511.0000
Family
Acanthaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 102 (1789) (´Acanthi´), nom. cons.
ca. 192 genera, ca. 5500 spp. Phylogeny: Manzitto-Tripp et al. 2022
Species listed in database: 5554
= Avicenniaceae Miq.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 353 (1845), nom. cons.
= Justiciaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 60 (1838)
= Mendonciaceae Bremek.; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 56: 540 (1954)
= Meyeniaceae Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Nelsoniaceae (Nees) Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Thunbergiaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 979 (1870)
511.4505
Genus
Phlogacanthus Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 76, 99 (1832)
Distribution: S-Himalayas, China, Indochina, Malesia
Species listed in database: 44
= Cystacanthus T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 457 (1867)
= Diotacanthus Benth.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 1100 (1876)
= Janasia Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 63 (1836)
= Loxanthus Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 76, 322 (1832)
= Meninia Fua ex Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. t. 6043 (1873)
species :
Phlogacanthus abbreviatus
(Craib) Benoist; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 4: 712 (1935)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Thailand
36 CHI 41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cystacanthus abbreviatus Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 438 (1911)
species :
Phlogacanthus albiflorus
Bedd.; Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. [Beddome] 1: 40 (1868-74)
Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Diotacanthus albiflorus (Bedd.) Benth.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 1101 (1876)
species :
Phlogacanthus annamensis
Benoist; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 909 (1927 publ. 1928)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Phlogacanthus brevis
C.B.Clarke; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): 665 (1908)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Leda flava Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 36 (1912)
= Ptyssiglottis flava (Ridl.) Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 605 (1923)
species :
Phlogacanthus celebicus
Backer ex Bremek.; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 42: 392 (1948)
Distribution: Sulawesi; Lesser Sunda Isl.
42 LSI SUL
species :
Phlogacanthus changlangensis
P.Lungphi, A.V.Singh & A.P.Das; Pleione 15(3): 449 (2021)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Phlogacanthus colaniae
Benoist & Benoist; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 5(2): 109 (1936), et Notul. Syst. (Paris) 5: 109 (1936), latine
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan, Hainan); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Cystacanthus colaniae (Benoist & Benoist) Y.F.Deng; Fl. China 19: 477 (2011)
species :
Phlogacanthus cornutus
Benoist; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 910 (1927 publ. 1928)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Phlogacanthus curviflorus
(Wall.) Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 99 (1832)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Bago, Kachin, Mandalay); Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 LAO MYA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia curviflora Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 2: 9, t. 112 (1831)
= Phlogacanthus curviflorus var. brevicalyx C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 511 (1885)
variant :
var. menchanensis
Barnali Dutta & Borthakur; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 23(1): 71 (2016)
Distribution: India (Assam)
40 IND
species :
Phlogacanthus cymosus
(T.Anderson) Kurz; Forest Fl. Burma 2: 246 (1877)
Distribution: Myanmar (Mandalay)
41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cystacanthus cymosus T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 458 (1867)
species :
Phlogacanthus datii
(Benoist) D.V.Hai, Y.F.Deng & R.K.Choudhary; Phytotaxa 372(2): 168 (2018)
Distribution: Laos; Vietnam
41 LAO VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Cystacanthus datii Benoist; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 908 (1927 publ. 1928)
species :
Phlogacanthus elongatus
T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 508 (1867)
Distribution: Myanmar (Mon, Taninthayi)
41 MYA
species :
Phlogacanthus fuscus
Lindau; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 553 (1915)
Distribution: Java
42 JAW
species :
Phlogacanthus geoffrayi
Benoist; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 910 (1927 publ. 1928)
Distribution: Cambodia
41 CBD
species :
Phlogacanthus gomezii
J.R.I.Wood; Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(2): 182 (1994), nom. nov.
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi, Chin, Sagaing, Shan)
40 BAN IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Loxanthus gomezii Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 322 (1847)
= Phlogacanthus asperulus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7171 (1832)
= Phlogacanthus wallichii C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 511 (1884)
species :
Phlogacanthus gracilis
T.Anderson ex Burkill; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 10: 336 (1925)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh)
40 IND
Remarks: status doubtful
species :
Phlogacanthus grandis
Bedd.; Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. [Beddome] 1: 39 (1868)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Diotacanthus grandis (Bedd.) Benth.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 1101 (1876)
species :
Phlogacanthus guttatus
(Wall.) Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 99 (1832)
Distribution: Bhutan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya); Bangladesh
40 BAN BHU IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Dianthera guttata (Wall.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 63 (1838)
= Justicia guttata Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 1: 24, t. 28 (1829)
species :
Phlogacanthus insignis
Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 39(2): 79 (1870)
Distribution: Myanmar (Bago)
41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cystacanthus insignis C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 524 (1884)
species :
Phlogacanthus jenkinsii
C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 4: 513 (1884)
Distribution: India (Assam, Manipur); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin, Kayin, Sagaing)
40 BAN IND 41 MYA
species :
Phlogacanthus kjellbergii
Bremek.; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 42: 393 (1948)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
species :
Phlogacanthus lambertii
Raizada; Indian Forester 60: 535 (1934)
Distribution: NW-India (Uttarakhand)
40 IND
species :
Phlogacanthus magnus
(C.B.Clarke) Y.F.Deng; Gard. Bull. Singapore 66(2): 122 (2014)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Negeri Sembilan)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnostachyum magnum C.B.Clarke; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): 664 (1908)
species :
Phlogacanthus murtonii
Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 439 (1911)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia bivalvis Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 124 (1832), nom. illeg.
