060.0000 Family Pinaceae Spreng. ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 35 (1830), nom. cons.

10 genera, ca. 220 spp.

Species listed in database: 255; hybrids: 26

060.1003 Genus Picea A.Dietr.; Fl. Berlin [Dietrich] 2: 794 (1824)

Distribution: northern hemisphere. Systematics and species list taken from Gymnosperm Database (Earle, 2026)

Species listed in database: 36; hybrids: 4

Search for: Picea alcoquiana-var.-alcoquiana

Nothing found!

species :

Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. [Karsten] Lief. 2/3: 324 (-325) (1881)

Name: Norway spruce (EN); Gewöhnliche Fichte, Rottanne (DE)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Outer Hebrides [I], Orkney Isl. [I], Isle of Man [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen [I], Hamburg [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz [I], Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary [I]; Spain [I]; France; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I]); Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; European Russia (C-European Russia); Uzbekistan [I]; China [I]; South Korea [I]; Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Illinois [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], North Carolina [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I])

10 den FIN grb ire NOR SWE 11 AUT bgm CZE GER hun LIE lux net POL SLO SWI 12 cis FRA spa 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS 32 uzb 36 chi 38 kor 50 aus 51 nzl 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies abies (L.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 7: 689 (1924 publ. 1925), nom. inval.

= Abies abies (L.) Rusby; Bull. Pharm. (Detroit) 6: reimpr. 16 (1892), nom. illeg.

= Abies carpatica (Loudon) Ravenscr.; Pinet. Brit. 2: 137 (1868)

= Abies cinerea Borkh.; Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 1: 398 (1800)

= Abies clambrasiliana Lavallée; Énum. Arbres: 263 (1877), pro syn.

= Abies clanbrassiliana P.Lawson; Agric. Man. 370 (1836)

= Abies coerulescens K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 242 (1873), nom. inval.

= Abies communis Lindl.; Encycl. Pl. [Loudon]: 804 (1829), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Abies communis P.Lawson; Agric. Man.: 365 (1836), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Abies communis var. pendula P.Lawson; Agric. Man.: 366 (1836)

= Abies commutata var. mucronata Loudon; Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv. 17: 386 (1841)

= Abies conica Lavallée; Énum. Arbres: 263 (1877), pro syn.

= Abies cranstonii Lavallée; Énum. Arbres: 264 (1877), pro syn.

= Abies dicksonii C.Van Geert ex K.Koch; Wochenschr. Vereines Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 6: 119 (1863)

= Abies elegans Sm. ex J.Knight; Syn. Conif. 36 (1847), pro syn.

= Abies eremita K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 237 (1873)

= Abies erythrocarpa (Purk.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 3: 674 (1881)

= Abies excelsa (Lam.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 6: 518 (1804), nom. illeg.

= Abies excelsa f. virgata (Jacq.) Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 34: 80 (1908)

= Abies excelsa subsp. alpestris Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, N. F. 29: 167 (1884-1885 publ. 1886)

= Abies excelsa var. argentea F.G.M.Berg; Sitzungsber. Naturf.-Ges. Univ. Dorpat 2: 39 (1887), nom. inval.

= Abies excelsa var. attenuata R.Sm.; Pl. Fir Tribe: 4 (1874)

= Abies excelsa var. aurea J.Dix; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 2: 688 (1862)

= Abies excelsa var. brevifolia R.Sm.; Pl. Fir Tribe: 4 (1874), nom. subnud.

= Abies excelsa var. carpatica Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2294 (1838)

= Abies excelsa var. clambrasiliana Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 263 (1877)

= Abies excelsa var. clambrasiliana Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2294 (1838)

= Abies excelsa var. clambrasiliana-stricta Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2295 (1837)

= Abies excelsa var. columnaris Jacques; Ann. Soc. Hort. Paris 44: 653 (1853)

= Abies excelsa var. communis Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2294 (1838)

= Abies excelsa var. conica Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 263 (1877), nom. nud.

= Abies excelsa var. elegans J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 90 (1839)

= Abies excelsa var. eremita R.Sm.; Pl. Fir Tribe: 4 (1874)

= Abies excelsa var. finedonensis M.Paul ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 4 (1862)

= Abies excelsa var. gigantea Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2295 (1837)

= Abies excelsa var. gregoryana Paul ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 4 (1862)

= Abies excelsa var. inverta (R.Sm.) Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl.: 4 (1862)

= Abies excelsa var. maxwellii (Maxwell) Anon.; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 5: 231 (1874)

= Abies excelsa var. miniata J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 91 (1839)

= Abies excelsa var. mucronata (Loudon) Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs: 1027 (1842)

= Abies excelsa var. nigra Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2294 (1838)

= Abies excelsa var. pendula (P.Lawson) Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 63: 40 (1868)

= Abies excelsa var. pendula (P.Lawson) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2294 (1838)

= Abies excelsa var. pumila Maxwell; Hort. & J. Rural Art Rural Taste 29: 201 (1875)

= Abies excelsa var. pumila-glauca A.H.Kent; Man. Conif. [Veitch] 71 (1881)

= Abies excelsa var. pygmaea Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2295 (1838)

= Abies excelsa var. pyramidata (Carrière) Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 5 (1862)

= Abies excelsa var. remontii R.Sm.; Pl. Fir Tribe 5 (1874)

= Abies excelsa var. tenuifolia Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2295 (1837)

= Abies excelsa var. variegata J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 91 (1839)

= Abies excelsa var. viminalis (Sparrm.) Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 212 (1850)

= Abies excelsa var. vulgaris Willk.; Forstl. Fl. Deutschl. Oesterr. 66 (1875)

= Abies extrema Th.Fr.; Bot. Not. 56 (1867)

= Abies finedonensis Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 4 (1862)

= Abies gigantea Sm. ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 327 (1867), nom. inval.

= Abies gregoryana H.Low ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 4 (1862)

= Abies inverta R.Sm. ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 4 (1862)

= Abies lemoniana Booth ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 5 (1858)

= Abies medioxima C.Lawson; Pinet. Brit. [Ravenscroft] 2: 159 (1858)

= Abies minima Lavallée; Énum. Arbres: 264 (1877), pro syn.

= Abies minuta Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 6(2): 523 (1805)

= Abies montana Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 602 (1855)

= Abies mucronata Rauch ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 329 (1867), nom. inval.

= Abies parvula Knight; Syn. Conif. 36 (1847)

= Abies pectinata Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 411 (1792), opus utique oppr.

= Abies picea Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 2 (1768)

= Abies pumila Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 1241 (1895), pro syn.

= Abies subarctica (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 3: 674 (1881)

= Abies viminalis Wahlenb.; Fl. Suec. [Wahlenberg] 2: 630 (1826)

= Abies vulgaris var. nana Wender.; Pfl. Bot. Gärt. 1(Conif.): 15 (1851)

= Abies vulgaris Wender.; Pfl. Bot. Gärt. 1(Conif.): 15 (1851), nom. illeg.

= Picea abies unranked deflexa (Tyszk.) Krüssm.; Handb. Nadelgehölze 4: 192 (1971) (without basionym ref.)

= Picea abies f. alpestris (Brügger) Krüssm.; Handb. Nadelgehölze 4: 189 (1971) (without basionym ref.)

= Picea abies f. argentea (Beissn.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 109 (1923)

= Picea abies f. argenteospica (Hesse ex Beissn.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 55 (1919)

= Picea abies f. barryi (Beissn.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 22 (1949)

= Picea abies f. chlorocarpa (Purk.) Th.Fr.; Bot. Not. 1890: 255 (1890)

= Picea abies f. cincinnata (Hesse ex Beissn.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 56 (1939)

= Picea abies f. clanbrassiliana (P.Lawson) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 22 (1949)

= Picea abies f. columnaris (Jacques) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 110 (1923)

= Picea abies f. compacta (Booth ex G.Kirchn.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 22 (1949)

= Picea abies f. conica (Endl.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 21 (1949)

= Picea abies f. cupressina (F.Thomas) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 110 (1923)

= Picea abies f. curvifolia Th.Fr.; Bot. Not. 1890: 253 (1890)

= Picea abies f. elegans (J.Forbes) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 56 (1919)

= Picea abies f. ellwangeriana (Beissn.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 56 (1919)

= Picea abies f. erythrocarpa (Purk.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 111 (1923)

= Picea abies f. finedonensis (Paul ex Gordon) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 30 (1949)

= Picea abies f. gregoryana (Paul ex Gordon) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 22 (1949)

= Picea abies f. integrisquamis (Carrière) P.A.Schmidt; Beitr. Gehölzk.: 24 (1987)

= Picea abies f. inverta (R.Sm.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 21 (1959)

= Picea abies f. maxwellii (Maxwell) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 23 (1949)

= Picea abies f. merkii (Beissn.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 56 (1919)

= Picea abies f. microsperma (Hornibr.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 22 (1949)

= Picea abies f. monstrosa (Loudon) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 56 (1919)

= Picea abies f. mucronata (Loudon) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 109 (1923)

= Picea abies f. nana (Wender.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 22 (1949)

= Picea abies f. nigra (Loudon) Th.Fr.; Bot. Not. 1890: 254 (1890)

= Picea abies f. omorikoides D.Marković; Fl. Veg. Golija Javor 570 (1989)

= Picea abies f. parsonsii (Hornibr.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 110 (1923)

= Picea abies f. parviformis (Maxwell) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 56 (1919)

= Picea abies f. pectinata Th.Fr.; Bot. Not. 1890: 253 (1890)

= Picea abies f. pendula (P.Lawson) Sylvén; Lustgården 1: 162 (1920)

= Picea abies f. procumbens (Carrière) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 56 (1919)

= Picea abies f. pumila (Maxwell) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 1241 (1895)

= Picea abies f. pumila-glauca (A.H.Kent) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 23 (1949)

= Picea abies f. pygmaea (Loudon) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 56 (1939)

= Picea abies f. pyramidata (Carrière) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 45 (1919)

= Picea abies f. remontii (R.Sm.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 57 (1919)

= Picea abies f. rustica Th.Fr.; Bot. Not. 1890: 252 (1890)

= Picea abies f. sparsifolia Th.Fr.; Bot. Not. 1890: 253 (1890)

