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184.0000 Family Ranunculaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 231 (1789), nom. cons.
52 genera, ca. 3700 spp.
Species listed in database: 3848; hybrids: 110
= Aconitaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 216 (1820)
= Actaeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin Aneb. Rostlin 1(16-53): 2, 140 (1823)
= Anemonaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 264, 275 (1818)
= Aquilegiaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 375, 861, 979 (1870)
= Calthaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 92 (1820)
= Cimicifugaceae Bromhead; Mag. Nat. Hist. 4: 336, 338 (1840)
= Clematidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 134 (1820)
= Delphiniaceae Brenner; Florist. Handb. 52 (1886)
= Glaucidiaceae M.Tamura; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 85: 40 (1972)
= Helleboraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 264, 274 (1818)
= Hydrastidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Nigellaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 76 (1858)
= Thalictraceae Raf.; Anal. Nat. 176 (1815)
= Xanthorhizaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin Aneb. Rostlin 1(16-53): 2, 145 (1823)
184.4003 Genus Paraquilegia J.Drumm. & Hutch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1920: 156 (1920)
Distribution: Middle Asia, S-Siberia, Mongolia, SW-China, E-Iran, Afghanistan, Himalayas from Kashmir to Bhutan
Species listed in database: 7
= Alexeya Pachom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 19: 26 (1974)
species :
Paraquilegia altimurana Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 171: 9 (1992)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Logar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan)
34 AFG
species :
Paraquilegia anemonoides (Willd.) Engl. ex Ulbr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 369 (1922)
Distribution: Siberia (SW-Siberia, Altay); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Afghanistan (Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar); China (N-Gansu, Ningxia, N-Qinghai, Xinjiang); W-Tibet; Pakistan (Chitral, Kurram, Baltistan, Deosai); Bhutan; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim)
30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Alexeya vvedenskyi Pachom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 19: 27 (1974)
= Aquilegia anemonoides Willd.; Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 5: 401, t. 9, f. 6 (1811)
= Aquilegia minuta Stephan ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1(1): 53 (1841)
= Isopyrum anemonoides Engl. ex Ulbr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 369 (1922)
= Isopyrum grandiflorum Fisch. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 48 (1824)
= Paraquilegia grandiflora (Fisch. ex DC.) J.Drumm. & Hutch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1920: 156 (1920)
species :
Paraquilegia caespitosa (Boiss. & Hohen.) Drumm. & Hutch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1920: 158 (1920)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (N-Iran); China (SW-Xinjiang); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 IRN 36 CHI 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Isopyrum caespitosum Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 7 (1849)
species :
Paraquilegia chionophila Gilli; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 57: 97 (1955)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Parwan)
34 AFG
Remarks: status doubtful, incompletely known
species :
Paraquilegia microphylla (Royle) J.Drumm. & Hutch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1920: 157 (1920)
subspecies :
subsp. microphylla
Distribution: Siberia (SW-Siberia, Altay, Buryatia, Chita, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); Russian Far East (Upper Amur, Khabarovsk, Okhotsk/Magadan); Tajikistan; China (SW-Gansu, Qinghai, W-Sichuan, Xinjiang); Tibet; N-Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim)
30 SIB 31 RFE 32 TZK 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Isopyrum grandiflorum var. microphyllum (Royle) Finet & Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 409 (1904)
= Isopyrum microphyllum Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 54, t. 11, f. 4 (1834)
= Paraquilegia gemmifolia Pachom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 19: 29 (1974)
subspecies :
subsp. gangotriana (Pusalkar & D.K.Singh) Grey-Wilson; Bot. Mag., n. s. 40(1): 123 (2023)
Distribution: India (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Paraquilegia gangotriana Pusalkar & D.K.Singh; Nelumbo 53: 221 (2011)
species :
Paraquilegia scabrifolia Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 3: 237 (1972)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan
32 KGZ
species :
Paraquilegia uniflora (Aitch. & Hemsl.) J.Drumm. & Hutch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1920: 158 (1920)
Distribution: Tajikistan; Pakistan (Kurram)
32 TZK 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Isopyrum uniflorum Aitch. & Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 149 (1875)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life