060.0000 Family Pinaceae Spreng. ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 35 (1830), nom. cons.

10 genera, ca. 220 spp.

Species listed in database: 241; hybrids: 32

060.1001 Genus Pinus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1000 (1753)

Distribution: holarctic, south to to Mexico and Indonesia. Systematics and species list taken mostly from Farjon (2017)

Species listed in database: 122; hybrids: 21

species :

Pinus albicaulis Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 2: 209 (1863)

Name: Whitebark pine, Scrub pine

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington State, Wyoming)

71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Apinus albicaulis (Engelm.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 598 (1905)

= Pinus cembroides Newb.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 6(3, no. 2), Bot. [Williamson & Abbot] 44, 90 (1857)

= Pinus flexilis subsp. albicaulis (Engelm.) Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 4: 175 (1880)

= Pinus shasta Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 390 (1867)

species :

Pinus amamiana Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 113 (1924)

Name: Yakushima white pine

Distribution: Japan (Yakushima Isl., Tanegashima Isl.)

38 JAP NNS

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus armandi var. amamiana (Koidz.) Hatus.; Mem. Fac. Agric. Kagoshima Univ. 1: 37 (1974)

species :

Pinus anemophila Businský; Acta Pruhon. 96: 5 (-13, figs.) (2010)

Distribution: Laos

41 LAO

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus dalatensis var. anemophila (Businský) Aver.; Nordic J. Bot. 32(6): 793 (2014), et Turczaninowia 18(1): 13 (2015)

species :

Pinus aristata Engelm.; Amer. J. Sci. Arts, Ser. 2, 34: 331 (1862), et in Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 2: 205 (1863)

Name: Rocky mountain bristlecone pine

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Parrya

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus balfouriana S.Watson; Botany (Fortieth Parallel) 331 (1871) (non A. Murray bis)

= Pinus balfouriana subsp. aristata (Engelm.) Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 4: 176 (1880)

= Pinus balfouriana var. aristata (Engelm.) Engelm.; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 2: 125 (1878)

species :

Pinus arizonica Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Geogr. Surv., Wheeler 6(Botany) 6: 260 (1878)

Name: Arizona pine

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nayarit, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Ponderosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus arizonica subsp. ornelasi (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 14 (2009)

= Pinus lutea var. ornelasi Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 16: 237, fig. 199-202 (1945)

= Pinus palustris var. arizonica (Engelm.) Shaw

= Pinus ponderosa subsp. arizonica (Engelm.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 23 (1982)

= Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Engelm.) Shaw; Publ. Arnold Arbor. 24, pl. 17 (1909)

variant :

var. cooperi (C.E.Blanco) Farjon; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 75: 107 (1997)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Chihuahua, Sonora, S-Sinaloa, ?Nayarit, ?Jalisco)

79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus arizonica subsp. cooperi (C.E.Blanco) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 14 (2009)

= Pinus cooperi C.E.Blanco; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 20: 185 (1950)

species :

Pinus armandi Franch.; Pl. David. 1: 285 (1884)

Name: Armand´s pine

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, C-Guizhou, NW-Guizhou, Hainan, SW-Henan, W-Hubei, S-Shaanxi, S-Shanxi, Sichuan, SE-Yunnan); Tibet; Taiwan; S-Japan; N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 38 JAP TAI 41 MYA

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus armandi subsp. farjonii (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 15 (2009)

= Pinus armandi subsp. yuana Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 29 (28)

= Pinus armandi var. brevitifolia T.B.Chao & Zhi X.Chen; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 7 (2021)

= Pinus armandi var. farjonii Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 29 (2000)

= Pinus excelsa var. chinensis Patschke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 657 (1913)

= Pinus levis Lemée & H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 60 (1910)

= Pinus scorpioniformis Mast.

variant :

var. dabeshanensis (W.C.Cheng & Y.W.Law) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 47 (1990)

Distribution: China (SW-Anhui, SE-Henan, E-Hubei)

36 CHI

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus armandi subsp. dabeshanensis (W.C.Cheng & Y.W.Law) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 15 (2009)

= Pinus dabeshanensis W.C.Cheng & Y.W.Law ex C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 85 (1975)

= Pinus fenzeliana var. dabeshanensis (W.C.Cheng & Y.W.Law) L.K.Fu & Nan Li; Novon 7(3): 262 (1997)

variant :

var. mastersiana (Hayata) Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25: 219 (1908)

Distribution: C-Taiwan (Mt. Alishan, Mt. Yushan)

38 TAI

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus armandi subsp. mastersiana (Hayata) Businský; Acta Pruhon. 68: 13 (1999)

= Pinus mastersiana Hayata; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 43: 194 (1908)

species :

Pinus attenuata Lemmon; Mining Sci. Press. 64: 45 (1892)

Name: Knobcone pine

Distribution: Taiwan [I]; USA (S-Oregon, N-California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

38 tai 73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Oocarpae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus tuberculata Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 4: 218 (1849)

= Pinus tuberculata var. acuta Mayr; Wald. Nordamer. 275 (1889)

species :

Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. ex Schltdl.; Linnaea 12: 492 (1838)

Name: Mexican white pine

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Bolivia [c]

79 MEX 80 ELS GUA HON 83 bol

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus ayacahuite subsp. loudoniana (Gordon) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 21 (1983)

= Pinus ayacahuite subsp. neorecurvata Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(1): 13 (2008)

= Pinus ayacahuite subsp. oaxacana (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 16 (2009)

= Pinus ayacahuite subsp. popocatepetlii (Roezl) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 15 (2009)

= Pinus ayacahuite var. loudoniana (Gordon) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 21 (1983)

= Pinus ayacahuite var. loudoniana (Gordon) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 47 (1990)

= Pinus ayacahuite var. oaxacana Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 47 (1990)

= Pinus bonapartea Roezl; Gard. Chron. 1858: 358 (1858)

= Pinus buonapartea Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum 218 (1858)

= Pinus colorado Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 407 (1868)

= Pinus don-pedrii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 31 (1857)

= Pinus durangensis Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum 218 (1858)

= Pinus hamata Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 32 (1857)

= Pinus loudoniana Gordon; Pinetum 230 (1858)

= Pinus loudoniana var. don-pedrii (Roezl) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 1: 407 (1867)

= Pinus popocatepetlii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 38 (1857)

variant :

var. veitchii (Roezl) Shaw; Publ. Arnold Arbor. 1: 10 (1909)

Distribution: Mexico (Guanajuato, Querétaro, Hidalgo, Veracruz, México State, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Morelos, Michoacán)

79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus ayacahuite subsp. veitchii (Roezl) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 16 (2009)

= Pinus veitchii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 32 (1857)

= Pinus strobiformis subsp. veitchii (Roezl) Frankis; Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book 2008: 68 (2009)

species :

Pinus balfouriana Balf.; Bot. Exped. Oregon 8: 1, plate (1853)

Name: Foxtail pine

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Parrya

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus balfouriana subsp. austrina Brujin & J.Mastrog.; Syst. Bot. 5(1): 102 (1980)

= Pinus balfouriana var. austrina (Brujin & J.Mastrog.) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 48 (1984)

species :

Pinus banksiana Lamb.; Descr. Pinus [Lambert] 1: 7 (1803)

Name: Jack pine

Distribution: Denmark [I]; Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Slovakia [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [c]; Romania [I]; Estonia [I]; Belarus [I]; China [I]; South Korea [I]; Taiwan [I]; New Zealand [I]; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)

10 den 11 aut ger slo 13 kos rom SRB 14 blr est 36 chi 38 kor tai 51 nzl 70 CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Contortae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus divaricata (Aiton) Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 457 (1811)

= Pinus divaricata (Aiton) Sudw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20(2): 44 (1893), isonym

= Pinus divaricata Gordon; Pinetum 163 (1858), nom. inval.

= Pinus divaricata var. musci Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 272 (1966)

= Pinus hudsonica Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 5: 389 (1804)

= Pinus rupestris F.Michx.; Hist. Arbr. Forest. 1: 49, t. 2 (1810)

= Pinus sylvestris var. divaricata Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 366 (1789)

species :

Pinus bhutanica Grierson, D.G.Long & C.N.Page; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38(2): 299 (1980)

Name: Bhutan pine

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Bhutan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus wallichiana subsp. bhutanica (Grierson, D.G.Long & C.N.Page) Businský; Acta Pruhon. 68: 10 (1999)

= Pinus bhutanica var. ludlowii Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 29 (2000)

= Pinus bhutanica subsp. ludlowii (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 16 (2009)

species :

Pinus brutia Ten.; Fl. Napol. 72., & Fl. Napol. 4: 136 (1830), & Fl. Napol. 5: 266 (1835-6) (1815)

Name: Kalabrische Kiefer, Turkish Pine

Distribution: Italy [I]; Croatia [I]; Montenegro [I]; European Turkey; Greece (scattered, incl. Kiklades, Thasos, Samothraki, Limnos); Crete (widespread); Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Dodecanese, Kos, Karpathos, Simi, Kasos, Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (Anatolia); Iraq; Afghanistan [I] (Farah [I], Herat [I], Nangarhar [I]); Cyprus; Lebanon; Syria; Israel

13 cro GRC ita KRI mnt TUE 20 alg mor 34 afg CYP EAI IRQ ISR LEB SYR TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinaster

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus brutia f. kruepericola Frankis; Papers Int. Symp. Pinus brutia Ten., Marmaris 14 (1993)

= Pinus brutia f. pyramidalis (Selik) Kandemir & Mataracı; Resimli Türkiye Florasi (Ill. Fl. Turkey) 2: 333 (2018)

= Pinus brutia var. densifolia Yalt. & Boydak; Istanbul Üniv. Orman Fak. Derg., A 39(2): 48 (1989 publ. 1992), without type, et Karaca Arbor. Mag. 5(4): 175 (2000)

= Pinus brutia var. pyramidalis Selik; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 62: 62 (1962)

= Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia (Ten.) Holmboe; Bergens Mus. Skr., n. s., 1(2): 29 (1914)

= Pinus halepensis var. brutia (Ten.) A.Henry; Trees Great Britain [Elwes & Henry] 5: 1100 (1910)

= Pinus persica Fox-Strangw.; Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv. 15: 130 (1839)

variant :

var. eldarica (Medw.) Silba; Phytologia 58(6): 367 (1985)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Georgia [Caucasus] (Kiziki); Azerbaijan; N-Iraq; NW-Iran

32 TKM 33 AZE GEO 34 IRN IRQ

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus brutia subsp. eldarica (Medw.) Nahal; Ann. École Natl. Eaux 19: 521 (1962)

= Pinus brutia var. caucasica Lipsky; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 14(2): 309 (1898)

= Pinus eldarica Medw.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 6(2): 21 (1902)

= Pinus halepensis var. eldarica (Medw.) Fitschen; Handb. Nadelholzk., ed. 3: 392 (1930)

variant :

var. pendulifolia Frankis; Papers Int. Symp. Pinus brutia Ten., Marmaris 14 (1993)

Distribution: SW-Turkey (Mugla)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus brutia subsp. pendulifolia (Frankis) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 17 (2009)

variant :

var. pithyusa (Gordon) Silba ex Kovalchuk; Ann. Bot. Fennici 62: 146 (2025)

Name: Pityusen-Kiefer (DE)

Distribution: Crimea; Northern Caucasus (Krasnodar); Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia)

14 KRY 33 GEO NCS

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus brutia subsp. pityusa (Steven) Nahal; Ann. École Natl. Eaux 19: 521 (1962), nom. inval.

= Pinus brutia subsp. stankewiczii (Sukaczev) Nahal; Ann. École Natl. Eaux 19: 521 (1962)

= Pinus brutia var. pityusa (Steven) Silba; Phytologia 58(6): 367 (1985), nom. inval.

= Pinus brutia var. stankewiczii (Sukaczev) Frankis; Papers Int. Symp. Pinus brutia Ten., Marmaris 14 (1993)

= Pinus halepensis subsp. pityusa (Steven) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 22 (1983)

= Pinus halepensis subsp. stankewiczii (Sukaczev) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 22 (1983)

= Pinus halepensis var. pithyusa (Gordon) Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 166 (1858), isonym

= Pinus halepensis var. pithyusa (Gordon) Knight; Syn. Conif. Pl. 27 (1850)

= Pinus pithyusa Fox-Strangw. ex Gordon; Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv. 16: 638 (1840), nom. inval.

= Pinus pithyusa Gordon; Gard. Chron. 1841(35): 564 (1841)

= Pinus pitiusa Nordmann; Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 2(6): 93 (1837), nom. inval.

= Pinus pityusa Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 49 (1838), nom. inval.

= Pinus pityusa var. stankewiczii Sukaczev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 1: 37 (1906)

= Pinus stankewiczii (Sukaczev) Fomin; Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 34: 21 (1914), clavi

species :

Pinus bungeana Zucc.; Syn. Conif. 166 (1847)

Name: Lace-bark pine

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Hebei, W-Henan, W-Hubei, S-Shaanxi, Shanxi, N-Sichuan); South Korea [I]

36 CHI 38 kor

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus bungeana var. albicortex T.B.Chao, Zhi X.Chen & X.K.Li; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 6 (2021)

= Pinus bungeana var. pendulifolia T.B.Chao, Zhi X.Chen & X.K.Li; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 6 (2021)

= Pinus bungeana var. pyrimidalis T.B.Chao, Zhi X.Chen & X.K.Li; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 6 (2021)

= Pinus excorticata Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 217 (1850)

species :

Pinus canariensis C.Sm.; Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 159 (1825) ex DC., Pl. Rar. Jard. Genève I (1829)

Name: Canary Pine (EN), Kanaren-Kiefer (DE), Pino canario (ES)

Distribution: Italy [I]; Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); South Africa [I]; Cyprus [I]; Taiwan [I]

13 ita 21 CNY 27 saf 34 cyp 38 tai

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinaster

Conservation Status: IUCN R

species :

Pinus caribaea Morelet; Rev. Hort. Côte d´Or, Sér. 4, 1: 107 (1855), et in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Moselle 7: 97-101 (1885)

Name: Pitch Pine (EN); Pino, Pino amarillo, Pino macho (Cuba)

Distribution: Gambia [I]; Benin [I]; Gabon [I]; China [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; Cook Isl. [I]; Austral Isl. [I]; Belize [I]; Costa Rica [I]; W-Cuba (incl. Isla de la Juventud); Trinidad [I]; Colombia [I]; Guyana [I]; Surinam [I]; French Guiana [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [c]

22 ben gam 23 gab 36 chi 40 ban 41 mya 60 fij nue rot van 61 aui coo 80 blz cos 81 CUB trt 82 clm frg guy sur 83 bol per

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Australes

Conservation Status: vulnerable (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba)

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus recurvata Rowlee; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 107 (1903)

= Pinus cubensis var. anomala Rowlee; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 108 (1903)

variant :

var. bahamensis (Griseb.) W.H.Barrett & Golfari; Caribbean Forest. 23: 63 (1962)

Name: Caribbean pine-tree (Bahamas)

Distribution: Bahamas (New Providence, Andros Isl., Grand Bahama, Abaco Isl.); Turks & Caicos Isl.

