378.0000 Family Polygonaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 82 (1789), nom. cons.

52 genera, ca. 1450 spp.

Species listed in database: 1464; hybrids: 111

378.3201 Genus Persicaria (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (1754)

Distribution: Temperate Northern Hemisphere south to Mediterranean, India, S-China, and Malay Peninsula

Species listed in database: 131; hybrids: 7

species :

Persicaria acuminata (Kunth) M.Gómez; Anales Segunda Ensenanza (La Habana) 2: 278 (1896)

Name: Piment-vache (Lesser Antilles)

Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Guatemala; Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Nicaragua; Guatemala; Honduras; Galapagos; Peru; Cuba; Hispaniola; Jamaica; Puerto Rico; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Trinidad; Belize; Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Guarico?, Lara, Miranda, Monagas, Sucre); N-Brazil (Amapa, Amazonas, Acre); NE-Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Luis, Tucuman); Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Chile (Valparaiso, O´Higgins, Maule, Bio Bio); Desventuradas Isl.; Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Misiones, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Uruguay (Lavalleja, Rocha); Colombia (Antioquia, Arauca); Israel [I] (coastal W-Israel [I], Rift Valley [I]); Madagascar [I]; Gabon [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Benin [I]

22 ben 23 con gab 29 mdg 34 isr 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB GDL HIS JAM PUE TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE DSV PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Chulusium acuminatum (Kunth) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Polygonum acuminatum Kunth, Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2, ed. folio: 142

= Polygonum acuminatum var. brachystemon Meisn., Fl. Bras. (Mart.) 5(1): 15 (1855), et DC., Prodr. 14(1): 114 (1856)

= Polygonum acuminatum var. glabrescens Meisn., Fl. Bras. (Mart.) 5(1): 15 (1855)

= Polygonum acuminatum var. humboldtii Meisn., Fl. Bras. (Mart.) 5(1): 14 (1855)

= Polygonum acuminatum var. microstemon Meisn., Fl. Bras. (Mart.) 5, pt. 1: 15, tab. 4, fig. 2 (1855)

= Polygonum acuminatum var. setigerum (Wedd.) Meisn., Fl. Bras. (Mart.) 5(1): 15 (1855)

= Polygonum acuminatum var. subcordatum Meisn., Fl. Bras. (Mart.) 5(1): 15 (1855), et DC., Prodr. 14(1): 114 (1856)

= Polygonum acuminatum var. weddellii Meisn., Fl. Bras. (Mart.) 5(1): 15 (1855), et DC., Prodr. 14(1): 114 (1856)

= Polygonum alfredii Pilg., Fedde, Repert. 17: 126 (1921)

= Polygonum barbatum G.Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 158 (1818)

= Polygonum bettfreundianum Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. 19: Beibl. n. 48 11 (1894)

= Polygonum ciliatum Ruiz ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 114 (1857)

= Polygonum cuspidatum Willd. ex Spreng., Syst. 2: 256 (1825)

= Polygonum erectum Vell., Fl. Flum. 162, 4: t. 42 (1829)

= Polygonum floribundum Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. III. 13: 252 (1849)

= Polygonum graminifolium Hoffm. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 114 (1857)

= Polygonum guatemalense Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 66: 225, in clavi. (1919)

= Polygonum setigerum Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. III. 13: 253 (1849)

= Polygonum vellosoi Toledo, Arquiv. Bot. Estad. S. Paulo, n. s., form. maior, 3: 27 (1952)

species :

Persicaria akakiensis (Cufod.) Soják; Preslia. 46(2): 152 (1974)

Distribution: C-Ethiopia

24 ETH

Remarks: only known from type collected in 1904

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum akakiense Cufod., Sitz. Osterr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Nat., clvi. 1. 475 (1947)

species :

Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 268 (1821)

Distribution: Albania; Austria; Belgium; Luxembourg; England; Channel Isl.; Bulgaria; Corsica; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Denmark; Faeroe Isl.; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; East Aegaean Isl.; Ireland; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Netherlands; Spain; Hungary; Italy; Iceland; Macedonia; Serbia & Kosovo; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Slovenia; Croatia; Portugal; Malta; Norway; Poland; Romania; Sardinia; Sicily; Sweden; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; W-European Russia; N-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Crimea; Belarus; Ukraine; Tunisia; Algeria; Morocco; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia); Russian Far East; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Mongolia; South Africa [I]; Lesotho [I]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); European Turkey; Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen); Afghanistan (Faryab, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan); Bhutan; Pakistan (Dir, Chitral, Hazara, Swat, Astor, Gilgit, Baltistan); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir); Nepal; China (Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan); Tibet; South Korea; Argentina [I]

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 27 les saf 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG EAI IRN LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU YEM 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP KOR 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 85 arg

Synonyms: hidden

= Chulusium amphibium (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Chulusium fluitans Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Persicaria amphibia var. amurensis (Korsh.) H.Hara, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 36 (1952)

= Persicaria amphibia var. natans (Leyss.) Munshi & Javeid, Syst. Stud. Polygonac. Kashmir Himalaya (J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Addit. Ser. 2): 63 (1986)

= Persicaria amphibia var. terrestris (Leyss.) Munshi & Javeid, Syst. Stud. Polygonac. Kashmir Himalaya (J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Addit. Ser. 2): 63 (1986)

= Persicaria amurensis Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Nat., 2: 183 (1912)

= Persicaria fluitans Montandon, Syn. Fl. Jura Sept. 268 (1856)

= Polygonum amphibia ssp. amurensis (Korsh.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 152 (1974)

= Polygonum amphibium f. terrestris (Leers) Kitag., J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 4: 10 (1936)

= Polygonum amphibium L., Sp. Pl.: 361 (1753)

= Polygonum amphibium ssp. amurense (Korsh.) Hultén, Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., 13(1): 174 (1971)

= Polygonum amphibium var. amurense Korsh., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 382 (1893)

= Polygonum amphibium var. terrestre Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willd.] 2(1): 443 (1799)

= Polygonum amphibium var. vestitum Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 333 (1891)

= Polygonum amurense (Korsh.) Vorosch., Fl. Sovetsk. Dal´n. Vost. 167 (1966)

= Polygonum aquaticum A.Gray ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 116 (1857)

= Polygonum bistorta Walter, Fl. Carol. 131 (1788)

= Polygonum coccineum var. terrestre (Willd.) Willd., Enum. Pl. [Willd.] 1: 428, in adnot. (1809)

= Polygonum natans Gueldenst., Reis. Russland (Gueldenst.) 2: 32 (1791)

= Polygonum purpureum Gilib., Exerc. Phyt. 2: 433 (1792)

= Polygonum salicifolium Schur, Enum. Pl. Transs. 583 (1866)

= Polygonum terrestre (Willd.) Hegetschw., Fl. Schw. 366 (1839)

variant :

var. emersa (Michx.) J.C.Hickman; Madroño, 31(4): 249 (1984)

Name: Longroot smartweed

Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec, Saskatchewan); Mexico (Chiapas, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sonora, Tlaxcala, Zacatecas)

70 CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria coccinea (Muhl. ex Willd.) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 24, 35 (1904)

= Persicaria coccinea ssp. pratincola (Greene) Á.Löve & D.Löve, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 81: 33 (1954)

= Persicaria emersa (Michx.) Small, Fl. S. E. U. S 376 (1903)

= Persicaria muhlenbergia (S.Watson) Small, Rydb. Fl. Colorado, 111 (1906)

= Persicaria pratincola Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 36 (-37) (1904)

= Polygonum amphibium var. coccineum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Farw., Ann. Rep. Mich. Acad. Sci 6: 207 (1904)

= Polygonum amphibium var. emersum Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michx.) 1: 240 (1803)

= Polygonum coccineum Muhl. ex Willd., Enum. Pl. [Willd.] 1: 428 (1809)

= Polygonum coccineum var. pratincola (Greene) Stanford, Rhodora 27: 165 (1925)

= Polygonum emersum (Michx.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 8: 73 (1889), Small, Monogr. N. Am. Polygon. Mem. Bot. Colombia, Coll. i.) 44 (1895)

= Polygonum muehlenbergii S.Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 295 (1879)

= Polygonum pratincolum (Greene) Fedde, Just´s Bot. Jahresber., 32(1): 417 (1905)

variant :

var. stipulacea (N.Coleman) H.Hara; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. sect. 3, Bot. 6: 36 (1952)

Name: Water smartweed

Distribution: Alaska; USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; Mexico

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Chulusium natans Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Persicaria amphibia ssp. laevimarginata (Hultén) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 152 (1974)

= Persicaria hartwrightii (A.Gray) Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 24 (1904)

= Persicaria mesochora Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 28 (-29) (1904)

= Persicaria natans (Michx.) Moldenke, Boissiera, Fasc. 7, 2 (1943)

= Persicaria nebrascensis Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1(3): 47 (1904), nom. inval.

= Persicaria rigidula (E.Sheld.) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 24, 39 (1904)

= Polygonum amphibium ssp. laevimarginatum Hultén, Acta Univ. Lund. Avd. 2, 40(1): 612 (1944)

= Polygonum amphibium var. hartwrightii (A.Gray) Bissell, Rhodora 4: 105 (1902)

= Polygonum amphibium var. natans Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michx.) 1: 240 (1803), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum amphibium var. stipulaceum N.Coleman, Cat. Fl. Pl. S. Peninsula Michigan 32 (1874)

= Polygonum coccineum var. rigidulum (E.Sheld.) Stanford, Rhodora 27: 165 (1925)

= Polygonum fluitans Eaton, Man. Bot. (A. Eaton), ed. 5. 338 (1829), et ed. 6. 274 (1833)

= Polygonum hartwrightii A.Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 294 (1870)

= Polygonum inundatum Raf., Med. Repos. 5: 359 (1808)

= Polygonum natans (Michx.) Eaton, Man. Bot. (A. Eaton), ed. 3. 400 (-401) (1822)

= Polygonum rigidulum E.Sheld., Minnes. Bot. Stud. 1: 14, t. 1 (1894)

species :

Persicaria angustifolia (Pall.) Ronse Decr.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 98: 367 (1988)

Distribution: China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol); Mongolia; Russian Far East; Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia, E-Siberia); ?Kazakhstan

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Aconogonon angustifolium (Pall.) Hara, Fl. E. Himalaya. 631 (1966), in adnot.

= Pleuropteropyrum angustifolium (Pall.) Kitag., Rep. Inst. Sc. Research Chinese Manchuria, 1: 295 (1937)

= Polygonum acidulum Willd., Enum. Hort. Berol. 429 (1809)

= Polygonum alpinum var. angustissimum Turcz.

= Polygonum angustifolium Pall., Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 230 (1776)

= Polygonum angustifolium var. pilosum M.M.Ivanova, Bot. Zhurn., 65(2): 278 (1980)

= Polygonum divaricatum f. glabrum Meisn.

= Polygonum divaricatum var. acidulum Meisn.

= Polygonum polymorphum f. glabrum Ledeb.

= Polygonum polymorphum var. angustissimum Korsh.

species :

Persicaria apoensis (Elmer) comb.ined.

Distribution: Philippines (Mindanao)

42 PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Tovara apoensis (Elmer) H.L.Li, Rhodora, 54: 25 (1952)

= Polygonum apoense Elmer, Leaflets Philipp. Bot. 8: 2796 (1915)

= Tovara virginiana var. apoensis (Elmer) Steward, Contr. Gray Herb. 5: (1930)

species :

Persicaria arifolia (L.) Haraldson; Symb. Bot. Upsal., 22(2): 72 (1978)

Name: Halberdleaf tearthumb

Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec); USA (Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin)

72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Truellum arifolium (L.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 145 (1974)

= Polygonum arifolium L., Sp. Pl. 364 (1753)

= Polygonum arifolium var. lentiforme Fernald & Griscom, Rhodora 37: 167 (1935)

= Polygonum arifolium var. pubescens (R.Keller) Fernald, Rhodora 48: 53 (1946)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. pubescens R.Keller, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 30(2): 45 (1891)

= Tasoba arifolia (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 94 (1836)

= Tracaulon arifolium (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 13 (1836)

= Tracaulon arifolium var. pubescens (R.Keller) Mohlenbr., Vasc. Fl. Illinois 293 (2015)

species :

Persicaria assamica (Meisn.) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 152 (1974)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); N-India; Myanmar; Bangladesh

36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum assamicum Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 111 (1856)

species :

Persicaria attenuata (R.Br.) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 152 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. attenuata

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum attenuatum R.Br., Prod. 420 (1810)

subspecies :

subsp. pulchra (Blume) K.L.Wilson; Kew Bull., 45(4): 629 (1990)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi); Taiwan; India; Java; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Penang, Perak, Melaka); Egypt (Nile Delta); Andaman Isl. (South Andamans); Myanmar (Mandalay, Yangon); Sri Lanka; Sumatra; Philippines (throughout); Laos; Vietnam; Thailand; Cambodia

20 EGY 36 CHI 38 TAI 40 IND SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY PHI SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum pulchrum Blume, Bijdr. 530 (1826)

= Persicaria pulchra (Blume) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

species :

Persicaria barbata (L.) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himalaya. 70 (1966)

subspecies :

subsp. barbata

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Taiwan; Ryukyu Isl.; Bhutan; India (incl. Sikkim, Jammu & Kashmir); Bangladesh; Nepal; Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland); Java; Sumatra; Iran (S-Iran); Saudi Arabia; N-Yemen; Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Waziristan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Hazara, Pakistani Punjab); +Soqotra [I]; Sudan; South Sudan; Madagascar; Andaman Isl. (South Andamans); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Bago, Magway, Mandalay); Sri Lanka; Philippines (Luzon to Mindanao); Laos; Vietnam; Thailand; Cambodia; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; Borneo

24 soc SSU SUD 29 MDG 34 IRN 35 SAU YEM 36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MOL PHI SUM 50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria kotoshoensis (Ohki) Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 169 (1928)

= Persicaria omerostroma (Ohki) Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 170 (1928)

= Pogalis barbata (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1836)

= Polygonum barbatum L., Sp. Pl. 362 (1753)

= Polygonum erythrodes Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 365 (1861)

= Polygonum fissum Blume, Bijdr. 532 (1826)

= Polygonum fluviatile Buch.-Ham. ex Endl., Gen. Suppl. 4: II. 47 (1848), et ex Hook. fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 37 (1886)

= Polygonum gramineum Noronha, Verh. Batav. Gen. 5: ed. I. Art. IV. 25 (1790)

= Polygonum kotoshoense Ohki, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 39: 262 (1925)

= Polygonum manoraene Buch.-Ham. ex Endl., Gen. Suppl. 4: II. 47 (1848)

= Polygonum marmoramae Herb.Ham. ex Hook.fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 37 (1886)

= Polygonum omerostromum Ohki, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 39: 262 (1925)

= Polygonum raptae Herb.Buch.-Ham. ex Endl., Gen. Suppl. 4: II. 47 (1848)

= Polygonum rivulare J.Koenig ex Roxb., Hort. Beng. 29 (1814), Fl. Ind. 2: 290 (1824)

= Polygonum stoloniferum Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. I. 314 (1837)

= Polygonum strigillosum Zipp. ex Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 57

variant :

var. gracilis (Danser) H.Hara; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal, 3: 175 (1982)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia; Nepal; Myanmar (Mandalay, Shan); Singapore [I]; Thailand

40 NEP 41 MYA THA 42 MLY sng

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum barbatum ssp. gracile Danser

= Persicaria barbata ssp. gracilis (Danser) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 152 (1974)

variant :

var. hirtella (Meisn.) M.A.Hassan; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon., 3(1): 81 (1996)

Distribution: Bangladesh

40 BAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum barbatum var. hirtellum Meisn.

subspecies :

subsp. stagnina (Ham. ex Meisn.) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 152 (1974)

Distribution: India; Myanmar (widespread); Pakistan (Hazara, Pakistani Punjab); Bangladesh

40 BAN IND PAK 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria stagnina (Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.) M.A.Hassan, Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon., 3(1): 82 (1996)

= Persicaria barbata var. stagnina (Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.) S.K.Dixit, Datt & G.P.Roy, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., 15(2): 313 (1991), comb. superfl.

= Persicaria barbata var. stagnina (Ham. ex Meisn.) Grierson, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 40(1): 128 (1982)

= Polygonum barbatum Wall., Cat. n. 1708 F (1830)

= Polygonum bishirae Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 102 (1857), et ex Hook. fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 37 (1886)

= Polygonum conspersum Meisn., Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 56 (1832)

= Polygonum goyalpara Herb.Ham. ex Hook.fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 37 (1886)

= Polygonum goyalparae Buch.-Ham. ex Endl., Gen. Suppl. 4: II. 47 (1848)

= Polygonum hamiltonii Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: I. 104 (1857)

= Polygonum hispidum Bab., Trans. L. Soc. 18: 100 (1841)

= Polygonum hornemanni Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 107 (1857)

= Polygonum stagninum Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn., Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 56 (1832)

= Polygonum tomentosum Wall., Cat. n. 1709/4 (1830)

species :

Persicaria benguetensis (Merr.) comb.ined.

