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Ver. 25.02
Feb. 8th, 2025

251.0000 Family Urticaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 400 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 55 genera, ca. 2050 spp. Phylogeny: Wu et al. (2013)
Species listed in database: 2081; hybrids: 6
= Cecropiaceae C.C.Berg; Taxon 27: 39 (1978)
= Parietariaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 261 (1820)
251.2112 Genus Parietaria L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1052 (1753)
Distribution: Temperate and subtropical regions, mountainous tropics
Species listed in database: 26
= Nesobium Phil. ex Fuentes; Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat. 36: 160 (1932)
= Freirea Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 502 (1826)
= Helxine Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 76 (1897)
= Thaumuria Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 502 (1826)
species :
Parietaria alsinefolia Delile; Fl. Eg. 137 (1813)
Distribution: Algeria; Libya; Egypt (Eastern Desert); N-Chad (Tibesti); ?Sudan; Turkmenistan; Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Helmand, Kandahar); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (W-Yemen); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta)
20 ALG EGY LBY 24 CHA 32 TKM 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR 35 OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Freirea alsinefolia (Delile) Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 502 (1826)
species :
Parietaria cardiostegia Greuter; Fl. Australia 3: 190, 92 (1989)
Distribution: Australia (W-New South Wales, S-Western Australia, S-Northern Territory, South Australia, Tasmania)
50 AUS
species :
Parietaria cretica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1052 (1753)
Name: Kretisches Glaskraut (DE); Cretan Pellitory-of-the-wall (EN)
Distribution: Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Greece (lowlands near coast, incl. almost all islands); Crete; ?Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria)
13 GRC KRI PEL PTL SIC 34 CYP EAI LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Parietaria affinis Hornem. ex Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 250 (1857)
= Parietaria bracteata Moench; Suppl. Meth. [Moench] 115 (1802)
= Thaumuria cretica (L.) Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 502 (1830)
species :
Parietaria debilis G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 73 (1786)
Name: Kleines Glaskraut, Schwaches Glaskraut (DE); Ratonera ocucha (ES)
Distribution: Egypt (SE-Egypt); Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Ilha de Sao Tiago); Cameroon; N-Chad (Tibesti); Sudan; Soqotra; Namibia; South Africa (Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Madagascar; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Vietnam [I]; Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); Lord Howe Isl.; Norfolk Isl.; New Zealand; Chatham Isl.; Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Coahuila, Colima, Jalisco, México State, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz); Guatemala; Costa Rica; Cuba; Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Santander); Venezuela (Merida); Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); SE-Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Alto Paraná, Caazapa, Paraguari); Uruguay (Canelones, Florida Prov., Lavalleja, Paysandu, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Cordoba, Corrientes, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Rio Negro, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman); Chile (Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins); Juan Fdz. Isl.
20 EGY 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR 23 CMN 24 CHA SOC SUD 27 LES NAM SAF 29 MDG 35 SAU 41 vie 50 AUS LHI NFK 51 CTM NZL 79 MEX 80 COS GUA 81 CUB 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE JNF PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Freirea australis Nees; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 638 (1845)
= Freirea debilis (G.Forst.) Jarm.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 5: 329 (1941)
= Freirea erecta Phil.; Fl. Atacam. 49 (1860)
= Freirea fernandeziana (Steud.) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235(46) (1869)
= Freirea gracilis (Lowe) Jarm.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 5: 329 (1941)
= Freirea humifusa Gay; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 5: 366 (1852)
= Freirea squalida (Hook.f.) Jarm.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 5: 329 (1941)
= Freirea steudelii Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 252 (1857)
= Parietaria appendiculata var. lanuginosa Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2,3): 265 (1847)
= Parietaria appendiculata var. nympharum Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2,3): 265 (1847)
= Parietaria appendiculata var. vulcanii Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2,3): 265 (1847)
= Parietaria appendiculata Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3: 265 (1850)
= Parietaria australis (Nees) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 256 (1857)
= Parietaria australis var. glandulifera Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 256 (1857)
= Parietaria carnosula Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 255 (1857)
= Parietaria debilis subvar. ceratosantha Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 515 (1857)
= Parietaria debilis subvar. hyalina Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 515 (1857)
= Parietaria debilis subvar. lanuginosa (Webb & Berthel.) Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 515 (1857)
= Parietaria debilis subvar. macrantha Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235(46) (1869)