81 BAH TCI

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus caribaea subsp. bahamensis (Griseb.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 17 (2009)

= Pinus bahamensis Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 503 (1862)

variant :

var. hondurensis (Sénécl.) W.H.Barrett & Golfari; Caribbean Forest. 23: 65 (1962)

Distribution: Guam [I]; Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo); N-Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; St. Lucia [I]

62 gum 79 MEX 80 BLZ ELS GUA HON NIC 81 his pue stl

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus caribaea subsp. hondurensis (Sénécl.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 17 (2009)

= Pinus hondurensis Sénécl.; Conifer. Monogr. 126 (1868)

species :

Pinus cembra L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1000 (1753)

Name: Swiss stone pine (EN), Arve, Zirbelkiefer (DE)

Distribution: Iceland [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Estonia [I]; Belarus [I]; Ukraine; Canada [I] (Ontario [I])

10 fin ice nor swe 11 AUT GER LIE POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BIH CRO ITA KOS ROM SLV 14 blr est UKR 72 cdn

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Apinus cembra (L.) Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 3: 270 (1790)

= Cembra montana Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 27 (1852)

= Pinea cembra (L.) Opiz; Oekon. Neuigk. Verh. 1838: 526 (1839)

= Pinus cedrus Uspenski; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 7: 389 (1834)

= Pinus cembra f. helvetica (Christ) Suess.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.], ed. 2, 1: 151 (1936)

= Pinus cembra var. alpina Rikli; Neue Denkschr. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. 44: 382 (1909), nom. inval.

= Pinus cembra var. fruticosa Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 189 (1841)

= Pinus cembra var. helvetica (Christ) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 1: 106 (1907), nom. inval.

= Pinus cembra var. helvetica (Christ) J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 71 (1839), nom. inval.

= Pinus cembra var. helvetica Lodd. ex Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2276 (1838)

= Pinus cembra var. pendula J.Nelson; Pinaceae [Nelson] 107 (1866)

= Pinus humistrata Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 388 (1867)

= Pinus montana Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 651 (1779)

= Pinus montana subsp. arborea (Tubeuf) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.], ed. 2, 1: 147 (1935)

= Pinus pygmaea Fisch. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 142 (1847)

= Strobus cembra (L.) Moldenke; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 30 (1939)

species :

Pinus cembroides Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 1: 392 (1832) s. str.

subspecies :

subsp. cembroides

Name: Mexican nut pine, Pinyon pine

Distribution: USA (SE-Arizona, SW-New Mexico, W-Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Parrya

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus fertilis Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 76 (1862)

= Pinus llaveana Schiede; Linnaea 12: 488 (1838)

= Pinus osteosperma Engelm.; Mem. Tour N. Mexico [Wislizenus] 89 (1848)

variant :

var. bicolor Little; Phytologia 17: 336 (1968)

Name: Border piñon, Johannis pine

Distribution: USA (SE-Arizona, SW-New Mexico); Mexico (NE-Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, W-Coahuila, Nuevo León, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus cembroides subsp. bicolor (Little) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 17 (2009)

= Pinus cembroides subsp. johannis (M.-F.Robert) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 18 (2009)

= Pinus culminicola var. bicolor (Little) Eckenw.; Conifers World 647 (2009)

= Pinus culminicola var. discolor (Bailey & Hawksworth) Silba; Phytologia 56(7): 490 (1985)

= Pinus culminicola var. johannis (M.-F.Robert) Silba; Phytologia 56(7): 491 (1985)

= Pinus discolor D.K.Bailey & Hawksw.; Phytologia 44(3): 130 (1979), nom. nov.

= Pinus johannis M.-F.Robert; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 18(3): 366 (1978)

subspecies :

subsp. lagunae (M.-F.Robert) D.K.Bailey; Phytologia 54(2): 98 (1983)

Name: Laguna piñon

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)

79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus cembroides var. lagunae M.-F.Robert; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 1981(1): 64 (1981)

= Pinus lagunae (M.-F.Robert) M.-F.Robert; Phytologia 63(5): 337 (1987)

subspecies :

subsp. orizabensis D.K.Bailey; Phytologia 54(2): 89 (1983)

Name: Orizaba piñon

Distribution: Mexico (Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus cembroides Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 1: 236 (1846) (non Zucc. (1832))

= Pinus cembroides var. orizabensis (Bailey) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 48 (1990)

= Pinus orizabensis (D.K.Bailey) D.K.Bailey & Hawksw.; Novon 2(4): 306 (1992)

species :

Pinus cernua P.K.Lôc ex Aver., K.S.Nguyen & T.H.Nguyên; Nordic J. Bot. 32(6): 792 (2014)

Distribution: Laos; Vietnam

41 LAO VIE

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Pinus clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Sarg.; Rep. For. N. Amer. 199 (1884)

Name: Sand pine

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida)

78 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Contortae

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus clausa subsp. immuginata (D.B.Ward) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 22 (1983)

= Pinus clausa var. immuginata D.B.Ward; Castanea 28: 4 (1963)

= Pinus inops subsp. clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 4: 177 (1880)

= Pinus inops var. clausa Chapm. ex Engelm.; Bot. Gaz. 2: 125 (1877)

= Pinus virginiana subsp. clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Eckenw.; Conifers World 647 (2009)

species :

Pinus contorta Boland.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 227 (1866)

subspecies :

subsp. contorta

Name: Tamarack pine, Shore pine

Distribution: Iceland [I]; England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Outer Hebrides [I], Orkney Isl. [I], Shetland Isl. [I], Isle of Man [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Channel Isl. [I] (Jersey [I], Guernsey [I]); Italy [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [c]; Romania [I]; New Zealand [I]; Alaska; Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Oregon, Washington State); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Campeche, Yucatan); Argentina [I]; Chile [I]

10 den fin grb ice ire nor swe 11 bgm ger 12 cis 13 ita kos rom SRB 51 nzl 70 ASK 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX 85 arg cle

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Contortae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus bourcieri Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris), Sér. 4, 3: 225 (1854)

= Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 975 (1842), isonym

= Pinus inops Bong.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 168 (1833)

= Pinus macintoshiana P.Lawson; Cat. 1855: 15 (1855)

= Pinus muricata Boland.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 227 (1866)

= Pinus saskatchawensis Hook. ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 381 (1868)

= Pinus tamrac A.Murray bis; Gard. Chron. 1869: 191 (1869)

variant :

var. bolanderi (Parl.) Lemmon; Erythea 2: 176 (1894)

Name: Mendocino Sands Shore pine

Distribution: W-USA (California: Mendocino Co.)

76 USA

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus bolanderi Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 379 (1868)

= Pinus contorta subsp. bolanderi (Parl.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 22 (1982)

variant :

var. latifolia Engelm. ex S.Watson; Botany (Fortieth Parallel) 331 (1871)

Name: Lodgepole pine

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Northern Territories, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia (Engelm. ex S.Watson) Critchf.; Publ. Maria Moors Cabot. Found. Bot. Res. no. 3: 107 (1957)

= Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia (S.Watson) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 23 (1982)

= Pinus contorta var. hendersonii Lemmon; Erythea 2: 176 (1894)

= Pinus divaricata var. hendersonii (Lemmon) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 272 (1966)

= Pinus divaricata var. latifolia (Engelm. ex S.Watson) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 272 (1966)

variant :

var. murrayana (Balf.) Engelm.; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 2: 126 (1880)

Name: Sierra lodgepole pine

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington State); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN I

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus contorta subsp. murrayana (Balf.) Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 4: 177 (1880)

= Pinus contorta subsp. murrayana (Balf.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 23 (1982)

= Pinus murrayana Balf.; Bot. Exped. Oregon [A.Murray] 2 (1853), ex A. Murray bis in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 6: 351 (1860)

= Pinus murrayana var. sargentii Mayr; Wald. Nordamer. 349 (1889)

variant :

var. yukonensis W.L.Strong; Nordic J. Bot. 28(4): 448 (-452; figs. 1-2)

Name: Yukon pine

Distribution: Canada (Yukon)

70 CDN

species :

Pinus coulteri D.Don; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 440 (1837)

Name: Coulter pine, Bigcone pine

Distribution: Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; W-USA (California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

20 alg mor 76 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Ponderosae

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus macrocarpa Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 26(Misc.): 61 (1840)

= Pinus ponderosa subsp. coulteri (D.Don) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 23 (1982)

species :

Pinus cubensis Griseb.; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 8: 530 (1863)

Name: Cuban pine

Distribution: E-Cuba

81 CUB

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Australes

Conservation Status: vulnerable (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba)

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus cubensis Griseb. ex Carabia; Caribbean Forest. 2: 94 (1941), descr. emend.

= Pinus cubensis subsp. maestrensis (Bisse) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 19 (2009)

= Pinus maestrensis Bisse; Ciencias (Havana), Ser. 10, Bot. 2: 2 (1975)

= Pinus occidentalis var. cubensis (Sarg. ex Griseb.) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 55 (1984)

= Pinus occidentalis var. maestrensis (Bisse) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 57 (1990)

= Pinus wrightii Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 4: 185 (1880)

species :

Pinus culminicola Andresen & Beaman; J. Arnold Arbor. 42: 437 (1961)

Name: Potosi pinyon pine

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León)

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Parrya

Conservation Status: IUCN V/E

species :

Pinus dalatensis Ferré; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 1, sect. 6: Art. 4 (Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse, 95) 8 (1960)

Distribution: Vietnam

41 VIE

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus wallichiana var. dalatensis (Ferré) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 59 (1984)

variant :

var. bidoupensis Businský; Candollea 54(1): 127 (1999)

Distribution: Vietnam (Bi Doup Mt.)

41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus dalatensis subsp. bidoupensis (Businský) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 19 (2009)

variant :

var. procera (Businský) Aver.; Turczaninowia 18(1): 15 (2015)

Distribution: Laos; Vietnam

41 LAO VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus dalatensis subsp. procera Businský; Candollea 54(1): 133 (1999)

species :

Pinus densata Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 416 (1906)

Name: Gaoshan pine

Distribution: China (S-Qinghai, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus densata subsp. tibetica Businský; Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 12 (2008)

= Pinus densata subsp. wilsonii Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 19 (2009)

= Pinus tabuliformis var. densata (Masters) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 7: 23 (1926)

= Pinus sinensis var. densata (Masters) Shaw; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 17 (1914)

species :

Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 22, t. 112 (1842)

Name: Japanese red pine

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, NE-Jiangsu, SE-Jilin, Liaoning, E-Shandong, N-Shandong); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (S-Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus densiflora f. aggregata Nakai; Fl. Kor. 2: 380 (1911)

= Pinus densiflora f. aurescens Uyeki; Bull. Agric. Forest. Coll. Suigen (Suwon) 1: 4 (1925)

= Pinus densiflora f. brevifolia (Liou & Z.Wang) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 49 (1979)

= Pinus densiflora f. congesta Uyeki; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 17 (1938)

= Pinus densiflora f. erecta Uyeki; Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 66: 49 (1928)

= Pinus densiflora f. liaotungensis (Liou & Z.Wang) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 50 (1979)

= Pinus densiflora f. multicaulis Uyeki; Bull. Agric. Forest. Coll. Suigen (Suwon) 1: 4 (1925)

= Pinus densiflora f. nigricorticalis Q.L.Wang; Fl. Liaoningica 1: 152 (1988)

= Pinus densiflora f. pendula Mayr; Monogr. Abietin. Japan. Reich. 91 (1890)

= Pinus densiflora f. sylvestriformis Taken.; J. Jap. Forest. Soc. 24: 120 (1942)

= Pinus densiflora f. ussuriensis (Liou & Z.Wang) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 50 (1979)

= Pinus densiflora f. vittata Uyeki; Bull. Agric. Forest. Coll. Suigen (Suwon) 1: 1 (1925)

= Pinus densiflora subsp. funebris (Kom.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 19 (2009)

= Pinus densiflora subsp. takahasii (Nakai) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 38 (2009)

= Pinus densiflora subsp. zhangwuensis (S.J.Zhang, C.X.Li & X.Y.Yuan) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 38 (2009)

= Pinus densiflora var. albifolia Castillón ex Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 46: 272 (1874)

= Pinus densiflora var. aurea Mayr; Monogr. Abietin. Japan. Reich. 91 (1890)

= Pinus densiflora var. aureovariegata-pendula Mayr; Monogr. Abietin. Japan. Reich. 93 (1890)

= Pinus densiflora var. brevifolia Liou & Q.L.Wang; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 98 (1955)

= Pinus densiflora var. funebris (Kom.) Liou & Q.L.Wang; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 98 (1955)

= Pinus densiflora var. globosa Mayr; Monogr. Abietin. Japan. Reich. 91 (1890)

= Pinus densiflora var. liaotungensis Liou & Z.Wang; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 548 (1955)

= Pinus densiflora var. oculus-draconis Mayr; Monogr. Abietin. Japan. Reich. 91 (1890)

= Pinus densiflora var. oculus-draconis-pendula Mayr; Monogr. Abietin. Japan. Reich. 91 (1890)

= Pinus densiflora var. pendula Mayr; Monogr. Abietin. Japan. Reich. 91 (1890)

= Pinus densiflora var. umbraculifera Mayr; Monogr. Abietin. Japan. Reich. 92 (1890)

= Pinus densiflora var. ussuriensis Liou & Z.Wang; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 98, 548 (1958)

= Pinus densiflora var. zhangwuensis S.J.Zhang, C.X.Li & X.Y.Yuan; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 15(3): 338 (1995)

= Pinus japonica Forb.; Pinet. Woburn. 33 (1839)

= Pinus massoniana Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 503 (1881)

= Pinus pinea Gordon; Pinetum 179 (1858), partim

= Pinus rubra Sieber ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 58 (1862)

= Pinus scopifera Miq.; Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. [Zollinger] 82 (1854)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. densiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Vorosch.; Florist. Issl. Razn. Raionakh S.S.S.R. [A.K.Skvortsov] 146 (1985)

= Pinus takahasii Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho, No. 167: 32 (1939)

species :

Pinus devoniana Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.): 62 (1839)

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Costa Rica [I]

79 MEX 80 cos GUA

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Ponderosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus devoniana subsp. nayaritana (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 37 (2009)

= Pinus devoniana subsp. procera (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 37 (2009)

= Pinus devoniana subsp. quevedoi (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 20 (2009)

= Pinus devoniana subsp. tumida (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 37 (2009)

