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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35255; hybrids: 678
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.7722 Genus Pentanema Cass.; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 74 (1818)
Distribution: Europe, Africa, W-Asia eastward to Middle Asia (8), China, and India
Species listed in database: 36; hybrids: 13
= Amblyocarpum Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 3: 30 (1837)
= Ulina Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 100 (1852)
= Varthemia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 473 (1836)
species :
Pentanema alanyense H.Duman & Anderb.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 129(4): 335 (1999)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Pentanema aschersonianum (Janka) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Distribution: North Macedonia; S- & E-Bulgaria; N-Greece (incl. Thasos, Athos, south to Mt. Pelion); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)
13 BUL GRC NMA 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Conyza verbascifolia Friv. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 393 (1879)
= Helenium aschersonianum (Janka) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Inula aschersoniana Janka; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22: 179 (1872)
= Inula candida subsp. aschersoniana (Janka) Hayek
= Inula macedonica Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 8: 34 (1895)
= Inula verbascifolia subsp. aschersoniana (Janka) Tutin; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 67: 283 (1973)
species :
Pentanema asperum (Poir.) G.V.Boiko & Korniy.; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 75(5): 437 (2018)
Distribution: Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Italy; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey; Mongolia
11 HUN SLO 12 POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula aspera Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 3: 154 (1813)
= Inula salicina subsp. aspera (Poir.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 602 (1931)
= Inula salicina var. aspera (Poir.) Beck; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 44: 302 (1881)
= Inula spathulata Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 3: 154 (1813)
= Pentanema salicinum subsp. asperum (Poir.) Mosyakin; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 75(5): 438 (2018)
species :
Pentanema auriculatum (Boiss. & Balansa) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia)
33 ARM AZE GEO 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Helenium auriculatum (Boiss. & Balansa) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Inula auriculata Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 13 (1856)
= Inula oculus-christi subsp. auriculata (Boiss. & Balansa) Yild. & Senol; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 18(1): 17 (2011)
species :
Pentanema bifrons (L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Distribution: C-Spain (Segovia); France; Italy; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece (very rare)
12 FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS NMA ROM SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Aster bifrons (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 197 (1785)
= Aster decurrens Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 251 (1794)
= Conyza alata Baumg.; Enum. Fl. Transsilv. 3: 102 (1817)
= Conyza asteroides Host ex Beck; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 44: 332 (1882), nom. inval.
= Conyza bifrons L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 861 (1753)
= Conyza bifrons var. flosculosa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 862 (1753)
= Conyza bifrons var. radiata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 861 (1753)
= Conyza wulfenii Host ex Beck; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 44: 332 (1882)
= Helenium bifrons (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Inula bifrons (L.) L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 1236 (1763)
= Inula glomeriflora Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 150 (1779)
= Placus bifrons (L.) M.Gómez; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 273 (1890)
species :
Pentanema britannicum (L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Name: Wiesen-Alant (DE)
Distribution: Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, +Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (N- & C-Greece, Mt. Chelmos); S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka [I], Khabarovsk, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran, N-Iran: Mts); China (Hebei, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang); Mongolia; Pakistan (Gilgit); India (Jammu & Kashmir); Canada [I] (Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (New York [I])
10 DEN FIN NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 40 IND PAK 72 cdn 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Aster britannicus (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 197 (1785)
= Aster orientalis S.G.Gmel.; Reise Russland [S.G.Gmelin] 1: 155 (1776)
= Aster undulatus Moench; Methodus [Moench] 600 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Conyza britannica (L.) Moris ex Rupr.; Fl. Ingr. [Ruprecht] 569 (1860)
= Helenium britannica (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Helenium macrolepis (Bunge) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 343 (1891)
= Helenium microcephalum (Borbás) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 343 (1891)
= Helenium repandum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 343 (1891)
= Inula britannica f. angustifolia Hayek; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6: 484 (1917), nom. illeg.