= Parietaria debilis var. australis (Nees) J.M.Black; Fl. S. Austral. [J.M.Black] 2: 157 (1924)
= Parietaria debilis var. ceratosantha (Wedd.) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235(46) (1869)
= Parietaria debilis var. diffusa Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 515 (1857)
= Parietaria debilis var. gracilis (Lowe) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16: 235(46) (1869)
= Parietaria debilis var. lanuginosa (Webb & Berthel.) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235 (1869)
= Parietaria debilis var. squalida (Hook.f.) Hook.f.; Bot. Antarct. Voy. III (Fl. Tasman.) 1: 344 (1857)
= Parietaria debilis var. umbrosa Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 515 (1857)
= Parietaria fernandeziana (Steud.) Navás; Revista Univ. (Santiago) 48: 15 (1964)
= Parietaria gracilis Lowe; Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 4: 16 (1831)
= Parietaria humifusa (Gay) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 252 (1857)
= Parietaria squalida Hook.f.; London J. Bot. 6: 285 (1847)
= Urtica debilis (G.Forst.) Endl.; Prom. Golfe Gascogne 37 (1833)
= Urtica fernandeziana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 734 (1841), nomen
= Urtica freireiformis Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 734 (1841), nomen
= Urtica parietariifolia Bertero ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 735 (1841), nomen
species :
Parietaria elliptica K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 606 (1849)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia
33 ARM GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Parietaria caespitosa Jarm. ex Schchian; Soobshch. Akad. Nauk Gruzinsk. S.S.R. 3: 1057 (1942)
= Parietaria cryptorum K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 606 (1849)
= Parietaria kemulariae Schchian; Bull. Acad. Sci. Georgian S.S.R. 3 10: 1060 (1942)
= Parietaria multicaulis Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 106 (1853)
species :
Parietaria erronea Panov; Fitologiya 48: 4 (1996)
Distribution: Bulgaria
13 BUL
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Parietaria feliciana Phil.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 28: 501 (1870)
Distribution: Desventuradas Isl.
85 DSV
Synonyms: hidden
= Nesobium felicianum Phil. ex Fuentes; Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat. 36: 160 (1932)
species :
Parietaria filamentosa Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3: 263 (1850)
Name: Fadenartiges Glaskraut (DE); Ratonera de sombra (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Gesnouinia filamentosa (Webb & Berthel.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 207 (1854)
species :
Parietaria floridana Nutt.; Gen. Ant. 2: 208 (1818)
Name: Florida pellitory
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Texas); Mexico (Veracruz, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Coahuila, Sonora, etc.)
75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Freirea floridana (Nutt.) Jarm.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 5: 329 (1941)
= Parietaria debilis var. floridana (Nutt.) Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 516 (1857)
= Parietaria nummularia Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 434 (1933)
= Parietaria obtusa Rydb.; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 359 (1903)
= Parietaria pensylvanica var. floridana (Nutt.) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235(48) (1869)
= Parietaria pensylvanica var. obtusa (Rydb.) Shinners; Field & Lab. 18: 42 (1950)
= Parietaria rotundifolia Raf.; Autik. Bot. 53 (1840)
= Parietaria suffruticosa Raf.; Autik. Bot. 52 (1840)
species :
Parietaria hespera Hinton; Sida 3: 293 (1969)
Name: Rillita pellitory
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Nevada); Mexico (Baja California Sur); +Isla Guadalupe
76 USA 77 USA 79 GLP MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Parietaria pensylvanica var. hespera (Hinton) S.L.Welsh; Utah Fl., ed. 4: 761 (2008)
variant :
var. californica Hinton; Sida 3: 295 (1969)
Name: California pellitory
Distribution: USA (California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
species :
Parietaria judaica L.; Sp. Pl., ed. 2 [Linnaeus] 1492 (1756)
subspecies :
subsp. judaica
Name: Mauer-Glaskraut, Ausgebreitetes Glaskraut, Ästiges Glaskraut (DE); Pellitory-of-the-wall (EN); Ratonera mansa (ES)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg [I], Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern [I], Hessen, Hamburg [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland, +Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt [I]); Switzerland; ?Liechtenstein; Austria [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Monaco; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (lowlands widespread, incl. most islands); Crete; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl.); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Yemen; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Dir, Chitral, Gilgit, Baltistan); Nepal; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; USA [I] (California [I], Florida [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I]); Jamaica [I]; Peru [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I])
10 den fin GRB IRE nor swe 11 aut BGM GER hun LUX NET SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA GIB MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 KRY UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 35 YEM 40 IND NEP PAK 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 81 jam 83 per 85 arg cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Parietaria diffusa Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Mertens & W.D.J.Koch], ed. 3, 1: 827 (1823), nom. illeg.