= Pinus devoniana subsp. wincesteriana (Gordon) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 20 (2009)

= Pinus michoacana f. nayaritana Martínez; Pinos Mexic., ed. 2, 266 (1948)

= Pinus michoacana f. procera Martínez; Pinos Mexic., ed. 2: 257 (1948)

= Pinus michoacana f. tumida Martínez; Pinos Mexic., ed. 2, 258, fig. (1948)

= Pinus michoacana Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 15: 1 (1944)

= Pinus michoacana var. quevedoi Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 15: 1 (1944)

= Pinus wincesteriana Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 2: 158 (1847)

species :

Pinus douglasiana Martínez; Madroño 7: 4 (1943)

Name: Douglas pine

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tlaxcala, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Ponderosae

species :

Pinus durangensis Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 13: 23 (1942)

Name: Durango pine

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Nayarit, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Ponderosae

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus douglasiana var. martinezii (Larson) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 49 (1990)

= Pinus durangensis f. quinquefoliata Martínez; Pinos Mexic., ed. 2: 232 (1948)

= Pinus durangensis subsp. martinezii (E.Larsen) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 20 (2009)

= Pinus durangensis subsp. quinquefoliata (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 38 (2009)

= Pinus martinezii E.Larsen; Madroño 17: 217 (1964)

species :

Pinus echinata Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 12 (1768)

Name: Shortleaf pine

Distribution: China [I] (Fujian [I], Jiangsu [I], Zhejiang [I]); Taiwan [I]; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)

36 chi 38 tai 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Australes

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus lutea Lodd. ex Gordon; Pinetum 170 (1858)

= Pinus mitis Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 204 (1803)

= Pinus royleana Jamieson ex Lindl.; J. Hort. Soc. London 9: 52 (1855)

= Pinus roylei Lindl. ex Gordon; Pinetum 170 (1858)

= Pinus variabilis Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 643 (1813) non (Aiton) Lamb. nec Mill.

species :

Pinus edulis Engelm.; Mem. Tour N. Mexico [Wislizenus] 88 (1848)

Name: Twoneedle pinyon, Pinyon pine

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, Wyoming); Mexico (Chihuahua)

73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Parrya

Synonyms: hidden

= Caryopitys edulis (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 29 (1903)

= Pinus cembroides subsp. edulis (Engelm.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 22 (1982)

= Pinus cembroides var. edulis (Engelm.) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1907: 95 (1908)

= Pinus fremontiana Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 4: 293 (1849)

species :

Pinus elliottii Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 4: 186 (1880)

Name: Slash pine

Distribution: South Africa [I] (Free State [I]); China [I] (widespread [I]); Taiwan [I]; Fiji [I]; USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas)

27 saf 36 chi 38 tai 60 fij 77 USA 78 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Australes

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus heterophylla (Elliott) Sudw.; Bull. Div. Forest. U.S.D.A. 17: 19 (1893), not K. Koch (1849)

= Pinus taeda var. heterophylla Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 636 (1824)

variant :

var. densa Little & K.W.Dorman; J. Forest. (Washington) 50: 921 (1952)

Name: Florida slash pine

Distribution: USA (S-Florida)

78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus densa (Little & K.W.Dorman) de Laub. & Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 50 (1984)

= Pinus densa (Little & K.W.Dorman) Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 2, sect. 1, vol. 1(2), chap. 6: 52, clavi, 108 (1960)

= Pinus densa var. austrokeyensis Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 49 (1990), as ´austro-keysensis´

= Pinus elliottii subsp. austrokeyensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 21 (2009)

= Pinus elliottii subsp. densa (Little & Dorman) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 23 (1982)

species :

Pinus engelmannii Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris), Sér. 4, 3: 227 (1854), & Conif. ed. I. 356

Name: Apache pine

Distribution: SW-USA (SE-Arizona, SW-New Mexico); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Ponderosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus apacheca Lemmon; Erythea 2: 103, pl. 3 (1894)

= Pinus engelmannii subsp. blancoi (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 21 (2009)

= Pinus engelmannii var. blancoi (Martínez) Martínez; Pinos Mexic., ed. 2: 288 (1948)

= Pinus latifolia H.Mayr; Gard. & Forest 2: 496 (1889), cum xylogr., Beissn. Handb. Nadelkolzk. 259 (1891), Koehne, Deut. Dendrol. 36 (1893)

= Pinus latifolia Sarg.; Gard. & Forest 2: 496, f. 135 (1889)

= Pinus macrophylla Engelm.; Mem. Tour N. Mexico [Wislizenus] 103 (non Lindl. (1839))

= Pinus macrophylla var. blancoi Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 14: 345 (1944)

= Pinus mayriana Sudw.; Bull. Forest. Div. U.S.D.A. 14: 21 (1897)

= Pinus mayriana var. apacheca (Lemmon) Lemmon; Cone-bear. Trees Pacif. Slope, ed. 4: 112 (1900)

= Pinus ponderosa var. macrophylla (Engelm.) Shaw; Publ. Arnold Arbor. 24, pl. 17 (1909)

= Pinus ponderosa var. mayriana (Sudw.) Sarg.; Silva [Sargent] 11: 81 (1897)

species :

Pinus eremitana Businský; Willdenowia 34(1): 234 (2004)

Distribution: NW-Vietnam

41 VIE

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus wangii var. eremitana (Businský) Aver.; Turczaninowia 18(1): 15 (2015)

species :

Pinus fenzeliana Hand.-Mazz.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 80: 337 (1931)

Distribution: China (Hainan, Guangxi, C-Guizhou, N-Guizhou, SE-Sichuan, S-Hunan); NW-Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus armandi var. fenzeliana (Hand.-Mazz.) Eckenw.; Conifers World 647 (2009)

= Pinus fenzeliana subsp. annamensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 21 (2009)

= Pinus fenzeliana var. annamensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 30 (2000), as ´annamiensis´

= Pinus parviflora var. fenzeliana (Hand.-Mazz.) C.L.Wu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 5(3): 143 (1956)

species :

Pinus flexilis E.James; Narrat. Exped. St. Peter´s River [Keating] 2: 27, 35 (1823)

Name: Limber pine

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas)

71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Apinus flexilis (E.James) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 598 (1905)

= Pinus cembra var. flexilis (E.James) F.Sanders; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 735 (1874)

= Pinus flexilis subsp. alpina (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 22 (2009)

= Pinus flexilis subsp. callahanii (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 22 (2009)

= Pinus flexilis var. alpina Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 30 (2000)

= Pinus flexilis var. callahanii Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 30 (2000)

= Pinus novaemexicana P.Landry; Phytologia 65: 479 (1989)

variant :

var. reflexa Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Geogr. Surv., Wheeler 6 (Botany): 258 (1878)

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, SW-Texas); Mexico (Nuevo León, Chihuahua, Coahuila, NE-Sonora)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus ayacahuite var. strobiformis (Engelm.) Lemmon; Handb. W. Amer. Cone-bearers, ed. 2: 4 (1892)

= Pinus flexilis subsp. reflexa (Engelm.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 23 (1982)

= Pinus reflexa (Engelm.) Engelm.; Bot. Gaz. 7: 4 (1882)

= Pinus strobiformis subsp. potosiensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 34 (2009)

= Pinus strobiformis var. potosiensis Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 62 (1990)

= Pinus stylesii Frankis ex Businský; Acta Pruhon. 88: 6 (2008)

species :

Pinus georginae Pérez de la Rosa; Brittonia 61(1): 56 (2009)

Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco)

79 MEX

Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unconfirmed

species :

Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D.Don; Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 3, 2: 151 (1832)

Distribution: E-Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); S-Tibet; N-Pakistan; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, etc.)

34 AFG 36 TIB 40 IND PAK

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus gerardii Forbes; Hort. Woburn. 210 (1833), orth. var.

= Pinus aucklandii Lodd. ex Gordon; Pinetum 195 (1858)

= Pinus chilghoza Elphick ex Knight; Syn. Conif. 30 (1847)

= Pinus neosa Govan ex W.Baxter; Hort. Brit. [Loudon], Suppl. 3, 2: 658 (1839)

species :

Pinus glabra Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 237 (1788)

Name: Spruce pine

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina)

78 USA

species :

Pinus gordoniana Hartw. ex Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 2: 79 (1847)

subspecies :

subsp. gordoniana

Distribution: S-Mexico; C-Mexico

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Ponderosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus montezumae subsp. gordoniana (Hartw. ex Gordon) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 27 (2009)

= Pinus montezumae var. gordoniana (Hartw.) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 55 (1990)

subspecies :

subsp. sinaloensis (Debreczy & I.Rácz) Frankis; Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book 2023: 43 (2024)

Distribution: Mexico (Sinaloa)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus yecorensis var. sinaloensis Debreczy & I.Rácz; Phytologia 78(4): 236 (1995)

subspecies :

subsp. yecorensis (Debreczy & I.Rácz) Frankis; Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book 2023: 42 (2024)

Distribution: Mexico

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus yecorensis Debreczy & I.Rácz; Phytologia 78(4): 233 (1995)

= Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. yecorensis (Debreczy & I.Rácz) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 32 (2009)

species :

Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 396 (1868)

Name: Gregg´s pine

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi)

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Australes

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus pseudopatula Bois; Bull. Soc. Natl. Acclim. France, Sér. 4, 60: 140 (1913), in obs., nomen, ex Robertson in Empire For. J. 13: 256 (1934)

variant :

var. australis Donahue & Lopez Upton; Sida 18(4): 1092 (1999)

Distribution: Mexico (Queretaro, Hidalgo, N-Puebla)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus greggii subsp. australis (Donahue & Lopez Upton) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 22 (2009)

species :

Pinus halepensis Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 8 (1768)

Name: Aleppo pine (EN), Aleppo-Kiefer (DE); Pino carrasco (ES)

Distribution: Portugal [I]; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; France; Monaco [c]; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta [I]; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (widespread, incl. Kiklades); Crete (very rare); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera); South Africa [I]; East Aegaean Isl. (Ikaria, Dodecanese); Turkey (Anatolia); Iran; Cyprus [I]; Lebanon; Syria; Israel; Jordania; Taiwan [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Queensland [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (California [I]); Mexico [c]

12 ADO COR FRA GIB mco por SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KRI mlt MNT NMA PEL PTL SIC SLV sma 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 27 saf 34 cyp EAI IRN ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 38 tai 50 aus 51 nzl 76 usa 79 mex

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinaster

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus abasica Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 352 (1855)

= Pinus abchasica Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 352 (1855)

= Pinus arabica Sieber ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 886 (1826)

= Pinus australis Hort.Berol. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 237 (1841)

= Pinus cairica D.Don ex Gordon; Pinetum 166 (1858)

= Pinus colchica Booth ex Gordon; Pinetum 166 (1858)

= Pinus genuensis J.Cook; Sketch. Spain 2: 236 (1834)

= Pinus halepensis var. abasica (Carrière) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 1: 507 (1867)

= Pinus halepensis var. genuensis (Cook) Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 2 (1840)

= Pinus halepensis var. maritima DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 335 (1815)

= Pinus halepensis var. minor Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 2 (1840)

= Pinus halepensis var. pendula P.P.Ferrer & R.Ferrer; Bouteloua 19: 200 (2014)

= Pinus hierosolimitana Duhamel; Traité Arbr. Arbust. [Duhamel] 2: 126 (1755), not validly publ.

= Pinus maritima Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 7 (1768)

= Pinus sylvestris Gouan; Fl. Monsp. [Gouan] 418 (1764) non L.

= Pinus tatarica K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 289 (1873)

variant :

var. ceciliae (Llorens & L.Llorens) L.Llorens; Mediterranea (Alicante) 3: 116 (1979) ex Rosselló, Cubas & N. Torres, Candollea 47(1): 67 (1992)

Name: Baleares pine

Distribution: Baleares

12 BAL

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus ceciliae Llorens & L.Llorens; Bol. Soc. Hist. Nat. Baleares 17: 51 (1972)

= Pinus halepensis subsp. ceciliae (Llorens & L.Llorens) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 22 (2009)

species :

Pinus hartwegii Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.): 62 (1839)

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras

79 MEX 80 ELS GUA HON

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Ponderosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus aculcensis Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 30 (1857)

= Pinus amecaensis Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 30 (1857)

= Pinus atrovirens Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 71 (1862)

= Pinus clamaensis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 585 (1867)

= Pinus corrugata Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 74 (1862)

= Pinus donnell-smithii Mast.; Bot. Gaz. 16: 199 (1891)

= Pinus ehrenbergii Endl.; Syn. Conif. 151 (1847)

= Pinus endlicheriana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 19 (1857)

= Pinus frondosa Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 76 (1862)

= Pinus geitneri Roezl; Pinetum, Suppl. 76 (1862)

= Pinus hartwegii subsp. donnell-smithii (Mast.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 23 (2009)

= Pinus hartwegii subsp. rudis (Endl.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 23 (2009)

= Pinus hartwegii var. rudis (Endl.) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 50 (1990)

= Pinus iztacihuatlii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 30 (1857)

= Pinus krelagi Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 78 (1862)

= Pinus longifolia Roezl ex Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 3: 187 (1882)

= Pinus lowii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 18 (1857)

= Pinus montezumae Gordon; Pinetum 232 (1858)

= Pinus montezumae subsp. hartwegii (Lindl.) Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 4: 177 (1880)

= Pinus montezumae var. hartwegii (Lindl.) Shaw; Publ. Arnold Arbor. 1: 23 (1909)

= Pinus papeleui Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 31 (1857)

= Pinus resinosa Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 30 (1857)

= Pinus robusta Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 19 (1857)

= Pinus roezlii Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 575 (1867)

= Pinus rudis Endl.; Syn. Conif. 151 (1847)

= Pinus scoparia Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 30 (1857)

= Pinus stendishii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 30 (1857)

= Pinus suffruticosa Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 84 (1862)

= Pinus tlamacaensis Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 85 (1862)

species :

Pinus heldreichii Christ; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 3: 549 (1863)

Name: Heldreich´s pine (EN), Heldreich-Kiefer (DE)

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece (mountains)

13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinaster

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus heldreichii f. vivipara Tucović & Stilinović; Naucni Skup. Srpske Akad. Nauk i Umetnosti 1: 5 (1974)

= Pinus heldreichii var. pancicii Fukarek; God. Biol. Inst. u Sarajevu 4(1): 41 (1951)

= Pinus laricio var. heldreichii (Christ) Mast.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 31: 304 (1902)

variant :

var. leucodermis (Antoine) Markgr. ex Fitschen; Handb. Nadelholzk., ed. 3: 404 (1930)

Distribution: S-Italy

13 ITA

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus heldreichii subsp. leucodermis (Antoine) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 23 (1983)

= Pinus laricio var. leucodermis (Antoine) Christ; Flora 50: 81 (1867)

= Pinus leucodermis Antoine; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 14: 366 (1864)