= Inula britannica f. sublanata (Kom.) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 648 (1979)
= Inula britannica f. villosa Werner Christ.; Fl. Kiel [J. A. Christiansen et al.] 225 (1922)
= Inula britannica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 882 (1753)
= Inula britannica subsp. latifolia U.P.Pratov & R.Nabiev; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 10: 632 (1993)
= Inula britannica var. angustifolia Becker; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 44: 318 (1882), nom. illeg.
= Inula britannica var. angustifolia Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. 256 (1824)
= Inula britannica var. angustifolia T.Marsson; Fl. Neu-Vorpommern 237 (1869), nom. illeg.
= Inula britannica var. arenaria Rchb.; Fl. Leipzig 695 (1830)
= Inula britannica var. chinensis Regel; Tent. Fl. Ussur. 84 (1861)
= Inula britannica var. comosa (Lam.) Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 329 (1812)
= Inula britannica var. discoidea W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 1: 394 (1843)
= Inula britannica var. eglandulosa R.Nabiev; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 10: 632 (1993)
= Inula britannica var. glabrescens Kabath; Fl. Umgegend Gleiwitz 172 (1846)
= Inula britannica var. longilepis R.Nabiev; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 10: 633 (1993)
= Inula britannica var. microcephala Velen.; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 7, 1(8): 22 (1886)
= Inula britannica var. oetteliana (Rchb.) J.J.Schmitz & Regel; Fl. Bonn. 250 (1841)
= Inula britannica var. ramosissima Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 507 (1846)
= Inula britannica var. sericans Zalewski; Kosmos (Lvov) 5/6: 17 (1896)
= Inula britannica var. sublanata Kom.; Fl. Manshur. 3: 626 (1907)
= Inula britannica var. tymiensis Kudô; Contr. Fl. N. Saghal. 58 (1923)
= Inula britannica var. uniflora Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 320 (1829)
= Inula chinensis (Kom.) Kom.; Opred. Rast. Dal´nevost. Kraia 2: 1024 (1932)
= Inula comosa Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 147 (1779)
= Inula dichotoma Zuccagni; Collecteana [Roemer] 154 (1806)
= Inula encelioides Hornem. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 506 (1845)
= Inula hirta Pollich; Hist. Pl. Palat. 2: 467 (1777), nom. illeg.
= Inula micranthos DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 467 (1836)
= Inula microcephala Borbás; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 8: 235 (1887)
= Inula oetteliana Rchb.; Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 2, 2: 1506 (1829)
= Inula orientalis d´Urv. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 193 (1875), nom. inval.
= Inula serrata Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 3: 207 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Inula squarrosa Krock.; Fl. Siles. [Krocker] 2(2): 442 (1790) non L. 1763
= Inula tymensis Kudô; Contr. Fl. N. Saghal. 58 (1923), nom. inval.
= Inula vaillantii Schur ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 393 (1879)
species :
Pentanema caspicum (F.K.Blum ex Ledeb.) G.V.Boiko, Korniy. & Mosyakin; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 75(5): 437 (2018)
Distribution: S-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Tuva); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iran (N-Iran); China (Xinjiang); Tibet; Pakistan (Gilgit, Baltistan); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
14 KRY RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 AZE NCS 34 IRN 36 CHI TIB 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Helenium caspium (F.K.Blum ex Ledeb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Helenium falconeri (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Inula caspica F.K.Blum ex Ledeb.; Index Sem. (Dorpat) 1822: 10 (1822)
= Inula caspica var. paniculata C.H.An; Fl. Xinjiangensis 5: 476 (1999)
= Inula falconeri Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3(8): 294 (1881)
species :
Pentanema confertiflorum (A.Rich.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Helenium confertiflorum (A.Rich.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Inula confertiflora A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 399 (1848)
species :
Pentanema divaricatum Cass.; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 75 (1818), et Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier] 38: 374 (1825)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badghys, Baghlan, Farah, Herat, Kandahar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Samangan, Kunar / Nuristan); Syria (Jazira); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia); Qatar; Bahrain; United Arab Emirates; W-Tibet; Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Quetta, N. W. Frontier Prov., Khyber, Swat, Hazara, Pakistani Punjab); Nepal; India (Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, Bihar, Maharashtra, Jammu & Kashmir); Myanmar (Yangon)
32 TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN IRQ SYR 35 BAR QAT SAU UAE 36 TIB 40 IND NEP PAK 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula divaricata (Cass.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 200 (1875)
= Inula pentanema (Aitch. & Hemsl.) Kitam.; Results Kyoto Univ. Sci. Exped. Karakoram 2 (Fl. Afghanistan): 426 (1960)
= Inula vestita Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2962 (1831), nomen
= Inula vestita Wall. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 470 (1836)
= Jacobaea vestita (Wall. ex DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 347 (1891)
= Pentanema radiatum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 14 (1856)
= Pentanema vestitum (Wall. ex DC.) Y.Ling; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10(2): 180 (1965)
= Vicoa divaricata (Cass.) O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkestanicae [O.A.Fedchenko & B.A.Fedchenko] 4: 174 (1911), nom. illeg.