= Parietaria diffusa var. fallax Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 110 (1855)
= Parietaria diffusa var. gracilis Wirtg.; 167 (1841)
= Parietaria diffusa var. microphylla Bach ex Wirtg.; 167 (1841)
= Parietaria diffusa var. simplex Bach; 735 (1841)
= Parietaria jaxartica Pavlov; Vestn. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R. 4(73): 87 (1951)
= Parietaria judaica var. brevipetiolata Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 1149 (1879)
= Parietaria laxiflora Döll; Rhein. Fl. 257 (1843), nom. illeg.
= Parietaria littoralis Schchian; Notul. Syst. Geogr. Thbilissiensis 5: 13 (1939)
= Parietaria maderensis Rchb.; Flora (Regensburg) 13: 131 (1830)
= Parietaria officinalis subsp. diffusa (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 600 (1882), isonym
= Parietaria officinalis subsp. diffusa (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg, ed. 1: 608 (1834)
= Parietaria officinalis subsp. judaica (L.) Bég.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 15: 342 (1908)
= Parietaria officinalis subsp. ramiflora P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 235 (1935)
= Parietaria officinalis var. brevipetiolata (Boiss.) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 426 (1910)
= Parietaria officinalis var. diffusa (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9 [Monogr. Urticac.]: 507 (1856)
= Parietaria officinalis var. fallax (Gren. & Godr.) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 425 (1910)
= Parietaria officinalis var. judaica (L.) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 130 (1904)
= Parietaria officinalis var. ramiflora (Moench) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 4: 624 (1911)
= Parietaria pilosa Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 954 (1806)
= Parietaria punctata Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(1): 953 (1806)
= Parietaria ramiflora Moench; Methodus [Moench] 327 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Parietaria ramiflora var. fallax (Gren.) Hegi; 144 (1910)
= Parietaria ramiflora var. rotundata Murr; 102 (1899)
= Parietaria thymifolia Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 4 (1886)
= Parietaria tibethana Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 251 (1857)
= Parietaria velutina Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 251 (1857)
= Parietaria vulgaris Hill; Brit. Herb. [Hill] 491 (1756), opus utique oppr.