= Pinus nigra var. leucodermis (Antoine) Rehder; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 2641 (1916)

species :

Pinus henryi Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 550 (1890)

Distribution: China (Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus henryi subsp. averyanovii Businský; Phyton (Horn) 56(2): 139 (2016)

= Pinus massoniana subsp. wulingensis (C.J.Qi & Q.Z.Lin) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 26 (2009)

= Pinus massoniana var. henryi (Masters) C.L.Wu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 5(3): 153 (1956)

= Pinus massoniana var. wulingensis C.J.Qi & Q.Z.Lin; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 8(3): 143 (1988)

= Pinus tabuliformis subsp. henryi (Mast.) Businský; Acta Pruhon. 68: 26 (1999)

= Pinus tabuliformis var. henryi (Mast.) C.T.Kuan; Fl. Sichuan. 2: 113 (1983)

species :

Pinus herrerae Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 11: 76 (1940)

Name: Herrera´s pine

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora)

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Oocarpae

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus teocote var. herrerae (Martínez) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 63 (1990)

species :

Pinus hwangshanensis W.Y.Hsia; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 4: 155 (1936)

Name: Huang Shan pine

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, C-Guangxi, Guizhou, S-Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, SE-Yunnan, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus hwangshanensis subsp. transfluminea Businský; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125(1): 7 (2003)

= Pinus luchuensis subsp. hwangshanensis (W.Y.Hsia) D.Z.Li; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(3): 341 (1997)

= Pinus luchuensis subsp. shenkanensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 25 (2009)

= Pinus luchuensis var. hwangshanensis (W.Y.Hsia) C.L.Wu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 5(3): 158 (1956)

= Pinus luchunensis var. shenkanensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 6(1): 26 (1999)

= Pinus taiwanensis subsp. damingshanensis (C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 35 (2009)

= Pinus taiwanensis var. damingshanensis C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 85 (1975)

species :

Pinus jaliscana Pérez de la Rosa; Phytologia 54(5): 290 (1983)

Name: Jalisco pine

Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco)

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Oocarpae

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus jaliscana subsp. macvaughii (Carvajal) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 23 (2009)

= Pinus macvaughii Carvajal; Phytologia 59(2): 139 (1986)

= Pinus oocarpa var. macvaughii (Carvajal) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 57 (1990)

= Pinus patula var. jaliscana (Pérez de la Rosa) Silba; Phytologia 58(6): 368 (1985)

species :

Pinus jeffreyi Balf.; Bot. Exped. Oregon 2. cum tab., et ex A. Murray bis, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 11: 224 (1860)

Name: Jeffrey pine

Distribution: W-USA (SW-Oregon, N-California, W-Nevada); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Ponderosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus deflexa Torr.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 209 (1858)

= Pinus jeffreyana Loudon; Encycl. Pl. [Loudon], ed. 2: 1544 (1841), orth. var.

= Pinus jeffreyi subsp. baja-californica (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 24 (2009)

= Pinus jeffreyi var. baja-californica Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 52 (1990)

= Pinus jeffreyi var. deflexa (Torr.) Lemmon; Second Bienn. Rep. Calif. State Board Forest 74, 100 (1888)

= Pinus jeffreyi var. nigricans Lemmon; Second Bienn. Rep. Calif. State Board Forest 74, 100 (1888)

= Pinus ponderosa subsp. jeffreyi (Balf.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 23 (1982)

= Pinus ponderosa var. jeffreyi (Balf.) Vasey; Cat. Forest Trees U.S. 31 (1876)

species :

Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon; Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv. 16: 8 (1840)

Distribution: Cameroon [I]; China [I] (Yunnan [I]); SE-Tibet; Bhutan [I]; NE-India (Khasia Hills, Assam); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan); Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]

23 cmn 36 chi TIB 40 BAN bhu IND 41 cbd lao MYA tha vie

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus cavendishiana Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 429 (1867)

= Pinus cavendishiana Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 390 (1868)

= Pinus insularis var. khasyana (Griffiths) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 51 (1990)

= Pinus kasya Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 390 (1868)

= Pinus kasya Royle ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 390 (1868)

= Pinus kesiya subsp. szemaoensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. Revised version 16(1): 52 (51)

= Pinus khasia Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 4: 179 (1880)

= Pinus khasya Royle ex Gordon; Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv. 16: 8 (Kesuja) (1840)

= Pinus sinensis Lamb.; Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 3: t. 2 (1832)

= Pinus taeda Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 767 (1837) non L.

= Pinus timoriensis Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2269 (1838)

variant :

var. langbianensis (A.Chev.) Gaussen ex Bui; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 2: 338 (1962)

Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); Myanmar (Mandalay, Shan); Laos; Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon)

36 CHI 41 LAO MYA VIE 42 PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus insularis Endl.; Syn. Conif. 157 (1847)

= Pinus insularis var. langbianensis (A.Chev.) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 51 (1990)

= Pinus kesiya subsp. insularis (Endl.) D.Z.Li; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(3): 346 (1997)

= Pinus kesiya subsp. langbianensis (A.Chev.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 24 (2009)

= Pinus khasyana Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 18 (1854)

= Pinus langbianensis A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 24: 25 (1944)

species :

Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 28, t. 116 (1842)

Name: Korean cedar (EN), Korea-Kiefer (DE)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin); North Korea; South Korea; C-Japan; Taiwan [I]

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO tai

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Apinus koraiensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 125 (1952)

= Pinus cembra var. excelsa Maxim. ex Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 15: 141 (1857)

= Pinus cembra var. mandschurica (Rupr.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 390 (1867)

= Pinus koraiensis subsp. prokoraiensis (Y.T.Zhao, J.M.Lu & A.G.Gu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 24 (2009)

= Pinus mandshurica Rupr.; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 15: 382 (1857)

= Pinus prokoraiensis Y.T.Zhao, J.M.Lu & A.G.Gu; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 10(4): 69 (1990)

= Strobus koraiensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Moldenke; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 30 (1939)

species :

Pinus krempfii Lecomte; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 191 (1921)

Name: Krempf´s pine

Distribution: S-Vietnam

41 VIE

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Ducampopinus krempfii (Lecomte) A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 24: 31 (1944)

= Pinus krempfii var. poilanei Lecomte; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 20: 325 (1924)

species :

Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang; Sunyatsenia 7: 113 (1948)

Distribution: China (NE-Guangxi, S-Hunan, N-Guangdong)

36 CHI

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus fenzeliana subsp. kwangtungensis (Chun ex Tsiang) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 21 (2009)

= Pinus wangii var. kwangtungensis (Chun ex Tsiang) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 64 (1990)

= Pinus parviflora var. kwangtungensis (Chun ex Tsiang) Eckenw.; Conifers World 647 (2009)

= Pinus wangii subsp. kwangtungensis (Chun ex Tsiang) Businský; Acta Pruhon. 68: 11 (1999)

species :

Pinus lambertiana Douglas; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 15: 500 (1827)

Name: Sugar pine

Distribution: W-USA (S-Oregon, W-Nevada, S-California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus lambertiana Douglas ex Taylor & Philips; Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 2: 449 (1827)

= Pinus lambertiana subsp. martirensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 24 (2009)

= Pinus lambertiana var. brevifolia Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 2: 162 (1838)

= Pinus lambertiana var. martirensis Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 52 (1990)

= Pinus lambertiana var. minor Lemmon; Second Bienn. Rep. Calif. State Board Forest 70 (1888)

= Strobus lambertiana (Douglas) Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 128 (1952)

species :

Pinus latteri Mason; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 1: 74 (1849)

Name: Tenasserim pine

Distribution: China (Hainan [I], SW-Guangdong, S-Guangxi); Taiwan [I]; Myanmar (Kayah, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Borneo

36 CHI 38 tai 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinaster. Includes the mainland Asian populations of "P. merkusii"

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus ikedae Y.Yamam.; Contr. Fl. Kainan. 1: 20, t. 1 (1943)

= Pinus latteri subsp. tonkinensis (A.Chev.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 25 (2009)

= Pinus merkusiana Cooling & Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 1, sect. 8: Art. VII. 5 (1970), designat. typi omissa

= Pinus merkusii subsp. latteri (Mason) D.Z.Li; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(3): 346 (1997)

= Pinus merkusii var. latteri (Mason) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 53 (1990)

= Pinus merkusii var. tonkinensis (A.Chev.) Gaussen ex Bui; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 2: 336 (1962)

= Pinus tonkinensis A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 24: 29 (1944)

species :

Pinus lawsonii Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 64 (1862)

Name: Lawson´s pine

Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Oocarpae

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus lawsonii var. gracilis Debreczy & I.Rácz; Phytologia 78(4): 238 (1995)

= Pinus lawsonii subsp. gracilis (Debreczy & I.Rácz) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 25 (2009)

species :

Pinus leiophylla Schltdl. & Cham.; Linnaea 6(2): 354 (1831)

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Leiophyllae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus cedrus Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 23 (1857)

= Pinus comonfortii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 22 (1857)

= Pinus comonfortii var. gracilis (Roezl) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 2: 565 (1867)

= Pinus comonfortii var. lerdoi (Roezl) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 2: 567 (1867)

= Pinus comonfortii var. monte-alleggri (Roezl) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 2: 566 (1867)

= Pinus decandolleana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 22 (1857)

= Pinus decandolleana var. dependens (Roezl) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 2: 569 (1867)

= Pinus decandolleana var. ehrenbergii (Endl.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 2: 570 (1867)

= Pinus decandolleana var. verrucosa (Roezl) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 2: 570 (1867)

= Pinus dependens Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 23 (1857)

= Pinus ehrenbergii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 21 (1857)

= Pinus gracilis Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 21 (1857)

= Pinus huisquilucaensis Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 22 (1857)

= Pinus lerdoi Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 23 (1857)

= Pinus lumholtzii var. microphylla Carvajal; Phytologia 59(2): 135 (1986)

= Pinus monti-alleggri Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 22 (1857)

= Pinus ocotechino Roezl ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 401 (1868)

= Pinus verrucosa Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 22 (1857)

variant :

var. chihuahuana (Engelm.) Shaw; Publ. Arnold Arbor. 14, pl. 7 (1909)

Name: Chihuahuan pine

Distribution: SW-USA (SE-Arizona, SW-New Mexico); Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sonora, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus leiophylla subsp. chihuahuana (Engelm.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 23 (1982)

= Pinus chihuahuana Engelm.; Mem. Tour N. Mexico [Wislizenus] 103 (1848)

species :

Pinus longaeva D.K.Bailey; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57(2): 243 (1971)

Name: Great Basin bristlecone pine

Distribution: W-USA (E-California, Nevada, Utah)

76 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Parrya

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus aristata subsp. longaeva (D.K.Bailey) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 21 (1983)

= Pinus aristata var. longaeva (D.K.Bailey) Little; Phytologia 42(3): 221 (1979)

= Pinus balfouriana subsp. longaeva (D.K.Bailey) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 23 (1982)

species :

Pinus luchuensis Mayr; Bot. Centralbl. 58: 149 (1894), Fremdl. Wald-u. Parkbaume Eur. 344

Name: Luchu pine, Okinawa pine

Distribution: Ryukyu Isl. (Sakishima-shoto, Okinawa-shoto, Amami-shoto, Tokara-shoto); Bonin Isl. [I] (Chichijima Isl. [I]); Guam [I]

38 NNS oga 62 gum

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Conservation Status: IUCN R

species :

Pinus lumholtzii B.L.Rob. & Fernald; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 30: 122 (1895)

Name: Lumholtz´s pine

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Queretaro, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Leiophyllae

Conservation Status: IUCN R

species :

Pinus luzmariae Pérez de la Rosa; Bol. Inst. Bot. Univ. Guadalajara 5(1-3): 127 (1998), nom. nov.

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Zacatecas); Honduras

79 MEX 80 HON

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus oocarpa var. trifoliata Martínez; Pinos Mexic., ed. 2: 308 (1948)

species :

Pinus maghrebiana (Villar) Rivas Mart., Molero Mesa, Marfíl & G.Benítez; Naturalia Cantabricae 8(Especial): 120 (2020)

Distribution: Morocco (Atlas)

20 MOR

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinaster

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus pinaster var. maghrebiana Villar; Types Sol Afr. Nord 1: 84 (1947)

species :

Pinus massoniana D.Don; Descr. Pinus [Lambert] 16, t. 8 (1803)

Name: Masson´s pine, Chinese red pine

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, W-Henan, Hubei, Hunan, S-Jiangsu, Jiangxi, SE-Shaanxi, Sichuan, E-Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan

36 CHI 38 TAI

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinea massoniana (D.Don) Opiz; Oekon. Neuigk. Verh. 1838: 526 (1839)

= Pinus crassicorticea Y.C.Zhong & H.X.Huang; Guihaia 10(4): 287 (1990)

= Pinus massoniana var. planiceps A.Murray bis ex Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 551 (1890)

= Pinus massoniana var. shaxianensis D.X.Zhou; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 11(3): 41 (1991)

= Pinus rubra Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 166 (1867)

= Pinus sylvestris Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 579 (1790) non L.

variant :

var. hainanensis C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 85 (1975)

Distribution: China (Hainan)

36 CHI

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus massoniana subsp. hainanensis (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 26 (2009)

species :

Pinus maximartinezii Rzed.; Ciencia (Mexico) 23: 17 (1964)

Name: Martínez pinyon

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Jalisco, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Parrya

Conservation Status: IUCN E

species :

Pinus maximinoi H.E.Moore; Baileya 14: 8 (1966), nom. cons.

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tlaxcala, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua

79 MEX 80 GUA HON NIC

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Ponderosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus douglasiana var. maximinoi (H.E.Moore) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 50 (1990)

= Pinus escandoniana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 24 (1857)

= Pinus hoseriana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 24 (1857)

= Pinus tenuifolia Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 92 (1842) non Salib. (1796)

= Pinus tzompoliana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 24 (1857)

species :

Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese; Pl. Nov. Ind. Bat. 5, t. 2 (1845)

Name: Merkus´s pine, Mindoro pine

Distribution: N-Sumatra; ?Borneo; ?Sulawesi; Philippines (Mindoro, Luzon)

42 PHI SUM

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinaster. Mainland Asian populations belong to P. latteri

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus finlaysoniana Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6062 (1831), nomen, ex Blume, Rumphia 3: 210 (1847), nom. illeg.