= Vicoa pentanema Aitch. & Hemsl.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 3(1): 75 (1888)
= Vicoa radiata (Boiss.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 335 (1873)
= Vicoa vestita (Wall. ex DC.) Benth. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 297 (1881)
species :
Pentanema ensifolium (L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Name: Schwert-Alant, Schwertblättriger Alant (DE)
Distribution: Sweden; Germany (Baden-Württemberg [I], +Bayern); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; N-Greece; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)
10 SWE 11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 33 NCS 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Aster ensifolius (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 174 (1771)
= Helenium ensifolium (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Inula angustifolia Wender.; Flora 12(1. Ergänzungsbl.): 26 (1829)
= Inula bubonium Eichw.; Naturhist. Skizze Lithauen Volhynien Podolien [Eichwald] 147 (1830), nom. illeg.
= Inula ensifolia f. polycephala Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6: 483 (1917)
= Inula ensifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 883 (1753)
= Inula lancifolia Wender.; Flora 12(1. Ergänzungsbl.): 26 (1829)
= Inula linifolia Wender.; Flora 12(1. Ergänzungsbl.): 26 (1829)
= Inula serpentinica Rech.f. & Goulimy; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 94: 26 (1957)
= Inula valiensis Tausch ex Beck; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 44: 313 (1882)
species :
Pentanema flexuosum (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 145: 102, t. 81 (1980)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran)
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula flexuosa Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 200 (1875)
= Jacobaea flexuosa (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 347 (1891)
= Vicoa flexuosa Krasch.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 345 (1937), pro syn.
species :
Pentanema germanicum (L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Name: Deutscher Alant (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Bayern, Hessen [I], Niedersachsen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mainland of N- and C-Greece); S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 32 KAZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Aster corymbosus Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 250 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Aster germanicus (L.) Cav.; Elench. Pl. Horti Matr. 5 (1803)
= Chrysocoma aspera F.Dietr.; Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 2: 239 (1816)
= Chrysocoma scabra Ledeb.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 5: 563 (1815)
= Helenium germanicum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Inula cordato-germanica Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 10: 64 (1859)
= Inula fasciculata Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 209 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Inula germanica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 883 (1753)
= Inula germanica var. media (M.Bieb.) Garcke; Fl. Halle [Garcke] 232 (1848)
= Inula micrantha Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 3: 153 (1813)
= Inula orientalis Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2100 (1803), nom. illeg.