Distribution: New Guinea

42 NWG

Synonyms: hidden

= Truellum benguetense (Merr.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 145 (1974)

= Polygonum benguetense Merr., Philipp. Journ. Sc., Bot., 10: 301 (1915)

species :

Persicaria biconvexa (Hayata) Nemoto; Fl. Jap. Suppl. 169 (1936)

Distribution: Taiwan; Sumatra

38 TAI 42 SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Truellum biconvexum (Hayata) Soják, Preslia. 46(2): 145 (1974)

= Polygonum biconvexum Hayata, Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, 25: Art. 19, 184 (1908)

= Polygonum thunbergii f. biconvexum (Hayata) T.S.Liu, S.S.Ying & M.J.Lai, Fl. Taiwan, 2: 284 (1976)

species :

Persicaria bicornis (Raf.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist. 3: 201 (1914)

Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming); Mexico (Michoacan)

73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Dioctis bicorne (Raf.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1836)

= Persicaria longistyla (Small) Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. 377 (1903)

= Polygonum bicorne Raf., Fl. Ludov. 29 (1817)

= Polygonum longistylum Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 21: 165 (1894), et Monogr. N. Am. Polygon. (Mem. Bot. Columb. Coll. i.) (1895) 78, t. 26

species :

Persicaria borneensis (Meisn.) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 152 (1974)

Distribution: Borneo

42 BOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum borneense Meisn., Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 58 (1865)

species :

Persicaria breviochreata (Makino) Ohki; Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 40: 53 (1926)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); South Korea

38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Truellum breviochreatum (Makino) Soják, Preslia. 46(2): 145 (1974)

= Persicaria ramosa Nakai, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 44: 518 (1930)

= Polygonum breviochreatum Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 17: 117 (1903)

= Polygonum muricatum Maxim. ex Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 17: 117 (1903)

species :

Persicaria bungeana (Turcz.) Nakai ex Mori; Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 131 (1922)

Name: Bunge´s smartweed

Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shandong, Shanxi); Japan [I] (Honshu [I]); North Korea; Russian Far East; Mongolia; USA [I] (Illinois [I], Iowa [I], Minnesota [I]); Germany [I]

11 ger 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 jap NKO 74 usa 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum bungeanum Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 77 (1840)

= Polygonum chanetii Lév., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 54: 370 (1907)

= Amblygonum bungeanum (Turcz.) P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 686 (2018)

species :

Persicaria bussei (Peter) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: Tanzania

25 TAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum bussei Peter, Abh. Ges. I Viss. Göttingen, n.f. 13(2): 53 (1928), in clavi, et Fedde, Repert. Beih. 40: II. Anhang, 19 (1932)

species :

Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross; Bot. Jahrh. Syst. 49: 277 (1913)

Name: Pinkhead smartweed (EN); Köpfchen-Knöterich (DE); Nudosilla (ES)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Bhutan; N-India (incl. Sikkim, Jammu & Kashmir, Jammu); Pakistan (Hazara); Sri Lanka; Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing); Nepal; Vietnam; Thailand; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Greece [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I]); Costa Rica [I]; Brazil [I]; Venezuela [I]; Colombia [I]; Mexico [I]; Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; South Africa [I] (Mpulamanga [I]); Angola [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; peninsular Malaysia (Perak [I], Pahang); Guam [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Azores [I] (Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Terceira [I], Sao Jorge [I], Pico [I], Faial [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (La Palma [I], La Gomera [I], Tenerife [I]); Hawaii [I] (East Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (California [I], Louisiana [I], Oregon [I])

12 cis por spa 13 grc 21 azo cny mdr 26 ang zim 27 saf swz 29 mau reu 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 MYA THA VIE 42 MLY 50 aus 51 nzl 62 gum 63 haw 73 usa 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos 82 clm ven 84 bra

Synonyms: hidden

= Cephalophilon capitatum (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast., 24: 76 (1987)

= Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 73 (1825)

= Polygonum repens Meisn., Wall. Cat. n. 1699 (1830)

= Truellum capitatum (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 687 (2018)

species :

Persicaria careyi (Olney) Greene; Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 24 (1904)

Name: Carey´s smartweed

Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec); USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Wisconsin)

72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum careyi Olney, Rhode Isl. Pl. 29, et ex A. Gray, Man. Bot. N. U. St. ed. I. 386 (1847)

species :

Persicaria celebica (Danser) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: Sulawesi

42 SUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum celebicum Danser, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. Ser. III. 8: 165 (1927)

species :

Persicaria changhuaensis H.W.Zhang & X.F.Jin; Nordic J. Bot. 35(3): 339 (2017)

Distribution: China (Zhejiang)

36 CHI

species :

Persicaria chinensis (L.) Nakai; Rigakkai, 24: 298 (1926)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, S-Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Tibet; Bhutan; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; South Korea; India (incl. Sikkim); Nepal; Sri Lanka; New Guinea; Jamaica [I]; peninsular Malaysia (Pahang); Singapore [I]; Vietnam; La Réunion [I]; Hawaii [I] (windward Isl. [I]); Nicobar Isl. (Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon, Shin, Taninthayi); Philippines (Batan to Mindanao); Laos; Bangladesh; Thailand; Cambodia; Sulawesi; Moluccas; Sumatra; Borneo

29 reu 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR MLY MOL NWG PHI sng SUL SUM 63 haw 81 jam

Synonyms: hidden

= Ampelygonum chinense (L.) Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1838) Misc. 62

= Cephalophilon chinense (L.) Borodina, Konsp. Sosud. Rast. Fl. V´etnama, 2: 145 (1996)

= Coccoloba cymosa Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 240 (1790)

= Coccoloba indica Wight ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 131 (1857)

= Persicaria auriculata (Meisn.) S.K.Dixit, Datt & G.P.Roy, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., 15(2): 312 (1991)

= Persicaria chinensis var. ovalifolia (Meisn.) H.Hara

= Persicaria umbellata (Houtt.) Nakai, Rigakkai, 24: No. 4. 10 (1926)

= Polygonum adenopodum Sam., Hand.-Mazz. Symbolae Sinicae, Pt. 7, 181 (1929)

= Polygonum adenotrichum Griff., Rep. Bot. Gard. Calc. 39 (1843)

= Polygonum auriculatum Meisn., Monogr. Polyg. 59. t. 6 (1826)

= Polygonum brachiatum Poir., Encyc. 4: 15 (1804)

= Polygonum chinense L., Sp. Pl. 363 (1753)

= Polygonum chinense var. brachiatum Meisn.

= Polygonum chinense var. thunbergianum Meisn., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 60 (1832)

= Polygonum chinensis var. siamensis H.Lév.

= Polygonum corymbosum var. asperum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 11: 534 (1826)

= Polygonum corymbosum var. densiflorum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 11: 534 (1826)

= Polygonum corymbosum var. puberum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 11: 534 (1826)

= Polygonum corymbosum var. subhastatum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 11: 534 (1826)

= Polygonum corymbosum Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willd.] 2(1): 452 (1799)

= Polygonum cymosum Roxb., Hort. Beng. (88) (1814), Fl. Ind. 2: 289 (1824)

= Polygonum densiflorum Blume, Bijdr. 533 (1826)

= Polygonum ovatum B.Heyne, Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 206 (1821)

= Polygonum panduriforme Buch.-Ham. ex Endl., Gen. Suppl. 4: II. 48 (1848)

= Polygonum patens D.Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 73 (1825)

= Polygonum polycephalum Wall., Cat. n. 1707 (1830)

= Polygonum sinense J.F.Gmel., Syst. 639 (1791)

= Polygonum umbellatum (Houtt.) Koidz., Acta Phytotax. & Geobot., Kyoto, 8: 51 (1939)

= Polygonum zonulatum Noronha, Verh. Batav. Gen. 5: ed. I. Art. IV. 23 (1790)

= Rumex umbellatus Houtt., Handleid. 8: 414 (1777)

variant :

var. procumbens (Z.E.Zhao & J.R.Zhao) comb.ined.

Distribution: China (Hainan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum chinense var. procumbens Z.E.Zhao & J.R.Zhao, J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 25(6): 561 (2007)

variant :

var. hispida (Hook.fil.) Kantachot; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 38: 135 (2010)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan); India; Myanmar (Chin); Laos

36 CHI 40 IND 41 LAO MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum chinense f. hispidum (Hook.fil.) Sam.

= Polygonum chinense var. hispidum Hook.fil., Fl. Brit. India 5: 45 (1886)

variant :

var. paradoxa (H.Lév.) B.Li; Phytotaxa 91(1): 24 (2013)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); Thailand

36 CHI 41 THA

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria paradoxa (H.Lév.) Kantachot, Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 38: 143 (2010)

= Polygonum chinense var. paradoxum (H.Lév.) A.J.Li, Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount., 1: 365 (1993), et Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 25(1): 57 (1998)

= Polygonum damrongianum Hosseus, Fedde, Repert. 10: 62 (1911)

= Polygonum dielsii Lév., Cat. Pl. Yunnan, 206 (1916)

= Polygonum jucundum Diels, Notes Bot. Gard. Edin. 5: 257 (1912) (non Meisn.)

= Polygonum paradoxum Lév., Fedde, Repert. Nov. Sp. 7: 339 (1909)

species :

Persicaria cliopolitana (Hance) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72(3): 159 (1997)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum cliopolitanum Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 5, 5: 238 (1866)

species :

Persicaria debilis H.Gross ex W.Lee; Lineamenta Florae Koreae 220 (1996)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); South Korea

38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Truellum debile (Meisn.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 145 (1974)

= Persicaria triangularis (Meisn.) Nakai, Rigakkwai, 29: 4: p. 12 (1926)

= Polygonum debile Steud. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 129 (1857), et Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 63 (1865)

= Polygonum debilis f. purpurea N.Yonez., J. Phytogeogr. Taxon., 33(1): 56 (1985)

= Polygonum thunbergii var. coreana H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 171 (1910)

species :

Persicaria decipiens (R.Br.) K.L.Wilson; Telopea, 3(2): 178 (1988)

Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Western Australia); New Zealand; Norfolk Isl.; Chatham Isl.; New Guinea; Philippines (Luzon); Greece [I] (incl. Kiklades [I]); Crete [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I]; São Tomé [I]; Madagascar [I]

13 grc kri 23 sao 29 mdg 34 eai 42 NWG PHI 50 AUS NFK 51 CTM NZL

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum decipiens R.Br., Prod. 420 (1810)

= Persicaria minor ssp. decipiens (R.Br.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Polygonum minus var. decipiens (R.Br.) Hook.fil., (1864)

species :

Persicaria dichotoma (Blume) S.K.Dixit, Datt & G.P.Roy; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., 15(2): 313 (1991)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, ?Guangxi, Hainan, ?Hubei); Taiwan; India (Assam); Ryukyu Isl.; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao); Vietnam; Laos; Borneo; Sumatra; Australia (Queensland, New South Wales); Java; Thailand; Myanmar; Bangladesh; Bhutan; peninsular Malaysia; Fiji [I]; Society Isl. (Tahiti, Raiatea); Madagascar; Guinea [I]

22 gui 29 MDG 36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW MLY PHI SUM 50 AUS 60 fij 61 SCI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria clarkei (C.W.Park) Galasso, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 136 (2009)

= Persicaria dichotoma (Blume) Masam., Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ. 2: No. 2, 82 (1954)

= Persicaria dichotoma var. angustissima (Hook.fil.) C.R.Jadhav & Lakshmin., Fl. Maharashtra State, Dicot. 2: 804 (2001)

= Persicaria dichotoma var. angustissima (Hook.fil.) Shao F.Chen & Bo Li, Phytotaxa 224(2): 197 (2015)

= Persicaria peduncularis (Wall. ex Meisn.) Nemoto, Fl. Jap. Suppl. 174 (1936)

= Persicaria tairae Ohwi, Journ. Jap. Bot., 13: 335 (1937)

= Polygonum barbatum Comm. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 115 (1857)

= Polygonum clarkei C.W.Park, Brittonia, 38(3): 217 (1986), nom. nov.

= Polygonum dichotomum Blume, Bijdr. 529 (1826)

= Polygonum dichotomum var. angustissima (Hook.fil.) V.Chandras., A. N. Henry, Kumari & Chithra, Fl. Tamil Nadu, India, Ser. 1, 2: 197 (1987)

= Polygonum dichotomum var. angustissimum (Hook.fil.) C.W.Park, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1, 47: 75 (1988), comb. superfl.

= Polygonum dichotomum var. assamicum (Hook.fil.) R.C.Srivast., Indian Forester 133(2): 271 (2007)

= Polygonum dichotomum var. nilagiricum (Hook.fil.) R.C.Srivast., Indian Forester 133(2): 271 (2007), comb. superfl.

= Polygonum dichotomum var. nilagiricum (Hook.fil.) V.Chandras., A. N. Henry, Kumari & Chithra, Fl. Tamil Nadu, India, Ser. 1, 2: 198 (1987)

= Polygonum dichotomum var. robustum (Hook.fil.) R.C.Srivast., Indian Forester 133(2): 272 (2007), comb. superfl.

= Polygonum dichotomum var. robustum (Hook.fil.) V.Chandras., A. N. Henry, Kumari & Chithra, Fl. Tamil Nadu, India, Ser. 1, 2: 198 (1987)

= Polygonum glabratum Meisn., Wall. Cat. n. 6285 (1832)

= Polygonum imberbe Sol. ex G.Forst., Prod. 90 (1786)

= Polygonum pedunculare var. angustissima Hook.fil.

= Polygonum pedunculare var. assamicum Hook.fil.

= Polygonum pedunculare var. nilagirica Hook.fil.

= Polygonum pedunculare var. robusta Hook.fil.

= Polygonum pedunculare Wall., Cat. n. 1718 (1830) ex Meisn., DC. Prodr. 14: 133 (1856)

= Polygonum strigosum var. angustissimum (Hook.fil.) Bole & M.R.Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 86(2): 177 (1989)

= Polygonum strigosum var. pedunculare (Wall. ex Meisn.) Steward

= Polygonum tairae Ohwi, Journ. Jap. Bot., 13: 335 (1937)

= Polygonum tetragonum Blume, Bijdr. 535 (1826)

= Spermaulaxen dichotomus (Blume) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1836), New Fl. Am. 3: 42 (1836)

= Tracaulon pedunculare (Wall. ex Meisn.) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Tracaulon tetragonum (Blume) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum dichotomum (Blume) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 145 (1974)

species :

Persicaria diospyrifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Funez & Hassemer; Nordic J. Bot. 36(1-2)-e01631: 6 (2017)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum diospyrifolium Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea, 3: 47 (1828)

species :

Persicaria dissitiflora (Hemsl.) H.Gross ex T.Mori; Enum. Pl. Corea 131 (1922)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang); South Korea; North Korea; Russian Far East; Vietnam

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Truellum dissitiflorum (Hemsl.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast., 24: 76 (1987)

= Persicaria dissitiflora var. fauriei (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Migo, J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 14: 127 (1944)

= Persicaria fauriei (Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai, Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 131 (1922)

= Polygonum dissitiflorum Hemsl., Journ. L. Soc. 26: 338 (1891)

= Polygonum fauriei Lév. & Vaniot, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 51: 423 (1904)

= Polygonum glanduliferum Nakai, Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, 23: Art. 11, 20 (1908)

species :

Persicaria eciliata M.A.Hassan; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon., 3(2): 87 (1996)

Distribution: Bangladesh (Rangamari distr.)

40 BAN

species :

Persicaria elatior (R.Br.) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum elatius R.Br., Prod. 419 (1810)

species :

Persicaria erectominor (Makino) Nakai; Rigakkai, 24: 300 (1926)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum erectominus Makino, Bot Mag., Tokyo, 28: 110 (1911)

variant :

var. trigonocarpa (Makino) Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 31: 177 (1956)

Distribution: Russian Far East; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Taiwan; Nepal; North Korea; South Korea

31 RFE 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria trigonocarpa (Makino) Nakai, Rigakkwai, 24: 12 (1926)

= Polygonum erecto-minus var. trigonocarpum (Makino) Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962)

= Polygonum leptophyllum Ohwi ex Nakai, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 45: 115 (1931)

= Polygonum minus f. trigonocarpum Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 111 (1914)

= Polygonum trigonocarpum (Makino) Kudô & Masam., Ann. Rep. Taihoku Bot. Gard., 2: 53 (1932)

species :

Persicaria extremiorientalis (Vorosch.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast., 24: 75 (1987)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Sakhalin)

31 RFE

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum extremiorientale Vorosch., Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada (Moscow), 130: 35 (1984)

species :

Persicaria ferruginea (Wedd.) Soják; Preslia, 46(2). 153 (1974)

Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe, Tucuman); Paraguay (Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes); Peru; Haiti; Dominican Republic; Cuba; Venezuela (Apure, Aragua, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Miranda, Portuguesa, Yaracuy); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Ceara, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); French Guiana; Nicaragua; Mexico (Chiapas, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Bolívar, Chocó, Córdoba, Meta, Valle); Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, Pando, Santa Cruz); Costa Rica; Honduras

79 MEX 80 COS HON NIC 81 CUB HIS 82 CLM FRG VEN 83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum argentum Brandão & Laca-B., Daphne, 5(1): 5 (1995)

= Polygonum ferrugineum Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. III. 13: 252 (1849)

= Polygonum gummifera Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. III. 13: 252 (1849)

= Polygonum spectabile var. minor Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7, App. 1: 62 (1899)

= Polygonum spectabile Mart. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 119 (1857)

species :

Persicaria filiformis (Thunb.) Nakai; Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 131 (1922), nomen

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, S-Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Russian Far East; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; South Korea; North Korea; Bhutan; India (Sikkim, Kagan, Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir); Vietnam

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 40 BHU IND 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Antenoron filiforme (Thunb.) Roberty & Vautier, Boissiera, 10: 35 (1964)

= Antenoron filiforme f. albiflorum (Makino) H.Hara ex Hiyama, J. Jap. Bot. 40: 192 (1965)

= Antenoron filiforme f. amabile (Hiyama) H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 40: 192 (1965)

= Antenoron filiforme f. smaragdinum (Nakai) H.Hara ex F.Maek., J. Jap. Bot. 40: 192 (1965)

= Antenoron filiforme f. trichorachis (Hiyama) H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 40: 192 (1965)

= Persicaria filiformis f. albiflora (Hiyama) Yonek., Fl. Jap. (Iwatsuki et al., eds.) 2a: 158 (2006)

= Polygonum filiforme Thunb., Fl. Jap. 163 (1784), et Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 377 (1784)

= Polygonum filiforme var. smaragdinum (Nakai) Ohwi ex F.Maek., Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 33: 70 (1953)

= Polygonum virginianum f. glabratum Matsuda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 11 (1913)

= Polygonum virginianum var. filiforme (Thunb.) Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 830 (1909)

= Sunania filiformis (Thunb.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 95 (1837)

= Sunania filiformis f. albiflora (Makino) H.Hara ex Hiyama, J. Jap. Bot. 37: 329 (1962)

= Sunania filiformis f. smaragdina (Nakai) H.Hara ex F.Maek., J. Jap. Bot. 37: 329 (1962)

= Sunania filiformis f. trichorachis (Hiyama) H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 37: 329 (1962)

= Tovara filiformis (Thunb.) Nakai, Rigakkai, 29: IV. p. 8 (1926)

= Tovara filiformis f. albiflora Makino ex Hiyama, J. Jap. Bot. 17: 319 (1941)

= Tovara filiformis f. amabilis Hiyama, J. Jap. Bot. 37: 329 (1962)

= Tovara filiformis f. trichorachis Hiyama, J. Jap. Bot. 36: 125 (1961)

= Tovara ryukuyuensis Masam., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 29: 60 (1939)

= Tovara smaragdina Nakai ex Maek., Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 46: 585 (1932)

= Tovara virginiana var. filiformis (Thunb.) Steward, Contr. Gray Herb. 5: 14 (1930)

variant :

var. kachinum (Nieuwl.) comb.ined.

Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); Myanmar

36 CHI 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Antenoron filiforme var. kachinum (Nieuwl.) H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 40: 192 (1965)

= Tovara filiformis var. kachina (Nieuwl.) H.L.Li

= Tovara virginiana var. kachina Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Nat. 2: 182 (1912)

species :

Persicaria foliosa (H.Lindb.) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sc. Research Chinese Manchuria, 1: 321 (1937)

Distribution: Finland; Norway; Sweden; ?Estonia; N-European Russia; Siberia (W-Siberia); North Korea; South Korea

10 FIN NOR SWE 14 RUS 30 SIB 38 KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum foliosum H.Lindb., Medded. Soc. Faun. & Fl. Fenn. 27: 3 (1900)

= Polygonum mariae V.N.Vassil., Journ. Bot. URSS, 24: 425 (1939)

variant :

var. paludicola (Makino) Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 31: 176 (1956)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Russian Far East; South Korea

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria paludicola (Makino) Nakai, Rigakkai, 24: 300 (1926)

= Polygonum foliosum var. paludicola (Makino) Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962)

= Polygonum paludicola Makino, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 28: 113 (1914)

variant :

var. nikaii (Makino) comb.ined.