= Pinus merkiana Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 448 (1875) (Index)

= Pinus sumatrana Mirb.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 13: 69 (1825)

= Pinus merkusii subsp. ustulata Businský; Acta Pruhon. 88: 7 (fig. 28 C-D & photos 20, 35-36 (2008)

= Pinus ustulata (Businský) Businský; Phyton (Horn) 54(1): 6 (2014)

species :

Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frém.; Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts. [Frémont] 319, t. 4. 319 t. 4 (1845)

Name: Singleleaf Pinyon pine

Distribution: USA (Idaho, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Parrya

Synonyms: hidden

= Caryopitys monophylla (Torr. & Frém.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 597 (1905)

= Pinus californianum D.K.Bailey; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44(2): 278 (1987)

= Pinus californiarum subsp. fallax (Little) D.K.Bailey; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44(2): 279 (1987)

= Pinus cembroides subsp. monophylla (Torr. & Frem.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 22 (1982)

= Pinus cembroides var. monophylla (Torr. & Frém.) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1907: 95 (1908)

= Pinus edulis var. fallax Little; Phytologia 17: 331 (1968)

= Pinus edulis var. monophylla (Torr. & Frém.) Torr.; Rep. Colorado R. [Ives] 4(Bot.): 28 (1860)

= Pinus fremontiana Endl.; Syn. Conif. 183 (1847)

= Pinus monophylla subsp. californiarum (D.K.Bailey) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 26 (2009)

= Pinus monophylla subsp. fallax (Little) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 27 (2009)

= Pinus monophylla var. californiarum (Bailey) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 54 (1990)

= Pinus monophylla var. fallax (Little) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 54 (1990)

= Pinus ×fallax (Little) Businský; Acta Pruhon. 88: 11 (2008)

species :

Pinus montezumae Lamb.; Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 3, 2: 149, t. 64 (1832)

Name: Montezuma pine (EN)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Bolivia [c]

79 MEX 80 GUA 83 bol

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Ponderosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus aztecaensis Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 26 (1857)

= Pinus backhousiana Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 72 (1862)

= Pinus boothiana Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 72 (1862)

= Pinus bothiana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 12 (1857)

= Pinus boucheiana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 12 (1857)

= Pinus bullata Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 16 (1857)

= Pinus carrierei Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 18 (1857)

= Pinus chalmaensis Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 73 (1862)

= Pinus coarctata Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 16 (1857)

= Pinus cornea Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 74 (1862)

= Pinus decaincana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 19 (1857)

= Pinus depauperata Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 74 (1862)

= Pinus doelleriana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 14 (1857)

= Pinus elegans Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 12 (1857)

= Pinus grandis Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 11 (1857)

= Pinus grandis var. carrierei (Roezl) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 2: 533 (1867)

= Pinus grenvilleae Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 2: 77 (1847)

= Pinus haageana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 15 (1857)

= Pinus hendersonii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 15 (1857)

= Pinus horizontalis Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 17 (1857)

= Pinus inflexus Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 19 (1857)

= Pinus keteleerii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 13 (1857)

= Pinus leroyi Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 79 (1862)

= Pinus lindleyana Loudon ex Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 215 (1850)

= Pinus macrophylla Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.): 63 (1839)

= Pinus magnifica Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 28 (1857)

= Pinus michoacaensis Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 26 (1857)

= Pinus monstrosa Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 11 (1857)

= Pinus montezuma var. mezambrana Carvajal; Phytologia 59(2): 138 (1986)

= Pinus montezumae f. macrocarpa Martínez; Pinos Mexic., ed. 2: 219 (1948)

= Pinus montezumae subsp. lindleyi (Loudon) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 27 (2009)

= Pinus montezumae subsp. macrocarpa (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 38 (2009) nom. inval. with incorrect basionym ref.

= Pinus montezumae subsp. mezambrana (Carvajal) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 27 (2009)

= Pinus montezumae var. lindleyi Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 1004 (1842)

= Pinus ne-plus-ultra Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 80 (1862)

= Pinus nesselrodiana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 16 (1857)

= Pinus nitida Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 29 (1857)

= Pinus northumberlandiana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 13 (1857)

= Pinus ocampii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 28 (1857)

= Pinus occidentalis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 4 (1817)

= Pinus ocote Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 81 (1862)

= Pinus ortgiesiana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 25 (1857)

= Pinus pawlikowskiana Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 81 (1862)

= Pinus paxtoni Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 14 (1857)

= Pinus planchonii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 18 (1857)

= Pinus pseudostrobus Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 237 (1858) non Lindl. (1839)

= Pinus retracta Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 82 (1862)

= Pinus richardiana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 18 (1857)

= Pinus rinzii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 25 (1857)

= Pinus rubescens Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 17 (1857)

= Pinus rumeliana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 12 (1857)

= Pinus russelliana Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.): 68 (1839)

= Pinus san-rafaeliana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 13 (1857)

= Pinus soulangeana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 11 (1857)

= Pinus spinosa Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 12 (1857)

= Pinus tenangaensis Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 10 (1857)

= Pinus thibaudiana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 15 (1857)

= Pinus thilemannii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 16 (1857)

= Pinus tomacocaensis Roezl; Pinetum, Suppl. 85 (1862)

= Pinus troubezkoiana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 11 (1857)

= Pinus valida Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 16 (1857)

= Pinus van-geertii Roezl.; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 13 (1857)

= Pinus van-houttei Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 14 (1857)

= Pinus verschaffeltii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 29 (1857)

= Pinus wilsonii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 19 (1857)

= Pinus zacatlanae Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 26 (1857)

= Pinus zitacuaria Gordon; Pinetum 267 (1858)

= Pinus zitacuarii Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 29 (1857)

species :

Pinus monticola Douglas ex D.Don; Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 3, 2: 149, t. 87 (1832)

Name: Western white pine

Distribution: New Zealand [I]; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State)

51 nzl 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus grozelierii Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 40: 126 (1869)

= Pinus monticola var. digitata Lemmon; Handb. W. Amer. Cone-bearers ed. 3: 22 (1895)

= Pinus monticola var. minima Lemmon; Second Bienn. Rep. Calif. State Board Forest 70 (1888)

= Pinus nivea Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 401 (1867)

= Pinus porphyrocarpa A.Murray bis; Pinet. Brit. 1: 83 (1867)

= Pinus strobus subsp. monticola (D.Don) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 23 (1982)

= Pinus strobus var. monticola (Douglas ex D.Don) Nutt.; N. Amer. Sylv. 2: 118 (1849)

= Strobus monticola (Douglas ex D.Don) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 13 (1917)

species :

Pinus morrisonicola Hayata; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 43: 194 (1908)

Name: Taiwan white pine

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus formosana Hayata; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 297 (1908), et in J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25: Art. 19, 217

= Pinus parviflora var. morrisonicola (Hayata) C.L.Wu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 5(3): 141 (1956)

= Pinus uyematsui Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 192 (1913)

species :

Pinus mugo Turra; Giorn. Italia Sci. Nat. 1: 152 (1765)

subspecies :

subsp. mugo

Name: Krummholz-Kiefer, Berg-Kiefer (DE), Dwarf mountain pine, Mugo pine (EN)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Outer Hebrides [I], Orkney Isl. [I], Isle of Man [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Niedersachsen [I], Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland [I]); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; ?N-Greece; European Russia [I]; New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], New Hampshire [I], Wisconsin [I])

10 den grb ire 11 AUT CZE GER POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 rus 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus echinata Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 370 (1855)

= Pinus fischeri Booth ex Lodd.; Cat. Pl. [Loddiges] ed. (1836), nomen

= Pinus laricio var. magellensis Endl.; Syn. Conif. 179 (1847)

= Pinus magellensis Schouw; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 3: 233 (1845)

= Pinus montana Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no 5 (1768)

= Pinus montana proles mughus (Scop.) M.Goldschm.; Verh. Phys.-Med. Ges. Würzburg, N. F. 34: 350 (1902)

= Pinus montana subsp. mughus (Scop.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 1: 228 (1897)

= Pinus montana subsp. mughus (Scop.) Gremli; Excursionsfl. Schweiz, ed. 2: 437 (1874)

= Pinus montana subsp. mughus (Scop.) Willk.; Forstl. Fl. Deutschl. Oesterr. 177 (1872)

= Pinus montana subsp. pumilio (Clus. ex Haenke) Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 1(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 1): 18 (1867)

= Pinus montana var. arborea Tubeuf; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 21: 143 (1912)

= Pinus montana var. caucasica Medw.; Derev. Kustarnik. Severn. Kavkaza, ed. 2: 11 (1905)

= Pinus montana var. frutescens-erecta Tubeuf; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 21: 143 (1912)

= Pinus montana var. glauca Schröt.; Biblioth. Universelle Rev. Suisse, Sér. 3, 14: 280 (1885)

= Pinus montana var. humilior Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 366 (1913)

= Pinus montana var. mugho (Poir.) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 11: 380 (1841)

= Pinus montana var. mughus (Scop.) Gremli; Excursionsfl. Schweiz, ed. 4: 453 (1881)

= Pinus montana var. mughus (Scop.) Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 475 (1879)

= Pinus montana var. plana Christ; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 23: 232 (1865)

= Pinus montana var. prostrata Tubeuf; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 21: 143 (1912)

= Pinus montana var. pumilio (Clus. ex Haenke) Heer; Verh. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. 46: 187 (1862)

= Pinus montana var. pumilio (Haenke) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 11: 380 (1841)

= Pinus montana var. pyramidalis Schröt.; Biblioth. Universelle Rev. Suisse, Sér. 3, 14: 280 (1885)

= Pinus mughus Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 247 (1772), sphalm.

= Pinus mughus var. bicolor Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234 (1861)

= Pinus mughus var. brevispina Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234 (1861)

= Pinus mughus var. decumbens Grab.; Fl. Ober-Schlesien [Grabowski] 266 (1843)

= Pinus mughus var. depressa Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234 (1861)

= Pinus mughus var. erecta Grab.; Fl. Ober-Schlesien [Grabowski] 256 (1843)

= Pinus mughus var. impressa Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234 (1861)

= Pinus mughus var. laeta Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234 (1861)

= Pinus mughus var. leptoclada Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234 (1861)

= Pinus mughus var. longispina Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234 (1861)

= Pinus mughus var. lutescens Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234 (1861)

= Pinus mughus var. macroptera Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234 (1861)

= Pinus mughus var. obliqua (Saut.) C.F.M.Elsner; Syn. Fl. Cervimont. 23 (1839)

= Pinus mughus var. pumilio (Haenke) K.Koch; Flora 23: 669 (1840)

= Pinus mughus var. rufa Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234 (1861)

= Pinus mugo f. applanata (Willk.) K.I.Chr.; Nordic J. Bot. 7(4): 392 (1987)

= Pinus mugo subsp. mughus (Scop.) Domin; Preslia 13-15: 13 (1935)

= Pinus mugo subsp. mughus (Scop.) Janch. & H.Neumayer; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 91(4): 214 (1942)

= Pinus mugo subsp. mughus (Scop.) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 86 (1949)

= Pinus mugo subsp. pumilio (Haenke) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 23 (1983)

= Pinus mugo subsp. pumilio (Haenke) Franco; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67: 2 (1983), isonym

= Pinus mugo var. mughus (Scop.) Zenari; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1921: 65 (1921)

= Pinus obliqua Saut.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 159 (1831)

= Pinus pumilio Clus. ex Haenke; Beobacht. Reis. Riesengeb. [Jirasek et al.] 68 (1791)

= Pinus pumilio var. applanata Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 226 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. atrata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. cinnamomea Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. echinata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 226 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. ferruginea Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. fischeri Booth ex Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2186 (1838)

= Pinus pumilio var. fursa Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. gibba Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 226 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. incurva Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. limbata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. marginata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. mugho (Poir.) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2187 (1838)

= Pinus pumilio var. nasuta Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 5: 553 (1890)

= Pinus pumilio var. nitida Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. oblongata Ten.; Fl. Napol. 5: 268 (1836)

= Pinus pumilio var. phaeoptera Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. pura Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. repressa Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. revoluta Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. rotundata (Link) Ten.; Fl. Napol. 5: 268 (1836)

= Pinus pumilio var. rubriflora Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2186 (1838)

= Pinus pumilio var. striata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. torfacea Babey; Fl. Jurass. [Babey] 3: 461 (1845)

= Pinus pumilio var. turbinata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. uncinata (Ramond ex DC.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 1: 477 (1867)

= Pinus pumilio var. variabilis Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 224 (1861)

= Pinus pumilio var. virens Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225 (1861)

= Pinus pyramidalis Reum ex Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 1: 13 (1841)

= Pinus rubraeflora Loudon ex Gordon; Pinetum 172 (1858)

= Pinus sanguinea Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 587 (1813)

= Pinus squamosa Bosc; Nouv. Cours Compl. Agric. [Rozier], ed. 2: 479 (1821), ex Loudon, Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2292 (1838)

= Pinus subarctica Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 946 (Index) (1866)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. montana (Mill.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg 622 (1834)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. pumilio (Haenke) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 372 (1894)

= Pinus sylvestris var. montana (Mill.) Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 366 (1789)

= Pinus sylvestris var. mugho Chaix ex Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3: 805 (1789)

= Pinus sylvestris var. mughus (Scop.) Merrem; Handb. Pflanzenk. [Merrem] 439 (1809)

= Pinus sylvestris var. pumilio (Haenke) Merrem; Handb. Pflanzenk. [Merrem] 439 (1809)

subspecies :

subsp. rotundata (Link) Janch. & H.Neumayer; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 91: 214 (1942)

Name: Moor-Kiefer (DE)

Distribution: Germany; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; France; N-Italy; Ukraine

11 AUT CZE GER LIE POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA 14 UKR

Remarks: There is complete disagreement in the relationship between this taxon and P. uncinata, whether they are identical or two species

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus humilis Link; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1827: 170 (1830)

= Pinus montana subsp. rotundata (Link) Bertsch & F.Bertsch; Fl. Württemberg Hohenzollern [Bertsch], ed. 2: 40 (1948)

= Pinus montana var. humilis (Link) Heer; Verh. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. 46: 186 (1862)

= Pinus montana var. pseudopumilio (Willk.) Bertsch; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 9 (1906)

= Pinus montana var. rotundata (Link) Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 12 (1840)

= Pinus montana var. rotundata (Link) Bertsch; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 9 (1906), isonym

= Pinus montana var. rotundata (Link) Willk.; Forstl. Fl. Deutschl. Oesterr. 174 (1872), isonym

= Pinus montana var. uliginosa (G.E.Neumann) Heer; Verh. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. 46: 185 (1862)

= Pinus mughoides E.H.L.Krause; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 32(2): 330 (1914)

= Pinus mughus var. rotundata (Link) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 880 (1864)

= Pinus mughus var. uliginosa (G.E.Neumann) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 767 (1844)

= Pinus mugo subsp. pseudopumilio (Willk.) Holubickova; Preslia 37: 286 (1965)

= Pinus mugo subsp. rotundata (Link) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 15: 27 (1985)

= Pinus mugo subsp. uliginosa (G.E.Neumann) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1(1): 86 (1949)

= Pinus mugo subsp. uliginosa G.E.Neumann ex Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 17(1): 1 (-2) (2010)

= Pinus obliqua var. centrapedunculata Woerl.; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 3: 9 (1885)