= Inula praealta Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 68 (1827)
= Inula ×transsilvanica Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 312 (1866)
= Pentanema ×transsilvanicum (Schur) Seregin; Turk. J. Bot. 45(1): 97 (2021)
= Ulina germanica (L.) Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 100 (1852)
species :
Pentanema gracile (Gilli) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 145: 103 (1980)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Balkh, Bamyan, Ghazni)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula gracilis Gilli; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 90 (1963)
species :
Pentanema helenioides (DC.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Distribution: NC- & E-Spain; S-France
12 FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Helenium heleniodes (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 343 (1891)
= Inula britannica subsp. hispanica (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fontqueria 14: 9 (1987)
= Inula dubia Pourr. ex Timb.-Lagr.; Précis Herbor. 176 (1870)
= Inula helenioides DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 5: 470 (1815)
= Inula helenium Asso; Syn. Stirp. Aragon. 122 (1779) non L. 1753
= Inula hispanica Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 6: 62 (1895)
species :
Pentanema helveticum (Weber) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Name: Schweizer Alant (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg); Switzerland; E-Spain; NC- & NE-Spain; Andorra; France; NW-Italy
11 GER SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aster vaillantii All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 196 (1785)
= Helenium vaillantii (All.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Inula cinerea Chaix; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 1: 370 (1786)
= Inula cinerea Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 259 (1789)
= Inula halleri Beck; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 44: 295 (1882)
= Inula helvetica var. brevifolia (Willk. & Costa ex Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 90 (1987 publ. 1988)
= Inula helvetica Weber; Pl. Min. Cogn. Decuria 17 (1784)
= Inula ramosissima Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse 244 (1811)
= Inula vaillantii (All.) Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3: 216 (1788)
= Inula vaillantii var. brevifolia Willk. & Costa; Linnaea 30: 107 (1859)
species :
Pentanema hirtum (L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Name: Rauer Alant (DE)
Distribution: Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece; S-European Russia; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus
11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Aster hirtus (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 173 (1771)
= Helenium hirtum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Inula hirsuta Gueldenst.; Reise Russland [Gueldenstaedt] 2: 72 (1791)
= Inula hirta L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 883 (1753)
= Inula hirta var. angustifolia St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 477 (1889)
= Inula hirta var. oblongifolia Beck; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 44: 30 (1881)
= Inula hirta var. uniflora Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 323 (1829)
= Inula involucrata Kalenic.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 18: 234 (1845)
= Inula melanolepidea Kalenic.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 18: 235 (1845)
= Inula obvallata Kit.; Linnaea 32: 377 (1864)
= Pulicaria hirta (L.) J.Presl & C.Presl; Fl. Cech. 178 (1819)
= Ulina hirta (L.) Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 100 (1852)
species :
Pentanema inuloides (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 160 (2018)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Iran (N-Iran)
33 AZE NCS 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Amblyocarpum inuloides Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 3: 30 (1837)
species :
Pentanema kurdistanicum Maroofi & Ghaderi; Phytotaxa 253(3): 223 (2016)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Pentanema langeanum (Beck) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Distribution: NC-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula conyza subsp. gutierrezii (Pau) Galán Cela; Fontqueria 27: 9 (1989)
= Inula langeana Beck; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 44: 329 (1882)
= Inula sennenii Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 6: 25 (1907)
= Inula ×gutierrezii Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 3: 291 (1904)
species :
Pentanema maletii (Maire) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula maletii Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 13: 40 (1922)
species :
Pentanema mariae (Bordz.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
33 ARM AZE 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula mariae Bordz.; Zap. Kievsk. Obshch. Estestvoisp. 25: 115 (1915)
species :
Pentanema montanum (L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Name: Berg-Alant (DE)
Distribution: Switzerland; Portugal; Spain; France; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
11 SWI 12 FRA POR SPA 13 CRO ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Aster montanus (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 195 (1785)
= Helenium montanum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 343 (1891)
= Inula calycina C.Presl; Fl. Sicul. [Presl] p. 29 (1826)
= Inula conyzoides Desf.; Choix Pl. Coroll. 49 (1808)
= Inula montana L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 884 (1753)
= Inula montana var. lanata Font Quer & Pau
= Inula odora d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 367 (1822)
= Inula villosa L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1219 (1759)
= Pulicaria calycina C.Presl; Delic. Prag. 96 (1822)
species :
Pentanema nematolepis Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 145: 105 (1980)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kandahar, Orozgan / Daykundi)
34 AFG
species :
Pentanema oculus-christi (L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Name: Christusaugen-Alant (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of mainland, Thasos, Athos); S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
11 AUT CZE ger HUN SLO 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 32 KAZ TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Aster oculus-christi (L.) Cav.; Elench. Pl. Horti Matr. 5 (1803)
= Helenium kanitzii Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Helenium oculus-christi (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 343 (1891)
= Inula campestris Besser; Enum. Pl. [Besser] 108 (1822)
= Inula lanuginosa Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 206 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Inula montana M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 317 (1808), nom. illeg.