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); China

36 CHI 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria nikaii (Makino) Nakai, Rigakkai, 24: 300 (1926)

= Polygonum nikaii Makino, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 28: 114 (1914)

= Polygonum paludicola var. nikaii Makino

species :

Persicaria galapagensis (Caruel) Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 134 (2009)

Distribution: Galapagos

83 GAL

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum galapagense Caruel, Rendic. Acad. Lincei, 5: 624 (1889)

species :

Persicaria geocarpica Suyama & K.Ueda; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 63(3): 135 (2013)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez; An. Inst. Segunda Ensenanza Habana, 2: 278 (1896)

Name: Yerba de hicotea, Denseflower knotweed

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia); Nicaragua; Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Jalisco, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Honduras; Jamaica; Peru; Puerto Rico; Haiti; Dominican Republic; Cuba; Antigua; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; St. Lucia; Venezuela (Amazonas, Aragua, Carabobo?, Delta Amacuro, Guarico, Merida?, Miranda, Portuguesa, Zulia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (São Paulo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Entre Rios, La Rioja, Salta, Santa Fe, Tucuman); Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Canelones, Colonia, Montevideo, Rio Negro, Rocha, San Jose, Treinta y Tres); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Colombia (Córdoba, Valle); Ecuador; Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz); Sudan; Ethiopia; Soqotra; Madagascar; Yemen (Tihama, Aden Desert, SW-Yemen, W-Yemen); Oman; Saudi Arabia; Pakistan (Sind, Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov., Punjab, Lahore); China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan); Taiwan; Ryukyu Isl.; India (Sikkim, Darjeeling, etc.); Myanmar (Chin); Philippines (Luzon); Thailand; Vietnam; Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Hawaii Isl.); Nepal; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Laos; New Guinea; Australia (Western Australia, Queensland)

24 ETH SOC SUD 29 MDG 35 OMA SAU YEM 36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN IND NEP PAK SRL 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 NWG PHI 50 AUS 63 HAW 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 HON NIC 81 ABA CUB GDL HIS JAM PUE STL 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria densiflora (Meisn.) Moldenke, Torreya, 34: 7 (1934)

= Persicaria glabra (Willd.) Borodina, Konsp. Sosud. Rast. Fl. V´etnama, 2: 148 (1996), comb. superfl.

= Persicaria glabra (Willd.) Nemoto, Rigakkai, 24: 300 (1926), comb. superfl.

= Persicaria glabra var. scabrinervis (Hook.fil.) H.Hara, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal, 3: 176 (1982)

= Persicaria portoricensis (Bertero ex Small) Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. 377 (1903)

= Polygonum acre Sieber ex Meisn., Monogr. 79 (1826)

= Polygonum acuminatum Meisn., Monogr. 78 (1826), partim

= Polygonum caucanum Fassett, Caldasia, 4: 225 (1946)

= Polygonum densiflorum Meisn., Mart. Fl. Bras. 5: II. 13 (1855)

= Polygonum glabrum var. scabrinervis Hook.fil.

= Polygonum glabrum Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 447 (1799)

= Amblygonum glabrum (Willd.) P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 686 (2018)

= Polygonum persicaria Wall., Cat. n. 1720 (1830)

= Polygonum portoricense Bertero ex Endl., Gen. Suppl. 4: II. 47 (1848)

= Polygonum quadrifidum Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 122 (1857)

= Polygonum scabrinervium Royle ex Bab., Trans. L. Soc. 18: 101 (1841)

= Polygonum serrulatum Spreng., Syst. 2: 256 (1825)

= Polygonum truncatum A.Rich., R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 182 (1850), nom. illeg.

species :

Persicaria glacialis (Meisn.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot., 53(5): 134 (1978)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; N-India (Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim); Nepal; Pakistan (Kurram, Astor)

36 CHI TIB 40 IND NEP PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria glacialis (Meisn.) Munshi & Javeid, Syst. Stud. Polygonac. Kashmir Himalaya (J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Addit. Ser. 2): 76 (1986) (isonym

= Polygonum glaciale (Meisn.) Hook.fil., Fl. Brit. India 5: 41 (1886)

= Polygonum perforatum var. glaciale Meisn., Candolle, Prodr. 14(1): 128 (1856)

= Cephalophilon glaciale (Meisn.) Qaiser & A.Perveen, Pakistan J. Bot. 43(6): 2765 (2011)

variant :

var. przewalskii (A.K.Skvortsov & Borodina) M.J.Kong & S.P.Hong; Phytotaxa 391(3): 179 (2019)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; India

36 CHI TIB 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum glaciale var. przewalskii (A.K.Skvortsov & Borodina) A.J.Li, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin., 25(1): 64 (1998)

= Polygonum przewalskii A.K.Skvortsov & Borodina, Rast. Tsentral. Azii, 9: 106 (1989)

species :

Persicaria glandulo-pilosa (De Wild.) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola

23 ZAI 26 ANG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum glandulo-pilosum De Wild., Contrib. Fl. Katanga, Suppl. 3, 108 (1930)

species :

Persicaria glomerata (Dammer) S.Ortiz & Paiva; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 131(2): 171 (1999)

Distribution: Nigeria; W-Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Malawi; Angola

22 NGA 23 CMN CON ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum glomeratum Dammer, Fedde, Repert. 15: 386 (1919)

= Truellum glomeratum (Dammer) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 146 (1974)

species :

Persicaria greuteriana Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 135 (2009)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); N-Thailand; India (Sikkim)

36 CHI 40 IND 41 THA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum wallichii Meisn., Monogr. Polyg. 83 (1826)

species :

Persicaria hastatosagittata (Makino) Nakai ex Mori; Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 132 (1922)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Tibet; Russian Far East; South Korea; North Korea; Japan (Honshu, Kyushu)

31 RFE 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Truellum hastatosagittatum (Makino) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 146 (1974)

= Persicaria korshinskiana (Nakai) Nakai, Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, No. 31, 33 (1952) (korschinskiana)

= Persicaria ussuriensis (Regel & Maack) Nakai, Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 134 (1922)

= Polygonum cavaleriei Lév., Fedde, Repert. Nov. Sp. 8: 172 (1910)

= Polygonum hastato-sagittatum Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 17: 119 (1903)

= Polygonum korshinskianum Nakai, Journ. Coll. Sc. Tokyo, 31: 169 (1911)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. ussuriense Regel & Maack, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg, Ser. 7 4: 126 (1861)

= Polygonum strigosum var. hastatosagittatum (Makino) Steward, Contr. Gray Herb. 5: 90 (1930)

= Polygonum ussuriensis (Regel & Maack) Nakai, Ic. Pl. Koisikav. 4: 49, t. 237 (1919) ex Mori

= Truellum korshinskianum (Nakai) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 146 (1974)

species :

Persicaria hirsuta (Walter) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 379 (1903)

Name: Hairy smartweed

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina)

78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Mitesia hirsuta Raf., New Fl. Am. 48 (1836), Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1838)

= Polygonum hirsutum Walter, Fl. Carol. 132 (1788)

species :

Persicaria hispida (Kunth) M.Gómez; An. Inst. Segunda Ensenanza Habana, 2: 278 (1896)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Córdoba); Peru; Costa Rica; Nicaragua; Honduras; Ecuador; Bolivia (Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Guarico, Miranda, Monagas, Zulia); N-Brazil; NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Piauí, Ceara, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); Panama; Cuba; Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Sinaloa); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Tucuman); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Central, Cordillera, Pres. Hayes)

79 MEX 80 COS HON NIC PAN 81 CUB 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum hispidum Kunth, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 178 (1817)

species :

Persicaria hosseusii Lév.; Fedde, Repert. 11: 496 (1913)

Distribution: Thailand

41 THA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Persicaria huananensis (A.J.Li) B.Li; Phytotaxa 91(1): 24 (2013)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum huananense A.J.Li, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 15(4): 413-414 (1995)

species :

Persicaria humboldtiana Funez & Hassemer; Phytotaxa 490(1): 61 (2021)

Distribution: Brazil (Santa Catarina)

84 BRA

species :

Persicaria humilis (Meisn.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot., 53(5): 134 (1978)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); Bhutan; India (Sikkim, ?Kashmir); Nepal

36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: probably in Cephalophilon

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum humile Meisn., Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 59 (1832)

= Cephalophilon humile (Meisn.) Qaiser & A.Perveen, Pakistan J. Bot. 43(6): 2765 (2011)

= Polygonum perforatum Wall., Cat. n. 1700 (1830)

species :

Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vig. 10: 536 (1841)

subspecies :

subsp. hydropiper

Name: Wasserpfeffer, Marshpepper knotweed

Distribution: Albania; Austria; Belgium; Luxembourg; England; Channel Isl.; Bulgaria; Corsica; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; East Aegaean Isl.; Ireland; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Netherlands; Spain; Hungary; Italy; Macedonia; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia & Kosovo; Portugal; Malta; Norway; Poland; Romania; Sicily; Sweden; Algeria; Morocco; Azores (Sao Jorge); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); European Turkey; Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Parwan, Takhar); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; W-European Russia; N-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Crimea; Belarus; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia); Russian Far East; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Mongolia; China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Tibet; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; South Korea; North Korea; Bhutan; India (incl. Jammu & Kashmir); Bangladesh; Sri Lanka; Nepal; Java; peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan); Singapore [I]; Pakistan (Punjab, Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Gilgit); Andaman Isl. (South Andamans); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon); Philippines (Luzon); Vietnam; Thailand; Sulawesi; Australia (Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Hahajima); South Africa [I]; New Zealand [I]; Chile [I]; St. Pierre and Miquelon [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I], Alabama [I]); Alaska [I]; USA [I] (Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I])

Gunung Pulai and near Batu Pahat 42 10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS COR FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR 21 AZO MDR 27 saf 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG EAI IRN LEB TUR 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS OGA TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 AND MYA NCB THA VIE 42 JAW MLY PHI sng SUL 50 AUS 51 nzl 70 ask 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 85 cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria acris Gilib., Exercit. 2: 431 (1792)

= Persicaria erecto-minor (Makino) Nakai var.koreensis (Nakai) Ito

= Persicaria hydropiper ssp. hispida (Hook.f) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Persicaria hydropiper ssp. laetivirens (Makino) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Persicaria hydropiper ssp. maximowiczii (Reg.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Persicaria hydropiper var. angustifolia (A.Braun) Kitag., Neo-Lineam. Fl. Manshur.: 233 (1979)

= Persicaria hydropiper var. fastigiata (Makino) Araki, Amatores Herb. 8: 31 (1939)

= Persicaria hydropiper var. longistachya (Y.L.Chang & S.X.Li) Kitag., Neo-Lineam. Fl. Manshur.: 233 (1979)

= Persicaria hydropiper var. maximowiczii Nemoto

= Persicaria koreensis (Nakai) Nakai, Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 132 (1922)

= Persicaria koreensis f. viridiflora (Y.L.Chang & S.X.Li) Kitag., Neo-Lineam. Fl. Manshur.: 234 (1979)

= Persicaria maximowiczii (Nemoto) Nakai, Rigakkai, 24: 300 (1926)

= Persicaria urens Garsault, Fig. Pl. Anim. Med. t. 447 (1764), Descr. Pl. Anim. 266 (1767), Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. 8: 903

= Persicaria vernalis Nakai, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 43: 455 (1929)

= Peutalis hydropiper (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Polygonum acre Lam., Fl. Fr. 3: 234 (1779)

= Polygonum flaccidum var. hispidum Hook.fil.

= Polygonum glandulosum Poir., Encyc. 6: 149 (1804)

= Polygonum gracile Salisb., Prod. 259, R. Br. Prod. 419 (1796)

= Polygonum hecasanthum Schur, Enum. Pl. Trans. 585

= Polygonum hidropiper Neck., Delic. Gallo Belg. 1: 185

= Polygonum hydopiper var. vulgaris (Meisn.) Ohwi

= Polygonum hydropiper L., Sp. Pl. 361 (1753)

= Polygonum hydropiper ssp. megalocarpum Danser, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 8: 188 (1927)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. angustifolium A.Braun

= Polygonum hydropiper var. diffusa Kitag.

= Polygonum hydropiper var. laetivirens Makino

= Polygonum hydropiper var. longistachyum Y.L.Chang & S.X.Li

= Polygonum hydropiper var. projectum Stanford, Rhodora 29: 86 (1927)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. vulgare Meisn., Prodr. (DC.) 14: 109 (1857)

= Polygonum koreense f. viridiflorum S.X.Li & Y.L.Chang

= Polygonum koreense Nakai, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 33: 6 (1919)

= Polygonum maximowiczii Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 14 (1864)

= Polygonum mite Wall., Cat. n. 1721 (1830). partim

= Polygonum obtusifolium Schur, Verh. Siebenb. Ver. Naturw. 4: 64 (1853)

= Polygonum oleraceum Schur, Enum. Pl. Transs. 585 (1866)

= Polygonum schinzii J.Schust., Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. 8: 711 (1908)

= Polygonum vayredae Sennen, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 63: 134 (1917), nomen (1916)

= Polygonum vernale (Nakai) Makino & Nemoto, Fl. Jap. ed. 2, 265 (1931)

variant :

var. densiflora (A.Braun) Akeroyd; Contr. Bot. Univ. "Babes-Bolyai" Cluj-Napoca 48: 16 (2013)

Distribution:

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum hydropiper var. densiflorum A.Braun

subspecies :

subsp. microcarpa (Danser) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: Pakistan (Swat)

40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum hydropiper ssp. microcarpum Danser

species :

Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 378 (1803)

Name: Swamp smartweed

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec); Alaska; USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin); Costa Rica; Panama; Galapagos; Peru; Bahamas; Cayman Isl.; Cuba; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Nicaragua; Surinam; Guyana; French Guiana; Ecuador; Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Jujuy, La Pampa, Mendoza, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman); Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Chile (Tarapaca, Atacama, Valparaiso, O´Higgins, Maule, Bio Bio, Araucania, Los Lagos, Reg. Metropolitana); Juan Fdz. Isl.; Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Central, Cordillera, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Colonia, Paysandu, Rocha); Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz); Venezuela (Amazonas, Delta Amacuro, Monagas); NE-Brazil (Ceara, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); Belize; Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Honduras; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Meta); Tonga [I] (´Eua [I], Nomuka [I], Vava´u [I]); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Sao Jorge, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Azerbaijan [I]; Russian Far East [I]; Nepal [I]

21 AZO 31 rfe 33 aze 40 nep 60 ton 70 ASK 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS HON NIC PAN 81 BAH CAY CUB HIS PUE 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE JNF PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria hydropiperoides var. breviciliata (Fernald) C.F.Reed, Phytologia, 50(7): 461 (1982)

= Persicaria hydropiperoides var. bushiana (Stanford) Mohlenbr., Vasc. Fl. Illinois 501 (2015), et Phytoneuron 2015-67: 3 (2015)

= Persicaria hydropiperoides var. euronotorum (Fernald) C.F.Reed, Phytologia, 50(7): 461 (1982)

= Persicaria hydropiperoides var. opelousana (Riddell ex Small) J.S.Wilson

= Persicaria hydropiperoides var. strigosa (Small) G.Wilh. & Rericha, Michigan Bot. 55(3-4): 95 (2016)

= Persicaria opelousana (Riddell ex Small) Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. 378 (1903)

= Persicaria opelousana var. adenocalyx Stanford

= Persicaria paludicola Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 457 (1933)

= Persicaria persicarioides (Kunth) Small, Fl. S E. U. S. 378 (1903)

= Polygonum australe Thiéb.-Bern. ex Pers., Syn. Pl. [Pers.] 1: 440 (1805)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides f. leucochranthum A.H.Moore, Rhodora 16: 129 (1914)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides f. strigosum (Small) Stanford, Rhodora 28: 26 (1926)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx., Fl. Boreau Am. 1: 239 (1803)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides ssp. opelousanum (Riddell) W.Stone, Pl. S. New Jersey 422 (1912)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides ssp. setaceum Dalci, Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ankara, Ser. C, Sci. Nat. 18C: 148 (1974)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. adenocalyx (Stanford) Gleason, Phytologia 4: 23 (1952)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. asperifolium Stanford, Rhodora 28: 27 (1926)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. breviciliatum Fernald, Rhodora 42: 448 (1940)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. bushianum Stanford, Rhodora 28: 27 (1926)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. digitatum Fernald, Rhodora 23: 260 (1922)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. euronotorum Fernald, Rhodora 47(556): 137 (-138

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. macerum Stanford, Rhodora 28: 26 (1926)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. macouni Small

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. opelousanum (Riddell ex Small) W.Stone

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. persicarioides (Kunth) Stanford, Rhodora 28: 27 (1926)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. psilostachyum H.St.John, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: 71 (1921)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. sanibelense Stanford, Rhodora 28: 27 (1926)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. strigosum Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 19: 355 (1892)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. virgatum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Meisn., DC., Prodr. 14(1): 103 (1856)

= Polygonum minus Aiton ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 103 (1857)

= Polygonum opelousana Riddell ex Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29: 354 (1892), et Monogr. N. Am. Polygon. (Mem. Bot. Columb. Coll. i.) (1895) 78. t. 16

= Polygonum opelousanum var. adenocalyx Stanford, Rhodora 28: 28 (1926)

= Polygonum persicarioides Kunth, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 179 (1817)

= Polygonum punctatum Schwein. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 103 (1857)

= Polygonum rivulare Phil., Linnaea. 30: 1859 199 (1860)

= Polygonum scabridum Willd. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 117 (1857)

= Polygonum tarmense Ruiz ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 117 (1857)

= Polygonum virgatum Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea, 3: 45 (1828)

species :

Persicaria hystricula (J.Schust.) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Namibia; Botswana; Angola

26 ANG 27 BOT NAM SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria utriculosa (Tikovsky) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 155 (1974)

= Polygonum hystriculum J.Schust., Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. 8: 705 (1908)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. glabrum Burtt Davy

= Polygonum utriculosum Tikovsky, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München, Heft 8, 342 (1953)

species :

Persicaria imeretina (Kom.) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum imeretinum Kom., Fl. URSS, 5: 652, 722 (1936)

species :

Persicaria japonica (Meisn.) Nakai; Rigakkai, 24: 300 (1926)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Tibet; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; North Korea; South Korea

36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria pseudojaponicum (Ohki) Sasaki, List Pl. Formosa (Sasaki) 170 (1928)

= Polygonum japonicum Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 112 (1856)

= Polygonum japonicum var. densiflorum Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: 63 (1908)

= Polygonum japonicum var. grandiflorum Meisn.