= Picea abies f. tabuliformis (Carrière) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 56 (1919)

= Picea abies f. veitchii (Hornibr.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 110 (1923)

= Picea abies f. viminalis (Sparrm.) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl.: 39 (1918)

= Picea abies f. virgata (Jacques) Rehder; Rhodora 9: 110 (1907)

= Picea abies unranked pendula-major (Simon-Louis ex Sénécl.) den Ouden; Naamlijst Conif. Ephedra, Ginkgo: 215 (1949)

= Picea abies subsp. alpestris (Brügger) Domin; Lesn. Práce 11: 186 (1932)

= Picea abies subsp. europaea (Tepl.) Hyl.; Bot. Not. 1953: 352 (1953)

= Picea abies subsp. subalpinum Gajić & Tosic; Fl. Veg. Golija Javor 570 (1989)

= Picea abies var. alpestris (Brügger) P.A.Schmidt; Haussknechtia 4: 38 (1988)

= Picea abies var. arctica Lindq.; Acta Horti Berg. 14: 309 (1948)

= Picea abies var. argentea (Beissn.) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 275 (1923)

= Picea abies var. argenteospica (Hesse ex Beissn.) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 275 (1923)

= Picea abies var. aurea (Carrière) Nash ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 276 (1923)

= Picea abies var. barryi (Beissn.) Nash ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 276 (1923)

= Picea abies var. chlorocarpa (Purk.) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 278 (1923)

= Picea abies var. cincinnata (Hesse ex Beissn.) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 276 (1923)

= Picea abies var. clanbrassiliana (P.Lawson) Th.Fr. ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [Bailey] 277 (1923)

= Picea abies var. columnaris (Jacques) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 276 (1923)

= Picea abies var. compacta (Booth ex G.Kirchn.) Nash ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 277 (1923)

= Picea abies var. compacta Thorsrud & Reisæter; Norske Plantenavn 83 (1948), nom. inval.

= Picea abies var. conica (Endl.) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 276 (1923)

= Picea abies var. cupressina (F.Thomas) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 276 (1923)

= Picea abies var. elegans (J.Forbes) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 276 (1923)

= Picea abies var. ellwangeriana (Beissn.) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 277 (1923)

= Picea abies var. erythrocarpa (Purk.) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 278 (1923)

= Picea abies var. europaea (Tepl.) Jurk. & Parvela

= Picea abies var. finedonensis (Paul ex Gordon) Nash ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 276 (1923)

= Picea abies var. germanica Lindq.; Acta Horti Berg. 14: 308 (1948)

= Picea abies var. gregoryana (Paul ex Gordon) Nash ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 277 (1923)

= Picea abies var. inverta (R.Sm.) Nash ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [Bailey] 276 (1923)

= Picea abies var. maxwellii (Maxwell) Nash ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 278 (1923)

= Picea abies var. merkii (Beissn.) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 277 (1923)

= Picea abies var. microsperma (Hornibr.) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 278 (1923)

= Picea abies var. monstrosa (Loudon) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 276 (1923)

= Picea abies var. nana (Wender.) Nash ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 278 (1923)

= Picea abies var. nigra (Loudon) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 278 (1923)

= Picea abies var. parsonsii (Hornibr.) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 277 (1923)

= Picea abies var. parviformis (Maxwell) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 277 (1923)

= Picea abies var. pendula (P.Lawson) Nash ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 276 (1923)

= Picea abies var. procumbens (Carrière) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 278 (1923)

= Picea abies var. pumila (Maxwell) Nash ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 277 (1923)

= Picea abies var. pygmaea (Loudon) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 277 (1923)

= Picea abies var. pyramidata (Carrière) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 276 (1923)

= Picea abies var. reflexa (Carrière) Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers, ed. 2: 168 (1939)

= Picea abies var. remontii (R.Sm.) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 277 (1923)

= Picea abies var. tabuliformis (Carrière) Th.Fr. ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 278 (1923)

= Picea abies var. veitchii (Hornibr.) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 277 (1923)

= Picea abies var. viminalis (Beissn.) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [Bailey] 276 (1923)

= Picea abies var. virgata (Jacques) Th.Fr. ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 276 (1923)

= Picea alpestris (Brügger) Stein; Gartenflora 37: 346 (1887)

= Picea cranstonii Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 360 (1891)

= Picea elegantissima Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 367 (1891)

= Picea excelsa (Lam.) Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs.: 522 (1838)

= Picea excelsa unranked cincinnata Hesse ex Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 6: 92 (1897)

= Picea excelsa f. acutiuscula Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 75 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. angulosa Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 77 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. apiculata Beck ex Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 81 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. argentea Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 367 (1891)

= Picea excelsa f. argenteospica Hesse ex Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 367 (1891)

= Picea excelsa f. auriculata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 76 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. balcanica (Velen.) Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1888: 61 (1888)

= Picea excelsa f. balcanica Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 78 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. barryi Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 365 (1891)

= Picea excelsa f. bifida Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 71 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. borealis Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 82 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. bosniaca Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 80 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. chlorocarpa (Purk.) Ahlfv.; Sver. Fl. [Neuman] 819 (1901)

= Picea excelsa f. clanbrassiliana (P.Lawson) Ahlfv.; Sver. Fl. [Neuman] 819 (1901)

= Picea excelsa f. compressa Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 81 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. constricta Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 20 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. corrugata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 16 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. curtilingua Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 82 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. denticulata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 77 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. deversa Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 49: 8 (1925)

= Picea excelsa f. ellwangeriana Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 366 (1891)

= Picea excelsa f. erythrocarpa (Purk.) Willk.; Forstl. Fl. Deutschl. Oesterr., ed. 2, 1: 74 (1886)

= Picea excelsa f. europaea (Tepl.) Ahlfv.; Sver. Fl. [Neuman] 819 (1901)

= Picea excelsa f. fastigiata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 50: 8 (1925)

= Picea excelsa f. furcata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 34: 171 (1908)

= Picea excelsa f. gigas Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 78 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. gotlandica Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 82 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. gracillima Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 80 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. grandialata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 78 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. hemichlocarpa Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 45: 29 (1920)

= Picea excelsa f. heterolepis Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 79 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. inaequilatera Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 79 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. inversa Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 45: 31 (1918)

= Picea excelsa f. inverta (R.Sm.) Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 361 (1891)

= Picea excelsa f. jemtlandica Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 82 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. latinasuta Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 78 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. leptalea Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 44: 26 (1918)

= Picea excelsa f. leucogyna Ahlfv.; Sver. Fl. [Neuman] 819 (1901)

= Picea excelsa f. megalolepis Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 79 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. mesochlorocarpa Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 45: 29 (1920)

= Picea excelsa f. nana (Wender.) Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 364 (1891)

= Picea excelsa f. nasuta Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 77 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. nodosa Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 34: 37 (1908)

= Picea excelsa f. obliqua Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 78 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. oligoclada Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 21: 7 (1895)

= Picea excelsa f. parsonsii Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers: 98 (1923)

= Picea excelsa f. pectinulata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 79 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. perobliqua Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 80 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. praemorsa Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 71 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. pumila Beissn.; Handb. Laubholzk. 357 (1891)

= Picea excelsa f. recurvata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 21 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. sagnitziensis Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 80 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. scabrida Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 81 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. scalena Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 78 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. scanica Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 74 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. sigmoidea Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 21 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. stenocona Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 81 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. subcordata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 77 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. sublatinasuta Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 81 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. subovata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 82 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. transversiformis Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 74 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. truncata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 77 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. tubuliformis (Carrière) Ahlfv.; Sver. Fl. [Neuman] 819 (1901)

= Picea excelsa f. typica Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 77 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. umbelliformis Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 36: 7 (1910)

= Picea excelsa f. undulata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 78 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. veitchii Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers: 97 (1923)

= Picea excelsa f. viminalis (Sparrm.) Ahlfv.; Sver. Fl. [Neuman] 819 (1901)

= Picea excelsa f. virgata (Jacques) Ahlfv.; Sver. Fl. [Neuman] 819 (1901)

= Picea excelsa f. virgulata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 44: 38 (1918)

= Picea excelsa Link; Linnaea 15: 517 (1841) (nom. illeg.)

= Picea excelsa lusus cupressina F.Thomas, Mitt.Deutsch.Dendrol.Ges.16: 252 (1907)

= Picea excelsa Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs. 522 (1838), nom. illeg.

= Picea excelsa unranked reflexa Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 62: 259 (1890)

= Picea excelsa subsp. alpestris (Brügger) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 1: 346 (1896)

= Picea excelsa subf. excavata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 82 (1914)

= Picea excelsa subvar. angustata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 80 (1914)

= Picea excelsa subvar. columnaris (Jacques) C.K.Schneid.; Kulturhandb. Gartenfr. 3: 230 (1913)

= Picea excelsa subvar. cupressina (F.Thomas) C.K.Schneid.; Kulturhandb. Gartenfr. 3: 230 (1913)

= Picea excelsa subvar. incisa Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 357 (1913)

= Picea excelsa subvar. lata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 82 (1914)

= Picea excelsa var. alpestris (Brügger) Beissn.; Handb. Laubholzk. 357 (1891)

= Picea excelsa var. aurea Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 246 (1855)

= Picea excelsa var. balcanica Velen.; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 7, 1(8): 41 (1886)

= Picea excelsa var. chlorocarpa Purk.; Allg. Forst- Jagd-Zeitung 53: 1 (1877)

= Picea excelsa var. columnaris (Jacques) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif.: 248 (1855)

= Picea excelsa var. compacta Booth ex G.Kirchn.; Arbor. Muscav. [Petzold & Kirchner] 695 (1864)

= Picea excelsa var. cranstonii Knight & Perry ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 248 (1855)

= Picea excelsa var. cuneata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 77 (1914)

= Picea excelsa var. erythrocarpa Purk.; Allg. Forst- Jagd-Zeitung 53: t. 1 (1877)

= Picea excelsa var. europaea (Tepl.) Schröt.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 43: 142, 232 (1898)

= Picea excelsa var. finedonensis Paul ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl.: 4 (1862)

= Picea excelsa var. integrisquamis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif.: 246 (1855)

= Picea excelsa var. inverta (R.Sm.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 335 (1867)