= Pinus pseudopumilio (Willk.) Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 5 (1890)

= Pinus pumilio var. uliginosa (G.E.Neumann) Ratzeb.; Forstnaturwiss. Reisen Deutschl. 298 (1842)

= Pinus rotundata Link; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1827: 168 (1827)

= Pinus rotundata var. pseudopumilio (Willk.) H.Neumayer in Janch. & H.Neumayer; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 91(4): 214 (1942)

= Pinus sylvestris var. rotundata (Link) Link; Linnaea 15: 486 (1842)

= Pinus sylvestris var. uliginosa (G.E.Neumann) Link; Linnaea 15: 488 (1842)

= Pinus uliginosa G.E.Neumann ex Wimm.; Übers. Arbeiten Veränd. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1837: 96 (1838)

= Pinus uliginosa subsp. rotundata (Link) Murr; Neue Übers. Bl.-Pfl. Vorarlberg Liechtenstein 1: 17 (1923)

= Pinus uncinata var. rotundata (Link) Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 12 (1840)

subspecies :

subsp. uncinata (Ramond ex DC.) Domin; Preslia 13-15: 13 (1935)

Name: Moor-Kiefer, Rundzapfige Kiefer (DE); Mountain pine (EN)

Distribution: Switzerland; Liechtenstein; W-Austria; Slovakia; Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; New Zealand [I]

11 AUT LIE SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ITA 51 nzl

Remarks: There is complete disagreement in the relationship between this taxon and P. mugo ssp. rotundata, whether they are identical or two species. True P. uncinata seems to be missing in Germany

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus montana subsp. uncinata (Ramond ex DC.) Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 1(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 1): 16 (1867)

= Pinus montana var. uncinata (Ramond ex DC.) Heer; Verh. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. 46: 184 (1862)

= Pinus mughus var. uncinata (Ramond ex DC.) K.Koch; Flora 23: 670 (1840)

= Pinus mugo f. mughoides (Willk.) K.I.Chr.; Nordic J. Bot. 7(4): 393 (1987)

= Pinus mugo subsp. rostrata (Antoine) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 23 (1983)

= Pinus uncinata Ramond ex DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 3: 726 (1805)

= Pinus mugo var. arborea (Tubeuf) Hyl.; Bot. Not. 1953(3): 352 (1953)

= Pinus mugo var. compacta D.Hill; Hill´s Evergreens, ed. 1924: 30 (1924)

= Pinus mugo var. nana Loudon ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 173 (1858)

= Pinus mugo var. rostrata (Antoine) Hoopes; Book Evergr. 91 (1868)

= Pinus mugo var. uncinata (Ramond ex DC.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 50 (1923)

= Pinus rostrata K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 280 (1873)

= Pinus uncinata f. mughoides Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 14 (n. s., 7): 212, fig. 1-10 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata subsp. uliginosa (G.E.Neumann ex Wimm.) Businský; Phyton (Horn) 46(1): 132 (2008)

= Pinus uncinata Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 339 (1841), nom. illeg.

= Pinus uncinata var. ancestralis Businský; Acta Pruhon. 88: 7 (2008)

= Pinus uncinata var. applanata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 201 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. brunnea Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 201 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. callosperma Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 202 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. capuzina Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 202 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. carinata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 202 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. castanea Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 200 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. cincta Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 201 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. cinerascens Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 200 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. concolor Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 200 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. discolor Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 200 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. elongata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 200 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. gracilis Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 201 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. irregularis Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 202 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. leucosperma Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 200 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. macroptera Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 201 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. melanocincta Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 201 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. microcarpa Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 201 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. microptera Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 201 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. miniata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 202 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. mughoides (Willk.) F.Benoît; Bull. Mycol. Bot. Dauphiné-Savoie 236: 29 (2020)

= Pinus uncinata var. multicolor Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 201 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. obscurata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 201 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. opaca Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 201 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. ovata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 202 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. pallida Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 202 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. pelosperma Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 200 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. pendula Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 200 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. planata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 201 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. pseudopumilio Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 218 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. pumilio (Haenke) Mathieu; Fl. Forest., ed. 2: 393 (1860)

= Pinus uncinata var. pyramidata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 202 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. radiata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 201 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. rufescens Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 201 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. sanguinolenta Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 202 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. solaris Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 200 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. tricolor Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 202 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. turgescens Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 202 (1861)

= Pinus uncinata var. zonata Hartig ex Willk.; Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 202 (1861)

species :

Pinus muricata D.Don; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 441 (1837)

Name: Bishop pine

Distribution: New Zealand [I]; SW-USA (W-California, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Rosa Isl.); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Cedros Isl.)

51 nzl 76 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Oocarpae

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus edgariana Hartw.; J. Hort. Soc. London 3: 217 (1848)

= Pinus muricata subsp. anthonyi (Lemmon) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 23 (1983)

= Pinus muricata var. anthonyi Lemmon; Cone-bear. Trees Pacif. Slope, ed. 3: 43 (1892)

= Pinus muricata subsp. borealis Axelrod ex Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 9 (2009)

= Pinus muricata var. borealis Axelrod ex Farjon; Regnum Veg. 128: 136 (1993)

= Pinus muricata subsp. stantonii Axelrod ex Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 10 (2009)

= Pinus muricata var. stantonii Axelrod ex Farjon; Regnum Veg. 128: 136 (1993)

species :

Pinus nelsonii Shaw; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 36: 122 (1904), as ´nelsoni´

Name: Nelson Pinyon pine

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas)

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Parrya

Conservation Status: IUCN R

species :

Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold; Reise Mariazell Steyerm. 8 & tab. (1785)

subspecies :

subsp. nigra

Name: European black pine, Austrian pine (EN), Schwarzkiefer (DE)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Outer Hebrides [I], Isle of Man [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Sweden [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary [I]; France; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Jersey [I], Guernsey [I]); Corsica; Italy; Sicily; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Belarus [I]; Crimea; Turkey (Anatolia); Cyprus; China [I]; Taiwan [I]; New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Illinois [I], Massachusetts [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I])

10 den grb ire swe 11 AUT bgm CZE ger hun lux net SLO swi 12 cis COR FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV sma SRB TUE 14 blr KRY 34 CYP TUR 36 chi 38 tai 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Synonyms: hidden

= Abies romania Loudon ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 1 (1840)

= Pinus alepensis Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 5: 338 (1804)

= Pinus altissima Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 385 (1855)

= Pinus austriaca Höss; Flora 11: 32 (1828)

= Pinus cebenensis Gordon; Pinetum 168 (1858)

= Pinus corsicana Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2001 (1838)

= Pinus halepensis M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 408 (1808) non Mill.

= Pinus italica Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 7: 192 (1943)

= Pinus karamana Mast.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 21: 480 (1884)

= Pinus laricio f. austriaca (Höss) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 881 (1864)

= Pinus laricio subsp. austriaca (Höss) Endl.; Syn. Conif. 179 (1847)

= Pinus laricio subsp. nigra (J.F.Arnold) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 2 (1890), nom. illeg.

= Pinus laricio subsp. nigricans (Host) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 636 (1882)

= Pinus laricio subsp. pachyphylla (Christ) Wulff; Fl. Kryma [Wulff] 1(1): 36 (1927)

= Pinus laricio subsp. poiretiana (Antoine) Endl.; Syn. Conif. 178 (1847)

= Pinus laricio var. austriaca (Höss) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2201 (1838)

= Pinus laricio var. cebennensis Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 153 (1855)

= Pinus laricio var. humilior Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 366 (1913)

= Pinus laricio var. moseri J.J.Moser; J. Soc. Natl. Hort. France, Sér. 4, 1: 53 (1900)

= Pinus laricio var. nigra (J.F.Arnold) Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 4: 181 (1880)

= Pinus laricio var. nigrescens (Host) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 387 (1868)

= Pinus laricio var. nigricans (Host) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 387 (1868)

= Pinus laricio var. pendula Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 386 (1855)

= Pinus laricio var. pindica (Formánek) Mast.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 31: 302 (1902)

= Pinus laricio var. poiretiana Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 4 (1840)

= Pinus laricio var. prostrata Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 12: 26 (1903)

= Pinus laricio var. pygmaea Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 385 (1855)

= Pinus laricio var. pyramidata Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 385 (1855)

= Pinus laricio var. taurica Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2202 (1838)

= Pinus laricio var. tenuifolia Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 387 (1868)

= Pinus maritima W.T.Aiton; Hort. Kew., ed. 2 [W.T.Aiton] 5: 315 (1813)

= Pinus nigra f. austriaca (Höss) Palib.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 18(2): 7 (1928)

= Pinus nigra f. leucodermoides Fukarek & M.Nikolić; Naucni Skup. Od. Prír.-Mat. Nauka 1(1): 27 (1974) (without type)

= Pinus nigra Link; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1827: 173 (1830)

= Pinus nigra subsp. austriaca (Höss) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 28 (1914)

= Pinus nigra subsp. croatica Lovrić; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119(4-5): 569 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Pinus nigra subsp. gocensis (Georgev.) Vidaković

= Pinus nigra var. austriaca (Höss) Badoux; Beaux Arbres Vaud 52 (1910)

= Pinus nigra var. gocensis Georgev.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 80: 336 (1931)

= Pinus nigra var. illyrica Vidaković

= Pinus nigra var. maritima (Aiton) Melville; Kew Bull. 13: 534 (1958 publ. 1959)

= Pinus nigrescens Ten.; Fl. Napol. 5: 366 (1836)

= Pinus nigricans Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 628 (1831)

= Pinus nigricans subsp. nigra (J.F.Arnold) Cif. & Giacom.; Nomenclator Fl. Ital. 1: 6 (1950)

= Pinus paroliniana Webb ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 391 (1855)

= Pinus parolinii Vis.; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 6: 243 (1856)

= Pinus pinaster Besser; Prim. Fl. Galiciae Austriac. 2: 294 (1809)

= Pinus poiretiana Gordon; Pinetum 168 (1858)

= Pinus pyramidalis Gordon; Pinetum 168 (1858)

= Pinus romana Hort. ex Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2201 (1838)

= Pinus romania Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 338 (1841)

= Pinus romeniaca Cels; Cat. Arbor. Pl. 28 (1817), nomen

= Pinus sylvestris Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 2: 304 (1816) non L.

= Pinus tatarica Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 389 (1855)

subspecies :

subsp. dalmatica (Vis.) Franco; Dendrol. Florest. 55 (1943)

Distribution: Croatia; Montenegro

13 CRO MNT

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus dalmatica Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 1: 199 (1842)

= Pinus nigra var. dalmatica (Vis.) Businský; Acta Pruhon. 88: 11 (2008)

subspecies :

subsp. laricio Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 19: 66 (1928)

Distribution: France [I]; Channel Isl. [c]; Corsica; Italy (S-Apennines, Calabria); Sicily; New Zealand [I]

12 cis COR fra 13 ITA SIC 51 nzl

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus calabrica Gordon; Pinetum 168 (1858)

= Pinus laricio Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 5: 339 (1804) (non Savi, Fl. Pisana 2: 353 (1798))

= Pinus laricio subsp. calabrica (Loudon) Cesca & Peruzzi; Caryologia 55(1): 24 (2002)

= Pinus laricio var. calabrica Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2201 (1838)

= Pinus laricio var. corsica Mouill.; Traité Arbr. Arbriss. 2: 1301 (1898)

= Pinus laricio var. corsicana Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2201 (1838)

= Pinus nigra subsp. calabrica (Loudon) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 23 (1983)

subspecies :

subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe; Bergens Mus. Skr., n. s., 1(2): 29 (1914)

Name: Crimean pine

Distribution: European Turkey; Greece; European Russia (S-European Russia); Crimea; Uzbekistan [I]; Northern Caucasus; East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey (W-Anatolia); Cyprus

13 GRC TUE 14 KRY RUS 32 uzb 33 NCS 34 CYP EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus caramanica Bosc; Nouv. Cours Compl. Agric. [Rozier] 10: 92 (1809)

= Pinus fenzleyi Antoine & Kotschy ex Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris), Sér. 4, 13: 259 (1864)

= Pinus fenzlii Antoine & Kotschy ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 496 (1867)

= Pinus laricio subsp. leptophylla (H.Christ) Wulff; Fl. Kryma [Wulff] 1(1): 36 (1927)

= Pinus laricio subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 3 (1890)

= Pinus laricio var. caramanica (Bosc) Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 957 (1842)

= Pinus laricio var. leptophylla Christ; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 23: 230 (1865)

= Pinus laricio var. pallasiana (Lamb.) Endl.; Syn. Conif. 179 (1847)

= Pinus nigra f. seneriana (Saatçioglu) Kandemir & Mataracı; Resimli Türkiye Florasi (Ill. Fl. Turkey) 2: 350 (2018)

= Pinus nigra subsp. caramanica (Loudon) Businský; Acta Pruhon. 68: 22 (1999)

= Pinus nigra subsp. fenzleyi (Antoine & Kotschy ex Carrière) Franco; Dendrol. Florest. 55 (1943)

= Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (D.Don) Holmboe; Bergens Mus. Skr., n. s. 1(2): 29 (1914)

= Pinus nigra var. columnaris-pendula Boydak; Istanbul Üniv. Orman Fak. Derg., A 39(1): 122 (1989 publ. 1991) (without type), et Karaca Arbor. Mag. 6(1): 17 (2001)

= Pinus nigra var. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 1: 214 (1897)

= Pinus nigra var. seneriana Saatçioglu; Z. Weltforstw. 18(1): 6 (1955)

= Pinus nigra var. yaltirikiana Alptekin; Istanbul Üniv. Orman Fak. Derg., A 36(2): 147 (1986 publ. 1987)

= Pinus pallasiana Lamb.; Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 1, 2: 2 (1824)

= Pinus pallasiana subsp. caramanica (Loudon) Chrtek & B.Slavík; Fl. Medit. 10: 236 (2000)

= Pinus pontica K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 297 (1849)

= Pinus taurica (Lodd. ex Loudon) Gordon; Gard. Chron. 1842(4): 52 (1842)

= Pinus taurica (Lodd. ex Loudon) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2 2: 339 (1841)

= Pinus taurica Lodd.; Cat. Pl. [Loddiges] (1836)

= Pinus taurica Lodd. ex Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2202 (1838)

variant :

var. fastigiata Businský; Acta Pruhon. 88: 8 (2008)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco; Dendrol. Florest. 56 (1943)

Distribution: Spain; Andorra; S-France (Hérault, Pyrénées); Corsica; Italy; Morocco; Algeria

12 ADO COR FRA SPA 13 ITA 20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus carica D.Don; Discov. Lycia [Fellows] 294 (1841)

= Pinus clusiana Clemente; Agricultura (Bogota) 2: 404 (1818)

= Pinus clusiana subsp. mauretanica (Maire & Peyerimh.) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 1: 146 (1952)

= Pinus clusiana subsp. salzmannii (Dunal) Cif. & Giacom.; Nomenclator Fl. Ital. 1: 6 (1950)

= Pinus conglomerata Graeffer ex Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 477 (1831)

= Pinus halepensis var. carica (D.Don) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 393 (1855)

= Pinus hispanica J.Cook; Sketch. Spain 2: 337 (1834)

= Pinus laricio subsp. monspeliensis (Lavallée) Salzm. ex Koehne; Deut. Dendrol. 38 (1893), nom. superfl.