= Polygonum japonicum var. salicifolium Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: 64 (1908)

= Polygonum myosurus Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, Ser. II 10: 73 (1888)

= Polygonum pseudojaponicum Ohwi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 263 (1925)

= Persicaria japonica var. scabrida (Steward) Yonek., J. Jap. Bot. 87(3): 162 (2012)

species :

Persicaria javanica (Bruyn) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: Java

42 JAW

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum javanicum Bruyn, Miq. Pl. Jungh. 303 (1854)

species :

Persicaria jucunda (Meisn.) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72(3): 159 (1997)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria hangchouensis Ohki ex Migo, Journ. Shanghai Sc. Inst. Sect. III. 4: 143 (1939)

= Polygonum hangchouense Matsuda, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 27: 9 (1913)

= Polygonum jucundum Meisn., Monogr. Polyg. 71 (1826)

species :

Persicaria kawagoeana (Makino) Nakai; Rigakkai, 24: 300 (1926)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; ?Tibet; Bhutan; India (Sikkim); Japan (Honshu, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; ?Nepal; Sumatra

36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 BHU IND 42 SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria minor ssp. micrantha (Meisn.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Persicaria minor ssp. procera (Danser) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Polygonum kawagoeanum Makino, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 28: 115 (1914)

= Polygonum micranthum Meisn., Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 59 (1865)

= Polygonum minus ssp. micranthum (Meisn.) Danser

= Polygonum minus ssp. procerum Danser

= Polygonum minus var. procerum (Danser) Steward

= Polygonum tenellum var. kawagoeanum (Makino) Murata, Acta Phytotax. Geobot, 26(3-4): 88 (1974)

= Polygonum tenellum var. micranthum (Meisn.) C.Y.Wu

species :

Persicaria lanata (Roxb.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast., 25: 186 (1988)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan); Taiwan; Bhutan; India (incl. Sikkim); peninsular Malaysia; Thailand; Vietnam; Myanmar; Nepal; Bangladesh; European Russia [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]

14 rus 33 ncs 36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 MYA THA VIE 42 MLY

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria lanata (Roxb.) M.A.Hassan, Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon., 3(1): 81 (1996), comb. superfl.

= Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. lanata (Roxb.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia var. lanata (Roxb.) H.Hara, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal, 3: 176 (1982)

= Polygonum lanatum Roxb., Hort. Beng. 29 (1814), Fl. Ind. 2: 285 (1832)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. lanatum (Roxb.) Steward, Contr. Gray Herb., n. s., 5(88): 46 (1930)

species :

Persicaria lankeshanensis T.J.Liang & Bo Li; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 21(2): 148 (2014)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

species :

Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 270 (1821)

subspecies :

subsp. lapathifolia

Name: Ampfer-Knöterich, Curlytop knotweed

Distribution: Albania; Austria; Belgium; Luxembourg; Baleares; England; Channel Isl.; Bulgaria; Corsica; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Denmark; Faeroe Isl.; Finland; France; Germany; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; East Aegaean Isl.; Ireland; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Netherlands; Spain; Hungary; Italy; Iceland; Macedonia; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia & Kosovo; Portugal; Andorra; Malta; Norway; Poland; Romania; Sardinia; Sicily; Sweden; Tunisia; Algeria; Morocco; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, S-Cyprus); European Turkey; Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, Negev Desert, N-Israel); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert); N-Yemen; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; W-European Russia; N-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Crimea; Belarus; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia); Russian Far East; Turkmenistan; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Mongolia; China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Tibet; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); South Korea; North Korea; India (Ladakh, Nubra, Jammu & Kashmir); Bangladesh; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov., Dir, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Gilgit, Baltistan, Astor); Philippines; Myanmar; Nepal; Vietnam; Java; Thailand; Fed. States of Micronesia (Woleai, Ifalik, Lamotrek, Namonuito, Truk, Moen, Udot, Shiki Isl., Lukunor, Satawan); Guam; Palau (Peleliu, Angaur); New Zealand [I]; Australia (Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); Greenland; St. Pierre and Miquelon; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Labrador, N. W. T., Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); Alaska; USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Chile [I]; Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]; Argentina [I]; Paraguay [I]; Mexico [I]; Uruguay [I]; Bolivia [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Namibia [I]; Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; Botswana [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Madagascar [I]

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 AZO MDR 26 zim 27 bot nam saf swz 29 mdg 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR LEB SYR TUR 35 YEM 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BAN IND NEP PAK 41 MYA THA VIE 42 JAW PHI 50 AUS 51 nzl 62 GUM MIC PLU 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 mex 83 bol 85 arg cle jnf par uru

Synonyms: hidden

= Dioctis vernum Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1837)

= Discolenta lapathifolia (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1837)

= Discolenta scabra Raf., New Fl. Am. 4: 48 (1836)

= Persicaria hypanica (Klokov) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast., 25: 186 (1988)

= Persicaria incarnata Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. 377 (1903)

= Persicaria komarovii (Lév.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia f. alba Y.N.Lee, Fl. Korea (Lee) 1156 (1996)

= Persicaria lapathifolia f. baumgarteniana (Schur) Dostál, Folia Mus. Rer. Nat. Bohem. Occid., Bot., 21: 5 (1984)

= Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. andrzejowskiana (Klokov) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. hypanica (Klokov) Soják, Preslia. 46(2): 15:3 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. klokovii Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974), nom. nov.

= Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. mesomorpha (Danser) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. oligoclada (Danser) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. saporoviensis (Klokov) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. syringifolia (Dans.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. turgida (Thuill.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia var. incana (Roth) S.Ekman & Knutsson, Nord. J. Bot. 14: 24 (1994)

= Persicaria lapathifolia var. nodosa (Pers.) Qaiser, Fl. Pakistan 205: 32 (2001)

= Persicaria lapathifolia var. salicifolia Miyabe, J. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 26 (4): 522 (1934)

= Persicaria lapathifolia var. tomentosa (Schrank) Tzvelev, Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal´nego Vostoka, 4: 70 (1989)

= Persicaria maculata Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 270 (1821)

= Persicaria mesomorpha (Danser) Büscher & G.H.Loos, Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 126 (2010)

= Persicaria nodosa (Pers.) Opiz, Seznam, 72 (1852)

= Persicaria oneillii Brenckle, Phytologia, 2: 405 (1948)

= Persicaria pseudonodosa (Ohki) Sasaki, List Pl. Formosa (Sasaki) 170 (1928)

= Persicaria saporoviensis (Klokov) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast., 25: 186 (1988)

= Persicaria tenuiflora (C.Presl) Hara, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 48: 893 (1934)

= Persicaria tomentosa (Schrank) E.P.Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 36: 453 (1909)

= Persicaria turgida (Thuill.) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., 11(1): 83 (1976)

= Persicaria vaniotiana Lév., Fedde, Repert 11: 496 (1913)

= Peutalis nodosa Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Peutalis scabra (Moench) Raf., New Fl. Am. 4: 48 (1836)

= Pleuropteropyrum ochreatum Nakai, Rigakkwai, 24: 296 (1926)

= Pogalis tomentosa Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1836)

= Polygonum adenophorum Spreng., Syst. 2: 258 (1825)

= Polygonum andrzejowskianum Klokov, Fl. RSS Ucr. 4: 653 (1952)

= Polygonum barbatum Thunb., Prod. Pl. Cap. 77 (1794)

= Polygonum baumgartenianum Schur, Enum. Pl. Trans. 584

= Polygonum bioritsuense Ohki, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 259 (1925)

= Polygonum decumbens Schur, Verh. Siebenb. Ver. Naturw. 4: 64 (1853)

= Polygonum eurybelonum Danser, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl., 18: 137, 188 (1921)

= Polygonum euryphyllum Danser, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl., 18: 138, 191 (1921)

= Polygonum ferrugineum var. patagonicum (Speg.) Macloskie

= Polygonum glabrum Hort. ex Rchb., Pl. Crit. 5: 59

= Polygonum glandulosum Kit., Linnaea 34: 363 (1863)

= Polygonum hypanicum Klokov, Fl. RSS Ucr. 4: 652 (1952)

= Polygonum incarnatum Elliott, Sketch, 1: 456 (1817)

= Polygonum komarovii Lév., Fedde, Repert. Nov. Sp. 8: 171 (1910)

= Polygonum lanceifolium Danser, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl., 18: 137, 180 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolia var. tomentosa (Schrank) Tzvelev

= Polygonum lapathifolium L., Sp. Pl.: 360 (1753)

= Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. maculatum (Gray) Dyer & Trimen, J. Bot. 9: 36 (1871)

= Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. neglectum J.Schust., Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 2: 56 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. nodosum (Pers.) Fr., Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 2: 25 (1939), comb. superfl.

= Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. nodosum (Pers.) Schübl. & G.Martens, Fl. Würtemberg.- 257 (1834)

= Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. oligocladum Danser

= Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. punctatum (Gremli) J.Schust., Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 2: 56 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. tomentosum (Schrank) Danser, Recueil Trav. Bot. Neerl. 18: 136 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. verum J.Schust., Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 2: 54 (1907) (nom. inval.)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. nodosum (Pers.) Hook.fil., Fl. Brit. India [Hook. fil.] 5(13): 35 (1886)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. nodosum (Pers.) Small, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 5(Sig. 10): 140 (1894), comb. superfl.

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. ovatum A.Braun

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. prostratum Wimm.

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. xanthophyllum H.W.Kung

= Polygonum lonchophyllum Danser, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl., 18: 138, 192 (1921)

= Polygonum maculatum Krock., Fl. Siles. Suppl. 2: 72 (1823) nom. illeg., non Raf. 1817

= Polygonum mesomorphum Danser, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 192t, 18: 139, 200

= Polygonum nodosum Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 440 (1805)

= Polygonum nutans Roxb., Hort. Beng. 29 (1814), Fl. Ind. 2: 285 (1832)

= Polygonum obtusatum Steud. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 118 (1857)

= Polygonum ochreatum Houtt., Handleid. 8: 467. t. 49, f. 1

= Polygonum oligocladum Danser, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl., 18: 137, 187 (1921)

= Polygonum pallens Pers., Syn. 1: 439 (1805)

= Polygonum paniculatum Andrz. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 118 1862 non Blume (1826)

= Polygonum patulum Hort. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 119 (1857)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum var. oneillii (Brenckle) Hultén

= Polygonum persicaria var. incanum Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 2: 53 (1789)

= Polygonum persicaria var. vernicosum Cham. & Schltdl.

= Polygonum polymorphum f. pilosum Takeda

= Polygonum punctatum Krock., Fl. Siles. Suppl. 2: 57 (1823)

= Polygonum pyramidale Lév., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 54: 370 (1907)

= Polygonum saporoviense Klokov, Fl. RSS Ucr. 4: 652 (1952)

= Polygonum semidanubiale Danser, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl., 18: 140 (1921)

= Polygonum semilanceifolium Danser, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl., 18: 140 (1921)

= Polygonum semilatum Danser, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl., 18: 138, 189 (1921)

= Polygonum semisyringifolium Danser, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl., 18: 140 (1921)

= Polygonum simlense Royle ex Bab., Trans. L. Soc. 18: 102 (1841)

= Polygonum somphocarpum Bruyn, Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 1: 506 (1848)

= Polygonum spectabile var. patagonica Speg.

= Polygonum stenobelonum Danser, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl., 18: 138, 189 (1921)

= Polygonum syringifolium Danser, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl., 18: 136, 178 (1921)

= Polygonum tenuiflorum J.Presl, J. Presl & J. Presl, Delic. Prag.: 67 (1822)

= Polygonum tomentosum Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 669 (1789)

= Polygonum turgidum Thuill., Fl. Par. ed. II. 1: 199

= Polygonum utriculatum Remy, Gay, Fl. Chil. 4: 267 (1849)

= Polygonum vaniotianum Lév., Cat. Pl. Yunnan, 208 (1916)

= Polygonum vernum Raf., Fl. Ludov. 30 (1817)

= Polygonum viscosum Bastard ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 119 (1857)

variant :

var. lanigera (R.Br.) Chantar. & Tubtimtong; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 29: 35 (2001)

Distribution: Australia [I] (Victoria [I]); Pakistan (Peshawar, Punjab); Egypt (Desert Oases, Nile Delta); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley); Benin [I]; Bhutan; India (Sikkim); Philippines (Luzon); Laos

20 EGY 22 ben 34 ISR 40 BHU IND PAK 41 LAO 42 PHI 50 aus

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria lanigera (R.Br.) Soják, Preslia 46: 153 (1974)

= Polygonum arachnoideum Klotzsch ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 117 (1857) et ex Hook. fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 35 (1886)

= Polygonum glutinosum Wall., Cat. n. 1717 (1830)

= Polygonum lanigerum R.Br., Prodr.: 419 (1810)

variant :

var. salicifolia (Sibth.) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 687 (2018)

36 CHI 38 TAI 40 IND 41 MYA 42 JAW

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum incanum Willd.

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. incanum (Willd.) W.D.J.Koch

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. salicifolium Sibth., Fl. Oxon. 129 (1794)

= Polygonum nodosum var. incanum Ledeb.

subspecies :

subsp. brittingeri (Opiz) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

Name: Ufer-Knöterich

Distribution: C-Europe (Rhine & Donau valleys); Germany; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Croatia; Austria; Greece; East Aegaean Isl.; European Russia; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Russian Far East [I]; Kazakhstan; Tajikistan; Iran; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Logar, Nangarhar, Parwan, Takhar)

11 AUT CZE GER SLO 13 CRO GRC 14 RUS 31 rfe 32 KAZ TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG EAI IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria brittingeri (Opiz) Opiz, Lotos, 4: 42 (1854)

= Polygonum brittingeri Opiz, Natural. 8: 74 (1824)

= Polygonum danubiale A.Kern., Österr. Bot. Zeitschr. 25: 255 (1875)

= Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. brittingeri (Opiz) Rech.fil., Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. ed. 2, 3: 416 (1958)

subspecies :

subsp. glandulosa (R.Br.) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: India

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria glandulosa (R.Br.) Nakai & Ohwi, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 40: 52 (1926)

= Polygonum glandulosum Subba Rao, Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 5: 257 (1964)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. sarbhanganicum (Subba Rao) R.C.Srivast., Indian Forester 134(12): 1699 (2008)

= Polygonum sarbhanganicum Subba Rao, Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 6: 106 (1965)

subspecies :

subsp. leptoclada (Danser) Wissk.; Wisskirchen & H. Haeupler, Standardliste Farn- und Blütenpfl. Deutschl.: 357 (1998)

Distribution: Germany

11 GER

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. leptocladum Danser, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl., 18: 139, 197 (1921)

subspecies :

subsp. linicola (Sutulov) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast., 32: 184 (2000)

Distribution: European Russia; Belarus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Siberia (W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I]; Kazakhstan; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania

14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ 33 GEO

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria linicola (Sutulov) Nenukow, Sitz. Naturf.-Ges. Tartu, 34: 156 (1927) ex Büscher & G. H. Loos, Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins (2010)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. linicola (Sutulov) S.Ekman & Knutsson, Nordic J. Bot., 14(1): 24 (1994)

= Polygonum linicola Sutulov, Maevskii, Fl. Srednei Rossii, ed. 5, 553 (1917)

subspecies :

subsp. pallida (With.) S.Ekman & Knutsson; Nordic J. Bot., 14(1): 24 (1994)

Distribution: Austria; Luxembourg; Belgium; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Denmark; Spain; Finland; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Norway; Poland; Romania; Slovenia; Serbia & Kosovo; Sweden; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Germany; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; East Aegaean Isl.; European Russia (widespread); Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia); Russian Far East; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Ukraine; Moldova; Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; W-Asia; Iran; Mexico [I]; Russian Far East; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

10 DEN FIN IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX POL SLO 12 SPA 13 BIH GRC ITA KRI ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 EAI IRN 38 JAP 79 mex

Remarks: lapathifolium agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria pallida (With.) Büscher & G.H.Loos, Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins (2010)

= Persicaria scabra (Moench) Moldenke, Phytologia 12: 479 (1966)

= Persicaria scabra var. amurica Tzvelev, Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal´nego Vostoka, 4: 71 (1989)

= Persicaria scabra var. incana (F.W.Schmidt) Tzvelev, Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal´nego Vostoka, 4: 71 (1989)

= Polygonum divaricatum Poir., Encyc. 6: 148 (1804)

= Polygonum incanum F.W.Schmidt, Fl. Boem. lnch. 4: 90 (1794) (nom. illeg.)

= Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. pallidum (With.) Fr., Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. 2: 24 (1839)

= Polygonum pallidum With., Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 3, 2: 381 (1796)

= Polygonum parviflorum Gromov, Trud. Obshch. Nauk Khark. Univ. 1: 145 (1817)

= Polygonum scabrum Moench, Methodus: 629 (1794)

species :

Persicaria leblebicii (Yild.) Raus; Willdenowia 44(2): 293 (2014)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum leblebicii Yild., Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 18(1): 6 (2011)

species :

Persicaria lii Kitag.; Journ. Jap. Bot. 40: 55 (1965)

Distribution: NE-China

36 CHI

Remarks: status doubtful, not listed in Fl. of China

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum procumbens Y.L.Chang & S.X.Li, Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Boreau-Or. 2: 47, 108 (1959)

= Polygonum pronum C.F.Fang, Fl. Liaoningica, chief ed. S. X. Li, 1: 335 (1988), nom. nov.

species :

Persicaria limbata (Meisn.) Hara; Fl. E. Himalaya. 71 (1966)

Distribution: Senegal; Mali; Guinea; Burkina Faso; Mali; N-Nigeria; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Congo [Brazzaville]; Benin; SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Cameroon; Uganda; Tanzania; SW-Angola; Nepal; India; Bangladesh; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, N-Cape Prov.); Namibia; Botswana; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai)

20 EGY 22 BEN BKN GUI MLI NGA SEN 23 CMN CON ZAI 24 CHA SSU SUD 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF 34 SIN 40 BAN IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria amboana (Fedde) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 152 (1974)

= Polygonum amboanum Fedde, Fedde, Repert. 9: 493 (1911)

= Polygonum limbatum Meisn., A. DC., Prodr. 14: 123 (1856)

= Polygonum piliferum Tikovsky, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München, Heft 8, 341 (1953)

= Polygonum schinzii C.H.Wright, Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 6: I. 108 (1909), et Kew Bull., 187 (1909)

species :

Persicaria limicola (Sam.) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72(3): 159 (1997)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, ?Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum limicola Sam., Symb. Sin. 7(2): 178-179 (1929)

species :

Persicaria longiflora (Courchet) Borodina; Konsp. Sosud. Rast. Fl. V´etnama, 2: 149 (1996)

Distribution: N-Vietnam

41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum longiflorum Courchet, Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine, 5: 31 (1910)

species :

Persicaria longiseta (Bruyn) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sc. Research Chinese Manchuria, 1: 322 (1937)

Name: Oriental lady´s thumb

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, ?Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; India (incl. Jammu & Kashmir); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Peshawar, N. W. Frontier Prov., Hazara, Murree, Pakistani Punjab, Dir, Swat, Gilgit); South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); North Korea; peninsular Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Russian Far East; Java; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Nebraska [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I])

31 RFE 33 geo 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 40 IND NEP PAK 41 MYA 42 JAW MLY 71 cdn 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa 77 usa 78 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria blumei (Meisn.) H.Gross ex Nakai, Veg. Isl. Quelpaert. 40 (1914), et Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37: II. 111 (1919)

= Persicaria buisanensis (Ohki) Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 168 (1928)

= Persicaria caespitosa var. longiseta (Bruyn) C.F.Reed, Phytologia, 63(5): 410 (1987)

= Persicaria gentiliana Lév., Fedde, Repert. 13: 338 (1914)

= Persicaria longiseta f. breviseta (Meisn.) W.Lee, Lineamenta Florae Koreae 225 (1996)

= Persicaria roseoviridis Kitag., Rep. Inst. Sc. Research Chinese Manchuria, 1: 321 (1937)

= Polygonum blumei Meisn., Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 57 nom. illeg. (1865)

= Polygonum buisanense Ohki, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 39: 259 (1925)

= Polygonum caespitosum var. longisetum (Bruyn) Steward

= Polygonum erecto-minor var. roseoviridis (Kitag.) Ito

= Polygonum gentilianum Lév., Cat. Pl. Yunnan, 207 (1916)

= Polygonum interruptum Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Boreau 58 (1833)

= Polygonum kinashii Lév. & Vaniot, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 51: 422

= Polygonum longisetum Bruyn, Miq. Pl. Jungh. 307 (1854)

= Polygonum martini Lév. & Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 11: 340 (1902)

= Polygonum posumbu var. blumei (Meisn.) Herder

= Polygonum roseoviride (Kitag.) S.X.Li & Y.L.Chang, Fl. Plant. Herb. Chinae bor.-or., 2: 46 (1959)

= Polygonum roseoviride var. manshuricola (Kitag.) C.F.Fang, Fl. Liaoningica, chief ed. S. X. Li, 1: 334 (1988)

variant :

var. rotundata (A.J.Li) B.Li; Phytotaxa 91(1): 24 (2013)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, ?Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Mongolia; Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia); Russian Far East

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI TIB 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria chrtekii (Soják) Czerep., Sosud. Rast. SSSR: 401 (1981)

= Persicaria sungareensis Kitag., Journ. Jap. Bot. 19: 62 (1943)

= Polygonum barbatum var. gracile Stewart

= Polygonum chrtekii Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974) (nom. nov.