= Inula oculus Schrank; Baier. Fl. 2: 394 (1789)
= Inula oculus-christi L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 881 (1753)
= Inula sericea Kit. ex Kanitz; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 13: 523 (1863)
= Inula suaveolens Pall. ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 317 (1808)
species :
Pentanema orientale (Lam.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Nepal; NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir)
11 ger 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR 40 IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Helenium orientale (Lam.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Inula glandulosa Muss.Puschk. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2097 (1803), nom. illeg.
= Inula orientalis Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 255 (1789)
species :
Pentanema persicum (DC.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., S-Iran, SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Badghys, Balkh, Bamyan, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghorat, Kabul, Logar, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Kurram, Hindukush)
32 TKM TZK 34 AFG IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula rupestris Aitch. & Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 169 (1882)
= Iphiona persica (DC.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 333 (1873)
= Varthemia persica DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 473 (1836)
= Varthemia persica var. squarrosula Bornm. ex Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 145: 108 (1980)
= Varthemia persica var. stenocephala Bornm. ex Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 145: 108 (1980)
species :
Pentanema prasinurum Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 145: 100 (1980)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Ghazni, Orozgan / Daykundi)
34 AFG
species :
Pentanema pulicariiforma (DC.) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 145: 100, t. 77 (1980)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula pulicariiformis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 284 (1838)
= Jacobaea pulicariiformis (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 347 (1891)
= Pentanema aucheri Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 75 (1846)
species :
Pentanema pygmaeum (Gilli) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 145: 101 (1980)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghorat)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula pygmaea Gilli; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 91 (1963)
species :
Pentanema rhizocephalum (Schrenk) Sennikov; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tian-Shan 406 (2021)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Ghorat, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Logar, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar); China (Xinjiang); Tibet; Pakistan (Chitral, Gilgit); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 36 CHI TIB 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Conyza rhizocephala (Schrenk) Rupr.; Sert. Tianschan. 51 (1869)
= Helenium rhizocephalum (Schrenk) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 343 (1891)
= Inula haussknechtiana Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 60: B. 185 (1939), pro syn.
= Inula rhizocephala var. intermedia Kitam.; Results Kyoto Univ. Sci. Exped. Karakoram 3 (Pl. W. Pakistan & Afghanistan): 150 (1964)
= Inula rhizocephala Schrenk; Enum. Pl. Nov. [Fischer & Meyer] 1: 51 (1841)
species :
Pentanema sabuletorum (Czern. ex Lavrenko) G.V.Boiko & Korniy.; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 75(5): 437 (2018)
Distribution: Slovakia; Romania; Bulgaria; S-European Russia; N-European Russia; Ukraine; Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus
11 SLO 13 BUL ROM 14 RUS UKR 32 KAZ 33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula denticulata Borbás; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 38: 325 (1888)
= Inula sabuletorum Czern. ex Lavrenko; Index Sem. (Cracow) 7 (1925 publ. 1926)
= Inula salicina subsp. denticulata (Borbás) Soó; Feddes Repert. 83(3): 173 (1972)
= Inula salicina subsp. sabuletorum (Czern. ex Lavrenko) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 131 (1972)
= Pentanema salicinum subsp. sabuletorum (Czern. ex Lavrenko) Mosyakin; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 75(5): 438 (2018)
species :
Pentanema salicinum (L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Name: Weidenblättriger Alant (DE), Irish Fleabane (EN)
Distribution: Ireland (C-Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; N-Greece (south to NC-Greece); S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); China (Heilongjiang, Hainan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], New York [I])
10 DEN FIN IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ LEB TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Aster rigidus Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 251 (1802), nom. illeg.