= Picea excelsa var. maxwellii Maxwell; Cat. 1873: ? (1873)

= Picea excelsa var. merkii Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. ed. 2: 440 (1884)

= Picea excelsa var. microsperma Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers 116 (1923)

= Picea excelsa var. mucronata (Loudon) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif.: 247 (1855)

= Picea excelsa var. nigra (Loudon) Willk.; Forstl. Fl. Deutschl. Oesterr., ed. 2: 77 (1886)

= Picea excelsa var. parviformis Maxwell; Hort. & J. Rural Art Rural Taste 29: 201 (1874)

= Picea excelsa var. pendula (P.Lawson) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif.: 247 (1855)

= Picea excelsa var. pendula-major Simon-Louis ex Sénécl.; Conifer. Monogr. 29 (1868)

= Picea excelsa var. procumbens Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 251 (1855)

= Picea excelsa var. pumila (Maxwell) Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl., ed. 2: 440 (1884)

= Picea excelsa var. pyramidata Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 247 (1855)

= Picea excelsa var. sublanceolata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 79 (1914)

= Picea excelsa var. tabuliformis Carrière; Prodr. Fix. Var. Veget. 52 (1865)

= Picea excelsa var. transversa Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 76 (1914)

= Picea excelsa var. viminalis (Sparrm.) Casp.; Schriften Königl. Phys.-Ökon. Ges. Königsberg 19: 153 (1878)

= Picea excelsa var. virgata Jacques; Ann. Soc. Hort. Paris 44: 653 (1853)

= Picea finedonensis Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 367 (1891)

= Picea gregoryana Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 364 (1891)

= Picea integrisquamis (Carrière) Chiov.; Lav. Reale Ist. Bot. Univ. Modena, Mem. 7: 16 (1935)

= Picea maxwellii Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 366 (1891)

= Picea montana Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 2: 169 (1851)

= Picea obovata var. alpestris (Brügger) A.Henry; Trees Great Britain [Elwes & Henry] 6: 1360 (1913)

= Picea remontii Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 363 (1891)

= Picea rubens Sarg. ex Sudw.; Bull. Div. Forest. U.S.D.A. 17: 21 (1898), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Picea rubra A.Dietr.; Fl. Berlin [Dietrich] 2: 795 (1824), nom. illeg.

= Picea subarctica Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4(Anh.): 69, no. 2630 (1853), pro syn.

= Picea velebitica Simonk. ex Kümmerle; Magyar Bot. Lapok 15: 31 (1916)

= Picea viminalis (Sparrm.) Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 360 (1891)

= Picea vulgaris f. viminalis (Sparrm.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 40 (1924)

= Picea vulgaris Link; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1827: 180 (1830), nom. illeg.

= Picea vulgaris subvar. apiculata (Beck) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 40 (1924)

= Picea vulgaris subvar. balcanica (Velen.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 40 (1924)

= Picea vulgaris var. alpestris (Brügger) Becc.; Wiss. Mitt. Bosnien & Herzegovina 9: 413 (1906)

= Picea vulgaris var. apiculata Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 2: 61 (1887)

= Picea vulgaris var. chlorocarpa (Purk.) Jacobasch; Sitzungsber. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 24: 98 (1882)

= Picea vulgaris var. erythrocarpa (Purk.) Jacobasch; Sitzungsber. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 24: 98 (1882)

= Picea vulgaris var. europaea Tepl.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(2): 249 (1869)

= Picea vulgaris var. viminalis (Sparrm.) Casp.; Schriften Königl. Phys.-Ökon. Ges. Königsberg 14: 125 (1873)

= Pinus abies f. erythrocarpa (Purk.) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 770 (1913)

= Pinus abies f. inverta (R.Sm.) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 770 (1913)

= Pinus abies f. pendula (P.Lawson) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 770 (1913)

= Pinus abies L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1002 (1753)

= Pinus abies var. germanica Lindq.; Acta Horti Berg. 14(8): 308 (1948)

= Pinus abies var. viminalis (Sparrm.) Schreb.; Fl. Erlang. [Schweigger & Koerte] 124 (1811), isonym

= Pinus abies var. viminalis (Sparrm.) Wahlenb.; Fl. Suec. [Wahlenberg] 2: 630 (1826), isonym

= Pinus abies var. viminalis (Sparrm.) Lilj.; Utkast Sv. Fl.: 208 (1792)

= Pinus carpatica Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 180 (1858), nom. inval.

= Pinus cinerea Borkh.; Botaniker 13-15 (Fl. Grafsch. Catzenelnbogen 1): 6 (1790)

= Pinus cinerea Roehl.; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling] 376 (1796), nom. inval.

= Pinus clanbrasiliana J.Forbes; Hort. Woburn. 210 (1833)

= Pinus clanbrassiliana Lodd.; Cat. 12: 31 (1820), nom. nud.

= Pinus excelsa Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 202 (1779), nom. illeg.

= Pinus extrema Th.Fr.; Bot. Not. 1867: 56 (1867)

= Pinus excelsa var. gregoryana (Paul ex Gordon) Murr; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 18(9): 131 (1900)

= Pinus montana Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 946 (Index) (1866)

= Pinus orientalis Friv. ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 210 (1855)

= Pinus picea Du Roi; Diss. Inaug. Obs. Bot. 37 (1771), nom. illeg.

= Pinus picea var. alba Borkh.; Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 1: 401 (1800)

= Pinus picea var. carpatica (Loudon) Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 117 (1847)

= Pinus picea var. cinerea Borkh.; Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 1: 398 (1800)

= Pinus picea var. conica Endl.; Syn. Conif. 117 (1847)

= Pinus picea var. longa Borkh.; Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 1: 401 (1800)

= Pinus picea var. mucronata (Loudon) Endl.; List Pl. Fir Tribe 10: 18 (1851)

= Pinus picea var. nana Borkh.; Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 1: 401 (1800)

= Pinus picea var. nigra (Loudon) Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 117 (1847)

= Pinus picea var. pendula (P.Lawson) C.Lawson; List Pl. Fir Tribe 10: 18 (1851)

= Pinus picea var. viminalis (Sparrm.) Endl.; Syn. Conif. 117 (1847)

= Pinus pyramidalis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 399 (1796), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Pinus sativa Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 200 (1779)

= Pinus viminalis Sparrm.; Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1777: 310 (1777)

variant :

var. acuminata (Beck) Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.; Handb. Conif. [Dallimore & Jackson], ed. 2: 390 (1931)

Distribution: Europe (Jura, Alps, Carpathian Mts.); S-Norway; ?Sweden

10 NOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea abies subsp. acuminata (Beck) Parfenov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 8 (1971)

= Picea abies subsp. acuminata (Beck) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 53 (2008), isonym

= Picea excelsa f. acuminata Beck; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 2: 61 (1887)

= Picea excelsa var. acuminata (Beck) Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 80 (1914)

species :

Picea alcoquiana (H.J.Veitch ex Lindl.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 343 (1867)

Distribution: Japan (C-Honshu)

38 JAP

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies alcockiana Lindl. ex K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 245 (1873), orth. var.

= Abies alcoqueana Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum, Suppl. 8 (´desc. falsa´) (1858), orth. var.

= Abies alcoquiana H.J.Veitch ex Lindl.; Gard. Chron. 1861: 23 (1861)

= Abies bicolor Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 10: 488 (1866)

= Picea alcoquiana f. chlorocarpa (Hayashi) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 80(6): 323

= Picea bicolor (Maxim.) Mayr; Fremdländ. Wald-Parkbäume: 323 (1906), isonym

= Picea bicolor (Maxim.) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 418 (1868)

= Picea bicolor f. chlorocarpa Hayashi; Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 77: 25 (1955)

= Picea japonica Regel; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1865: 33 (1866)

= Pinus alcoquiana (H.J.Veitch ex Lindl.) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 417 (1868)

= Pinus bicolor (Maxim.) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 418 (1868)

variant :

var. acicularis (Maxim. ex Beissn.) Fitschen; Handb. Nadelholzk., ed. 3: 258 (1930)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu: Yatsugadake Mts.)

38 JAP

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea acicularis Maxim. ex Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 380 (1891)

= Picea bicolor var. acicularis (Maxim. ex Beissn.) Shiras. & Koyama; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 130 (1913)

= Picea shirasawae Hayashi; Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 125: 71 (1960), nom. illeg. superfl.

variant :

var. reflexa (Shiras.) Fitschen; Handb. Nadelholzk., ed. 3: 258 (1930)

Distribution: Japan (C-Honshu: Akaishi Range)

38 JAP

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea alcoquiana subsp. reflexa (Shiras.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 53 (2008)

= Picea bicolor var. reflexa Shiras.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 130 (1913)

species :

Picea asperata Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 419 (1906)

Name: Dragon spruce (EN)

Distribution: China (E-Gansu, S-Gansu, N-Ningxia, Qinghai, SW-Shaanxi, Sichuan)

36 CHI

variant :

var. notabilis Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 23 (1914)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea asperata subsp. heterolepis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 53 (2008)

= Picea asperata subsp. notabilis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 53 (2008)

= Picea asperata var. heterolepis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) L.K.Fu & Nan Li; Novon 7(3): 262 (1997) (isonym)

= Picea asperata var. heterolepis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) W.C.Cheng ex Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees, ed. 2: 24 (1940)

= Picea heterolepis Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 24 (1914)

= Picea notabilis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Lacass.; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse 1(3, 1): 180 (1932)

variant :

var. ponderosa Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 23 (1914)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan: Panlong Shan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea asperata subsp. ponderosa (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 54 (2008)

= Picea ponderosa (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Lacass.; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse 1(3

species :

Picea aurantiaca Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 420 (1906)

Name: Orange Spruce

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea asperata var. aurantiaca (Mast.) Boom; Nederl. Dendrol., ed. 10: 96 (1978)

species :

Picea brachytyla (Franch.) E.Pritz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 216 (1900)

Name: Sargent´s spruce (EN)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, S-Shaanxi, NW-Hubei, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies brachytyla Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 258 (1899)

= Picea ajanensis Mast.; Gard. Chron., n.s., 12: 115 (1879), nom. illeg.

