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Ver. 15.1
March 8th, 2023

139.0000 Family Arecaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 266 (1820), nom. cons., nom. alt.
181-183 genera, ca. 2800 spp.
Species listed in database: 2736; hybrids: 23
= Acristaceae O.F.Cook; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 16: 252 (1913)
= Borassaceae Schultz Sch.; Nat. Syst. Pflanzenr.: 318 (1832)
= Calamaceae Kunth ex Perleb; Clav. Class.: 13 (1838)
= Ceroxylaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 544 (1895)
= Chamaedoreaceae O.F.Cook; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 16: 252 (1913)
= Cocosaceae Schultz Sch.; Nat. Syst. Pflanzenr.: 316 (1832)
= Coryphaceae Schultz Sch.; Nat. Syst. Pflanzenr.: 317 (1832)
= Geonomataceae O.F.Cook; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 16: 252 (1913)
= Iriarteaceae O.F.Cook & Doyle; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 16: 225 (1913)
= Lepidocaryaceae Mart.; Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 196 (1838)
= Malortieaceae O.F.Cook; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 16: 252 (1913)
= Manicariaceae O.F.Cook; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 13: 140 (1910)
= Moreniaceae O.F.Cook; A. P. Northrop, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 12: 24 (1902)
= Nypaceae Brongn. ex Le Maout & Decne.; Traité Général Bot.: 624 (1868)
= Palmae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 37 (1789), nom. cons.
= Phoenicaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 395, 1155 (1835)
= Phytelephantaceae Mart. ex Perleb; Clav. Class.: 11 (1838)
= Pseudophoenicaceae O.F.Cook; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 16: 243 (1913)
= Rhapidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 266 (1820)
= Sabalaceae Schultz Sch.; Nat. Syst. Pflanzenr.: 317 (1832)
= Sagaceae Schultz Sch.; Nat. Syst. Pflanzenr.: 316 (1832)
= Synechanthaceae O.F.Cook; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 16: 252 (1913)
139.3261 Genus Phoenix L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 1188 (1753)
Distribution: Tropical Old World: Macaronesia, S-Mediterranean, Africa, Arabia, India to S-China, W-Malesia and Philippines; many of them in desert climates
Species listed in database: 14
= Dachel Adans.; Fam. 2: 25 (1763)
= Elate L.; Mus. Cliff. 12 (1736)
= Fulchironia Lesch.; Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. ed. III. 29 (1829)
= Palma Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abridg. Ed. 4 (1754)
= Phoniphora Neck.; Elem. 3: 302 (1790)
= Zelonops Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 102 (1836)
species :
Phoenix acaulis Roxb.; [Hort. Bengal.: 73 (1814), nom. nud.] ex Buch.-Ham. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: 783 (1832)
Distribution: India (almost throughout); Bangladesh; Nepal; China [I] (Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Yunnan); Myanmar; Laos; Trinidad & Tobago [I]
36 chi 40 BAN IND NEP 41 LAO MYA 81 trt
Synonyms: hidden
= Phoenix acaulis var. melanocarpa Griff.; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 346 (1845)
species :
Phoenix andamanensis S.Barrow; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, 53(3): 538 (1998)
Distribution: Andaman Isl.