= Pinus laricio subsp. salzmannii (Dunal) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 2 (1890)

= Pinus laricio var. angustisquama Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 1: 18, 73 (1861)

= Pinus laricio var. latisquama Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 1: 18, 73 (1861)

= Pinus laricio var. pyrenaica (Lapeyr.) Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 369 (1856), isonym

= Pinus laricio var. pyrenaica (Lapeyr.) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2202 (1838)

= Pinus loiseleuriana Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 382 (1855)

= Pinus mauretanica (Maire & Peyerimh., sine ref.) Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 2, sect. 1, vol. 1(2), chap. 6: 54, clavi, 149 (1960)

= Pinus nigra subsp. clusiana (Clemente) Rivas Mart.; Mem. Mapa Ser. Veget. Potencial Esp. 146 (1988)

= Pinus nigra subsp. mauretanica (Maire & Peyerimh.) Heywood; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 66: 150 (1962)

= Pinus nigra subsp. monspeliensis (Koehne) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 23 (1983)

= Pinus nigra var. angustisquama (Willk.) E.Laguna; Fl. Montiber. 15: 28 (2000)

= Pinus nigra var. latisquama (Willk.) E.Laguna; Fl. Montiber. 15: 28 (2000)

= Pinus nigra var. mauretanica Maire & Peyerimh.; Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 184: 1515 (1927)

= Pinus nigra var. monspeliensis (Koehne) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 23 (1983)

= Pinus nigra var. salzmannii (Dunal) E.Laguna; Fl. Montiber. 15: 28 (2000)

= Pinus pallasii Parol.; Hort. Bot. Parol. 3 (1841)

= Pinus penicillus Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 63 (1813)

= Pinus pseudohalepensis Dehnh. ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. t. 400 (1855)

= Pinus pyrenaica Lapeyr.; Suite Mém. Hist. Nat. Pyrénées 164 (1818)

= Pinus pyrenaica subsp. mauretanica (Maire & Peyerimh.) O.Schwarz; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 384 (1939)

= Pinus resinosa Loisel.; Traité Arbr. Arbust. [Duhamel], nouv. éd. 5: 237, f. 5 (1812) nom. illeg., non Aiton

= Pinus salzmannii Dunal; Mem. Sect. Sci. Acad. Sci. Montpellier 2: 82 (1851)

species :

Pinus occidentalis Sw.; Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. [O.P.Swartz] 103 (1788)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic, Haiti); Puerto Rico [I]

81 HIS pue

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Australes

Conservation Status: vulnerable (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba) and near threatened (IUCN)

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus cubensis Gordon; Pinetum 234 (1858)

= Pinus occidentalis subsp. baorucoensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 28 (2009)

= Pinus occidentalis var. baorucoensis Silba; Phytologia 58(6): 368 (1985)

species :

Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl.; Linnaea 12: 491 (1838)

Name: Pino ocote (ES); Egg-cone pine (EN)

Distribution: Taiwan [I]; Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; NW-Nicaragua; Costa Rica [I]

38 tai 79 MEX 80 BLZ cos ELS GUA HON NIC

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Oocarpae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus oocarpa subsp. manzanoi (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 29 (2009)

= Pinus oocarpa var. manzanoi Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 11: 70 (1940)

= Pinus oocarpa var. oocarpoides Endl.; Syn. Conif. 152 (1847)

= Pinus oocarpoides Lindl. ex Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 1118 (1842)

= Pinus skinneri Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 313 (1855)

species :

Pinus orthophylla Businský; Willdenowia 34(1): 229 (2004)

Distribution: China (Hainan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

species :

Pinus palustris Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 14 (1768)

Name: Longleaf pine

Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Italy [I]; Romania [I]; China [I] (Fujian [I], Jiangsu [I], Jiangxi [I], Shandong [I], Zhejiang [I]); Taiwan [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA (Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, E-Texas)

11 aut ger 13 ita rom 36 chi 38 tai 50 aus 51 nzl 77 USA 78 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Australes

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus australis F.Michx.; Hist. Arbr. Forest. 1: 64, t. 6 (1810)

= Pinus georgica Gordon; Pinetum 187 (1858)

= Pinus longifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 398 (1796)

= Pinus lutea Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 237 (1788)

= Pinus palmiensis Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 63 (1862)

= Pinus palmieri Manetti ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 63 (1862)

= Pinus palustris subsp. neogigantea Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 11(1): 17 (2004)

= Pinus palustris var. excelsa Booth ex J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 62 (1839)

= Pinus serotina hort.; Bon Jard. 976 (1837) ex Antoine, Conif. 23

species :

Pinus parviflora Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 27, t. 115 (1842)

Name: Japanese white pine

Distribution: China [I]; South Korea (Ulleung Isl.); Japan

36 chi 38 JAP KOR

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus cembra Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 274 (1784)

= Pinus cembra var. japonica J.Nelson; Pinaceae [Nelson] 107 (1866)

= Pinus heterophylla C.Presl; Epimel. Bot. 236 (1851)

= Pinus himekomatsu Miyabe & Kudô; Icon. Forest Trees Hokkaido 1: 29 (1921)

= Pinus mayrii Zabel; Forstl. Blätt. (Berlin) 15: 250 (1891), ex Gartenflora 41: 40 (1892)

= Pinus parviflora subsp. neoorbiculata Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 12 (2009)

= Pinus parviflora var. todaiensis Sugim.; J. Geobot. 24(3): 61 (1977) [subvar.]

= Pinus parvifolia Carr; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 385 (1867)

= Pinus pentaphylla var. himekomatsu (Miyabe & Kudô) Makino; Ill. Fl. Nippon 903 (1940)

= Strobus parviflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 128 (1952)

variant :

var. pentaphylla (Mayr) A.Henry; Trees Great Britain [Elwes & Henry] 5: 1033 (1910)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.); South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

31 RFE 38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus parviflora subsp. pentaphylla (Mayr) Businský; Acta Pruhon. 68: 12 (1999)

= Pinus pentaphylla Mayr; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 384 (1867)

species :

Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl.; Linnaea 12: 488 (1838)

Distribution: Zimbabwe [I]; South Africa [I]; Taiwan [I]; New Zealand [I]; Mexico (Chiapas, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz); Costa Rica [I]; Colombia [I]; Bolivia [c]

26 zim 27 saf 38 tai 51 nzl 79 MEX 80 cos 82 clm 83 bol

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Oocarpae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham.; Linnaea 6: 354 (1831)

= Pinus patula var. macrocarpa Mast.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 9: 438 (1891)

= Pinus subpatula Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 84 (1862)

variant :

var. longipedunculata Loock ex Martínez; Pinos Mexic., ed. 2, 333 (1948)

Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Chiapas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus patula subsp. longipedunculata (Loock ex Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 29 (2009)

= Pinus longipedunculata (Loock ex Martínez) Businský; Acta Pruhon. 88 (2008)

species :

Pinus peuce Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 349 (1846)

Name: Macedonian pine (EN); Rumelische Kiefer, Mazedonische Kiefer (DE)

Distribution: Germany [c]; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; W-Bulgaria; N-Greece; Estonia [I]

11 ger 13 BUL GRC KOS MNT NMA SRB 14 est

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Haploxylon excelsa var. peuce (Griseb.) Börner; Fl. Deut. Volk 291 (1912)

= Pinus excelsa var. peuce (Griseb.) Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 286 (1891)

= Pinus peuce var. vermiculata Christ

= Strobus peuce (Griseb.) Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 129 (1952)

species :

Pinus pinaster Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 367 (1789)

subspecies :

subsp. pinaster

Name: Maritime pine (EN); Seestrand-Kiefer (DE); Pino rodeno (ES)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Isle of Man [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Jersey [I], Guernsey [I]); Italy [I]; Pantelleria [c]; San Marino [c]; Croatia [I]; Montenegro [c]; Serbia; Kosovo [c]; Greece [c]; Azores [I] (Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Pico [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I], Porto Santo Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I]); South Africa [I]; St. Helena [I]; China [I]; Taiwan [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (North Carolina [I]); Chile [I]

10 grb ire 12 cis FRA POR SPA 13 cro grc ita kos mnt ptl sma SRB 21 azo cny mdr 27 saf 28 sth 36 chi 38 tai 50 aus 51 nzl 78 usa 85 cle

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinaster

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus chinensis Knight ex Gordon; Pinetum 176 (1858)

= Pinus corteana Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 222 (1891)

= Pinus detritis Hort.Angl. ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 467 (1867)

= Pinus glomerata Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 398 (1796)

= Pinus helenica K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 292 (1873)

= Pinus japonica Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 365 (1855)

= Pinus laricio Savi; Fl. Pis. 2: 353 (1798)

= Pinus lemoniana Benth.; Trans. Hort. Soc. London, Ser. 2, 1: 512 (1835)

= Pinus maritima Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 201 (1779)

= Pinus maritima var. alterna Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 458 (1811)

= Pinus maritima var. glomerata Desp.; Fl. Sarthe 248 (1838)

= Pinus maritima var. major Loisel.; Traité Arbr. Arbust. [Duhamel], nouv. éd. 5: 240 (1812)

= Pinus maritima var. minor Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 458 (1811)

= Pinus massoniana Gordon; Pinetum 176 (1858)

= Pinus minor Loudon; Encycl. Pl. [Loudon] 963. (1829), nom. inval.

= Pinus monspeliensis Salzm. ex Dunal; Mém. Sect. Sci. Acad. Sci. Montpellier 2: 82 (1851)

= Pinus neglecta Low ex Gordon; Pinetum 176 (1858)

= Pinus nepalensis Royle ex Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 217 (1850)

= Pinus novae-hollandiae Lodd. ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 466 (1867)

= Pinus nova-hollandica Lodd. ex Gordon; Pinetum 176 (1858)

= Pinus nova-zelandica Lodd. ex G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 387 (1830)

= Pinus pinaster subsp. acutisquama (Boiss.) Rivas Mart., A.Asensi, Molero Mesa & F.Valle; Rivasgodaya 6: 52 (1991)

= Pinus pinaster subsp. atlantica Huguet; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 33: 427 (1934) (nom inval.)

= Pinus pinaster subsp. minor (Loisel.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 636 (1882)

= Pinus pinaster subsp. prolifera (Parl.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 1 (1890)

= Pinus pinaster var. acutisquama Boiss.

= Pinus pinaster var. iberica Villar; Types Sol Afr. Nord 1: 84 (1947)

= Pinus pinaster var. lemoniana (Benth.) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2215 (1838)

= Pinus pinaster var. minor Loisel.; Traité Arbr. Fruit. [Duhamel] 5: 442 (1830)

= Pinus pinaster var. minor Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 383 (1868)

= Pinus pinaster var. pendula J.Nelson; Pinaceae [Nelson] 124 (1866)

= Pinus pinaster var. prolifera Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 383 (1868)

= Pinus sancta-helenica Loudon ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 466 (1867)

= Pinus scarina Hort.Cels ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 338 (1841)

= Pinus sylvestris Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 1 (1768) non L.

= Pinus syrtica Thore; Prom. Golfe Gascogne 161 (1810)

subspecies :

subsp. escarena (Risso) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 1 (1890)

Distribution: Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria

12 BAL COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus escarena Risso; Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 340, 459 (1826)

= Pinus hamiltonii Ten.; Cat. Orto Bot. Napoli [1845]: 34 (1845)

= Pinus mesogeensis Fieschi & Gaussen; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 64: 440 (1932)

= Pinus pinaster subsp. hamiltonii (Ten.) Villar; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 33: 427 (1934)

= Pinus pinaster var. hamiltonii (Ten.) Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 217 (1850)

= Pinus pinaster var. mesogeensis (Fieschi & Gaussen) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 59 (1990)

subspecies :

subsp. renoui (Villar) Maire; Encycl. Biol. 33: 145 (1952)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus pinaster var. renoui Villar; Vol. Jubil. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 241 (1948)

species :

Pinus pinceana Gordon; Pinetum 204 (1858)

Name: Weeping pinyon pine

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Parrya

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus latisquama Engelm.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 18: 712 (1882)

species :

Pinus pinea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1000 (1753)

Name: Stone pine (EN); Pinie (DE); Pino real (ES)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Montenegro [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [I]; North Macedonia [I]; European Turkey [I]; Greece (W-Peloponnisos, otherwise introduced); Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]; Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I]); South Africa [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [c] (incl. Rhodos [c]); Turkey [c] (Anatolia [c]); Cyprus [I]; Lebanon / Syria; Taiwan [I]; USA [I] (California [I])

12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 bih cro GRC ITA kos mnt nma SIC slv SRB tue 20 alg lby mor tun 21 cny 27 saf 34 cyp eai tur 38 tai 76 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinaster

Synonyms: hidden

= Apinus pinea (L.) Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 3: 270 (1790)

= Pinea esculenta Opiz; Oekon. Neuigk. Verh. 1838: 526 (1839)

= Pinus africana K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 271 (1873)

= Pinus aracanensis Knight ex Gordon; Pinetum 179 (1858)

= Pinus arctica Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 456 (1867)

= Pinus fastuosa Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 398 (1796) nom. illeg.