= Picea brachytila Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 553 (1890), orth. var.

= Picea brachytyla f. latisquamea Stapf; Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8969 (1923)

= Picea brachytyla subsp. pachyclada (Patschke) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 54 (2008)

= Picea brachytyla var. argyroderma T.B.Chao, Zhi X.Chen & X.K.Li; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 14 (2021)

= Picea brachytyla var. latisquamea Stapf; Bot. Mag. 148: sub t. 8969 (1923)

= Picea brachytyla var. pachyclada (Patschke) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 39 (1990)

= Picea pachyclada Patschke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 630 (1913)

= Picea sargentiana Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 35 (1914)

variant :

var. complanata (Mast.) W.C.Cheng ex Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees, ed. 2: 30 (1940)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; ?Bhutan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 40 IND 41 MYA

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea ascendens Patschke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 632 (1913)

= Picea brachytyla f. rhombisquamea Stapf; Bot. Mag. 148: sub t. 8969 (1923)

= Picea brachytyla subsp. ascendens (Patschke) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 54 (2008)

= Picea brachytyla subsp. complanata (Mast.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 54 (2008)

= Picea brachytyla var. ascendens (Patschke) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 28 (2000)

= Picea complanata Mast.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 39: 146 (1906)

species :

Picea breweriana S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 20: 378 (1885)

Name: Weeping spruce, Brewer spruce (EN)

Distribution: USA (SW-Oregon, NW-California)

73 USA 76 USA

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea pendula S.Watson; Bot. California 2: 122 (1880), nom. subnud.

= Pinus breweriana (S.Watson) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 93 (1907)

species :

Picea chihuahuana Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 13: 31 (1942)

Name: Chihuahua spruce (EN)

Distribution: Mexico (SW-Chihuahua, SW-Durango, S-Nuevo León)

79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN V

species :

Picea crassifolia Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4: 177 (1923)

Name: Qinghai spruce (EN)

Distribution: China (Nei Mongol, Gansu, NE-Qinghai, Ningxia)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea complanata var. crassifolia (Kom.) Gaussen

= Picea schrenkiana var. crassifolia (Kom.) Kom.

species :

Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 2: 212 (1863)

subspecies :

subsp. engelmannii

Name: Engelmanns spruce (EN)

Distribution: Iceland [I]; Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Finland [I]; Belgium [I]; Austria [I]; Serbia [c]; Kosovo [c]; European Russia [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)

10 den fin ice nor 11 aut bgm 13 kos srb 14 rus 32 uzb 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies commutata (Parl.) Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 5 (1875)

= Abies engelmannii (Engelm.) Parry ex Engelm.; Gard. Chron. 1863: 1035 (1863)

= Abies engelmannii var. glauca R.Sm.; Pl. Fir Tribe 4 (1874)

= Abies nigra Engelm.; Amer. J. Sci. Arts 33: 330 (1838), nom. illeg.

= Picea columbiana Lemmon; Gard. & Forest 10: 183 (1897)

= Picea engelmannii f. argentea Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 345 (1891)

= Picea engelmannii f. fendleri (A.Henry) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 26 (1949)

= Picea engelmannii f. glauca (R.Sm.) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 35 (1887)

= Picea engelmannii f. microphylla Hesse ex Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 345 (1891)

= Picea engelmannii f. pendula Schelle; Winterh. Nadelh.: 98 (1909)

= Picea engelmannii unranked glauca-pendula Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 8: 115 (1899)

= Picea engelmannii var. columbiana (Lemmon) Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 6: 52 (1897)

= Picea engelmannii var. fendleri A.Henry; Trees Great Britain [Elwes & Henry] 6: 1387 (1912)

= Picea engelmannii var. franciscana Lemmon; Cone-bear. Trees Pacif. Slope, ed. 3: 51 (1895)

= Picea engelmannii var. glabra Goodman; Madroño 10: 177 (1950)

= Picea glauca subsp. engelmannii (Engelm.) T.M.C.Taylor; Madroño 15: 114 (1959)

= Picea glauca var. engelmannii (Engelm.) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 272 (1966)

= Pinus commutata Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 417 (1868)

subspecies :

subsp. mexicana (Martínez) P.A.Schmidt; Haussknechtia 4: 38 (1988)

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León, Chihuahua)

79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea engelmannii subsp. mohinorsensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 55

= Picea engelmannii var. mexicana (Martínez) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 44 (1984)

= Picea engelmannii var. mexicana (Martínez) R.J.Taylor & T.F.Patt.; Taxon 29(4): 438 (1980), nom. inval.

= Picea engelmannii var. mohinorsensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 28 (2000)

= Picea mexicana Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 32: 137 (1962)

species :

Picea farreri C.N.Page & Rushforth; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38(1): 130 (1980)

Name: Farrer´s spruce (EN)

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan); N-Myanmar (Fen Shui Ling)

36 CHI 41 MYA

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea brachytyla var. farreri (C.N.Page & Rushforth) Eckenw.; Conifers World 647 (2009)

species :

Picea glauca (Moench) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 93 (1907)

Name: White spruce, Canadian Spruce (EN); Blau-Fichte (DE)

Distribution: Iceland [I]; England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Finland [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [c]; Austria [I]; Serbia [c]; Kosovo [c]; Estonia [I]; Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, Idaho, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, Wisconsin, Wyoming)

10 den fin grb ice ire nor 11 aut bgm ger 13 kos srb 14 est 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Remarks: sometimes the name Picea laxa (Münchh.) Sarg is used as valid

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies alba (Aiton) Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 472 (1879), nom. illeg.

= Abies alba (Castigl.) Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 207 (1803), nom. illeg.

= Abies alba var. caerulea J.Nelson; Pinaceae [Nelson] 47 (1866)

= Abies alba var. glauca (Moench) Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 472 (1879)

= Abies alba var. nana Jacques; Ann. Fl. Pomone 4: 326 (1836)

= Abies alba var. virescens (R.Hinterh. & J.Hinterh.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 673 (1881)

= Abies arctica A.Murray bis; J. Bot. 5: 253 (1867), pro syn.

= Abies canadensis (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: [unpaged] Abies no. 4 (1768)

= Abies canadensis var. aurea J.Nelson; Pinaceae [Nelson] 32 (1866)

= Abies coerulea Lodd. ex J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 99 (1839)

= Abies laxa (Münchh.) K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 243 (1873), nom. superfl.

= Abies rubra var. violacea Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2316 (1838)

= Abies virescens R.Hinterh. & J.Hinterh. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 3: 673 (1881)

= Abies virescens R.Hinterh. & J.Hinterh.; Prod. Fl. Salzburg: 200 (1851)

= Picea acutissima Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 342 & 358 (1891)

= Picea alba (Castigl.) Link; Handbuch [Link] 2: 478 (1831), et Linnaea 15: 519 (1841)

= Picea alba f. acutissima Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 342 (1891)

= Picea alba var. coerulea Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L.Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 114: 27 (1870)

= Picea alba var. foetida Penh.; Science, n.s., 6: 474 (1897)

= Picea alba var. pendula Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2.: 321 (1867)

= Picea canadensis (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.; Prelim. Cat. 71 (1888), Koehne, Deut. Dendrol. (1893) 23 non Link (1841)

= Picea canadensis (Mill.) Koehne; Deut. Dendrol. 23 (1893), nom. illeg.

= Picea canadensis f. parva Vict.; Contr. Lab. Bot. Univ. Montréal 10: 16 (1927)

= Picea canadensis var. albertiana Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 213 (1915)

= Picea canadensis var. glauca (Moench) Sudw.; Bull. Div. Forest. U.S.D.A. 14: 37 (1897)

= Picea canadensis var. nana (Jacques) Sudw.; Bull. Div. Forest. U.S.D.A. 14: 38 (1897)

= Picea canadensis var. pendula (Carrière) C.K.Schneid.; Uns. Freil.-Nadelhölzer [Silva-Tarouca] : 224 (1913)

= Picea coerulea (Lodd. ex J.Forbes) Link; Linnaea 15: 522 (1842)

= Picea glauca (Moench) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 93 (1907)

= Picea glauca Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 342 (1891)

= Picea glauca f. aurea (J.Nelson) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 57 (1919)

= Picea glauca f. buxoides J.R.Schramm; Arbor. Bull. Assoc. 3: 68 (1941)

= Picea glauca f. caerulea (J.Nelson) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 57 (1919)

= Picea glauca f. conica Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 1492 (1920)

= Picea glauca f. nana (Jacques) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 57 (1919)

= Picea glauca f. parva Fernald & Weath.; Rhodora 34: 187 (1932)

= Picea glauca var. pendula (Carrière) Hornibr.; Rep. Conif. Conf. R.H.S.: 81 (1932)

= Picea laxa (Münchh.) Sarg.; Gard. & Forest 2: 496 (1890)

= Picea tschugatskoyae Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 319 (1867), pro syn.

= Pinus alba Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 371 (1789), nom. illeg.

= Pinus alba var. arctica (A.Murray bis) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 414 (1868)

= Pinus alba var. caerulea Murr; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 18(9): 131 (1900)

= Pinus alba var. nana (Jacques) Antoine; Coniferen 2: 87 (1841)

= Pinus canadensis (Mill.) Du Roi; Diss. Inaug. Obs. Bot. 38 (1771) non L.

= Pinus canadensis var. alba Castigl.; Viagg. Stati Uniti 2: 314 (1790)

= Pinus coerulea Lodd. ex G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 387 (1830), nom. inval.

= Pinus glauca Moench; Verz. Ausländ. Bäume 73 (1785)

= Pinus laxa Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 3: 24 (1788), nom. illeg.