= Aster salicinus (L.) L.; Fornander, 19 (1753)
= Aster salicinus (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 172 (1772)
= Aster spathulatus Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 157 (1841)
= Conyza salicina (L.) Rupr.; Fl. Ingr. [Ruprecht] 568 (1860)
= Helenium cordatum (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Helenium salicinum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 343 (1891)
= Inula auriculata Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 10: 68 (1859), nom. illeg.
= Inula cordata Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 3 (1844)
= Inula coriacea Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 38 (1853)
= Inula glabra Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 205 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Inula involucrata Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 171 (1866)
= Inula kitamurana Tatew. ex Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13 (Compos. Jap. 1): 267 (1937)
= Inula lineata (Nyár.) Nyár.; Bul. Grad. Bot. Univ. Cluj 14: 224 (1935 publ. 1934)
= Inula lucens Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 516 (1867)
= Inula pseudobubonium Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 313 (1866)
= Inula pseudosalicina Simkov. ex Beck; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 44: 303 (1882)
= Inula salicina L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 882 (1753)
= Inula salicina subsp. angustifolia (Lönnr.) Neuman; Sver. Fl. 33 (1901)
= Inula salicina subsp. asiatica (Kitam.) Kitag.; Lin. Fl. Manshur. 253 (1939)
= Inula salicina subsp. semiamplexicaulis (Reut.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 391 (1879)
= Inula salicina var. angustifolia Lönnr.; Obs. Crit. Pl. Suec. 4 (1854)
= Inula salicina var. asiatica Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2(1): 44-45 (1933)
= Inula salicina var. minipetala Y.N.Lee; Fl. Korea [Lee] 1161 (1996), contrary to Arts. 37.4,
= Inula salicina var. suberadiata Murr; Neue Übers. Bl.-Pfl. Vorarlberg Liechtenstein 3(1): 315 (1924)
= Inula semiamplexicaulis Reut.; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 7: 169 (1836)
= Inula squarrosa Griseb.; Arch. Naturgesch. (Berlin) 18(1): 337 (1852), nom. illeg.
= Inula vaillantii var. semiamplexicaulis (Reut.) Ces., Pass. & Gibelli; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Cesati] 2: 533 (1878)
= Pentanema ×semiamplexicaule (Reut.) Seregin; Turk. J. Bot. 45(1): 96 (2021)
= Pulicaria salicina (L.) J.Presl & C.Presl; Fl. Cech. 178 (1819)
= Ulina salicina (L.) Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 100 (1852)
species :
Pentanema savii (Beck) Seregin; Turk. J. Bot. 45(1): 96 (2021)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula savii Beck; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 44: 306 (1882)
species :
Pentanema spiraeifolium (L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
Name: Sparriger Alant (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Hungary; France; Corsica; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)
11 ger HUN SWI 12 COR FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA SLV SRB TUE 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Aster bubonium Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 173 (1771)
= Aster pubescens Moench; Methodus [Moench] 600 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Aster squarrosus (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 196 (1785)
= Erigeron squarrosus (L.) Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse 243 (1811)
= Helenium hispidum (Schur) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 343 (1891)
= Helenium squarrosum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 343 (1891)
= Inula bubonium (Scop.) Jacq.; Fl. Austriac. [Jacquin] 5: 36 (1778)
= Inula cordata Freyn ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 391 (1879), nom. inval.
= Inula foliosa Schrad. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 392 (1879)
= Inula germanica Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3: 219 (1788)
= Inula hispida Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 314 (1866)
= Inula myrtifolia L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1219 (1759)
= Inula scaberrima (Rohlena) A.W.Hill; Index Kew., Suppl. 6: 107 (1926)
= Inula spiraeifolia L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1219 (1759)
= Inula spiraeifolia var. pilosa Cohrs; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 56: 130 (1954)
= Inula squarrosa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 1240 (1763)
= Inula squarrosa subsp. spiraeifolia (L.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 392 (1879), nom. illeg.