41 AND
Synonyms: hidden
= Phoenix andamanensis Sander & C.F.Sander ex R.H.Pearson; Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 53(1375): 294 (1913)
species :
Phoenix atlantica A.Chev.; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. II. 7: 137 (1935)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Santa Luzia Isl., Sal Isl., Ilha da Boa Vista, Ilha de Maio, Ilha de Sao Tiago)
21 CVI
Synonyms: hidden
= Phoenix atlantidis A.Chev.; Compt. Rend., cxcix. 1153 (1934)
species :
Phoenix caespitosa Chiov.; Fl. Somala, 317 (1929)
Distribution: N-Somalia; Djibouti; Eritrea; Saudi Arabia; Yemen
24 DJI ERI SOM 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Phoenix arabica Burret; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73: 189 (1943)
species :
Phoenix canariensis Chabaud; Provence Agric. 19: 293 (1882)
Name: Kanaren-Dattelpalme (DE); Palmera canaria (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Madeira [I] (Madeira [I]); Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Mediterranean [I]; Croatia [I]; SW-Europe [I]; Gibraltar [I]; Spain [I]; Turkey [I]; Java [I]; tropical Africa [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire] [I] (Tshopo etc.); Fiji [I]; Marshall Isl. [I] (Jaluit [I]); Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); Guam [I]; Niue [I]; New Zealand [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Navassa Isl. [I]; Argentina [I]; Colombia [c]; Bolivia [c]; Honduras [c]; Mexico [I]; USA [I] (California [I], Florida [I]); Australia [I] (SW-Western Australia [I], SE-South Australia [I], N-Victoria [I], New South Wales [I])
12 gib spa 13 cro 20 alg mor tun 21 CNY mdr 23 zai 34 tur 42 jaw 50 aus 51 nzl 60 fij nue 62 gum mic mrs 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 hon nic 81 nav 82 clm 83 bol 85 arg
Synonyms: hidden
= Phoenix canariensis var. porphyrococca Vasc. & Franco; Portugaliae Act. Biol., Sér. B, Sist. 2: 313 (1948)
= Phoenix cycadifolia Hort.Athen. ex Regel; Gartenfl. 28: (1879) 131. t. 974
= Phoenix dactylifera var. jubae Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3: 289 (1847)
= Phoenix erecta Hort. ex Sauvage; Rev. Hortic. 66: 495 (1894)
= Phoenix jubae (Webb) Christ; Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 6: 469 (1885)
= Phoenix macrocarpa Hort. ex Sauvage; Rev. Hortic. 66: 495 (1894)
= Phoenix tenuis Verschaff.; Cat. (1869) 13, cum ic.
= Phoenix vigieri Hort. ex Naudin; Rev. Hortic. (1885) 541, in nota
species :
Phoenix dactylifera L.; Sp. Pl. 1188 (1753)
Name: Echte Dattelpalme (DE); Date (EN); Dattier (FR); Datil (ES)
Distribution: Iraq; S-Iran; Sinai peninsula; Algeria; Libya; Morocco; Tunisia; S-Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan); Saudi Arabia; Qatar; Oman; Turkey [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Rhodos); Mexico [I]; Colombia [c]; Bolivia [c]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I]); Anguilla [I]; Isla Margarita [I]; Australia [I]; (Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I]); Java [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Cambodia [I]; Maldives [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Myanmar [I]; Soqotra [I]; Somalia [I]; Gambia [I]; Seychelles [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Madagascar [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; São Tomé [I]; Benin [I]; Namibia [I]; Sudan [I]; African Republic [I]; Mozambique Channel Isl. [Iles Éparses] [I] (Ile Europa [I]); Chad [I]; Fiji [I]; China [I] (Fujian [I], Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Yunnan [I]); S-Europe [I]; SE-Spain [I]; Marshall Isl. [I] (Majuro [I], Jaluit [I]); Banaba [Ocean] Isl. [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); Niue [I]; N-Line Isl. [I] (Tabueran [I]); Guam [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Austral Isl. [I] (Tubuai [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Lanzarote [I], Fuerteventura [I], Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I]; Egypt; USA [I] (Arizona [I], California [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I]); Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Croatia [c]; Honduras [c]