= Polygonum erecto-minor var. sungareensis (Kitag.) Kitag.

= Polygonum intricatum Kom., Fl. URSS, 5: 657, 723 (1936) non Tod. ex Lojac. (1904)

= Polygonum longisetum var. rotundatum A.J.Li, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 15: 418 (1995)

= Polygonum sungareense f. rubiflorum S.X.Li & Y.L.Chang

species :

Persicaria maackiana (Regel) Nakai; Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 132 (1922)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, ?Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); South Korea; North Korea; Russian Far East

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Truellum maackianum (Reg.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 146 (1974)

= Persicaria maackiana f. albiflora H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 51(3): 72 (1976)

= Polygonum maackianum Regel, Tent. Fl. Ussur. 127 (1861)

= Polygonum thunbergii var. maackianum (Regel) Maxim. ex Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 475 (1878)

= Tracaulon maackianum (Regel) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

species :

Persicaria maculosa Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 269 (1821)

subspecies :

subsp. maculosa

Name: Spotted ladysthumb (EN); Floh-Knöterich (DE); Hierba pejiguera (ES)

Distribution: Albania; Austria; Belgium; Luxembourg; Baleares; England; Channel Isl.; Bulgaria; Corsica; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Denmark; Faeroe Isl.; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Ireland; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Netherlands; Spain; Hungary; Italy; Iceland; Macedonia; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia & Kosovo; Portugal; Andorra; Gibraltar; Malta; Norway; Poland; Romania; Sardinia; Sicily; Sweden; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; W-European Russia; N-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Crimea; Belarus; Ukraine; Algeria; Morocco; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia); Russian Far East; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Australia [I] (Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Auckland Isl. [I]; tropical Africa [I]; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Egypt (Nile Delta, NW-coastal Egypt); European Turkey; Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Iraq (NE-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, W-Syrian Mountains); N-Yemen; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Kabul, Kandahar, Parwan, Qunduz); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov., Peshawar, Chitral, Dir, Gilgit, Baltistan, Astor); NW-India (Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, Nubra); Laos; Vietnam; China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); North Korea; South Korea; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, La Palma Isl., Tenerife); Greenland [I]; St. Pierre and Miquelon [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Labrador [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); Alaska [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Chile [I]; Argentina [I]; Brazil [I]; Mexico [I]; Bolivia [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY MOR 21 AZO CNY MDR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG EAI IRN IRQ LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 YEM 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 IND PAK 41 LAO VIE 50 aus 51 auc ctm nzl 70 ask cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 83 bol 84 bra 85 arg cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria dolichopoda (Ohki) Ohki ex Nakai, Rigakkai, 24: 300 (1926)

= Persicaria dolichopoda (Ohki) Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 168 (1928), comb. superfl.

= Persicaria fusiformis (Greene) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 24 (1904)

= Persicaria incana Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 269 (1821)

= Persicaria interrupta Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 732 (1821)

= Persicaria maculata (Raf.) Á.Löve & D.Löve, Acta Horti Gothob. 20: 164 (1956) (non S. F Gray 1821)

= Persicaria maculosa var. angustifolium Beckh.

= Persicaria maculosa var. ruderale (Salisb.) Meisn.

= Persicaria maculosa var. ruderalis (Meisn.) Akeroyd, Contr. Bot. Univ. "Babes-Bolyai" Cluj-Napoca 48: 17 (2013)

= Persicaria mitis Garsault, Fig. Pl. Anim. Med. t. 446 (1764), Descr. Pl. Anim. 265 (1767), Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. 8: 903

= Persicaria persicaria Small, Fl. S E. U. S. 378

= Persicaria pulicariodea Montandon, Syn. Fl. Jura Sept. 269 (1856)

= Persicaria puritanorum (Fernald) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Persicaria pusilla Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 269 (1821)

= Persicaria rivularis Opiz, Seznam, 72 (1852)

= Persicaria ruderalis f. angustifolia (Beckh.) C.F.Reed, Phytologia, 50(7): 461 (1982)

= Persicaria ruderalis var. vulgaris (Meisn.) C.F.Reed, Phytologia, 50(7): 462 (1982)

= Persicaria ruderalis C.F.Reed, Phytologia 50:461 (1982) (nom. illeg.)

= Persicaria salicifolia Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 270 (1821)

= Persicaria vulgaris Webb & Moq., Webb & Berth, Hist. Nat. Canaries 3(2, 3): 219 (1846) (nom. illeg.)

= Peutalis persicaria Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Polygonon persicarium St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon, 7: 132 (1880)

= Polygonum bellardi Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. I. 314 (1837) non All.

= Polygonum ceretanicum Sennen, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 63: 134 (1917), nomen (1916)

= Polygonum dolichopodum Ohwi, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 39: 260 (1925)

= Polygonum dubium Stein ex A.Br., Flora, 7: 357 (1824)

= Polygonum fusiforme Greene, Erythea, 1: 259 (1893)

= Polygonum lapathifolium Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 446 (1799) non L. 1753

= Polygonum maculatum Raf., Fl. Ludov. 29 (1817)

= Polygonum minus Lag. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 118 (1857)

= Polygonum niloticum Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 119 (1857)

= Polygonum persicaria f. angustifolium Beckh.

= Polygonum persicaria f. humile S.X.Li & Y.L.Chang

= Polygonum persicaria f. latifolium S.X.Li & Y.L.Chang

= Polygonum persicaria L., Sp. Pl.: 361 (1753) (syn. subst.)

= Polygonum persicaria var. ruderale (Salisb.) Meisn.

= Polygonum puritanorum Fernald, Rhodora, 21: 141 (1919)

= Polygonum ruderale Salisb., Prodr.: 259 (1796) (nom. illeg.)

= Polygonum serotinum Ten., Syll. Fl. Neap. App. 566

variant :

var. amblyophylla (H.Hara) Yonek.; Fl. Jap. (Iwatsuki et al., eds.) 2a: 171 (2006)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria amblyophylla H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 12: 336 (1936)

variant :

var. biformis (Wahlenb.) Akeroyd; Contr. Bot. Univ. "Babes-Bolyai" Cluj-Napoca 48: 17 (2013)

Distribution: Sweden

10 SWE

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum biforme Wahlenb., Fl. Suec. 1: 242 (1824)

variant :

var. opacum (Sam.) comb.ined.

Distribution: China (Fujian, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria opaca (Sam.) Koidz., Acta Phytotax. & Geobot., Kyoto, 5: 119 (1936)

= Polygonum opacum Sam., Lingnan Sc. Journ. 14: 299 (1935)

= Polygonum persicaria var. opacum (Sam.) A.J.Li, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin., 25(1): 23 (1998)

subspecies :

subsp. hirticaulis (Danser) S.Ekman & Knutsson; Nordic J. Bot., 16(1): 5 (1996)

Distribution: Volcano Isl. (Iwojima)

38 KZN

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum persicaria ssp. hirticaule Danser

species :

Persicaria madagascariensis (Meisn.) S.Ortiz & Paiva; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 131(2): 172 (1999)

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Namibia; Botswana; Madagascar; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Mali; Niger; Chad; Central African Republic; Ghana; ?Togo; Nigeria; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Rwanda; ?Burundi; Zambia; Zimbabwe; ?Mozambique; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Burkina Faso; Gabon; Sudan; South Sudan; Angola

22 BKN GHA GNB GUI MLI NGA NGR SEN SIE 23 CAF CON GAB RWA ZAI 24 CHA SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria attenuata ssp. africana K.L.Wilson, Kew Bull., 45(4): 629 (1990)

= Persicaria tomentosa (Willd.) Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 170 (1928), non Schrank, nom. illeg.

= Polygonum adenophyllum Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea, 3: 48 (1828)

= Polygonum madagascariense (Meisn.) Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 113 (1857)

= Polygonum poiretii var. madagascariense Meisn.

= Polygonum pulchrum ssp. hallieri Danser

= Polygonum tomentosum var. angustifolium Peter

= Polygonum tomentosum var. blepharanthum Peter

= Polygonum tomentosum var. brevipilum Peter

= Polygonum tomentosum var. eciliatum Peter

= Polygonum tomentosum var. glandulosum Meisn.

= Polygonum tomentosum var. limnogenes (Vatke) Hiern

= Polygonum tomentosum var. sericeo-velutinum Meisn.

= Polygonum tomentosum Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 447 (1799) (not Schrank 1789)

species :

Persicaria malaica (Danser) Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 135 (2009)

Distribution: China (?Guizhou, Yunnan); Tibet; India; S-Japan; peninsular Malaysia; Nepal; Sumatra; Vietnam; Bangladesh; Thailand

36 CHI TIB 38 JAP 40 BAN IND NEP 41 THA VIE 42 MLY SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Ampelygonum malaicum (Danser) M.A.Hassan, Bangladesh J. Bot., 22(1): 4 (1993)

= Cephalophilon malaicum (Danser) Borodina, Konsp. Sosud. Rast. Fl. V´etnama, 2: 145 (1996)

= Coccoloba crispata Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 292 (1824)

= Persicaria chinensis var. ovalifolia (Meisn.) H.Hara, Fl. E. Himalaya 71 (1966)

= Polygonum chinense var. malaicum (Danser) Steward

= Polygonum chinense var. ovalifolium Meisn., Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 60 (1832)

= Polygonum malaicum Danser, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. Ser. III. 8: 218 (1927)

species :

Persicaria manshuricola Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo, 6(4): 121 (1942)

Distribution: China (Jilin)

36 CHI

species :

Persicaria meisneriana (Cham. & Schltdl.) M.Gómez; An. Inst. Segunda Ensenanza Habana, 2: 278 (1896)

Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; Uganda; Tanzania; Malawi; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Botswana; Madagascar

23 RWA ZAI 25 TAN UGA 26 MLW 27 BOT SAF SWZ 29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria brachypoda (Baker) Galasso, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 136 (2009)

= Truellum meisnerianum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Soják, Preslia. 46(2): 146 (1974)

= Polygonum brachypodum Baker, Journ. L. Soc. 20: 239 (1883)

= Polygonum chamissonianum Steud., Nom. ed. II. 2: 375 (1841)

= Polygonum geniculatum Riddell ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 132 (1857)

= Polygonum hastatum Bojer & Hilsenb. ex Baker, Journ. L. Soc. 20: 239 (1883)

= Polygonum meisnerianum Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea, 3: 40 (1828)

= Polygonum multangulare Hook. & Arn., Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 62 (1836)

= Polygonum refractum Mart. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 132 (1857)

= Polygonum sagittatum Bojer & Hilsenb. ex Baker, Journ. L. Soc. 20: 239 (1883)

= Polygonum tuerckheimii Vatke ex Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 19: 370 (1892)

= Tracaulon meisnerianum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Tracaulon multangulare (Hook. & Arn.) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

variant :

var. beyrichiana (Cham. & Schltdl.) C.C.Freeman; Sida 21: 291 (2004)

Name: Branched tearthumb

Distribution: USA (Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, South Carolina, Texas); Mexico (Chiapas, Veracruz); Honduras; Costa Rica; Peru; Cuba; Dominican Republic; NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fe); Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caazapa, Central, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Paraguari, San Pedro); Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Paysandu, San Jose); Colombia (Cauca, Cundinamarca); Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Tarija)

77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 COS HON 81 CUB HIS 82 CLM 83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria meisneriana var. beyrichiana (Cham. & Schltdl.) C.C.Freeman, Sida 21(1): 291 (2004)

= Polygonum beyrichianum Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea, 3: 42 (1828)

= Polygonum meisnerianum var. beyrichianum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Meisn., Fl. Bras. (Mart.) 5(1): 19 (1855)

= Tracaulon beyrichianum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. 380 (1903)

species :

Persicaria microcephala (Wall. ex D.Don) Sasaki; Cat. Gov. Herb. (Gov. Res. Inst., Rep. Dept. For. No. 9) 192 (1930)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, SW-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Bhutan; NE-India (incl. Sikkim); Nepal; New Guinea; Vietnam; Bangladesh

36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 VIE 42 NWG

Remarks: probably in Cephalophilon

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum microcephalum Wall. ex D.Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 72 (1825)

= Ampelygonum microcephalum (Wall. ex D.Don) M.A.Hassan, Bangladesh J. Bot., 22(1): 4 (1993)

= Polygonum ciliatum Buch.-Ham., D. Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 73 (1825)

= Polygonum staticiflorum Wall., Cat. n. (1704 publ. 1830)

variant :

var. sphaerocephala (Wall. ex Meisn.) Hara; Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo Bull., 2: 23 (1971)

Distribution: China (Hubei, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; India; Nepal

36 CHI TIB 40 IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria sphaerocephala (Wall. ex Meisn.) H.Gross

= Polygonum microcephalum var. sphaerocephalum (Wall. ex Meisn.) Murata, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26(3-4): 87 (1974)

= Polygonum podocephalum Klotzsch, Bot. Ergeb. Waldem. Reise, 136 (1862), et ex Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 129 (1856)

= Polygonum sphaerocephalum Wall. ex Meisn., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 60 (1832)

variant :

var. wallichii (D.Don) H.Gross; Fl. E. Him. 72 (1966)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet; NE-India (incl. Sikkim); Nepal; Bhutan

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

species :

Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz; Seznam: 72 (1852)

Name: Kleiner Knöterich, Pygmy smartweed

Distribution: Austria; Belgium; Luxembourg; England; Channel Isl.; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Ireland; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Netherlands; Spain; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia & Kosovo; Macedonia; Norway; Poland; Romania; Sweden; Portugal [I]; Crimea; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; W-European Russia; N-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Belarus; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia); Russian Far East; Kazakhstan; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Mongolia; Java; New Caledonia; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Pahang, Selangor); Pakistan (N. W. Frontier Prov., Chitral, Baltistan, Skardu); India; Sri Lanka; Nepal; Vietnam; Thailand; Laos; Bangladesh; Argentina [I]; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran); Madagascar [I]; Canada [I] (New Brunswick [I], Ontario [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut, Indiana [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Nebraska [I], Pennsylvania [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I])

10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS FRA por SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 29 mdg 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ TZK UZB 33 GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 37 MON 40 BAN IND NEP PAK SRL 41 LAO THA VIE 42 JAW MLY 60 NWC 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa 85 arg

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria minor ssp. depressa (Danser) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Persicaria pumila Montandon, Syn. Fl. Jura Sept. 269 (1856)

= Persicaria tenella var. kawagoeana (Makino) H.Hara

= Persicaria tenella (Blume) Hara, Journ. Jap. Bot. 44: 375 (1969)

= Peutalis minus (Huds.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Polygonum angustifolium Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 2: 453 (1789)

= Polygonum banca Herb.Ham. ex Hook.fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 36 (1886)

= Polygonum banka Buch.-Ham. ex Wall., Cat. n. 1722 (1830)

= Polygonum daphnophyllum Andrz., Izvest. Univ. Kiev, No. 7 (Enum. Pl. Podol.) 137 (1862) ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 111 (1857)

= Polygonum hypostictum Miq. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 111 (1857) et ex Hook. fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 36 (1886)

= Polygonum intermedium Ehrh., Beitr. 5: 178 (1791), nomen, et 6: 143

= Polygonum minus Huds., Fl. Angl.: 148 (1762)

= Polygonum minus ssp. depressum Danser

= Polygonum minus var. subcontinuum Meisn., Plantae Asiaticae Rariores 3 (1832)

= Polygonum pusillum Lam., Fl. Fr. 3: 235 (1779)

= Polygonum serrulatum Hohen. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 1029 (1879)

= Polygonum strictum All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 207. t. 68, f. 2 (1785)

= Persicaria stricta (All.) M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 4A: 231 (2003)

= Polygonum tenellum Blume, Bijdr. 530 (1826), et ex Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 57

= Polygonum vulgare Gueldenst., Reisen, 2: 44 (1791)

species :

Persicaria mitis (Schrank) Assenov; Jordanov, Fl. Nar. Rep. Bälg. 3: 239 (1966)

Name: Milder Knöterich

Distribution: Albania; Austria; Belgium; Luxembourg; England; Channel Isl.; Bulgaria; Corsica; Czech Republic; Slovakia; bFrance; Germany; Greece; Ireland; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Netherlands; Hungary; Spain; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia & Kosovo; Macedonia; Poland; Romania; Sardinia; Sicily; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Belarus; Ukraine; Latvia; Lithuania; Chile [I]; European Turkey; Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Afghanistan (Badghys, Baghlan, Helmand, Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar, Parwan, Takhar); Nepal; ?Pakistan (?Baluchistan); ?NW-India (?Jammu & Kashmir); Madagascar

10 GRB IRE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS COR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR LAT LIT RUS UKR 29 MDG 34 AFG IRN 40 NEP 85 cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria dubia Fourr., Ann. Soc. L. Lyon, N. S. 17: 146 (1869)

= Persicaria hydropiper ssp. mite (Schrank) Majeed Kak, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 81(2): 517 (1984)

= Persicaria hydropiper ssp. mitis (Schrank) Munshi & Javeid, Syst. Stud. Polygonac. Kashmir Himalaya (J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Addit. Ser. 2): 75 (1986)

= Persicaria laxiflora Opiz, Seznam, 72 (1852)

= Persicaria mitis (Schrank) M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 4A: 229 (2003), comb. superfl.

