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496.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6763; hybrids: 10
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 256 (1858)
496.6671 Genus Pentatropis Wight & Arn.; Contr. Bot. India [Wight] 52 (1834)
Distribution: Africa, Mascarene Isl., Arabian Peninsula, India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia. Inclusion of Strobopetalum and Ischnostemma following Liede (1997)
Species listed in database: 4
= Eutropis Falc.; Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 15 (1839)
= Pseudopentatropis Costantin; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 4: 61 (1912)
= Strobopetalum N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 335 (1894)
species :
Pentatropis bentii (N.E.Br.) Liede; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 114(1): 91 (1994)
Distribution: Somalia; Yemen (SE-Yemen: coastal Hadhramaut)
24 SOM 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Strobopetalum bentii N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 336 (1894)
species :
Pentatropis capensis (L.f.) Bullock; Kew Bull. [10]: 284 (1955)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Vietnam
40 BAN IND SRL 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias microphylla Roth; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 85 (1820)
= Colostephanus capensis (L.f.) Harv.; Gen. S. Afr. Pl. 417 (1838)
= Cynanchum acuminatum Thunb.; Observ. Cynanch. 5 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Cynanchum capense L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 168 (1782)
= Cynoctonum capense (L.f.) E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. [Meyer] 216 (1838)
= Pentatropis microphylla (Roth) Wight & Arn.; Contr. Bot. India [Wight] 52 (1834)
= Vincetoxicum capense (L.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891)
species :
Pentatropis nivalis (J.F.Gmel.) D.V.Field & J.R.I.Wood; Kew Bull. 38: 215 (1983)
subspecies :
subsp. nivalis
Distribution: Egypt (SE-Egypt); Mauritania; Senegal; Mali; Burkina Faso; Niger; NE-Chad (Ennedi); Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; NE-Kenya; Tanzania; Iran (S-Iran); Israel (Rift Valley); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, Rub al Khali, Asir); United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); India (Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh)
20 EGY 22 BKN MLI MTN NGR SEN 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN 34 IRN ISR JOR SIN 35 OMA SAU UAE YEM 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias forsskalii Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 85 (1820), nom. superfl.
= Asclepias nivalis (Forssk.) J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 2: 444 (1791)
= Asclepias nivea Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 51 (1775) (nom. illeg., non L. (1753))
= Oxystelma caudatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8213 D (1847), nomen
= Pentarrhinum fasciculatum K.Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 323 (1895)
= Pentatropis cynanchoides R.Br. ex N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4: 380 (1902), nom. superfl.
= Pentatropis cynanchoides var. senegalensis (Decne.) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4: 381 (1902)
= Pentatropis fasciculata (K.Schum.) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 381 (1902)
= Pentatropis hoyoides K.Schum.; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 7: 40 (1897)
= Pentatropis rigida Chiov.; Ric. Idrogeol. Bot. Entomol. Somalia Ital. Merid. [Stefanini & Paoli] 1: 1: 114 (1916)
= Pentatropis senegalensis Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 9: 328 (1838)
= Pentatropis spiralis var. longipetiolata Engl.; Hochgebirgsfl. Afrika [Engler] 343 (1892)
= Strobopetalum carnosum N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 336 (1894)
= Tylophora cirrosa Asch. ex Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 132 (1867)
subspecies :
subsp. madagascariensis (Decne.) Liede & Meve; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 23(2): 348 (2001)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentatropis madagascariensis Decne.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 536 (1844)
species :
Pentatropis pierrei Costantin; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 4: 59 (1912)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.05 (May 20th, 2026)

Covering 359,646 accepted species,
8,890 hybrids, 47,679 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,012,517 synonyms,
in total 1,428,732* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life