12 spa 13 cro 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 cny cvi mdr 22 ben bkn gam 23 sao 24 cha soc som sud 27 nam 29 mau mci mdg reu rod sey 34 eai IRN IRQ SIN tur 35 OMA QAT SAU 36 chi 40 ban mdv PAK srl 41 cbd mya 42 jaw 50 aus 60 fij nue oce rot 61 aui lin 62 gum mic mrs 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 hon 81 agu cay his pue trt ven vir 82 clm 83 bol
Synonyms: hidden
= Palma dactylifera (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8: 1 (1768)
= Palma major Garsault; Fig. Pl. Anim. Med. t. 47 (1764)
= Phoenix atlantica var. maroccana A.Chev.; Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 2: 172 (1952)
= Phoenix dactylifera var. adunca D.Christ ex Becc.; Malesia 3: 357 (1890)
= Phoenix dactylifera var. costata Becc.; Malesia 3: 357 (1890)
= Phoenix dactylifera var. cylindrocarpa Mart.; Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 258 (1838)
= Phoenix dactylifera var. gonocarpa Mart.; Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 258 (1838)
= Phoenix dactylifera var. oocarpa Mart.; Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 258 (1838)
= Phoenix dactylifera var. oxysperma Mart.; Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 258 (1838)
= Phoenix dactylifera var. sphaerocarpa Mart.; Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 258 (1838)
= Phoenix dactylifera var. sphaerosperma Mart.; Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 258 (1838)
= Phoenix dactylifera var. sylvestris Mart.; Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 258 (1838)
= Phoenix excelsior Cav.; Icon. 2: 13 (1793)
species :
Phoenix loureiroi Kunth; Enum. Pl. 3: 257 (1841)
Distribution: Taiwan; China (Hainan); Myanmar (Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing); NW-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Tamil Nadu); Nepal; Cambodia; Thailand; Vietnam; Laos; Philippines (Batanes: Sabtan); Fiji [I]
36 CHI 38 TAI 40 IND NEP 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 PHI 60 fij
Synonyms: hidden
= Phoenix hanceana Naudin; J. Bot. 17(198): 174 (1879)
= Phoenix hanceana var. formosana Becc.; Philipp. J. Sci. 3(6): 339 (1908)
= Phoenix hanceana var. philippinensis Becc.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 3: 339 (1908)
= Phoenix humilis var. hanceana (Naudin) Becc.; Malesia 3: 392 (1890)
= Phoenix humilis var. loureiroi (Kunth) Becc.; Malesia 3: 382 (1890)
= Phoenix pusilla Lour.; Fl. Cochinch.: 614 (1790) [nom. illeg.]
= Phoenix pygmaea Raeusch.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 3: 375 (1797)
variant :
var. pedunculata (Griff.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Palms 171 (170) (2005)
Distribution: Bangladesh; N-India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu); Nepal
40 BAN IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Phoenix humilis Royle; [Ill. Bot. Himal.: 8, 14 (1833), nom. nud.] ex Becc. & Hook. f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 416 (1892)
= Phoenix humilis var. pedunculata (Griff.) Becc.; Malesia 3: 384 (1890)
= Phoenix humilis var. robusta Becc.; Malesia 3: 384 (1890)
= Phoenix loureiroi var. humilis S.Barrow; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 53: 563 (1998)
= Phoenix ouseleyana Griff.; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 347 (1845)
= Phoenix pedunculata Griff.; Palms Brit. E. Ind.: 139 (1850)
= Phoenix robusta (Becc.) Hook. f.; Fl. Brit. India 6: 427 (1892)
species :
Phoenix paludosa Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 73; Fl. Ind. 3: 789 (1832)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan, Trengganu, Penang Isl., Perak); NE-India (Assam, Odisha, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Thailand; Andaman Isl. (Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl.; Vietnam; Sumatra; Cambodia; Myanmar
40 BAN IND 41 AND CBD MYA NCB THA VIE 42 MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Phoenix siamensis Miq.; Verh. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. 11: (1868) n. 5. p. 14
= Phoenix andamanensis W.Mill; J. G. Sm. & N. Taylor in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2594 (1916) [nom. illeg.]