= Polygonum alpinum Schur, Verh. Slebenb. Ver. Naturw. 2: 170 (1851)

= Polygonum braunii Bluff & Fingerh., Comp. Fl. Germ. 1: 509 (1837)

= Polygonum condensatum Schultz ex Nyman, Consp. 628 (1881)

= Polygonum laxiflorum Weihe, Flora, 9: 746 (1826)

= Polygonum minus Rchb., Pl. Crit. 5(1): 493

= Polygonum mite Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 668 (1789)

= Polygonum paludosum Schur, Enum. Pl. Transs. 585 (1866)

= Polygonum schurii Fuss, Fl. Transs. 560 (1866)

species :

Persicaria muricata (Meisn.) Nemoto; Fl. Jap. Suppl. 173 (1936)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); ?Taiwan; ?Tibet; India; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Nepal; Thailand

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO 40 IND NEP 41 THA

Synonyms: hidden

= Truellum muricatum (Meisn.) Soják, Preslia. 46(2): 148 (1974)

= Persicaria nipponensis (Makino) Nakai, Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 133 (1922)

= Polygonum asperulum Wall., Cat. n. 1724 (1830)

= Polygonum hastatosagittatum var. latifolium Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 120 (1903)

= Polygonum kirinense S.X.Li & Y.L.Chang, Fl. Plant. Herb. Chinae bor.-or., 2: 109 (1959)

= Polygonum muricatum Meisn., Monogr. 74 (1826)

= Polygonum nipponense Makino, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 23: 89 (1909)

= Polygonum oliganthum Diels, Notes Bot. Gard. Edin. 5: 260 (1912)

= Polygonum strigosum var. muricatum (Meisn.) Steward

= Polygonum thunbergii var. spicatum H.Lév., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 42 (1904)

= Tracaulon muricatum (Meisn.) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum nipponense (Makino) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 148 (1974)

species :

Persicaria nakaii (Hara) Cubey; Hanburyana (2008)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

38 JAP

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Aconogonon nakaii (Hara) Hara, Fl. E. Himalaya. 632 (1966), in adnot.

= Pleuropteropyrum nakaii Hara, Journ. Jap. Bot., 10: 231 (1934)

= Polygonum nakaii (Hara) Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. & Geobot., Kyoto, 7: 130 (1938)

species :

Persicaria nataliae Stepanov; Vestn. Krasnoyarsk. Gosud. Agrar. Univ. 7: 127 (2015)

Distribution: Siberia (Krasnoyarsk)

30 SIB

species :

Persicaria neofiliforme (Nakai) Ohki; Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 40: 57 (1926)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, S-Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Japan (Honshu); South Korea

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Antenoron filiforme var. neofiliforme (Nakai) A.J.Li, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin., 25(1): 108 (1998)

= Antenoron neofiliforme (Nakai) Hara, Journ. Jap. Bot. 40: 192 (1965)

= Polygonum filiforme ssp. neofiliforme (Nakai) Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 206 (1962)

= Polygonum filiforme var. neofiliforme (Nakai) Ohwi, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 33: 70 (1953)

= Polygonum neo-filiforme Nakai, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 36: 117 (1922)

= Sunania neofiliformis (Nakai) Hara, Journ. Jap. Bot. 37: 330 (1962)

= Tovara filiformis var. neofiliformis (Nakai) Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 6: 32 (1930)

= Tovara neofiliformis (Nakai Nakai ex Maek., Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 46: 586 (1932)

species :

Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) H.Gross; Bot. Jahrh. Syst. 49: 277 (1913)

Name: Nepalese smartweed

13 ita 23 BIO CMN RWA ZAI 24 ERI ETH SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW zam 27 saf 29 mdg 31 RFE 32 TZK 33 geo 34 AFG 35 YEM 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY MOL NWG PHI 71 cdn 75 usa 78 usa 82 clm ven 83 ecu

Synonyms: hidden

= Cephalophilon nepalense (Meisn.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast., 24: 76 (1987)

= Persicaria alata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 4A: 226 (2003), comb. superfl.

= Persicaria alata (Buch.-Ham.) Nakai, Rigakkwai, 24: 298 (1926)

= Persicaria lyrata (Nakai) Nakai ex T.Mori, Enum. Pl. Corea 131 (1922)

= Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) Miyabe, Journ. Fac. Agric., Sapporo, 26: 514 (1934)

= Polygonum alatum Buch.-Ham. ex Spreng., L. Syst. Veg., ed. 16 (Spreng.) 4: 11. cur. post., 154(1827)

= Polygonum alatum var. nepalense (Meisn.) Hook.fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 42 (1886)

= Polygonum alatum var. parviflorum Diels

= Polygonum capitatum Korth. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 128 (1857)

= Polygonum guttuliferum Miq. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 129 (1857), et ex Hook. fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 42 (1886)

= Polygonum kumaonum Subba Rao & Kumari, J. Ind. Bot. Soc., 55(2-3): 168 (1976)

= Polygonum lyratum Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 1919, 33: 17 (1919)

= Polygonum metzianum Miq., Flora, 32: 557 (1849) ex Hook. fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 42 (1886)

= Polygonum microcephalum Hassk., Flora, 14: 561 (1831)

= Polygonum nepalense Meisn., Monogr. Polygon.: 84 (1826)

= Polygonum nepalense var. adenothrix Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 416 (1909)

= Polygonum nepalense var. javanicum Meisn.

= Polygonum nepalense var. kumaonum (Subba Rao & Kumari) R.C.Srivast., Indian J. Pl. Sci. [Jaipur] 3(2): 133 (2014)

= Polygonum nepalense var. kumaonum (Subba Rao & Kumari) R.C.Srivast., Indian Forester 134(12): 1699 (2008)

= Polygonum nepalense var. scabridum Meisn.

= Polygonum perforatum Meisn., Monogr. 83 (1826)

= Polygonum punctatum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 72 (1825) (non Elliott 1817 or Raf. 1820

= Polygonum punctatum var. alatum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 72 (1825)

= Polygonum quadrifidum Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30: 233 (1911) non Meisn.

= Truellum nepalense (Meisn.) P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 686 (2018)

species :

Persicaria nogueirae S.Ortiz & Paiva; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 131(2): 168 (1999)

Distribution: W-Zambia; E-Angola; ?Tanzania; ?Uganda

26 ANG ZAM

species :

Persicaria obtusifolia (Täckh. & Boulos) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 19:41 (1989)

Distribution: Egypt

20 EGY

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum obtusifolia Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 91 (1974)

species :

Persicaria odorata (Lour.) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. odorata

Distribution: S-Vietnam; Laos; Cambodia

41 CBD LAO VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum odoratum Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 243 (1790)

subspecies :

subsp. conspicua (Nakai) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 87 (3): 163 (2012)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); South Korea; Ryukyu Isl.

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria conspicua (Nakai) Nakai ex T.Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 131 (1922), nomen

= Persicaria macrantha ssp. conspicua (Nakai) Yonek., Fl. Jap. (Iwatsuki et al., eds.) 2a: 164 (2006)

= Persicaria odorata f. albiflora (Hiyama) Yonek., J. Jap. Bot. 87 (3): 166 (2012)

= Persicaria odorata f. conspicua (Nakai) Yonek., J. Jap. Bot. 87 (3): 166 (2012)

= Persicaria sterilis (Nakai) Nakai & Ohwi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 51 (1926)

= Polygonum conspicuum (Nakai) Nakai, Journ. Coll. Sc. Tokyo, 31: 168 (1911)

= Polygonum conspicuum var. lutchuense Hatus., Fl. Ryukyus: 254 (1971), without latin descr.

= Polygonum japonicum var. conspicuum Nakai, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 23: 10 (1908)

= Polygonum japonicum var. micranthum Nakai

= Polygonum sterile Nakai

= Polygonum sterile var. brevistylum (Nakai) Nakai

subspecies :

subsp. macrantha (Meisn.) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 87 (3): 163 (2012)

Distribution: N-India; Vietnam; Bangladesh

40 BAN IND 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum macranthum Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 107 (1857)

= Persicaria macrantha (Meisn.) Haraldson, Symb. Bot. Upsal., 22(2): 74 (1978)

species :

Persicaria oreophila (Makino) Hiyama; Journ. Jap. Bot. 34: 340 (1959)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Truellum oreophilum (Makino) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 148 (1974)

= Persicaria thunbergii var. oreophila (Makino) Nemoto, Fl. Jap. Suppl. 176 (1936)

= Polygonum oreophilum (Makino) Ohwi, Fl. Jap., ed. rev., 1440 (1965)

= Polygonum thunbergii var. oreophilum Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 251 (1913)

species :

Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach; Hist. Nat. Veg. 10: 537 (1841)

Name: Kiss me over the garden gate

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Bhutan; Vietnam; India (incl. Jammu & Kashmir); Bangladesh; Sri Lanka; Japan [I]; North Korea; South Korea; Philippines; Java; peninsular Malaysia; New Guinea [I]; New Caledonia; Myanmar (Sagaing); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; Cambodia; Canada [I] (New Brunswick [I], Ontario [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I]); Algeria [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Albania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Austria [I]; Slovakia [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Netherlands [I]; Romania [I]; Crimea [I]; Ukraine [I]; Belarus [I]; E-European Russia [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Russian Far East [I]; Kazakhstan [I]; Kyrgyzstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Australia [I] (Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Java; Singapore [I]; Chile [I]; Argentina [I]; Brazil [I]; Turkey [I] (NE-Anatolia [I]); New Zealand [I]

11 aut ger net slo swi 12 fra por spa 13 alb bul cro grc ita kri rom slv 14 blr kry rus ukr 20 alg 31 rfe 32 kaz kgz tkm tzk uzb 33 geo ncs 34 tur 36 CHI 38 jap KOR NKO TAI 40 BAN BHU IND SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY nwg PHI sng 50 aus 51 nzl 60 NWC 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 84 bra 85 arg cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Amblygonum orientale (L.) Nakai, Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 129 (1922)

= Amblygonum orientale var. pilosum (Meisn.) Nakai, Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 585 (1979)

= Amblygonum pilosum (Roxb. ex Meisn.) Nakai, Rigakkwai 24: 297 (1926)

= Goniaticum solitarium Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 338 (1812)

= Heptarina orientalis (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. iii 15 (1836)

= Lagunea cochinchinensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 220 (1790)

= Lagunea orientalis (L.) Nakai, Journ. Jap. Bot. 18: 112 (1942)

= Lagunea orientalis var. pilosa (Roxb. ex Meisn.) Nakai, Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 585 (1979)

= Persicaria cochinchinensis (Lour.) Kitag., Rep. Inst. Sc. Research Chinese Manchuria, 3: 102 (1939), et Rep. Inst. Sc. Research Chinese Manchuria, 3: 102 (1939) App. 1, 177 (1939)

= Persicaria orientalis (L.) Assenov, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Bulgar. 3: 250 (1966) comb. superfl.

= Persicaria pilosa (Roxb.) Kitag., Neo-Lineam. Fl. Manshur.: 237 (1979)

= Polygonum altissimum Moench, Meth. 630 (1794)

= Polygonum amoenum Blume, Bijdr. 532 (1826)

= Polygonum cochinchinense (Lour.) Meisn., Monogr. 55 (1826)

= Polygonum cordobense Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. 19: Beibl. n. 48 10 (1894)

= Polygonum hirtum Willd. ex Spreng., Syst. 2: 259 (1825)

= Polygonum inundatum Mart. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 123 (1857)

= Polygonum orientale L., Sp. Pl.: 362 (1753)

= Polygonum orientale var. pilosum (Roxb. ex Meisn.) Meisn., Prodr. (DC.) 14: 123 (1857)

= Polygonum orientale var. discolor Benth.

= Polygonum pilosum Roxb., Hort. Beng. 29 (1814), Fl. Ind. 2: 286 (1824)

= Polygonum speciosum Salisb., Prod. 259 (1796)

= Polygonum subcordatum Miq., Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1: 95 (1861)

= Polygonum torquatum Bruyn, Miq. Pl. Jungh. 1303 (1854)

species :

Persicaria palmata (Dunn) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot., 72(3): 159 (1997)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan); India; Vietnam

36 CHI 40 IND 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Cephalophilon palmatum (Dunn) Borodina, Konsp. Sosud. Rast. Fl. V´etnama, 2: 146 (1996)

= Polygonum meeboldii W.W.Sm., Rec. Bot. Surv. India, 6: 32 (1914)

= Polygonum palmatum Dunn, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1942: 341 (1912)

= Polygonum pseudopalmatum G.Hoo, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(2): 194-195, t. 16 (bottom) (1951)

species :

Persicaria paraguayensis (Wedd.) S.T.Kim & Donoghue; Amer. J. Bot. 95(9): 1135 (2008)

Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Santa Fe); Paraguay (Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Neembucu, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro)

85 ARG PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum paraguayense Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. III. 13: 253 (1849)

species :

Persicaria paralimicola (A.J.Li) B.Li; Phytotaxa 91(1): 25 (2013)

Distribution: China (Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum paralimicola A.J.Li, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 15(4): 414, f. 2 (1995)

species :

Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) M.Gómez; Anales Inst. Segunda Enseñ. 2: 278. 1896. (1896)

Name: Pennsylvania smartweed

Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec); Alaska; USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Haiti; Dominican Republic; Cuba; Ecuador [I]; Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)

70 ASK 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 81 CUB HIS 83 ecu

Synonyms: hidden

= Dioctis pensylvanica (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1836)

= Persicaria mississippiensis (Stanford) Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 456 (1933)

= Persicaria omissa Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 24 (1904)

= Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) Small, Fl. S E. U. S. 377 (1903), comb. superfl.

= Persicaria pensylvanica var. dura (Stanford) C.F.Reed, Phytologia, 50(7): 461 (1982)

= Persicaria pensylvanica var. laevigata (Fernald) Mohlenbr., Vasc. Fl. Illinois 290 (2015)

= Polygonum longistylum var. omissum (Greene) Stanford, Rhodora 27: 178, 183 (1925)

= Polygonum mississippiense var. interius Stanford, Rhodora 27: 178, 184 (1925)

= Polygonum mississippiensis Stanford, Rhodora, 27: 183, 216 (1925)

= Polygonum omissum Greene, Pittonia, 5: 200 (1903)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum L., Sp. Pl. 362 (1753)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum ssp. bicorne Dalci, Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ankara, Ser. C, Sci. Nat. 18C: 148 (1974)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum var. durum Stanford, Rhodora 27: 178, 180 (1925)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum var. eglandulosum Myers, Castanea 7(4-5): 74 (-75) (1942)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum var. laevigatum Fernald, Rhodora 19: 73 (1917)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum var. nesophilum Fernald, Rhodora 19: 73 (1917)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum var. petechiale Stokes

= Polygonum pensylvanicum var. rosaeflorum Norton, Castanea 7: 126 (1943)

= Polygonum petechiale Druce, Rep. Bot. Exch. Cl. Brit. Isles, 1925. 7: 781 (1926), et Rep. Bot. Exch. Cl. Brit. Isles, 8: 587 (1927 publ. 1928)

species :

Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H.Gross; Bot. Jahrh. Syst. 49: 275 (1913)

Name: Asiatic tearthumb

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; ?Tibet; Bhutan; India (incl. Sikkim); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; North Korea; South Korea; Nepal; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao); Siberia; Vietnam; Georgia [Caucasus]; Java; peninsular Malaysia; Thailand; Bangladesh; Laos; Myanmar; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Maryland [I], Mississippi [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Virginia [I], West Virginia [I])

30 SIB 33 GEO 34 TUR 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY PHI 73 usa 75 usa 78 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Ampelygonum perfoliatum (L.) Roberty & Vautier, Boissiera, 10: 31 (1964)

= Chylocalyx perfoliatus (L.) Hassk., Flora, 25: II. Beibl. 20 ex Miq. (1842)

= Echinocaulon perfoliatum (L.) Meisn. ex Hassk., Flora, 25: II. Beibl. 20 (1842)

= Fagopyrum perfoliatum (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 10 (1837)

= Truellum perfoliatum (L.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 148 (1974)

= Polygonum arifolium var. perfoliatum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1006 (1759)

= Polygonum perfoliatum (L.) L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 521 (1762)

= Tracaulon perfoliatum (L.) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

species :

Persicaria peruviana (Meisn. ex DC.) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum peruvianum Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 122 (1857)

species :

Persicaria pilushanensis (Y.C.Liu & C.H.Ou) C.F.Kuo ex T.C.Hsu & S.W.Chung; Phytotaxa 270(1): 69 (2016)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum pilushanense Y.C.Liu & C.H.Ou, Quart. J. Chinese Forest., 8(4): 123 (1976)

species :

Persicaria pinetora (Hemsl.) H.Gross; Bull. Geogr. Bot., 23: 30 (1913)

Distribution: China (N-Gansu, Hubei, N-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Rubrivena pinetorum (Hemsl.) Galasso, Labra & F.Grassi, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 138 (2009)

= Polygonum gloriosum Lév., Fedde, Repert. 13: 338 (1914)

= Polygonum pinetorum Hemsl., Journ. L. Soc. 26: 345 (1891)

species :

Persicaria poiretii (Meisn.) K.L.Wilson; Kew Bull., 45(4): 631 (1990)

Distribution: La Réunion; Mauritius; Madagascar

29 MAU MDG REU

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum poiretii Meisn., Monogr. 79 (1826)

= Polygonum serratum Poir., Encyc. 6: 144 (1804)

species :

Persicaria posumbu (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37: II. 113 (1919)

subspecies :

subsp. posumbu

Distribution: North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Tibet; India (incl. Sikkim); Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao); Nepal; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Russian Far East; Nicobar Isl. (Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Vietnam; Bangladesh; Bhutan; ?NW-India (?Jammu & Kashmir); USA [I] (Pennsylvania [I])

31 RFE 33 geo 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 NCB VIE 42 PHI 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria caespitosa (Blume) Nakai, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 48: 779 (1934)

= Persicaria posumbu (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Nakai, Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 133 (1922), comb. superfl.