= Pinus laxa Münchh.; Hausvater 5(1): 225 (1770)

= Pinus tetragona Moench; Methodus [Moench] 364 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Pinus virescens Neilr.; Fl. Wien, Nachtr. 68 (1851), nom. inval.

species :

Picea glehnii (F.Schmidt) Mast.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 13: 300 (1880)

Name: Sakhalin spruce (EN); Sachalin-Fichte (DE)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Sakhalin, Kuril Isl.); N-Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

31 RFE 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies glehnii F.Schmidt; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 12(2) [Reis. Amur-Land, Bot.] 176 (1868)

= Pinus glehnii (F.Schmidt) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 93 (1907)

species :

Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière; Traite Gen. Conif. 255 (1855)

subspecies :

subsp. jezoensis

Name: Yezo spruce (EN)

Distribution: Siberia (S-Yakutia); Russian Far East (Upper Amur, Russian Manchuria/Primorye, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Okhotsk / Magadan, Kuril Isl.); North Korea; South Korea; N-Japan (Hokkaido)

30 SIB 31 RFE 38 JAP KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies ajanensis (Fisch. ex Carrière) Rupr. & Maxim.; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 15: 382 (1857), nom. illeg.

= Abies firma var. jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif.: 212 (1855)

= Abies jezoensis Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 19, t. 110 (1842)

= Picea ajanensis (Lindl. & Gordon) Fisch. ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 259-260 (1855)

= Picea ajanensis (Lindl. & Gordon) Fisch. ex Trautv. & C.A.Mey.; Reise Sibir. [Middendorff] (Fl. Ochot. 87) (1856)

= Picea ajanensis f. prostrata Kom.; Trudy Bot. Muz. 18: 43 (1920)

= Picea ajanensis Fisch. ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif.: 259 (1855)

= Picea ajanensis var. subintegerrima Trautv. & C.A.Mey.; Reise Sibir. [Middendorff] 1(2

= Picea austromandshurica Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 6(2): 35 (1999)

= Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 15: 235 (nomen) (1857)

= Picea jezoensis f. kamtchatkensis (Lacass.) S.L.Tung & Y.L.Chou; Ligneous Fl. Heilongjiang 46 (1986)

= Picea jezoensis f. ozeensis Hayashi; Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 125: 72 (1960)

= Picea jezoensis subsp. ajanensis (Fisch. ex Carrière) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 56

= Picea jezoensis var. ajanensis (Fisch. ex Carrière) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 162 (1978)

= Picea jezoensis var. koreana Uyeki; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea 206: 12 (1942)

= Picea kamtchatkensis Lacass.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 58: 637 (1929), et in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 59: 195 (1929 publ. 1930)

= Picea yezomonii Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 338 (1891)

= Pinus firma var. jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.; Syn. Conif. 99 (1847)

= Pinus jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Antoine; Coniferen: 97 (1841)

= Pseudotsuga jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) W.R.McNab; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5, 20: 87 (1874)

= Tsuga ajanensis (Fisch. ex Carrière) Regel; Russ. Dendrol., ed. 2: 39 (1883)

= Tsuga ajanensis Regel ex Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 385 (1891)

= Veitchia japonica Lindl.; Gard. Chron. 1861: 265 (1861)

variant :

var. koreana Uyeki; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho 206: 12 (1942)

Distribution: China (E-Jilin, S-Jilin); North Korea

36 CHI 38 NKO

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea jezoensis f. rubrilepis Uyeki; Bull. Agric. Forest. Coll. Suigen (Suwon) 1: 4 (1925)

= Picea jezoensis subsp. komarovii (V.N.Vassil.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 56

= Picea jezoensis var. komarovii (V.N.Vassil.) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 161 (1978)

= Picea komarovii V.N.Vassil.; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 35: 504 (1950)

variant :

var. microsperma (Lindl.) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 159 (1978)

Distribution: Russian Far East; China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol); ?North Korea; Japan

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies ajanensis Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 212 (1850)

= Abies microsperma Lindl.; Gard. Chron. 1861: 22 (1861)

= Picea ajanensis var. microsperma (Lindl.) Mast.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 12: 115 (1879)

= Picea jezoensis subsp. microsperma (Lindl.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 56

= Picea jezoensis var. microsperma (Lindl.) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 159 (1978)

= Picea manshurica Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 19: 251 (1943)

= Picea microsperma (Lindl.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 339 (p. p. (1867))

= Pinus jezoensis f. microsperma (Lindl.) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 772 (1913)

subspecies :

subsp. hondoensis (Mayr) P.A.Schmidt; Haussknechtia 4: 38 (1988)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea hondoensis Mayr; Fremdländ. Wald- Parkbäume 327 (1906)

= Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis (Mayr) Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1915(24): 314 (1915)

= Pinus hondoensis (Mayr) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 93 (1907)

species :

Picea koraiensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 195 (1919)

Name: Korean spruce (EN)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Lower Amur, Primorye); China (Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning); North Korea

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 NKO

Remarks: obovata agg.

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea intercedens Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 17: 4 (1941)

= Picea intercedens var. glabra Uyeki; J. Korean Forest. Soc. 206: ? (1942)

= Picea koraiensis subsp. tonaiensis (Nakai) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 57 (2008)

= Picea koraiensis var. intercedens (Nakai) Y.L.Chou & S.L.Tung; Ligneous Fl. Heilongjiang 49 (1986)

= Picea koraiensis var. nenjiangensis S.Q.Nie & X.Y.Yuan; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 24(2): 129 (2004)

= Picea koraiensis var. tonaiensis (Nakai) T.B.Lee; Ill. Woody Pl. Korea 234 (1966)

= Picea koyamae var. koraiensis (Nakai) Liou & Q.L.Wang; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 88 (1955)

= Picea pungsanensis var. intercedens (Nakai) T.B.Lee; Ill. Woody Pl. Korea 234 (1966)

= Picea tonaiensis Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 17: 1 (1941)

variant :

var. pungsanensis (Uyeki ex Nakai) H.Schmidt-Vogt ex Farjon; Pinaceae [Farjon] 231 (1990)

Distribution: North Korea (Mt. Pung-san)

38 NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea koraiensis subsp. pungsanensis (Uyeki) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 57 (2008), nom. inval.

= Picea pungsanensis Uyeki; Corean Timber Trees 1: 98, 99 (1926)

= Picea pungsanensis Uyeki ex Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 17: 3 (1941), latine

species :

Picea koyamae Shiras.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 254 (1914), et in Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 58: 98 (1915) (as ´koyamai´)

Name: Koyama spruce (EN)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu: Akaishi Mts., Yatsugadake Mts.)

38 JAP

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea moramomi L.H.Bailey; Cult. Conif. N. Amer. 114 (1933), pro syn.

species :

Picea likiangensis (Franch.) E.Pritz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 217 (1900)

Name: Likiang spruce (EN)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; N-Bhutan

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies likiangensis Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 257 (1899)

= Picea likiangensis subsp. bhutanica (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 57

= Picea likiangensis subsp. forrestii (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 57

= Picea likiangensis var. bhutanica Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 41 (1990)

= Picea likiangensis var. forrestii Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 41 (1990)

= Picea yunnanensis Dallim.; Conif. Cult. Rep. (R.H.S.) 26 (1932), pro syn.

= Picea yunnanensis Lacass.; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse 1(3

variant :

var. hirtella (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) W.C.Cheng; Ill. Manual Chin. Trees & Shrubs 40 (1937)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea balfouriana var. hirtella (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) W.C.Cheng; Res. Notes Forest. Inst. Natl. Centr. Univ. Nanking, Dendrol. Ser. 1: 3 (1947)

= Picea hirtella Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 32 (1914), nom. illeg.

= Picea neohirtella Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 22(1): 28 (2015), nom. nov.

= Picea purpurea subsp. hirtella (W.C.Cheng) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 59 (2008)

= Picea purpurea subsp. pseudohirtella Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 17(1): 3 (-4) (2010), nom. illeg. nom. superfl.

= Picea purpurea var. hirtella (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 44 (1990)

variant :

var. montigena (Mast.) W.C.Cheng; Ill. Manual Chin. Trees & Shrubs 40 (1937)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea likiangensis subsp. montigena (Mast.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 57

= Picea montigena Mast.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 39: 146 (1906)

variant :

var. rubescens Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 31 (1914)

Distribution: China (S-Qinghai, W-Sichuan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea balfouriana f. bicolor S.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20(4): 409 (1982)

= Picea balfouriana Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 30 (1914)

= Picea likiangensis subsp. balfouriana (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Rushforth; Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book 1998: 61 (1999)

= Picea likiangensis subsp. rubescens (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 58

= Picea likiangensis var. balfouriana (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Hillier; Rep. Conif. Conf. R.H.S. 1931: 232 (1932)

= Picea purpurea subsp. balfouriana (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 59 (2008)

= Picea purpurea var. balfouriana (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 44 (1990)

= Picea sikangensis W.C.Cheng; Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 6: 33 (1931)

= Tsuga balfouriana (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) W.R.McNab; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 211 (1882)

species :

Picea linzhiensis (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Rushforth; Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book 2007: 48 (-49)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea likiangensis f. bicolor W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 84 (1975)

= Picea likiangensis subsp. linzhiensis (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 57

= Picea likiangensis var. linzhiensis W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 83 (1975)

species :

Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.; Prelim. Cat. 71 (1888)

Name: Black spruce, bog spruce, swamp spruce, epinette noire (Canadian French), Schwarzfichte

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, Illinois, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin)

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 74 USA 75 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies denticulata Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 206 (1803)

= Abies denticulata Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 6(2): 520 (1805), nom. illeg.

= Abies mariana Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 5 (1768)

= Abies nigra (Castigl.) Du Roi; Harbk. Baumz., ed. 2, 2: 182 (1800)

= Abies nigra Desf.; Hist. Arbr. France 2: 580 (1809), nom. illeg.

= Abies nigra var. nana Jacques; Ann. Fl. Pomone 5: 328 (1836), nom. nud.

= Abies nigra var. pumila Knight ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 8 (1858)

= Peuce rubra Rich.; Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 16: 298 (1810), nom. inval.