= Inula squarrosa var. bubonium (Jacq.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 321 (1829)
= Inula squarrosa var. scaberrima Rohlena; Magyar Bot. Lapok 3: 321 (1904)
species :
Pentanema squarrosum (L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Phytotaxa 395: 18 (2019)
Name: Dürrwurz (-Alant) (DE), Ploughman´s-spikenard (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, E-Scotland); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I]); Denmark; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Monaco; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread in mainland, mostly North); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Algeria; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Samos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); New Zealand [I]; Colombia [I]
10 DEN GRB ire SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD UKR 20 ALG 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN LEB SYR TUR 51 nzl 82 clm
Synonyms: hidden
= Aster conyzae Griess.; Kleine Bot. Schrift. 122 (1836)
= Conyza squarrosa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 861 (1753)
= Conyza vulgaris Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 73 (1779), nom. illeg.
= Helenium vulgare (Lam.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Inula conyzae (Griess.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 464 (1836)
= Inula conyzae (Griess.) Meikle; Fl. Cyprus [Meikle] 2: 890, 1897 (1985), isonym
= Inula foetida Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 516 (1867)
= Inula squarrosa (L.) Bernh.; (1800) ex Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 464 (1836) non L.
= Inula vulgaris (Lam.) Trevis.; Prosp. Fl. Eugan. 29 (1842), nom. illeg.
= Jacobaea conyza (DC.) Merino; Fl. Galicia [Merino] 2: 337 (1906)
= Pentanema conyzae (Griess.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67: 159 (2018)
species :
Pentanema verbascifolium (Willd.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 159 (2018)
subspecies :
subsp. verbascifolium
Name: Schneeweißer Alant (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; E-Italy (Monte Gargano); Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Albania; Bulgaria
11 ger 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA MNT
Remarks: candida agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Conyza verbascifolia Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1924 (1803)
= Inula bocconei Soldano; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 127(3-4): 217 (1986) (nom. nov.)
= Inula candida subsp. verbascifolia (Willd.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 606 (1931)
= Inula verbascifolia (Willd.) Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 8: 32 (1895)
subspecies :
subsp. heterolepis (Boiss.) comb.ined.
Name: Schneeweißer Alant (DE); Snow Samphire (EN)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Karpathos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon)
34 EAI LEB TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Helenium heterolepis (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 342 (1891)
= Inula candida Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 502 (1845), nom. inval.
= Inula heterolepis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 12 (1856)
= Inula verbascifolia subsp. heterolepis (Boiss.) Tutin; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 67: 283 (1973)
subspecies :
subsp. methanaeum (Hausskn.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Greece (Attiki, Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula attica Halácsy; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 48: 713 (1898)
= Inula attica var. limonella Heldr. ex Halácsy; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 48: 714 (1898)
= Inula attica var. macrophylla Heldr.; Exsicc. Herb. Graecum Normale 1900: no. 1553 (1900)
= Inula candida subsp. methanaea (Hausskn.) Hayek
= Inula methanaea Hausskn.; Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2(1): (1889) 176, et in Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 8: 33 (1895)
= Inula verbascifolia subsp. methanaea (Hausskn.) Tutin; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 67: 283 (1973)
subspecies :
subsp. parnassicum (Boiss. & Heldr.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Greece (C-Greece, NW-Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula parnassica Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 11 (1856)
= Inula parnassica var. euboea Halácsy; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 48: 714 (1898)
= Inula verbascifolia subsp. parnassica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Tutin; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 67: 283 (1973)
subspecies :
subsp. subfloccosa (Rech.f.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Greece
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula subfloccosa Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 93: 101 (1956)
species :
Pentanema ×adriaticum (Borbás) Seregin; Turk. J. Bot. 45: 96 (2021 publ. 2020)
Distribution: Croatia; etc.
13 CRO
Remarks: Pentanema hirtum x squarrosum
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula ×adriatica Borbás; Math. Term. Közlem. 14: Tab. 1 (1877)
species :
Pentanema ×doellianum Rottenst.; Fritschiana 95: 19 (2020), nom. nov.
Name: Straffer Alant (DE)
Distribution: Europe; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz, Thüringen); Czech Republic; Slovakia; European Russia; etc.