= Persicaria posumbu var. albiflora Iwata

= Persicaria posumbu var. laxiflora (Meisn.) H.Hara, Fl. E. Himalaya 634 (1966)

= Persicaria yokusaiana (Makino) Nakai, Rigakukwai, 24: 4, p. 13 (1925), Honda in Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 43: 190 (1929)

= Persicaria yokusaiana var. laxiflora (Meisn.) H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 17: 339 (1941)

= Persicaria yokusaianum Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 116 (1914)

= Polygonum caespitosum Blume, Bijdr. 532 (1825)

= Polygonum caespitosum ssp. yokusaianum (Makino) Danser, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg ser.3, 8: 153 (1927)

= Polygonum caespitosum var. laxiflorum Meisn., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 57 (1865)

= Polygonum decumbens Bruyn, Miq. Pl. Jungh. 307 (1854)

= Polygonum donii Wall., Cat. n. 1723 B (1830)

= Polygonum gracile Herb.Ham. ex Hook.fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 38 (1886)

= Polygonum posumbu Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 71 (1825)

= Polygonum posumbu f. albiflorum (Iwata) Murata, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 32(1-4): 50 (1981)

= Polygonum procumbens Bruyn, Miq. Pl. Jungh. 307 (1854)

= Polygonum rhizocaulon Bruyn, Miq. Pl. Jungh. 306 (1854)

= Polygonum yokusaianum Makino, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 28: 116 (1914)

variant :

var. stenophylla (Makino) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot., 72(3): 159 (1997)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum yokusaianum var. stenophyllum Makino

= Polygonum posumbu var. stenophyllum (Makino) Murata, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 32(1-4): 50 (1981)

subspecies :

subsp. mearnsii (Elmer) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

Distribution: Philippines

42 PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum mearnsii Elmer, Leaflets Philipp. Bot. 1: 289 (1908)

species :

Persicaria praetermissa (Hook.fil.) Hara; Fl. E. Himalaya. 73 (1966)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, ?Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Tibet; Bhutan; India; Sri Lanka; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; South Korea; Nepal; Philippines (Luzon); Myanmar; Vietnam; Bangladesh; Cambodia; Thailand

36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria auriculata (Makino) Masam., Mem. Fac. Sc. & Agric. Taihoku Imp. Univ. xi., Bot. No. 4, 173 (1934)

= Persicaria birmanica (Gage) S.S.Dash & P.Singh, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 98(3): 363 (2001)

= Persicaria hastatoauriculata (Makino ex Nakai) H.Gross ex Nakai, Chiisan shokubutsu chosa Hokoku (Fl. Chiisan) 30 (1915)

= Truellum praetermissum (Hook.f) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 148 (1974)

= Polygonum auriculatum Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 17: 117 (1903) (not Meisn. 1826, nor Hook. fil. & Thomson 1886

= Polygonum birmanicum Gage, Rec. Bot. Surv. India, 2: 412 (1903)

= Polygonum hastatoauriculatum Makino ex Nakai, Rigakkai, 24: 299 (1926)

= Polygonum muricatum var. auriculatum Meisn., Prodr. (DC.) 14: 133 (1856)

= Polygonum praetermissum Hook.fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 47 (1886)

= Polygonum thunbergii subvar. eciliolatum H.Lév., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 423 (1904)

= Tracaulon praetermissum (Hook.fil.) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum hastatoauriculatum (Makino ex Nakai) Soják, Preslia. 46(2): 146 (1974)

species :

Persicaria prostrata (R.Br.) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); New Zealand

50 AUS 51 NZL

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum prostratum R.Br., Prod. 419 (1810)

species :

Persicaria pubescens (Blume) Hara; Journ. Jap. Bot. 17: 335 (1941)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Bhutan; India (incl. Sikkim, Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; North Korea; South Korea; Java; peninsular Malaysia; Nepal; Pakistan (Punjab, Kurram); Philippines (Luzon); Laos; Vietnam; Bangladesh; Thailand; Cambodia

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK 41 CBD LAO THA VIE 42 JAW MLY PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria donii (Meisn.) Nakai, Rigakkai, 24: 300 (1926), et Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 45: 114 (1931)

= Persicaria flaccida (Meisn.) H.Gross, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37: II. 112 (1919)

= Persicaria hydropiper ssp. flaccida (Meisn.) Munshi & Javeid, Syst. Stud. Polygonac. Kashmir Himalaya (J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Addit. Ser. 2): 76 (1986)

= Persicaria hydropiper ssp. oryzetum (Blume) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Persicaria hydropiper var. eglandulosa (Hook.fil.) Dar, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., 16(3): 651 (1992), without basionym ref.

= Persicaria hydropiper var. glandulosissima (Gage) H.B.Naithani & S.Biswas, H. B. Naithani, Flow. Pl. India, Nepal & Bhutan: 353 (1990)

= Persicaria maculosa var. pubescens (Makino) Yonek., Fl. Jap. (Iwatsuki et al., eds.) 2a: 171 (2006)

= Persicaria roettleri (Roth) Hara, Journ. Jap. Bot., 14: 74 (1938)

= Polygonum babingtonii Endl., Gen. Suppl. 4: II. 47 (1848)

= Polygonum barbatum Roxb., Hort. Beng. 29 (1814), Fl. Ind. 2: 289 (1824)

= Polygonum biscatilium Buch.-Ham. ex Wall., Cat. p. 215. sub n. 1723 (1830) et ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 106 (1857)

= Polygonum bisculatium Herb.Ham. ex Hook.fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 39 (1886)

= Polygonum donii Meisn., Monogr. Polyg. 72 (1826)

= Polygonum flaccidum Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 107 (1857), partim

= Polygonum flaccidum var. hispidum (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Hook.fil.

= Polygonum hamiltonii Spreng., Syst. 4: Cur. Post. 155 (1827)

= Polygonum hispidum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 71 (1825)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. acuminatum Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 474 (1878)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. flaccidum (Meisn.) Steward

= Polygonum hydropiper var. glandulosissima Gage

= Polygonum hydropiper var. hispidum (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Steward

= Polygonum oryzetorum Blume, Bijdr. 532 (1825)

= Polygonum posumbu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 245 (1859)

= Polygonum pubescens Blume, Bijdr. 532 (1825)

= Polygonum rivulare Helfer ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 107 (1857)

= Polygonum roettleri Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 205 (1821)

= Polygonum spirale Noronha, Verh. Batav. Gen. 5: ed. I. Art. IV. 25 (1790)

= Polygonum tenellum Roxb., Hort. Beng. 29 (1814), Fl. Ind. 2: 289 (1824)

species :

Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 379 (1903)

Name: Dotted smartweed

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Honduras; Costa Rica; Galapagos; Peru; Bermuda; Nicaragua; Bahamas; Cayman Isl.; Cuba; Hispaniola; Jamaica; Puerto Rico; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Trinidad; Ecuador; Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Tarija); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui?, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Carabobo, Cojedes?, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guarico?, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo); N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas, Acre); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Misiones, Neuquen, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman); Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Neembucu, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Uruguay (Canelones, Rocha, San Jose, Tacuarembo); Belize; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta, Santander, Valle); Hawaii [I] (Hawaii Isl. [I]); New Zealand [I]

51 nzl 63 haw 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 BAH BER CAY CUB GDL HIS JAM MAR PUE STL STV TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Discolenta punctata (Elliott) Raf., New Fl. Am. 4: 48 (1836)

= Mitesia punctata (Elliott) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1837)

= Persicaria acris (Kunth) M.Gómez, An. Inst. Segunda Ensenanza Habana, 2: 277 (1896)

= Persicaria punctata var. eciliata Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. [Small]. 379, 1330 (1903)

= Persicaria punctata var. tacubayana Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 131 (1913)

= Peutalis punctata (Elliott) Raf., New Fl. Am. 4: 48 (1836)

= Polygonum acre Kunth, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 179 (1817)

= Polygonum acre var. aquatile (Mart.) Meisn., Fl. Bras. (Mart.) 5, pt. 1: 18 (1855)

= Polygonum acre var. brachystachyum Meisn., DC., Prodr. 14(1): 108 (1856)

= Polygonum acre var. leptostachyum Meisn., DC., Prodr. 14(1): 108 (1856)

= Polygonum acre var. riparium (Mart.) Meisn., Fl. Bras. (Mart.) 5, pt. 1: 18 (1855)

= Polygonum antihaemorrhoidale f. aquatile Mart., Reise Bras. (Spix & Mart.) 2: 550 (1828)

= Polygonum antihaemorrhoidale f. riparium Mart., Reise Bras. (Spix & Mart.) 2: 550 (1828)

= Polygonum antihaemorrhoidale Mart., Reise Bras. (Spix & Mart.) 2: 550 (1828)

= Polygonum antihaemorrhoidale var. aquatile Mart., Linnaea Litt.-Ber. 1830: 41 (1830)

= Polygonum distachyum Mart. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 108 (1857)

= Polygonum eciliatum Stone, Rep. N. Jersey St. Mus., 423 (1910 publ. 1911)

= Polygonum epilobioides Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. III. 13: 254 (1849)

= Polygonum gracilescens Mart. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 108 (1857)

= Polygonum maritimum Vell., Fl. Flum. 161, 4: t. 39 (1829)

= Polygonum punctatum Elliott, Sketch, 1: 455 (1817)

= Polygonum punctatum f. longicollum Fassett, Brittonia 6: 379 (1949)

= Polygonum punctatum f. stipitatum Fassett, Caldasia 4: 223. (1946)

= Polygonum punctatum var. aquatile (Mart.) Fassett, Caldasia 4: 221 (1946)

= Polygonum punctatum var. eciliatum Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 20: 214 (1893)

= Polygonum punctatum var. ellipticum Fassett, Brittonia 6: 375 (1949)

= Polygonum punctatum var. littorale Fassett, Brittonia 6: 379 (1949)

= Polygonum punctatum var. mexicanum Fassett, Brittonia 6: 381 (1949)

= Polygonum punctatum var. parviflorum Fassett, Brittonia 6: 381 (1949)

= Polygonum punctatum var. riparium (Meisn.) Fassett

= Polygonum punctatum var. tacubayanum (Nieuwl.) Fassett, Brittonia 6: 374 (1949)

= Polygonum riparium Mart. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 108 (1857)

variant :

var. leptostachya (Meisn.) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. [Small] 379, 1330 (1903)

Name: Dotted smartweed

Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)

73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum punctatum var. leptostachyum (Meisn.) Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 19: 356 (1892)

= Polygonum punctatum var. parvum Vict. & J.Rousseau, Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montréal 36: 13 (1940)

species :

Persicaria robustior (Small) E.P.Bicknell; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 36: 455 (1909)

Name: Stout smartweed

Distribution: Canada (Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec); USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Virginia); Central America; South America

72 CDN 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria punctata var. robustior (Small) Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. [Small]. 379, 1330 (1903)

= Polygonum punctatum var. robustius Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 21: 477 (1894)

= Polygonum robustium (Small) Fernald, Rhodora, 23: 147, in adnot. (1921)

species :

Persicaria rotunda (Z.Z.Zhou & Q.Y.Sun) Bo Li; PhytoKeys 126: 129 (2019)

Distribution: China

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum jucundum var. rotundum Z.Z.Zhou & Q.Y.Sun, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 45(5): 714 (2007)

= Persicaria jucunda var. rotunda (Z.Z.Zhou & Q.Y.Sun) B.Li, Phytotaxa 91(1): 24 (2013)

species :

Persicaria rubricaulis (Cham.) Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 136 (2009)

Distribution: Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay (Caaguazu); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo)

84 BRA 85 PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Tracaulon rubricaule (Cham.) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Polygonum rubricaule Cham., Linnaea, 8: 130 (1833)

= Truellum rubricaule (Cham.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 148 (1974)

species :

Persicaria runcinata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Masam.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 51: 234 (1937)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan); Taiwan; Tibet; Bhutan; N-India (?Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim); peninsular Malaysia; Nepal; Philippines; Thailand; Vietnam; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Java; Myanmar (Kachin)

33 geo 36 CHI TIB 38 TAI 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria morrisonensis (Hayata) Nakai, Rigakkai, 24: 298 (1926)

= Cephalophilon runcinatum (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast., 26: 67 (1989)

= Polygonum morrisonense Hayata, Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, 25: Art. 19, 185 (1908)

= Polygonum panduriforme Lév. & Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 11: 343 (1902)

= Polygonum reticulatum Bruyn, Miq. Pl. Jungh. 309 (1854)

= Polygonum runcinatum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 73 (1825)

= Polygonum truncatum Zoll. & Moritzi, Nat. en Geneesk. Arch. Neerl. Indie, 2: 214 (1845)

variant :

var. sinensis (Hemsl.) B.Li; Phytotaxa 91(1): 25 (2013)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, ?Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum runcinatum var. sinense Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 347 (1891)

= Polygonum runcinatum var. exauriculatum Lingelsh.

variant :

var. alpina (Royen) comb.ined.

Distribution: New Guinea

42 NWG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum runcinatum var. alpinum Royen, Alp. Fl. New Guinea, 3: 2389 (1982)

species :

Persicaria sagittata (L.) H.Gross; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37: II. 113 (1919)

Name: Arrowleaf tearthumb

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, ?Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); North Korea; South Korea; Mongolia; Russian Far East; Ireland [I]; Dominican Republic; Venezuela (Monagas); Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia); Bhutan; Nepal; Canada (Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)

10 ire 30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BHU NEP 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 81 HIS 82 VEN

Remarks: separation of. T. sieboldii highly disputed

Synonyms: hidden

= Helxine sagittatum (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 10, 95 (1837)

= Persicaria aestiva Ohki, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 40: 55 (1926)

= Persicaria anguillana (Koidz.) Honda, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 53: 383 (1939)

= Persicaria belophylla (Litv. ex Grigorj.) Kitag., Neo-Lineam. Fl. Manshur.: 232 (1979)

= Truellum sagittatum (L.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 149 (1974)

= Persicaria sagittata f. aestiva (Ohki)H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 55(7): 212 (1980)

= Persicaria sagittata f. paludosa (Komar.) H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 55(7): 212 (1980)

= Persicaria sagittata f. sericea (Nakai) H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 55(7): 213(1980)

= Persicaria sagittata f. viridialba (Honda) H.Hara, J. JapBot., 55(7): 213 (1980)

= Persicaria sagittata var. sieboldii (Meisn.) Nakai, Saishu-to Kuan-to Shokubutsu Hokoku-sho [Fl. Quelpaert Isl.] 41 (1914)

= Persicaria sericea H.Gross, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 23: 31 (1913)

= Persicaria sieboldii (Meisn.) Ohki, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 54 (1926)

= Persicaria sieboldii f. pilosa Hara

= Persicaria sieboldii var. paludosa (Kom.) Nakai ex Kitag., Lin. Fl. Manshur. 180 (1939)

= Persicaria sieboldii var. sericea Nakai ex T.B.Lee, Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 585 (1979)

= Persicaria sieboldii var. tomentosa Hara

= Polygonum aestivum (Ohki) Makino, Ill. Fl. Jap. 622 (1948)

= Polygonum anguillanum Koidz., Acta Phytotax. & Geobot., Kyoto, 8: 51 (1939)

= Polygonum belophyllum Litv., Spisok Rast. Gerb. Fl. SSSR Bot. Inst. Vsesojuzn. Akad. Nauk 9: 25 (1932)

= Polygonum paludosum (Kom.) Kom., Fl. URSS, 5: 689, 726. (1936)

= Polygonum sagittata var. sieboldii (Meisn.) Nakai

= Polygonum sagittatum f. aestivum (Ohki) Murata, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 32(1-4): 48 (1981)

= Polygonum sagittatum f. pilosum (Hara) Murata, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 32(1-4): 48 (1981)

= Polygonum sagittatum f. sericeum (Nakai) Murata, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 32(1-4): 49 (1981)

= Polygonum sagittatum f. tomentosum (Hara) Murata, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 32(1-4): 49 (1981)

= Polygonum sagittatum f. viridialbum (Honda) Murata, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 32(1-2): 49 (1981)

= Polygonum sagittatum L., Sp. Pl. 363 (1753)

= Polygonum sagittatum ssp. sieboldii (Meisn.) Vorosch., A. K. Skvortsov (ed.), Florist. issl. v razn. raionakh SSSR: 164 (1985)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. aestivum Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 6: 49 (1892)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. boreale Meisn., Monogr. Polyg. 65 (1826)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. hallaisanense H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 171 (1910)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. ovalifolium Farw., Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 95 (1924)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. paludosum Kom., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 22: 133 (1904)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. pubescens Keller

= Polygonum sagittatum var. sericeum Nakai, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 11: 16 (1908)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. sibiricum Meisn., Prodr. (DC.) 14: 132 (1856)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. sieboldii (Meisn.) Maxim. ex Kom., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 22: 132 (1903)

= Polygonum sieboldii Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 133 (1856)

= Polygonum sieboldii var. aestivum (Ohki) Ohwi, Fl. Jap. (Ohwi) 465 (1953)

= Polygonum sieboldii var. brevifolia Kitag.

= Polygonum sieboldii var. pratense Y.L.Chang & S.X.Li

= Tasoba sagittata (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 95 (1836)

= Tracaulon arifolium var. pubescens (Keller) Moldenke, Phytologia 29(5): 386 (1975 publ. 1974)

= Tracaulon sagittatum (L.) Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. 381 (1903)

= Tracaulon sagittatum var. gracilentum (Fernald) C.F.Reed, Phytologia, 50(7): 461 (1982)

= Tracaulon sibiricum (Meisn.) Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 22 (1904)

= Tracaulon sieboldii (Meisn.) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum aestivum (Ohki) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 145 (1974)

= Truellum paludosum (Kom.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 148 (1974)

= Truellum sericeum (Nakai) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 149 (1974)

= Truellum sibiricum (Meisn.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 149 (1974)

= Truellum sieboldii (Meisn.) Soják, Preslia, 46(21: 149 (1974)

species :

Persicaria sagittifolia (H.Lév. & Vaniot) H.Gross; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49(2): 248 (1913)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Truellum darrisii (Lév.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 145 (1974)

= Persicaria senticosa var. sagittifolia (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Yonek. & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 72(3): 160 (1997)

= Polygonum darrisii Lév., Fedde, Repert. 11: 297 (1912)

= Polygonum sagittifolium H.Lév. & Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. 11: 342 (1902)

= Polygonum senticosum var. sagittifolium (H.Lév. & Vaniot) C.W.Park, Brittonia 38: 218 (1986)

species :

Persicaria salarkhanii (Hassan) comb.ined.

Distribution: Bangladesh; India

40 BAN IND

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Ampelygonum salarkhanii Hassan, Bangladesh J. Bot. 20(2): 245 (1991)

species :

Persicaria salicifolia (Brouss. ex Willd.) Assenov; Jordanov, Fl. Nar. Rep. Bulg. 3: 243 (1966)

subspecies :

subsp. salicifolia

Name: Weidenblättriger Knöterich (DE); Sanguinaria de agua (ES)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Malta; Sicily; Italy; Albania; Croatia; Montenegro; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Bulgaria; Greece; Crete; Libya; Tunisia; Algeria; Morocco; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera); Taiwan [I]; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Namibia; Botswana; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea; Mali; Annobon Isl.; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Niger; Chad; ?Sudan; Burkina Faso; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Kenya; Central African Republic; Uganda; Rwanda; Burundi; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Gabon; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Turkey (NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos); Cyprus (N-Cyprus); Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); European Turkey; Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Syria (coastal W-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Yemen (W-Yemen); India; Sri Lanka; Pakistan (Quetta, N. W. Frontier Prov., Peshawar, etc.); Bangladesh; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I])

12 ADO BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT MNT SIC TUE 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 ANN BUR CAF CMN CON GAB RWA ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT LES NAM SAF SWZ 34 CYP EAI IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 YEM 38 tai 40 BAN IND PAK SRL 50 aus

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria salicifolia (Brouss. ex Willd.) Munshi & Javeid, Syst. Stud. Polygonac. Kashmir Himalaya (J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Addit. Ser. 2): 73 (1986)

= Persicaria serrulata (Lag.) M.A.Hassan, Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon., 4(1): 99 (1997), comb. superfl.

= Persicaria serrulata (Lag.) Webb & Moq., Webb & Berthel., Hist. Nat. Canaries 3(2, 3): 219 (1846)

= Polygonum azoricum H.C.Watson ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 111 (1857)

= Polygonum ciliatum Ehrenb. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 111 (1857)

= Polygonum donii Meisn., Monogr. 72 (1826)

= Polygonum erythropus Dammer, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 170 (1895)

= Polygonum flaccidum Roxb., Hort. Beng. 29 (1814), Fl. Ind. 2: 291 (1824)

= Polygonum glabrum Roxb., Hort. Beng. 29 (1814), Fl. Ind. 2: 287 (1824)

= Polygonum hydropiper Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 240 (1790)

= Polygonum leuconeuron Peter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2, Anhang): 20 (1932)

= Polygonum macrochaetum Miq., Linnaea, 18: 242 (1844)

= Polygonum minus Ten., Syll. Fl. Neap. 196 (1831)

= Polygonum pseudohydropiper Salzm. ex Ball, Journ. L. Soc. 16: 653 (1878)

= Polygonum rapte Herb.Ham. ex Hook.fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 38 (1886)

= Polygonum rubicundum Sol. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 111 (1857)

= Polygonum salicifolium Brouss. ex Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol.: 428 (1809)

= Polygonum salicifolium var. serrulatum (Lag.) Maire & Weiller, Fl. Afrique N. T. 249 (1961)

= Polygonum scabrum Poir., Lam., Encycl. 6: 148 (1804) (non Moench, Methodus: 629 (1794))

= Polygonum serratuloides var. pseudohydropiper (Salzm. ex Meisn.) H.Lindb.