= Picea brevifolia Peck; Spruces Adirondacks 13 (1897)

= Picea brevifolia var. semiprostrata Peck; Spruces Adirondacks: 13 (1897)

= Picea ericoides Bean; Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 2: 160 (1914)

= Picea mariana f. beissneri (Rehder) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 25 (1949)

= Picea mariana f. doumetii (Carrière) O.L.Lipa; Dendrofl. URSR 1: 82 (1939)

= Picea mariana f. empetroides Vict. & J.Rousseau; Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montréal 36: 12 (1940)

= Picea mariana f. ericoides (Bean) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 193 (1920)

= Picea mariana f. fastigiata (Carrière) Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 213 (1915 publ. 1916)

= Picea mariana f. grisea Vict.; Contr. Lab. Bot. Univ. Montréal 10: 16 (1927)

= Picea mariana f. nana (Beissn.) Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 214 (1915 publ. 1916)

= Picea mariana f. semiprostrata (Peck) S.F.Blake; Rhodora 15: 200 (1913)

= Picea mariana f. squamea Vict.; Contr. Lab. Bot. Univ. Montréal 10: 17 (1927)

= Picea mariana var. beissneri Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 213 (1915)

= Picea mariana var. brevifolia (Peck) Rehder; Rhodora 9: 109 (1907)

= Picea mariana var. fastigiata (Rehder) Rehder; Stand. Cycl. Hort. [Bailey] 5: 2619 (1916)

= Picea mariana var. pendula (Schwer.) Fitschen; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner], ed. 3: 249 (1930)

= Picea mariana var. pendula-variegata (Hornibr.) Fitschen; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner], ed. 3: 251 (1930)

= Picea mariana var. semiprostrata (Peck) Teeri; Rhodora 71: 1 (1969)

= Picea nigra (Castigl.) Link; Handbuch [Link] 2: 478 (1831), et Linnaea 15: 520 (1841)

= Picea nigra unranked pendula Schwer.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 12: 94 (1903)

= Picea nigra var. brevifolia (Peck) Rehder; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [Bailey] 3: 1334 (1901)

= Picea nigra var. doumetii Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 242 (1855)

= Picea nigra var. fastigiata Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif.: 242 (1855)

= Picea nigra var. nana Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl., ed. 2: 441 (1884)

= Picea nigra var. pendula-variegata Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers 124 (1923)

= Picea nigra var. semiprostrata (Peck) Brainerd, L.R.Jones & Eggl.; Rep. (Annual) Vermont Agric. Exp. Sta. 1900: 6 (1900)

= Picea nigra var. virgata Rehder; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [Bailey] 3: 1334 (1901)

= Pinus canadensis var. nigra Castigl.; Viagg. Stati Uniti 2: 315 (1790)

= Pinus canadensis var. nigricans Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 211 (1770)

= Pinus denticulata (Michx.) Muhl.; Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept.: 89 (1813)

= Pinus mariana (Mill.) Münchh.; Hausvater 5(1): 224 (1770)

= Pinus marylandica Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 7: 88 (1841), nom. inval.

= Pinus nigra Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 370 (1789), nom. illeg.

species :

Picea martinezii T.F.Patt.; Sida 13(2): 131 (1988)

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea chihuahuana var. martinezii (T.F.Patt.) Eckenw.; Conifers World 647 (2009)

= Picea chihuahuana subsp. martinezii (T.F.Patt.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 55 (2008)

species :

Picea maximowiczii Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]), Suppl. 9: 33 (1865), nomen, ex Mast. in Gard. Chron., n. s. 13: 363 (1880)

Name: Maximowicz´s spruce, Japanese bush spruce (EN)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies maximowiczii (Regel) R.Neumann ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 431 (1868), nom. inval.

= Abies obovata var. japonica Maxim.; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1866: 3 (1867)

= Picea excelsa f. japonica (Maxim.) Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk., ed. 2: 220 (1909)

= Picea obovata var. japonica (Maxim.) Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl., ed. 2: 441 (1884)

= Picea tschonoskii Mayr; Fremdländ. Wald- Parkbäume 339 (1906)

= Pinus maximowiczii (Regel) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 431 (1868)

variant :

var. senanensis Hayashi; Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 125: 72 (1960)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu: Yatsugadake Mts.)

38 JAP

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea maximowiczii subsp. senanensis (Hayashi) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 58 (2008)

species :

Picea meyeri Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 28 (1914)

Name: Meyer spruce (EN)

Distribution: China (Shanxi, Hebei, Shaanxi, Nei Mongol, ?S-Gansu)

36 CHI

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea meyeri f. pyramidalis (H.W.Jen & C.G.Bai) L.K.Fu & Nan Li; Novon 7(3): 262 (1997)

= Picea meyeri subsp. mongolica (H.Q.Wu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 58

= Picea meyeri var. fastigiata T.B.Chao, Zhi X.Chen & X.K.Li; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 12 (2021)

= Picea meyeri var. mongolica H.Q.Wu; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6(2): 153 (1986)

= Picea meyeri var. plana T.B.Chao, Zhi X.Chen & X.K.Li; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 12 (2021)

= Picea meyeri var. pyramidalis H.W.Jen & C.G.Bai; J. Beijing Forest. Univ. 17(1): 95 (1995)

= Picea meyeri var. ramosissima T.B.Chao, X.K.Li & Zhi X.Chen; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 12 (2021)

= Picea mongolica (H.Q.Wu) W.D.Xu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 14(1): 66 (1994)

species :

Picea morrisonicola Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25: Art. 19, 220 (1908)

Name: Taiwan spruce (EN)

Distribution: C-Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Picea neoveitchii Mast.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 33: 116, t. 51 (1903)

Name: Veitch spruce, Hubei spruce (EN)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Henan, NW-Hubei, S-Shaanxi, NE-Shanxi, Sichuan, ?Chongqing)

36 CHI

Conservation Status: IUCN V

species :

Picea obovata Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 201 (1833)

Distribution: Belarus; European Russia (C-European Russia, N-European Russia); Siberia (W-Siberia/Siberian Urals, NW-Siberia, SW-Siberia, Altay-Yenisey region, S-Yakutia, Baikal region, N-Yakutia); Russian Far East (Upper Amur, Russian Manchuria/Primorye, Sakhalin, Okhotsk / Magadan); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan [c]; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia

14 BLR RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ uzb 36 CHI 37 MON

Remarks: obovata agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies excelsa var. altaica (Tepl.) Willk.; Forstl. Fl. Deutschl. Oesterr.: 67 (1875)

= Abies excelsa var. obovata (Ledeb.) K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 238 (1873)

= Abies obovata (Ledeb.) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2329 (1838)

= Picea abies subsp. obovata (Ledeb.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 22 (1982)

= Picea abies subsp. obovata (Ledeb.) Hultén; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 43: 388 (1949)

= Picea abies var. obovata (Ledeb.) Lindq.; Acta Horti Berg. 14(8): 307 (1948)

= Picea excelsa var. obovata (Ledeb.) A.Blytt; Norges Fl. 2: 391 (1874)

= Picea excelsa var. obovata (Ledeb.) Ahlfv.; Sver. Fl. [Neuman] 819 (1901)

= Picea excelsa var. obovata (Ledeb.) Blytt; Norges Fl. 2: 391 (1874)

= Picea obovata subsp. krylovii (Luchnik) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 58 (2008)

= Picea obovata subsp. petschorica Govor.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 57(3): 94 (1952)

= Picea obovata subsp. tschiketamanica (Luchnik) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 59 (2008)

= Picea obovata var. argentea Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 6 (1976)

= Picea obovata var. brevifolia Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 7 (1976)

= Picea obovata var. coerulea Malyschev; Konspekt Fl. Irkutsk. Obl. 36 (2008)

= Picea obovata var. densifolia Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 6 (1976)

= Picea obovata var. krylovii Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 5 (1976)

= Picea obovata var. lucifera Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 7 (1976)

= Picea obovata var. lutescens Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 6 (1976)

= Picea obovata var. pendula Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 6 (1976)

= Picea obovata var. seminskiensis Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 5 (1976)

= Picea obovata var. tschiketamanica Luchnik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 6 (1976)

= Picea vulgaris var. altaica Tepl.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(2): 250 (1869)

= Picea wolossowiczii Sukaczev; Trans. Geol. Mus. Acad. Sc. 4: 4 (1911)

= Pinus abies f. obovata (Ledeb.) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 93 (1907)

= Pinus abies Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 1: 6 (1784)

= Pinus abies var. obovata (Ledeb.) Andersson ex A.Murray bis; Pinet. Brit. 2: 162 (1868)

= Pinus obovata (Ledeb.) Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 101 (1838)

= Pinus obovata var. schrenkiana Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 415 (1868)

species :

Picea omorika (Pančić) Purk.; Oesterr. Monatsschr. Forstwesen 27: 446 (1877)

Name: Serbian spruce (EN), Serbische Fichte (DE)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Sweden [I]; Germany [c]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Croatia [I]; E-Bosnia & Hercegovina; W-Serbia

10 den grb ire swe 11 ger hun slo 13 BIH cro SRB

Conservation Status: IUCN V. Very local, in the wild known only from Pančić Narodni Nature Reserve

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies omorika (Pančić) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 3: 673 (1881)

= Picea omorika (Pančić) Mast.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 21: 308, 309, f. 58 (1884)

= Picea omorika f. pendula Schwer.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 28: 324 (1920)

= Pinus omorika Pančić; Neu. Conif. Alp. 4 (1876)

species :

Picea orientalis (L.) Peterm.; Pflanzenreich [Petermann] 235 (1838-1845)

Name: Oriental spruce, Caucasian spruce (EN), Kaukasusfichte (DE)

Distribution: Belgium [I]; Austria [I]; Italy [I]; Serbia [c]; Kosovo [c]; Uzbekistan [c]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (incl. Abkhazia); Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

11 aut bgm 13 ita kos srb 32 uzb 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies orientalis (L.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 6(2): 518 (1804)

= Abies wittmanniana Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 1241 (1895), pro syn.