subspecies :
subsp. afghanica Chrtek; Novit. Bot., 1973-1975: 30 (1976)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Balkh, Bamyan, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Herat, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Logar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Samangan)
34 AFG
subspecies :
subsp. persica (Stapf) Chrtek; Novit. Bot., 1973-1975: 31 (1976)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran
32 TKM 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Parietaria persica Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 2: 4 (1886)
subspecies :
subsp. speluncarum Chrtek & Sádlo; Thaiszia 5(2): 106 (1995 publ. 1996)
Distribution: Syria
34 SYR
species :
Parietaria laxiflora Engl.; Wiss. Ergebn. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1907-1908), Bot. 2: 191 (1911)
Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Uganda
23 BIO CMN ZAI 25 UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Freirea laxiflora (Engl.) Jarm.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 5: 329 (1941)
species :
Parietaria lusitanica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1052 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. lusitanica
Name: Spanisches Glaskraut (DE); Spanish Pellitory-of-the-wall (EN)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; St. Helena [I]; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Saudi Arabia (Asir, Hejaz); United Arab Emirates
12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO ITA MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SRB TUE 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 28 sth 34 CYP IRN IRQ ISR LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU UAE
Synonyms: hidden
= Helxine bocconei Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 77 (1897)
= Parietaria filiformis Ten.; Syn. Fl. Neap. 77 (1815)
= Parietaria parviflora Friedr. ex Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 249 (1857)
= Parietaria polygonoides Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 956 (1806)
subspecies :
subsp. chersonensis (A.F.Láng & Szov.) Chrtek; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 105: 10 (1974)
Distribution: S-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iran; Afghanistan (Baghlan, Bamyan, Faryab, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Nangarhar, Parwan); Pakistan (Gilgit)
14 KRY RUS UKR 32 TKM TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Freirea chersonensis (A.F.Láng & Szov.) Jarm.; Fl. Turkmen. [Fedtschenko et al.] 2: Fasc. 1, 35 (1937)
= Parietaria chersonensis (A.F.Láng & Szov.) Dörfl.; Herb. Norm. no. 3581 (1898)
= Parietaria lusitanica var. chersonensis A.F.Láng & Szov.
subspecies :
subsp. serbica (Pancic) P.W.Ball; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 186 (1963)
Distribution: Serbia; Romania; Bulgaria; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia
13 BUL ROM SRB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM GEO
Synonyms: hidden
= Freirea serbica (Pancic) Jarm.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 5: 328 (1941)
= Parietaria serbica Pancic; Fl. Serbiae 620 (1874)
= Parietaria serbica Pancic ex Kanitz; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 3: 1875 (1877), 701
species :
Parietaria macrophylla Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 50: 165 (1895)
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Querétaro, Hidalgo, Michoacan, México State, Morelos, Veracruz, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Coahuila)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Parietaria decoris N.G.Mill.; J. Arnold Arbor. 51: 529 (1970)
species :
Parietaria mauritanica Durieu; Duchartre, Rey. Bot. 2: 427 (1847)
Name: Mauretanisches Glaskraut (DE); Ratonera mora (ES)
Distribution: S-Portugal; S-Spain; Gibraltar; Gibraltar; +Baleares; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Canary Isl. (Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro)
12 BAL GIB POR SPA 13 SIC 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Freirea ocymifolia (Poir.) Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 502 (1830)
= Freirea welwitschii (Blume) Jarm.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 5: 329 (1941)
= Parietaria circeifolia Pourr. ex Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235(45) (1869)
= Parietaria mauritanica var. latifolia Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 1: 253 (1862)
= Parietaria mauritanica var. minor Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 1: 253 (1862)
= Parietaria ocimifolia Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 5: 15 (1804)
= Parietaria welwitschii Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 251 (1857)
species :
Parietaria micrantha Ledeb.; Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 7, t. 22 (1829), et Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 303 (1833)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; China (Anhui, Beijing, Hubei, Hunan, S-Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xinjiang); Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; Japan (Honshu, Kyushu); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Chitral, N. W. Frontier Prov., Pakistani Punjab, Hazara, Baltistan); Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Java
30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 GEO NCS 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP NKO 40 BHU IND PAK 42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Freirea micrantha (Ledeb.) Jarm.; Sovietsk. Bot., no. 4, 144, 145 (1934), et Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 5: 328 (1941)
= Parietaria coreana Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 46 (1909)
= Parietaria debilis var. micrantha (Ledeb.) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235, 45 (1869)
= Parietaria lusitanica var. micrantha (Ledeb.) Chrtek; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8: 426 (1973)
= Parietaria micrantha var. coreana (Nakai) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 35: 211 (1960)
species :
Parietaria officinalis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1052 (1753)
Name: Aufrechtes Glaskraut (DE), Upright pellitory (EN)
Distribution: Denmark; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Cyprus (S-Cyprus); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Washington State [I]); Haiti [I]; Colombia [I]; Brazil [I]
10 DEN fin 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET SLO SWI 12 CIS COR FRA SAR 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD UKR 32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP IRN TUR 51 nzl 73 usa 78 usa 81 his 82 clm 84 bra
Synonyms: hidden
= Helxine dioscoridis Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 76 (1897)
= Parietaria assurgens Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 5: 15 (1804)
= Parietaria canescens Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 249 (1857)
= Parietaria diffusa Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 602 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Parietaria erecta Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Mertens & W.D.J.Koch], ed. 3, 1: 825 (1823), nom. illeg.