species :
Phlogacanthus paniculatus
(T.Anderson) J.B.Imlay; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 128 (1939)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Myanmar (Mon)
36 CHI 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cystacanthus paniculatus T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 458 (1867)
species :
Phlogacanthus parviflorus
T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 506 (1867)
Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin)
40 BAN IND 41 MYA
species :
Phlogacanthus pauciflorus
J.B.Imlay; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 129 (1939)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Phlogacanthus pedunculatus
J.B.Imlay; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 128 (1939)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Phlogacanthus pochinii
Raizada; Indian Forest Rec., Bot. 3: 128 (1941)
Distribution: Myanmar (Kayin)
41 MYA
species :
Phlogacanthus poilanei
Benoist; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 81: 604 (1934)
Distribution: Cambodia
41 CBD
species :
Phlogacanthus prostratus
J.B.Imlay; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 130 (1939)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Phlogacanthus pubiflorus
Lindau; Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 659 (1897)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Phlogacanthus pubinervius
T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 508 (1867)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin, Mandalay, Shan); Laos
36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 LAO MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aeschynanthus dunnii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 453 (1911)
= Lonicera menelii H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 63 (1914)
species :
Phlogacanthus pulcherrimus
T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 507 (1867)
Distribution: Myanmar; ?Vietnam
41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cystacanthus pulcherrimus (T.Anderson) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 514 (1885)
species :
Phlogacanthus pyramidalis
(Benoist) Benoist; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 4: 711 (1935)
Distribution: China (Hainan); N-Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Cystacanthus pyramidalis Benoist; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 907 (1927 publ. 1928)
species :
Phlogacanthus racemosus
Bremek.; Dansk Bot. Ark. 20: 76 (1961)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Phlogacanthus rectiflorus
J.B.Imlay; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 130 (1939)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Phlogacanthus sudhansusekharii
R.Maity & S.Goswami; Indian J. Forest. 46(4): 200 (2024)
Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis
(Roxb. ex Hardw.) Mabb.; Bot. Hist. Hort. Malabaricus [K.S.Manilal] 83 (1980), et Taxon 29(56): 606 (1980)
Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Sikkim, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin, Mon, Sagaing); Thailand
40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia thyrsiflora Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 3 (1814), nomen
= Justicia thyrsiformis Roxb. ex Hardw.; Asiat. Res. 6: 349 (1799)
= Justicia thyrsoides Roxb. ex Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 321 (1847)
= Phlogacanthus longisepalus Bremek.; Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 210 (1965)
= Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus (Roxb.) Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 99 (1832)
species :
Phlogacanthus tubiflorus
(Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.) Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 99 (1832)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mandalay)
40 BAN IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia tubiflora Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2428 (1830)
= Phlogacanthus tubiflorus var. angustifolius Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 321 (1847)
species :
Phlogacanthus turgidus
(Fua ex Hook.f.) Lindau; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 2: 211 (1900)
Distribution: Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Vietnam; Martinique [I]
29 mau reu 41 VIE 81 mar
Synonyms: hidden
= Cystacanthus harmandii Benoist; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 908 (1927 publ. 1928)
= Cystacanthus turgida (Fua ex Hook.f.) G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard. 1: 428 (1884)
= Meninia turgida Fua ex Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. t. 6043 (1873)
species :
Phlogacanthus vitellinus
(Roxb.) T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 507 (1867)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Thailand
36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND 41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cystacanthus vitellinus (Roxb.) Y.F.Deng; Fl. China 19: 477 (2011)
= Endopogon vitellinus (Roxb.) Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 723 (1847)
= Janasia rosea Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 63 (1836)
= Janasia rubra Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 63 (1836)
= Justicia asperula G.Lodd.; Bot. Cab. 17: t. 1681 (1831), nomen
= Justicia quadrangularis Hook.; Bot. Mag. t. 2845 (1828)
= Justicia vitellina Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 3 (1814), nomen
= Phlogacanthus asperulus (Lodd.) Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 99 (1832)
= Phlogacanthus quadrangularis (Hook.) H.Heine; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Sér. 4, 10(2): 148 (1988)
= Sphinctacanthus siamensis C.B.Clarke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41: 73 (1907)
species :
Phlogacanthus xanthophyllus
H.C.Xi, W.G.Wang & Y.M.Shui; Nordic J. Bot. 2025(8)- e04585: 2 (2025)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Phlogacanthus yangtsekiangensis
(H.Lév.) C.Xia & Y.F.Deng; Phytotaxa 104(1): 58 (2013)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cystacanthus affinis W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 103 (1916)
= Cystacanthus yangtsekiangensis (H.Lév.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 16: 315 (1935)
= Cystacanthus yunnanensis W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 104 (1916)
= Strobilanthes yangtsekiangensis H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 7 (1915)