species :
Phoenix pusilla Gaertn.; Fruct. 1: 24. t. 9 (1788)
Distribution: S-India (Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Elate humilis Hort.Angl. ex Pasq.; Cat. Ort. Bot. Nap. 41, nomen
= Elate versicolor Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 264 (1796)
= Phoenix farinifera Roxb.; Pl. Corom. 1: 53, t. 74 (1796)
= Phoenix spadicea Wight ex Mart.; Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 274 (1853)
= Phoenix sylvestris Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 329 (1859)
= Phoenix zeylanica Trimen; J. Bot. 23: 267 (1885)
= Zelonops pusilla (Gaertn.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 102 (1837)
species :
Phoenix reclinata Jacq.; Fragm. 1: 27. t. 24 (1801)
Name: Senegal Date Palm
Distribution: Sudan; South Sudan; Gambia; Benin; Ghana; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Togo; Liberia; Nigeria; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Burundi; Central African Republic; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Equatorial Guinea; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Rwanda; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda; Angola; Malawi; Mozambique; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Namibia; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Madagascar (widespread); Saudi Arabia (Asir, NE-Saudi Arabia); Yemen (Tihama, W-Yemen); Java [I]; USA [I] (Florida [I]); Colombia [c]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I]; Antigua [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]
22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 BIO BUR CAF CMN CON EQG GAB RWA ZAI 24 ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 29 COM MDG 35 SAU YEM 42 jaw 78 usa 81 aba pue trt vir 82 clm
Synonyms: hidden
= Fulchironia senegalensis Lesch.; Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. ed. III. 29 (1829)
= Phoenix abyssinica Drude; Engl. Jahrb. 21: 117, 119, in clavi (1895)
= Phoenix baoulensis A.Chev.; Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 32: 224 (1952)
= Phoenix comorensis Becc.; Engl. Jahrb. 38: Beibl. 87, 5 (1906)
= Phoenix djalonensis A.Chev.; Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 32: 223 (1952)
= Phoenix dybowskii A.Chev.; Etudes Fl. Afr. Centr. Franc. 1: 331 (1913), nomen, et ex A. Chev., Rev. Bot. Appliq. 32: 224 (1952)
= Phoenix equinoxialis Bojer; Hortus Maurit.: 306 (1837)
= Phoenix leonensis Lodd. ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. 3: 257 (1841)
= Phoenix reclinata var. comorensis (Becc.) Jum. & Perrier; Fl. Mad. 30: 20 (1945)
= Phoenix reclinata var. madagascariensis Becc.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38(87): 4 (1906)
= Phoenix reclinata var. somalensis Becc.in E.Chiovenda; Result. Sci. Miss. Stefan.-Paoli Somal. Ital: 176 (1916)
= Phoenix senegalensis Van Houtte ex Salomon; Regel, Gartenfl. (1882) 305
= Phoenix spinosa Schumach. & Thonn.in H.C.F.Schumach.; Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 437 (1827)
= Phoenix zanzibarensis Hort. ex Gentil; Pl. Cult. Serres Jard. Bot. Brux. 149 (1907)
species :
Phoenix roebelenii O´Brien; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 6: 475, f. 68 (1889)
Name: Robelini (Dominican Republic); Palma de datil enana (Puerto Rico); Pygmy date palm
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan); ?Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; Laos; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Majuro [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I]); Niue [I]; Guam [I]; Colombia [c]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I]); Lesser Antilles [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Honduras [I]
36 CHI 41 LAO THA VIE 60 nue 61 coo 62 gum mic mrs 80 hon 81 his pue trt vir 82 clm
species :
Phoenix rupicola T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc. 11: 13 (1871)
Name: Datil del sur (Cuba), Datil de las rocas (Puerto Rico)
Distribution: Bhutan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Java [I]; Thailand [I]; Cuba [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I]; Lesser Antilles [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]
40 BAN BHU IND 41 tha 42 jaw 81 cub pue trt vir
species :
Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb.; [Hort. Bengal.: 73 (1814), nom. nud.], Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: 787 (1832)
Name: Datil silvestre (Puerto Rico)
Distribution: NW-India (almost throughout); Nepal; Pakistan; Bangladesh; Java [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Fiji [I]; China [I] (Fujian [I], Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Yunnan [I]); Myanmar [I]; Society Isl. [I] (Raiatea [I]); Guam [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; N-Line Isl. [I] (Kiritimati [I]); Mauritius [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I]; Lesser Antilles [I]
29 mau 36 chi 40 BAN IND NEP PAK srl 41 mya 42 jaw 60 fij rot 61 lin sci 62 gum 81 pue vir
Synonyms: hidden
= Elate sylvestris L.; Sp. PI.: 1189 (1753)
species :
Phoenix theophrasti Greuter; Bauhinia 3: 243 (1967)
Distribution: Crete; Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)
13 KRI 34 TUR
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 15.1 (March 8th, 2023)

Covering 353,598 accepted species,
8,943 hybrids, 50,327 accepted infraspecific taxa and 959,496 synonyms,
in total 1,372,364* names

[*about 39,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 30 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life