= Parietaria erecta var. ramosa Bogenh.; 332 (1850)
= Parietaria muralis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 69 (1796)
= Parietaria nitens K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 607 (1849)
= Parietaria nitida Miq.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 4: I. 204 (1853)
= Parietaria officinalis f. lanceolata Zapal.; 275 (1907)
= Parietaria officinalis subsp. erecta (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg, ed. 1: 608 (1834)
= Parietaria officinalis var. angustifolia Zapal.; 275 (1907)
= Parietaria officinalis var. apalophylla Láng; Soc. Regia Bot. Ratisbon., 187 (1824)
= Parietaria officinalis var. erecta (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Bab.; Prim. Fl. Sarnicae 89 (1839)
= Parietaria populifolia Nyman; Linnaea 18: 661 (1845)
= Parietaria rubicunda Pohl ex Miq.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 4(1): 194 (1853)
species :
Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(1): 955 (1806)
Name: Pennsylvania pellitory (EN), Pennsylvanisches Glaskraut (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I] (Berlin [I]); Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala
11 ger 70 CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Freirea pensylvanica (Muhl. ex Willd.) Jarm.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 5: 329 (1941)
= Helxine pensylvanica (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 235 (1914)
= Parietaria debilis var. pensylvanica (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 516 (1857)
= Parietaria falcata Raf.; Autik. Bot. 53 (1840)
= Parietaria heterophyla Raf.; Autik. Bot. 52 (1840)
= Parietaria linguifolia Liebm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., Ser. 5, 2: 313 (1851)
= Parietaria obtusa Rydb. ex Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 359, 1329 (1903)
= Parietaria occidentalis Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 306 (1912)
= Parietaria orizabae Liebm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., Ser. 5, 2: 313 (1851)
= Parietaria pensylvanica var. microphylla Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 235(48) (1869)
= Parietaria pensylvanica var. obtusa (Rydb. ex Small) Shinners; Field & Lab. 18: 42 (1950)
= Parietaria rufa Raf.; Autik. Bot. 53 (1840)
= Parietaria virgata Raf.; Autik. Bot. 52 (1840)
species :
Parietaria praetermissa Hinton; Sida 3: 192 (1968)
Name: Clustered pellitory
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina)
78 USA
species :
Parietaria rechingeri Chrtek; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 105: 12, t. 6, f. 4 (1974)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)
34 IRQ
species :
Parietaria rhodopaea Panov; Fitologiya 48: 3 (1996)
Distribution: Bulgaria
13 BUL
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Parietaria roschanica Jarm. ex Ikonn.; Opred. Vyssh. Rast. Badakhshana 121 (1979)
Distribution: Uzbekistan
32 UZB
species :
Parietaria ruwenzoriensis Cortesi; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 6: 537 (1908)
subspecies :
subsp. ruwenzoriensis
Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Uganda
23 ZAI 25 UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Freirea ruwenzoriensis (Cortesi) Jarm.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 5: 329 (1941)
= Parietaria scandens Engl.; Wiss. Ergebn. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1907-1908), Bot. 2: 191 (1911)
subspecies :
subsp. keniensis Gebauer; Nordic J. Bot. 14(5): 511 (1994)
Distribution: Kenya; N-Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
species :
Parietaria semispeluncaria Yildirim; Phytotaxa 226(3): 283 (2015)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Parietaria taiwaniana S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 4: 221 (2022)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Parietaria umbricola A.G.Mill.; Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(1): 46 (1994)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia; Yemen
35 SAU YEM
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.02 (February 8th, 2025)

Covering 356,031 accepted species,
8,748 hybrids, 51,756 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,320 synonyms,
in total 1,418,855* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life