= Picea orientalis (L.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 244 (1855), isonym

= Picea orientalis (L.) Link; Linnaea 20: 294 (1847), isonym

= Picea orientalis f. atrovirens Schelle; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 29: 42 (1920)

= Picea orientalis f. aurea (Otto) Beissn.; Handb. Conif.: 39 (1897)

= Picea orientalis f. aureospicata Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 15: 98 (1906 publ. 1907)

= Picea orientalis f. nana (Carrière) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 24 (1949)

= Picea orientalis f. nutans Schelle; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 29: 42 (1920)

= Picea orientalis var. aurea Ed.Otto; Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 29: 202 (1873)

= Picea orientalis var. nana Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 63: 120 (1891)

= Picea withmanniana Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 260 (1855)

= Picea wittmanniana Fisch. ex Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 15 (1875)

= Pinus abies Siev.; Neueste Nord. Beytr. Phys. Geogr. Erd- Völkerbeschreib. 7: 349 (1796)

= Pinus obovata Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11(1): 101 (1838)

= Pinus orientalis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 1421 (1763)

species :

Picea polita (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 256 (1855)

Distribution: China [I]; Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku)

36 chi 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies polita Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 20, t. 111 (1842)

= Abies thunbergii (Lamb.) Lindl.; Penny Cyclop. 1: 34 (1833)

= Abies torano Siebold; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 12: 12 (1830), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Picea bicolor Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 380 (1891)

= Picea polita f. rubriflora Kobayasi bis; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 191 (1965)

= Picea thunbergii (Lamb.) Asch. & Graebn. ex Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2. 13: 181 (1926)

= Picea torano (Siebold ex K.Koch) Koehne; Deut. Dendrol. 22 (1893), nom. illeg.

= Picea torano f. rubriflora (Kobayasi) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 80(6): 323

= Picea torano Koehne; Deut. Dendrol.: 22 (1893), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Pinus abies Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 275 (1784) non L.

= Pinus polita (Siebold & Zucc.) Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 8: 95, t. 36, f. 1 (1841)

= Pinus thunbergii Lamb.; Descr. Pinus 2: v (1824)

= Pinus torano (Siebold ex K.Koch) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 93 (1907), nom. illeg. superfl.

species :

Picea pungens Engelm.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 11: 334 (1879)

Name: Blue spruce, Colorado spruce (EN); Blau-Fichte (DE)

Distribution: Iceland [I]; Norway [I]; Germany [c]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; France [I]; Monaco [c]; Italy [I]; Slovenia [I]; Serbia [c]; Kosovo [c]; Belarus [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Canada (Nova Scotia, Ontario); USA (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, New Mexico, New York, Pennsylvania, Utah, Wyoming)

10 ice nor 11 aut ger hun slo swi 12 fra mco 13 ita kos slv srb 14 blr 32 uzb 72 CDN 73 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies commutata var. glauca Chargueraud; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 61: 428 (1889)

= Abies menziesii Engelm.; Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 34: 330 (1862), nom. illeg.

= Abies menziesii var. parryana André; Ill. Hort. 23: 198 (1876)

= Abies parlatorei Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.; Handb. Conif. [Dallimore & Jackson] 349 (1923), pro syn.

= Abies parryana Hort.; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 1241 (1895), pro syn.

= Picea commutata Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 346 (1891)

= Picea kosteri Dallim.; Conif. Cult. Rep. (R.H.S.) 27 (1932), pro syn.

= Picea kosteriana Pardé; Introd. Ess. Exot. For. Eur. Occ. 100 (1929), in syn.

= Picea menziesii Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 2: 214 (1863), nom. illeg.

= Picea menziesii var. parryana André; Ill. Hort. 23: 198 (1876)

= Picea parryana (André) Sarg.; Man. Trees: 44 (1905)

= Picea parryana unranked argentea R.C.Rosenthal; Wiener Ill. Gart.-Zeitung 12: 485 (1887)

= Picea parryana unranked glauca-pendens (Sudw.) Sudw.; Bull. Div. Forest. U.S.D.A. 17: 22 (1898)

= Picea parryana unranked glauca-pendula (H.Kost. ex Beissn.) André; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 73: 181 (1901)

= Picea parryana Parry; Gard. Chron., n. s. 20: 725 (1883)

= Picea pungens unranked argentea-pendula Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 15: 115, 144 (1899), nom. subnud.

= Picea pungens unranked glauca-pendens Sudw.; Bull. Div. Forest. U.S.D.A. 14: 40 (1897)

= Picea pungens f. argentea (R.C.Rosenthal) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 35 (1887)

= Picea pungens f. argentea Branner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. [45]: 33 (1918)

= Picea pungens f. coerulea Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 347 (1891)

= Picea pungens f. compacta Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 214 (1915)

= Picea pungens f. glauca (Regel) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 35 (1887)

= Picea pungens f. glauca-pendula H.Kost. ex Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 348 (1891)

= Picea pungens f. hunnewelliana (Hornibr.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 27 (1949)

= Picea pungens f. kosteriana (A.Henry) O.L.Lipa; Dendrofl. URSR: 23 (1939)

= Picea pungens f. pendens Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 27 (1949)

= Picea pungens f. pendula Schwer.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 29: 234 (1920), nom. illeg.

= Picea pungens f. perpendicularis Schwer.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 29: 234 (1920)

= Picea pungens f. viridis (Regel) O.L.Lipa; Dendrofl. URSR: 88 (1939)

= Picea pungens subvar. pendula Mouill.; Traité Arbr. Arbriss. 2: 1277 (1898)

= Picea pungens var. compacta (Rehder) Rehder; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2620 (1916)

= Picea pungens var. glauca Regel; Russ. Dendrol. ed. 2: 37 (1883)

= Picea pungens var. hunnewelliana Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers 128 (1923)

= Picea pungens var. kosteriana A.Henry; Trees Great Britain [Elwes & Henry] 6: 1390 (1912)

= Picea pungens var. pendula (Mouill.) Zederb.; Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 116: 1937 (1907)

= Picea pungens var. viridis Regel; Russ. Dendrol. ed. 2: 37 (1883)

= Pinus armata Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 95 (1907)

= Pinus parryana (André) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 93 (1907), nom. illeg.

species :

Picea purpurea Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 418 (1906)

Name: Purple-cone spruce (EN)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Qinghai, N-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea austropanlanica Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 6(2): 33 (1999) (tentative synonym fide Earle 2026, described from incomplete herbarium material, never seen in the wild)

= Picea likiangensis var. purpurea (Mast.) Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.; Handb. Conif. [Dallimore & Jackson] 334 (1923)

= Picea purpurea subsp. purdomii Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 18(1): 6 (-7) (2011)

species :

Picea retroflexa Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 420 (1906)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea asperata var. retroflexa (Mast.) W.C.Cheng; Ill. Manual Chin. Trees & Shrubs 38 (1937)

= Picea aurantiaca var. retroflexa (Mast.) C.T.Kuan & L.J.Zhou; Fl. Sichuan. 2: 71 (1983)

= Picea gemmata Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 24 (1914)

species :

Picea rubens Sarg.; Silva [Sargent] 12: 33, pl. 597 (1898)

Name: Red spruce (EN)

Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, West Virginia)

72 CDN SPM 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies americana K.Koch; Dendrol. 2(2): 241 (1873), nom. illeg.

= Abies arctica A.Cunn. ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 11 (1858)

= Abies rubra (Du Roi) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 6: 520 (1804)

= Picea acutissima (Münchh.) J.G.Jack; Gard. & Forest 10: 63 (1897), nom. prov.

= Picea americana Suringar; Meded. Rijks-Herb. 55: 47 (1928)

= Picea australis Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 30 (1903)

= Picea mariana Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 800 (1891)

= Picea nigra var. rubra (Du Roi) Engelm.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 11: 334 (1879)

= Picea rubens f. virgata Fernald & Weath.; Rhodora 34: 211 (1932)

= Picea rubra (Du Roi) Link; Handbuch [Link] 2: 478 (1831), not A. Dietr. (1824)

= Picea rubra f. virgata Rehder; Rhodora 9: 110 (1907)

= Picea rubra var. pendula Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2.: 323 (1867)

= Picea rubra var. pusilla Peck; Spruces Adirondacks: 10 (1897)

= Picea rubra var. virgata (Rehder) Rehder; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2619 (1916)

= Pinus acutissima Münchh.; Hausvater 5(1): 225 (1770)

= Pinus americana Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 60, t. 91 (1791), nom. illeg.

= Pinus canadensis var. rubescens Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 211 (1770)

= Pinus mariana Du Roi; Diss. Inaug. Obs. Bot. 38 (1771)

= Pinus mariana var. rubra Du Roi; Diss. Inaug. Obs. Bot. 39 (1771)

= Pinus rubra (Du Roi) D.Don; Descr. Pinus, ed. 2, 2: 43 (1828), nom. illeg.

= Pinus rubra var. violacea Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 114 (1847)

species :

Picea schrenkiana Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 10: 253 (1842)

subspecies :

subsp. schrenkiana

Name: Schrenk´s spruce (EN)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (W-Xinjiang)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies schrenkiana (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 212 (1850)

= Picea obovata var. schrenkiana (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 338 (1867)

= Picea robertii Vipper; Dokl. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 61(2): 371 (1948)

= Picea schrenkiana f. robertii (Vipper) Roldugin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R. 7: 6 (1971) (without basionym page)

= Pinus abies f. schrenkiana (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 93 (1907 publ. 1908)

= Picea orientalis var. longifolia Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 201 (1833)

= Pinus schrenkiana (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 8: 97 (1841)

subspecies :

subsp. tianschanica (Rupr.) Bykov; Izv. Akad. Nauk Kazahsk. S.S.R., Ser. Bot. 5: 22 (1950)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; China (W-Xinjiang)

32 KGZ 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea morinda subsp. tianschanica (Rupr.) Berezin; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 50: 493 (1970)

= Picea prostrata Isakov; Fl. Kirgizsk. S.S.R. 10: 374 (1962)

= Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica (Rupr.) W.C.Cheng & S.H.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 146 (1978)

= Picea tianschanica Rupr.; Sert. Tianschan. [Osten-Saken] 72 (1869)

species :

Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 260 (1855)

Name: Sitka spruce (EN); Sitka-Fichte (DE)

Distribution: Iceland [I]; England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Outer Hebrides [I], Orkney Isl. [I], Shetland Isl. [I], Isle of Man [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Norway [I]; Netherlands [I]; Germany [c]; Austria [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [c]; Slovenia [I]; Serbia [c]; Kosovo [c]; Estonia [I]; New Zealand [I]; Auckland Isl. [I]; Alaska (incl. Kodiak Isl.); Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Oregon, Washington State)

10 grb ice ire nor 11 aut ger net 12 cis fra 13 kos slv srb 14 est 51 auc nzl 70 ASK 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies falcata Raf.; Atlantic J. 1(3): 120 (1832)

= Abies menziesii (Douglas ex Lamb.) Lindl.; Penny Cyclop. 1: 32 (1833), not Mirb. (1825)

= Abies merkiana Fisch. ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 418 (1868)

= Abies sitchensis (Bong.) Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 212 (1850)

= Abies trigona Raf.; Atlantic J. 119 (1820)

= Picea falcata (Raf.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2. 314 (1867)

= Picea falcata (Raf.) Valck.Sur.; Meded. Landbouwhoogeschool 30(2): 49 (1927)

= Picea grandis Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 155 (1858), nom. illeg.