11 CZE GER SLO 14 RUS
Remarks: Pentanema hirtum x salicinum
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula ×rigida Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 3: 1365 (1862), nom. illeg.
= Pentanema rigidum J.H.Xue, Chepinoga & K.P.Ma; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. N. Asia 338 (2024), nom. illeg. (based on illeg. basionym)
species :
Pentanema ×hausmannii (Huter) Seregin; Turk. J. Bot. 45(1): 96 (2021)
Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; etc.
11 CZE SLO
Remarks: Pentanema ensifolium x hirtum
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula ×hausmannii Huter
species :
Pentanema ×hispidum (Schur) Seregin; Turk. J. Bot. 45: 97 (2021 publ. 2020)
Distribution: Romania; etc.
13 ROM
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula bubonium var. hispida Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 314 (1866)
species :
Pentanema ×hybridum (Baumg.) Seregin; Turk. J. Bot. 45(1): 96 (2021)
Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; etc.
11 CZE SLO
Remarks: Pentanema ensifolium x germanicum
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula ×hybrida Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 132 (1817)
species :
Pentanema ×litorale (Borbás) Seregin; Turk. J. Bot. 45: 96 (2021 publ. 2020)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Pentanema ensifolium x spiraeifolium
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula ×ltoralis Borbás; Ertek. Természettud. Köréb. Magyar Tud. Akad. 9(15): 6 (1879)
species :
Pentanema ×medium (M.Bieb.) G.V.Boiko & Korniy.; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 75(5): 437 (2018)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Czech Republic; etc.
11 CZE GER
Remarks: Pentanema germanicum x P. salicinum
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula ×media M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. Suppl. 576 (1819)
species :
Pentanema ×mucheri (Starm.) Seregin; Turk. J. Bot. 45(1): 97 (2021)
Distribution: Croatia
13 CRO
Remarks: Pentanema salicinum x squarrosum
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula ×mucheri Starm.; Carinthia II 195/115(2): 523 (2005)
species :
Pentanema ×semiamplexicaule (Reut.) Seregin; Turk. J. Bot. 45: 96 (2021 publ. 2020)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula semiamplexicaulis Reut.; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 7: 169 (1836)
species :
Pentanema ×strictum (Tausch) Seregin; Turk. J. Bot. 45(1): 96 (2021)
Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; etc.
11 CZE SLO
Remarks: Pentanema ensifolium x salicinum
Synonyms: hidden
= Helenium ×strictum (Tausch) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 343 (1891)
= Helenium ×vrabelyianum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 343 (1891)
= Inula barthiana Schur; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 21: 103 (1871)
= Inula bubonium Tausch; Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 253 (1828), nom. illeg.
= Inula neilreichii A.Kern.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. [Kerner] 1: 91 (1881) et ex Beck in Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 44: 315 (1882)
= Inula neilreichii Beck ex Formánek; Kvetna Mor. Rakousk. Slezska 2: 528 (1892), et Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: (1893) 1182
= Inula ×stricta Tausch; Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 253 (1828)
= Inula ×vrabelyiana A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 18: 297 (1868)
species :
Pentanema ×suaveolens (Jacq.) Seregin; Turk. J. Bot. 45(1): 96 (2021)
Distribution: Czech Republic; etc.
11 CZE
Remarks: Pentanema oculus-christi x squarrosum
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula ×suaveolens Jacq.; Hort. Bot. Vindob. 3: 29, t. 51
species :
Pentanema ×transsilvanicum (Schur) Seregin; Turk. J. Bot. 45: 97 (2021 publ. 2020)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula transsilvanica Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 312 (1866)
species :
Pentanema ×vrabelyianum (A.Kern.) Seregin; Turk. J. Bot. 45: 97 (2021 publ. 2020)
Distribution: EC-Europe
Error
Remarks: Pentanema ensifolia x ?
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula ×vrabelyiana A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 21: 59 (1871)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.05 (May 23rd, 2025)

Covering 356,547 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,107 synonyms,
in total 1,416,616* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life