= Polygonum serrulatoides H.Lindb., Itin. Mediterr. (Act. Soc. Sc. Fenn. n. s. B, 1: No. 2) 40 (1932)

= Polygonum serrulatum Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl.: 14 (1816)

= Polygonum serrulatum var. angustifolium Peter

= Polygonum serrulatum var. salicifolium (Willd.) Ball, Spicil. Fl. Marocc. [Ball]: 653 (1878)

= Polygonum strictum Meisn., Linnaea, 14: 485 (1840)

subspecies :

subsp. mambillensis Ayodele; Feddes Repert. 113(7-8): 516 (2002)

Distribution: Nigeria

22 NGA

species :

Persicaria segetum (Kunth) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 378 (1903)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Córdoba, Cundinamarca); Costa Rica; Jamaica; Peru; Puerto Rico; Ecuador; Panama; Guatemala; Cuba; Nicaragua; Honduras; Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Venezuela (Merida, Zulia)

79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB JAM PUE 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria mexicana (Small) Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. 377 (1903)

= Polygonum acuminatum Mart. & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Brux. 10: n. 4: 12 (1843)

= Polygonum mexicanum Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 19: 356 (1892), et Monogr. N. Am. Polygon. (Mem. Bot. Columb. Coll. i.) 60 (1895)

= Polygonum segetum Kunth, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 177 (1817)

species :

Persicaria senegalensis (Meisn.) Soják; Preslia 46: 155 (1974)

Name: Senegal-Knöterich (DE); Senegal Knotweed (EN)

Distribution: Algeria; Morocco; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Botswana; Namibia; Guinea-Bissau; Burkina Faso; Seychelles; Senegal; Gambia; Mali; Niger; Nigeria; Chad; Central African Republic; Sudan; South Sudan; Gabon; Cameroon; Benin; Togo; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; São Tomé; Angola; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda; Rwanda; ?Burundi; Zambia; Zimbabwe; ?Mozambique; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); N-Yemen; Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos)

13 KRI 20 ALG EGY MOR 22 BEN BKN GAM GNB MLI NGA NGR SEN TOG 23 CAF CMN CON GAB RWA SAO ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 29 COM mau MDG reu SEY 34 EAI ISR SIN 35 YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Amblygonum senegalense (Meisn.) P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 686 (2018)

= Persicaria sambesiaca (J.Schust.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 155 (1974)

= Persicaria tanganyikae (J.Schust.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 155 (1974)

= Polygonum articulatum Perr. ex Meisn., Monogr. 54 (1826)

= Polygonum macrochaeton Fresen., Flora, 21: 601 (1838)

= Polygonum sambesicum J.Schust., Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. 8: 708 (1908)

= Polygonum senegalense Meisn., Monogr. Polyg. 54 (1826)

= Polygonum tanganyikae J.Schust., Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. 8: 709 (1908)

form :

f. albotomentosa (R.A.Graham) K.L.Wilson; Kew Bull., 45(4): 630 (1990)

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Botswana; Mauritius [I]; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Gabon; Chad; Mozambique; Central African Republic; South Sudan; Angola; Congo [Brazzaville]; etc.

22 GNB GUI 23 CAF CON GAB 24 CHA SSU 26 ANG MOZ 27 BOT SAF SWZ 29 mau

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. africana (Meisn.) Soják, Preslia. 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Polygonum glutinosum var. ecpensis Meisn.

= Polygonum lanigerum var. africanum Meisn.

= Polygonum senegalense f. albotomentosum Graham

= Polygonum senegalense ssp. albotomentosum (Graham) Germish., Bothalia, 16: 233 (1986)

species :

Persicaria senticosa (Meisn.) H.Gross; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37: II. 113 (1919)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; North Korea; South Korea; Russian Far East; Vietnam

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Chylocalyx senticosus Meisn., Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 65 (1865)

= Truellum senticosum (Meisn.) Danser, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. Ser. III. 8: 31 (1926)

= Persicaria senticosa (Meisn.) Nakai, Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 133 (1922)

= Persicaria truellum (Koidz.) Honda, Inui & Honda, List Pl. Itsukushima, 11 (1934)

= Polygonum babingtonii Hance, Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. V. 5: 239 (1866)

= Polygonum senticosum (Meisn.) Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 401 (1875)

= Polygonum senticosum var. formosanum Ohwi

= Polygonum truellum Koidz., Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 40: 334 (1926)

= Polygonum typhoniifolium Hance, Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. V. 5: 239 (1866)

= Truellum japonicum Houttuyn, Handleid. Pl.-Kruidk. Aanwyz. Plaat. 48: fig. 1

species :

Persicaria setacea (Baldwin ex Elliott) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 379 (1903)

Name: Bog smartweed

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington); Mexico (Michoacan, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe, Tucuman); Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Caazapa, Central, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Uruguay (Cerro Largo)

73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria setacea var. interjectum (Fernald) C.F.Reed, Phytologia, 50(7): 461 (1982)

= Persicaria setacea var. tonsa (Fernald) C.F.Reed, Phytologia, 50(7): 461 (1982)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. setaceum (Baldwin) Gleason, Phytologia 4: 23 (1952)

= Polygonum setaceum Baldwin ex Elliott, Sketch, 1: 455 (1817)

= Polygonum setaceum var. interjectum Fernald, Rhodora 40: 414, fig (1938)

= Polygonum setaceum var. tonsum Fernald, Rhodora 40: 414, fig (1938)

species :

Persicaria setosula (A.Rich.) K.L.Wilson; Kew Bull., 45(4): 632 (1990)

Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Asir); Ethiopia; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; South Sudan; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Kenya; Tanzania; E-Zambia; Zimbabwe; Cameroon; Angola; Togo

22 TOG 23 BIO BUR CMN GAB RWA ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria hololeion (Peter) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Persicaria quarrei (De Wild.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Polygonum barbatum var. fischeri Dammer

= Polygonum hololeion Peter, Abh. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, n.f. 13: 11. 53 (1928), in clavi, et Fedde, Repert. Beih. 40: II. Anhang, 19 (1932)

= Polygonum holotrichum Peter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2, Anhang): 21 (1932)

= Polygonum hydrophilum Peter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2, Anhang): 20 (1932)

= Polygonum mildbraedii Dammer, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr.-Exped. 1907-8, 2: 202 (1911)

= Polygonum nyikense Baker, Kew Bull., 280 (1897)

= Polygonum poiretii var. latifolium Dammer

= Polygonum quarrei De Wild., Contrib. Fl. Katanga, Suppl. 3, 105 (1930)

= Polygonum setosulum A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 227 (1851)

species :

Persicaria sinica Migo; Journ. Shanghai Sc. Inst. Sect. III. 4: 143 (1939)

Distribution: China (Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Remarks: bona sp. fide Li (2014)

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum sinicum (Migo) C.F.Fang & W.L.Zheng

species :

Persicaria sinuata (Royle ex Bab.) Rajbh. & R.Joshi; J. Jap. Bot., 70(6): 332 (1995)

Distribution: Nepal; Pakistan (Baltistan); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND NEP PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum sinuatum Royle ex Bab., Trans. L. Soc. 18: 108 (1841)

= Cephalophilon sinuatum (Royle ex Bab.) Qaiser & A.Perveen, Pakistan J. Bot. 43(6): 2765 (2011)

species :

Persicaria snobarii Munshi & Javeid; Syst. Stud. Polygonac. Kashmir Himalaya (J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Addit. Ser. 2): 73 (1986)

Distribution: India

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum snobarii (Munshi & Javeid) R.C.Srivast., Indian Forester 133(2): 271 (2007)

species :

Persicaria stelligera (Cham.) Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 136 (2009)

Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones, Santa Fe); Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Itapua, Misiones, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Uruguay (San Jose); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (São Paulo)

84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Truellum stelligerum (Cham.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 149 (1974)

= Polygonum acanthophyllum Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. 19: Beibl. n. 48 12 (1894)

= Polygonum bonaerense Speg., Anal. Soc. Cient. Argent. 15: 104 (1883)

= Polygonum stelligerum Cham., Linnaea, 8: 131 (1833)

= Tracaulon stelligerum (Cham.) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

species :

Persicaria strigosa (R.Br.) Nakai; Rigakkai, 24: 299 (1926)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, ?Jiangsu, Yunnan); ?Tibet; Bhutan; India (Sikkim); Nepal; Thailand; Vietnam; Laos; Philippines (Luzon); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Uganda; Kenya; Angola; Tanzania; Madagascar; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Java; peninsular Malaysia (once from Penang); Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobars); Myanmar (Mandalay, Sagaing); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; New Zealand [I]

25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 29 MDG 36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 JAW MLY PHI 50 aus 51 nzl

Synonyms: hidden

= Truellum strigosum (R.Br.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 149 (1974)

= Polygonum arifolium Spreng., Syst. 2: 258 (1825)

= Polygonum auriculatum Hook.fil. & Thomson ex Hook.fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 47 (1886)

= Polygonum bodinieri Lév. & Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 11: 343 (1902)

= Polygonum hispidulum Blume, Bijdr. 535 (1826)

= Polygonum horridum Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb., Hort. Beng. 29 (1841), Fl. Ind. 2: 291 (1824)

= Polygonum muricatum Wall., Cat. n.1697 (1830)

= Polygonum pedunculare var. angustissimum Hook.fil.

= Polygonum sagittatum D.Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 73 (1825)

= Polygonum strigosum R.Br., Prod. 420 (1810)

= Tracaulon hispidulum Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Tracaulon strigosum (R.Br.) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

species :

Persicaria strindbergii (J.Schust.) Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 135 (2009)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum strindbergii J.Schust., Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. 8: 712 (1908)

species :

Persicaria subsagittata (De Wild.) Shao F.Chen & Bo Li; Phytotaxa 224(2): 196 (2015)

Distribution: Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Rwanda; ?Burundi

23 RWA 25 KEN TAN UGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum pedunculare var. subsagittatum De Wild.

= Polygonum subsagittatum (De Wild.) Park, Brittonia, 38(3): 218 (1986)

species :

Persicaria subsessilis (R.Br.) K.L.Wilson; Telopea, 3(2): 180 (1988)

Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Tasmania); New Caledonia

50 AUS 60 NWC

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum subsessile R.Br., Prod. 419 (1810)

= Persicaria minor ssp. subsessilis (R.Br.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 154 (1974)

species :

Persicaria sylvestris Funez & Hassemer; Nordic J. Bot. 36(1-2)-e01631: 2 (2017)

Distribution: Brazil (Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo)

84 BRA

species :

Persicaria taitoinsularis (Masam.) Yonek.; Fl. Jap. (Iwatsuki et al., eds.) 2a: 163 (2006)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum japonicum var. taitoinsulare Masam.

species :

Persicaria taquetii (Lév.) Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. & Geobot., Kyoto, 9: 72 (1940)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); South Korea

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria minutula (Makino) Nakai, Rigakkwai 29: 55 p. 12 (1926)

= Polygonum minutulum Makino, Bot. Mag, Tokyo, 28: 112 (1914)

= Polygonum taquetii Lév., Fedde, Repert. Nov. Sp. 8: 258 (1910)

species :

Persicaria thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) H.Gross; Bot. Jahrh. Syst. 49: 275 (1913)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, ?Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, ?Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; ?Tibet; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); North Korea; South Korea; Russian Far East; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Georgia [Caucasus]; India (Manipur, Sikkim); Nepal; Vietnam; Thailand

31 RFE 33 GEO 34 TUR 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 IND NEP 41 THA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria hastatotriloba (Meisn.) Okuyama

= Persicaria stellato-tomentosa (W.W.Sm. & Ramaswami) Nakai, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 45: 115 (1931)

= Truellum thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 149 (1974)

= Persicaria thunbergii var. stolonifera (F.Schmidt) H.Gross ex Nakai, Saishu-to Kuan-to Shokubutsu Hokoku-sho [Fl. Quelpaert Isl.] 41 (1914)

= Polygonum arifolium Thunb., Fl. Jap. 168 (1784) non L. 1753

= Polygonum debile var. hastatum Meisn., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 63 (1865)

= Polygonum hastatotrilobum Meisn., Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 62 (1865)

= Polygonum pteropus Hance, Journ. Bot. 7: 167 (1869)

= Polygonum stellato-tomentosum W.W.Sm. & Ramaswami, Rec. Bot. Surv. India, 6: 33 (1914)

= Polygonum stoloniferum F.Schmidt, Reis. Amur-Land., Bot. 168 (1868)

= Polygonum thunbergii Siebold & Zucc., Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 208 (1846)

= Polygonum thunbergii var. hastatotrilobum (Meisn.) Maxim. ex Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 475 (1878)

= Polygonum thunbergii var. stoloniferum (F.Schmidt) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 74 (1910)

= Tracaulon hastatotrilobum (Meisn.) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Tracaulon thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum stellato-tomentosum (W.W.Sm. & Ramaswami) Soják, Preslia, 46(2): 149 (1974)

species :

Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) H.Gross; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37: II. 114 (1919)

Name: Chinese Indigo

Distribution: China (Anhui, ?Fujian, ?Guangxi, ?Guizhou, ?Hainan, ?Hebei, ?Heilongjiang, ?Henan, Hubei, ?Hunan, ?Jiangsu, ?Shaanxi, ?Shandong, ?Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, ?Zhejiang); Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Russian Far East; Vietnam; South Korea [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]

31 RFE 32 tkm 33 ncs 36 CHI 38 kor nns 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Ampelygonum tinctorium (Aiton) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steud.) 1: 79 (1840)

= Pogalis tinctoria (Aiton) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1836)

= Polygonum tinctorium Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. II. 31 (1789)

species :

Persicaria umbrosa (Sam.) Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 135 (2009)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum umbrosum Sam., Hand.-Mazz. Symbolae Sinicae, Pt. 7, 182 (1929)

species :

Persicaria undulata (L.) H.Gross; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37: II. 114 (1919)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Atraphaxis inermis Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 2 (1768)

= Atraphaxis undulata L., Sp. Pl. 333 (1753)

= Polygonum atraphaxis Thunb., Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 385 (1823)

= Polygonum atraphaxoides Thunb., Prod. Pl. Cap. 77 (1794)

= Polygonum undulatum (L.) P.J.Bergius, Desc. Pl. Cap. 135 (1767)

species :

Persicaria virginiana (L.) Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 180 (1790)

Name: Jumpseed

Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Quebec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin); Mexico (Puebla, Veracruz); New Zealand [I]

51 nzl 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Antenoron racemosum Raf., Fl. Ludov. 28 (1817)

= Antenoron virginianum (L.) Roberty & Vautier, Boissiera, 10: 35 (1964)

= Persicaria virginiana f. albiflora (Hiyama) J.M.H.Shaw, Hanburyana 3: 6 (2008)

= Persicaria virginiana f. rubra (Moldenke) J.M.H.Shaw, Hanburyana 3: 7 (2008)

= Persicaria virginiana var. filiformis (Thunb.) J.M.H.Shaw, Hanburyana 3: 3 (2008)

= Persicaria virginiana var. kachina (Nieuwl.) J.M.H.Shaw, Hanburyana 3: 7 (2008)

= Polygonum muticum Moench, Meth. Suppl. 266 (1802)

= Polygonum virginianum L., Sp. Pl. 360 (1753)

= Polygonum virginianum var. glaberrimum (Fernald) Steyerm., Rhodora 62: 130 (1960)

= Sunania virginiana (L.) Hara, Journ. Jap. Bot. 37: 330 (1962)

= Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 12 (1837)

= Tovara virginiana var. glaberrima Fernald, Rhodora 39: 404 (1937)

species :

Persicaria viscofera (Makino) H.Gross; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37: II. 114 (1919)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Russian Far East

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria excurrens (Steward) Koidz., Acta Phytotax. & Geobot., Kyoto, 9: 73 (1940)

= Persicaria makinoi (Nakai) Nakai, Saishu-to Kuan-to Shokubutsu Hokoku-sho [Fl. Quelpaert Isl.] 41 (1914)

= Persicaria viscofera var. robusta (Makino) Hiyama, J. Jap. Bot. 36: 67 (1961)

= Persicaria viscofera (Makino) Nakai, Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 134 (1922) (isonym)

= Polygonum excurrens Steward, Contrib. Gray Herb. n. s. 88: 65 (1930)

= Polygonum makinoi Nakai, Veg. Isl. Quelpaert, 41 (1914), nomen, Cat. Sein. Hort. Tokyo, 34, descr. (1920)

= Polygonum viscoferum Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 17: 115 (1903)

= Polygonum viscoferum ssp. robustum (Makino) Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 206 (1962)

= Polygonum viscoferum var. robustum Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 116 (1904)

species :

Persicaria viscosa (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross ex Nakai; Riggakai 24: 300 (1926)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); North Korea; South Korea; Nepal; India; Thailand; ?Myanmar; Vietnam; Bangladesh; Russian Far East

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BAN IND NEP 41 THA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria kuekenthalii Lév., Fedde, Repert. 12: 286 (1913)

= Polygonum hirsutum Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 103 (1857), et ex Hook. fil., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 36 (1886)

= Polygonum kuekenthalii Lév., Fedde, Repert. 12: 286 (1913), et Cat. Pl. Yunnan, 207 (1916)

= Polygonum strigosum Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 129 (1857)

= Polygonum viscosum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 71 (1825)

species :

Persicaria wellensii (De Wild.) Soják; Preslia, 46(2): 155 (1974)

Distribution: W-D.R.Congo [Zaire]

23 ZAI

Remarks: only known from type collected in 1927

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum wellensii De Wild., Pl. Bequaert. 5: 270 (1931)

species :

Persicaria wugongshanensis B.Li; Phytotaxa 156(3): 134 (2014)

Distribution: China (Jiangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Persicaria ×brauniana (F.W.Schultz) Soják

Distribution: Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE

Remarks: P. maculosa x P. minor

species :

Persicaria ×condensata (F.W.Schultz) Soják

Distribution: Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE

Remarks: P. maculosa x P. mitis

species :

Persicaria ×figertii (Beck) Soják

Distribution: Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE

Remarks: P. hydropiper x P. lapathifolia (ssp. lapathifolia)

species :

Persicaria ×hybrida (Chaub. ex St.-Amans) Soják

Distribution: Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE

Remarks: P. hydropiper x P. mitis

species :

Persicaria ×intercedens (Beck) Soják

Distribution: Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE

Remarks: P. hydropiper x P. maculosa

species :

Persicaria ×pseudolapathum (Schur) D.H.Kent; List Vasc. Pl. Brit. Isles, Supp. 1: 36 (1996 publ. 19 Jan. 1997)

Distribution: Europe

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum ×pseudolapathum Schur, Enum. Pl. Transs. 584 (1866)

species :

Persicaria ×subglandulosa (Borbás) Soják

Distribution: Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE

Remarks: P. hydropiper x P. minor

...

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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