= Picea menziesii (Douglas ex D.Don) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 237 (1855)

= Picea menziesii var. crispa (Antoine) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif.: 237 (1855)

= Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Trautv. & C.A.Mey.; Fl. Ochot. Phaenog. 87, ad P. ajanensis (1856)

= Picea sitchensis f. speciosa Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 293 (1891)

= Picea sitkaensis Mayr ex Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 390 (1891), orth. var.

= Pinus menziesii Douglas ex Lamb.; Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 2, 3: 161, t. 71 (1837)

= Pinus menziesii var. crispa Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 7: 86 (1841)

= Pinus sitchensis Bong.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 164 (1833)

= Sequoia rafinesquei Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 213 (1867)

= Tsuga sitchensis (Bong.) Regel; Russ. Dendrol., ed. 2: 40 (1883)

species :

Picea smithiana (Wall.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 700 (1884)

Name: Indian Spruce, Morinda Spruce

Distribution: Afghanistan (Hindukush); S-Tibet; Pakistan (Karakoram); C-Nepal; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh); Bolivia [c]

34 AFG 36 TIB 40 IND NEP PAK 83 bol

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies khutrow (Royle ex Turra) Gordon; Gard. Chron. 1842(4): 52 (1842)

= Abies khutrow (Royle ex Turra) Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 1032 (1842)

= Abies morinda Gordon; Gard. Chron. 1842(4): 52 (1842), nom. illeg.

= Abies morinda Loudon; Encycl. Pl. [Loudon] 1294 (1829)

= Abies pendula Griff. ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 7 (1862)

= Abies smithiana (Wall.) Lindl.; Penny Cyclop. 1: 31 (1833)

= Picea khutrow (Royle ex Turra) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 258 (1855)

= Picea morinda (Gordon) Link; Linnaea 15: 522 (1841)

= Picea smithiana subsp. nepalensis (Franco) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 60

= Picea smithiana var. nepalensis Franco; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 1: 26 (1978)

= Picea smithiana var. pendula Sénécl.; Conifer. Monogr. 32 (1868)

= Pinus khutrow Royle ex Turra; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 350, t. 84, f. 1 (1839)

= Pinus morinda Bosse; Vollst. Handb. Bl.-Gärtn., ed. 2. 4: 536 (1849)

= Pinus pendula Griff.; J. Trav. 1: 287 (1847), nom. illeg.

= Pinus smithiana D.Don ex Lamb.; Descr. Pinus [Lambert] 3: t. 88 (1803)

= Pinus smithiana Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 207, no. 6063 (1831 publ. 1832), nomen), et Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 24, t. 246 (1832)

species :

Picea spinulosa (Griff.) A.Henry; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 39: 219 (1906)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim); Myanmar (Kachin)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND 41 MYA

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies spinulosa Griff.; J. Trav. 259, 265 (1847)

= Picea morindoides Rehder; Trees & Shrubs [Sargent] 1: 95 (1903)

= Picea spinulosa (Griff.) Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 83 (1906), isonym

= Picea spinulosa subsp. pseudobrachytyla (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 60

= Picea spinulosa subsp. yatungensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 60

= Picea spinulosa var. pseudobrachytyla Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 45 (1990)

= Picea spinulosa var. yatungensis Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 45 (1990)

= Pinus spinulosa (Griff.) Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 17 (1854)

species :

Picea wilsonii Mast.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 33: 133, t. 56 (1903)

Name: Wilson spruce (EN)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, W-Sichuan, Qinghai, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea fricksii Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 6(2): 32 (1999)

= Picea mastersii Mayr; Fremdländ. Wald-Parkbäume: 328 (1906)

= Picea shennongjianensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 6(2): 34 (1999)

= Picea watsoniana Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 419 (1906)

= Picea wilsonii f. mastersii (Mayr) J.Hoch; Bull. Cupressus Conservation Proj. 5(2): 63 (2016)

= Picea wilsonii subsp. shanxiensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 61 (2008)

= Picea wilsonii subsp. watsoniana (Mast.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 61 (2008)

= Picea wilsonii var. argenticinerea T.B.Chao, Zhi X.Chen & X.K.Li; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 13 (2021)

= Picea wilsonii var. argentiramula T.B.Chao, Y.M.Fan & Zhi X.Chen; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 13 (2021)

= Picea wilsonii var. fructisquampubescens T.B.Chao, Zhi X.Chen & X.K.Li; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 13 (2021)

= Picea wilsonii var. glabra T.B.Chao, Zhi X.Chen & Y.M.Fan; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 13 (2021)

= Picea wilsonii var. pubescens T.B.Chao, Zhi X.Chen & X.K.Li; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 13 (2021)

= Picea wilsonii var. quadristomilinearis T.B.Chao, Zhi X.Chen & X.K.Li; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 13 (2021)

= Picea wilsonii var. shanxiensis Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 46 (1990)

= Picea wilsonii var. watsoniana (Mast.) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 46 (1990)

species :

Picea ×albertiana S.Br.; Torreya 7: 126 (1907), pro spec.

Name: Western white spruce (EN)

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northern Territories, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Montana, South Dakota)

70 CDN 71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA

Remarks: Picea alba x P. engelmannii

Synonyms: hidden

= Picea alba var. albertiana (S.Br.) Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk., ed. 2: 273 (1909)

= Picea glauca subsp. albertiana (S.Br.) P.A.Schmidt; Haussknechtia 4: 38 (1988)

= Picea glauca subsp. ogilviei (W.L.Strong & Hills) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 56

= Picea glauca subsp. porsildii (Raup) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 56

= Picea glauca var. albertiana (S.Br.) Sarg.; Bot. Gaz. 67: 208 (1919)

= Picea glauca var. densata L.H.Bailey; Cult. Conif. N. Amer. 108 (1933)

= Picea glauca var. porsildii Raup; Sargentia 6: 102, tab. 12 (1947)

= Picea ×albertiana subsp. ogilviei W.L.Strong & Hills; Canad. J. Bot. 84: 1139 (2006)

= Picea ×albertiana var. densata (L.H.Bailey) W.L.Strong & Hills; Canad. J. Bot. 84(7): 1138 (-1139) (2006)

= Picea ×albertiana var. porsildii (Raup) W.L.Strong & Hills; Canad. J. Bot. 84(7): 1139

= Picea ×darwyniana Björk & Goward; Phytoneuron 2022-65: 1 (2022)

species :

Picea ×fennica (Regel) Kom.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 1: 145 (1934)

Name: Karelian spruce (EN)

Distribution: Finland; Norway; Sweden; N-European Russia (Archangelsk, Karelia, Kola peninsula, Komi); Siberia (W-Siberia/Siberian Urals, NW-Siberia)

10 FIN NOR SWE 14 RUS 30 SIB

Remarks: Picea abies x Picea obovata Ledeb.

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies excelsa var. medioxima (Nyl.) A.Murray bis; Pinet. Brit. 2: 138 (1867)

= Picea abies f. fennica (Regel) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl.: 39 (1918)

= Picea abies subsp. fennica (Regel) Parfenov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 7 (1971)

= Picea excelsa f. bicornis Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 69 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. bidentata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 68 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. decapitata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 69 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. elliptica Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 73 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. emarginata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 76 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. erosa Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 68 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. fennica (Regel) Ahlfv.in Sver.Fl.; Neuman] 819 (1901

= Picea excelsa f. gellivarensis Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 75 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. hemitypica Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 75 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. heptagona Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 76 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. herjedalica Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 76 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. laticeps Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 75 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. longialata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 75 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. mixta Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 68 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. obovoidea Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 73 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. obtusata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 68 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. rhomboidea Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 80 (1914)

= Picea excelsa f. sembidentata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 68 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. semierosa Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 68 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. subacuta Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 68 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. subcuneata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 73 (1917)

= Picea excelsa f. subobliqua Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 68 (1917)

= Picea excelsa subvar. brevialata Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 75 (1914)

= Picea excelsa subvar. medioxima (Nyl.) Schröt.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 43: 140 (1898)

= Picea excelsa var. fennica (Regel) Wittr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 75 (1914)

= Picea excelsa var. medioxima (Nyl.) Willk.; Forstl. Fl. Deutschl. Oesterr., ed. 2: 75 (1887)

= Picea excelsa var. rhombica Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 43: 68 (1917)

= Picea obovata var. fennica (Regel) A.Henry; Trees Great Britain [Elwes & Henry] 6: 1360 (1913)

= Picea vulgaris var. fennica (Regel) Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 7 (1890)

= Picea vulgaris var. uralensis Tepl.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41. 249 (1869)

= Picea vulgaris var. uwarowii Kauffm.; Mosk. Fl.: 605 (1866)

= Picea ×fennica nothosubsp. uralensis (Tepl.) P.A.Schmidt; Haussknechtia 4: 38 (1988)

= Pinus abies var. fennica Regel; Gartenflora 12: 95 (-96) (1863)

= Pinus abies var. medioxima Nyl.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 10: 501 (1863)

species :

Picea ×lutzii Little; J. Forest. (Washington) 51: 746 (1953)

Name: Lutz´s spruce (EN)

Distribution: S-Alaska (Kenai peninsula)

70 ASK

Remarks: Picea glauca x sitchensis

species :

Picea ×notha Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 85 (1939)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)

38 JAP

Remarks: Picea glehnii x P. jezoensis ssp. jezoensis

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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Search for: Picea alcoquiana-var.-alcoquiana

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
**in total 1,423,438* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

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Search for: Picea alcoquiana-var.-alcoquiana

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
**in total 1,423,438* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]