= Pinus fragilis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 457 (1867)

= Pinus maderiensis Ten.; Index Sem. (Naples, Neapolitano) (1854). Cf. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 2: 379 (1854)

= Pinus pinea var. maderiensis (Ten.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 1: 457 (1867)

= Pinus sativa Garsault; Fig. Pl. Med., t. 65 (1764), Descr. Pl. Anim. 49 (1767), Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 8: 784 (1908)

species :

Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C.Lawson; Agric. Man. 354 (1836)

Name: Ponderosa pine

Distribution: Hungary [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [c]; Greece [c]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; China [I]; New Zealand [I]; Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington State); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora, Zacatecas); Argentina [I]

11 hun 13 grc kos SRB 20 alg mor 36 chi 51 nzl 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX 85 arg

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Ponderosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus australis f. ponderosa Douglas ex Laws. & C.Lawson

= Pinus beardsleyi A.Murray bis; Edinburgh New Philos. J., Ser. 2, 1: 286 (1855)

= Pinus benthamiana Hartw.; J. Hort. Soc. London 2: 189 (1847)

= Pinus brachyptera Engelm.; Mem. Tour N. Mexico [Wislizenus] 89 (1848)

= Pinus craigiana A.Murray bis; Edinburgh New Philos. J., Ser. 2, 1: 288 (1855)

= Pinus engelmannii Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, no. 4), Bot. [Whipple] 141 (1857)

= Pinus macrophylla Torr.; Rep. Exped. Zuni & Colorado Rivers [Sitgreave] 173 (1853)

= Pinus nootkatensis Manetti ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 67 (1862)

= Pinus parryana Gordon; Pinetum 202 (1858)

= Pinus ponderosa subsp. benthamiana (Hartw.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 30 (2009)

= Pinus ponderosa subsp. brachyptera (Engelm.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 18(1): 16 (2011)

= Pinus ponderosa subsp. readiana Callaham; Res. Pap., P. S. W., U.S. Forest Serv. 264: 41, fig. 7, maps (figs. 1-2) (2013)

= Pinus ponderosa subsp. washoensis (Mason & Stockw.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 23 (1982)

= Pinus ponderosa var. benthamiana (Hartw.) Vasey; Rep. Commiss. Agric. 178 (1876)

= Pinus ponderosa var. brachyptera (Engelm.) Lemmon; Second Bienn. Rep. Calif. State Board Forest 73, 98 (1888)

= Pinus ponderosa var. malletii (Mottet) Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 105 (1907)

= Pinus ponderosa var. pacifica J.R.Haller & Vivrette; Aliso 29(1): 55 (2011), nom. illeg.

= Pinus ponderosa var. parryana (Gordon) Rob.; Fl. & Sylva 3: 104 (1905)

= Pinus ponderosa var. pendula Hook.f. ex H.W.Sarg.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 10: 236 (1878)

= Pinus ponderosa var. washoensis (H.Mason & Stockw.) J.R.Haller & Vivrette; Aliso 29(1): 56 (2011)

= Pinus resinosa Torr.; Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 249 (1828)

= Pinus sinclairiana Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 355 (1855)

= Pinus washoensis Mason & Stockw.; Madroño 8: 62 (1945)

variant :

var. cunninghamia S.C.Meyers; Phytoneuron 2024-86: 2 (2024)

Distribution: USA (Oregon: Lake Co.)

73 USA

variant :

var. scopulorum Engelm.; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 2: 126 (1880)

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming); Mexico (Sonora)

71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus ponderosa subsp. scopulorum (Engelm.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 23 (1982)

= Pinus ponderosa subsp. scopulorum (S.Watson) W.A.Weber; Phytologia 51(6): 374 (1982)

species :

Pinus praetermissa Styles & McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 310 (1990)

Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Durango, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Oocarpae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus oocarpa var. microphylla Shaw; Publ. Arnold Arbor. 27, pl. XX (1909)

species :

Pinus pringlei Shaw; Trees & Shrubs [Sargent] 211, t. 100 (1905)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Tlaxcala)

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Oocarpae

species :

Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.): 63 (1839)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; ?Nicaragua; Bolivia [c]

79 MEX 80 ELS GUA HON 83 bol

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Ponderosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus angulata Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 27 (1857)

= Pinus antoineana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 14 (1857)

= Pinus estevezi (Martínez, sine ref.) Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 2, sect. 1, vol. 1(2), chap. 6: 79, clavi, 142 (1960)

= Pinus estevezii (Martínez) J.P.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 63(2): 187 (1982) (without exact basionym page:)

= Pinus exserta Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 27 (1857)

= Pinus heteromorpha Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 28 (1857)

= Pinus nubicola J.P.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 68(4): 447 (1987)

= Pinus orizabae Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 1: 237 (1846)

= Pinus prasina Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 24 (1857)

= Pinus protuberans Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 27 (1857)

= Pinus pseudostrobus f. megacarpa Loock; Bull. Dept. Forests Union South Africa 35: 153 (1950)

= Pinus pseudostrobus f. protuberans Martínez; Pinos Mexic., ed. 2, 192, fig. 154 (1948)

= Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. estevezii (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 31 (2009)

= Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. laubenfelsii (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 31 (2009)

= Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. nubicola (J.P.Perry) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 31 (2009)

= Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. protuberans (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 31 (2009)

= Pinus pseudostrobus var. estevezii Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 16: 188 (1945)

= Pinus pseudostrobus var. laubenfelsii Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 60 (1990)

= Pinus regeliana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 29 (1857)

= Pinus rudis Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 70 (1862)

variant :

var. apulcensis (Lindl.) Shaw; Publ. Arnold Arbor. 1: 19, t. 12 (1909)

Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Nuevo León); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus acapulcensis G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 3: 769 (1839)

= Pinus apulcensis Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.): 63 (1839)

= Pinus astecaensis Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 290 (1875)

= Pinus coatepecensis (Martínez, sine ref.) Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 2, sect. 1, vol. 1(2), chap. 6: 79, in clavi, et 136 (1960)

= Pinus oaxacana Mirov; Madroño 14: 145 (1958)

= Pinus oaxacana var. diversiformis Debreczy & I.Rácz; Phytologia 78(4): 237 (1995)

= Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. acapulcensis (Lindl.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 31 (2009)

= Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. acapulcensis (Lindl.) Stead; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 89(3): 269 (1984)

= Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. coatepecensis (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 31 (2009)

= Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. oaxacana (Mirov) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 31 (2009)

= Pinus pseudostrobus var. coatepecensis Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 16: 187 (1945)

= Pinus pseudostrobus var. oaxacana (Mirov) S.G.Harrison; Taxon 14: 247 (1965)

species :

Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]), Suppl. 9: 23 (1858), Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 32(1): 211 (1859)

Name: Dwarf Siberian pine

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol); N-Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Cembra pumila (Pall.) Petrov; Fl. Iakut. 1: 64 (1930), syn.

= Haploxylon pumilum (Pall.) Kom.; Fl. Kamtchatka 1: 103 (1927), syn.

= Pinus cembra subsp. pumila (Pall.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 22 (1983)

= Pinus cembra var. pumila Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 1: 4 (1784)

= Pinus cembra var. pygmaea Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2276 (1838)

= Pinus nana Lemée & H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 60 (1910)

= Pinus pumila f. auriamentata Y.N.Lee; Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 7: 14 (2007)

= Pinus pumila var. mongolica Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 19: 313 (1943)

species :

Pinus pungens Lamb.; Ann. Bot. [König & Sims] 2: 198 (1805) ex Michx., Hist. Arb. Am. 1: 61, t. 5

Name: Table Mountain pine

Distribution: South Korea [I]; USA (District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, North Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)

38 kor 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Australes

species :

Pinus quadrifolia Parry ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 402 (1868)

Name: Parry pine, Nut pine

Distribution: USA (S-California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

76 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Parrya

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus cembroides subsp. parryana (Voss) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 22 (1982)

= Pinus cembroides var. parryana (Engelm.) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1907: 95 (1908)

= Pinus cembroides var. quadrifolia (Parl. ex Sudw.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 29 (2000)

= Pinus juarezensis Lanner; Southw. Naturalist 19(1): 77 (1974)

= Pinus llaveana Torr.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 208, t. 55 (1859)

= Pinus parryana Engelm.; Amer. J. Sci. Arts, Ser. 2, 34: 332 (1862), in nota, not Gordon (1858)

= Pinus quadrifolia subsp. juarezensis (Lanner) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 32 (2009)

= Pinus quadrifolia var. juarezensis (Lanner) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 48 (1990)

species :

Pinus radiata D.Don; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 442 (1837)

Name: Monterey pine, Radiata pine (EN); Monterey-Kiefer (DE); Pino de Monterey (ES)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Orkney Isl. [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Jersey [I], Guernsey [I]); Italy [I]; Morocco [I]; Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], La Gomera [I], Hierro [I], La Palma [I], Lanzarote [I]); South Africa [I]; Cyprus [I]; Taiwan [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; W-USA (C-California); Mexico [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Bolivia [c]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I]

10 grb ire 12 cis fra por spa 13 ita 20 mor 21 cny 27 saf 34 cyp 38 tai 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 76 USA 79 mex 82 clm 83 bol ecu 85 arg cle

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Oocarpae

Conservation Status: Of conservation concern in the wild

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus adunca Bosc ex Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 4: 418 (1815)

= Pinus californica Loisel.; Traité Arbr. Arbust. [Duhamel], nouv. éd. 5: 243, Hartw. in J. Hort. Soc. London 2: 189 (1847)

= Pinus insignis Douglas ex Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2243, f. 2132-2187 (1838)

= Pinus insignis var. laevigata Lemmon; Second Bienn. Rep. Calif. State Board Forest 76 (1888)

= Pinus insignis var. macrocarpa Hartw. ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 440 (1867)

= Pinus insignis var. radiata (D.Don) Lemmon; Second Bienn. Rep. Calif. State Board Forest 76, 114 (1888)

= Pinus montereyensis Rauch ex Gordon; Pinetum 197 (1858)

= Pinus rigida Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 160 (1833)

= Pinus sinclairii Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 392 (1833)

= Pinus tuberculata D.Don; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 442 (1836)

variant :

var. binata (Engelm.) Lemmon; Cone-bear. Trees Pacif. Slope, ed. 3: 42 (1895)

Name: Guadalupe Island pine, Cedros Island pine

Distribution: Mexico (Cedros Isl.); Isla Guadalupe

79 GLP MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus insignis var. binata Engelm.; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 2: 128 (1880)

= Pinus muricata f. remorata (Mason) Hoover; Leafl. W. Bot. 10: 338 (1966)

= Pinus muricata subsp. remorata (Mason) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 23 (1982)

= Pinus muricata var. cedrosensis Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 3: 7 (1941)

= Pinus muricata var. remorata (Mason) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 56 (1990)

= Pinus radiata subsp. binata (Engelm.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 24 (1983)

= Pinus radiata subsp. cedrosensis (J.T.Howell) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 32 (2009)

= Pinus radiata var. cedrosensis (Howell) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 60 (1990)

= Pinus remorata Mason; Madroño 2: 9 (1930)

species :

Pinus rarissima Businský; Phytotaxa 718(4): 250 (2025)

Distribution: Vietnam (C-Vietnam)

41 VIE

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Conservation Status: known only from a very small area, less than 20 specimens known

species :

Pinus ravii R.C.Srivast.; Indian J. Pl. Sci. (Jaipur) 2(1): 40 (2013)

Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)

40 IND

Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unconfirmed

species :

Pinus remota (Little) D.K.Bailey & Hawksw.; Phytologia 44(3): 129 (1979)

Name: Texas pinyon pine

Distribution: USA (SW-Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sonora)

77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Parrya

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus catarinae M.-F.Robert; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 1981(1): 70 (1981)

= Pinus cembroides var. remota Little; Wrightia 3: 183 (1966)

= Pinus culminicola var. remota (Little) Eckenw.; Conifers World 647 (2009)

= Pinus remota subsp. catarinae (Passini) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 32 (2009)

species :

Pinus resinosa Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 367 (1789)

Name: Red pine

Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)

71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus rubra F.Michx.; Hist. Arbr. Forest. 1: 45, t. 1 (1785)

species :

Pinus rigida Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 10 (1768)

Name: Pitch pine (EN); Pech-Kiefer (DE)

Distribution: Germany [c]; Italy [I]; Belarus [I]; China [I] (Fujian [I], Jiangsu [I], Jiangxi [I], Liaoning [I], Shandong [I]); South Korea [I]; Taiwan [I]; Canada (Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec); USA (Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Minnesota, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, West Virginia)

11 ger 13 ita 14 blr 36 chi 38 kor tai 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Australes

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus taeda var. rigida (Mill.) Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 368 (1789)

= Pinus fraseri Lodd.; Cat. Pl. [Loddiges] 50 (1836)

= Pinus loddigesii Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2269 (1838)

species :

Pinus roxburghii Sarg.; Silva [Sargent] 11: 9 (1897)

Name: Chir pine, Long-leaved Indian pine

Distribution: Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Mozambique [I]; South Africa [I]; Afghanistan [I] (Nangarhar [I]); S-Tibet; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, etc.); Bangladesh; Myanmar [I]

20 alg mor 26 moz 27 saf 34 afg 36 TIB 38 tai 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK 41 mya

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinaster

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus longifolia Roxb. ex Lamb.; Descr. Pinus [Lambert] 1: 29, t. 21 (1803)

= Pinus serenagensis Madden ex Gordon; Pinetum 200 (1858)

species :

Pinus rzedowskii Madrigal & M.Caball.; Bol. Tecn. Inst. Nac. Invest. Forest., Mexico 26: 1 (1969)

Distribution: Mexico (W-Michoacán)

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Parrya

Conservation Status: IUCN E

species :

Pinus sabiniana Douglas; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 16: 749 (1833)

Name: California foothill pine

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon: Jackson Co.)

73 USA 76 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Ponderosae

species :

Pinus serotina Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 205 (1803)

Name: Pond pine, Marsh pine

Distribution: China [I] (Jiangsu [I], Jiangxi [I], Zhejiang [I]); USA (Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, New Jersey, South Carolina, Virginia)

36 chi 75 USA 78 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Australes

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus alopecuroides Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 209 (1858), not validly publ.

= Pinus rigida subsp. serotina (Michx.) Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 4: 177 (1880)

= Pinus rigida var. serotina (Michx.) Loudon ex Hoopes; Book Evergr. 120 (1868)

species :

Pinus sibirica Du Tour; Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. [Déterville] 18: 18 (1803)

Name: Siberian Pine (EN)

Distribution: European Russia (E-European Russia: Urals); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Kazakhstan; China (Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang); N-Mongolia

14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Cembra sibirica Petrov; Fl. Iakut. 1: 62 (1930), syn.

= Pinus cembra subsp. sibirica (Du Tour) Krylov; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 7: 1724 (1914)

= Pinus cembra var. sibirica (Du Tour) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 22 (1983)

= Pinus hingganensis H.J.Zhang; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 151 (1985)

= Pinus sibirica subsp. hingganensis (H.J.Zhang) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 33 (2009)

= Pinus sibirica var. hingganensis (H.J.Zhang) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 61 (1990)

species :

Pinus squamata X.W.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 14(3): 259 (1992)

Distribution: China (NE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Conservation Status: IUCN CR. Known from a single locality only of about 30 trees

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus bungeana subsp. squamata (X.W.Li) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 17 (2009)

species :

Pinus stormiae (Martínez) Frankis; Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book 2023: 43 (2024)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Zacatecas, ?San Luis Potosi)

79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus arizonica subsp. stormiae (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 15 (2009)

= Pinus ponderosa var. stormiae (Martínez) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 59 (1990)

= Pinus arizonica var. stormiae Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 16: 284, fig. 241-243 (1945)

species :

Pinus strobiformis Engelm.; Mem. Tour N. Mexico [Wislizenus] 102 (1848)

Name: Southwestern white pine

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus ayacahuite subsp. strobiformis (Engelm.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 21 (1983)

= Pinus ayacahuite var. brachyptera Shaw; Publ. Arnold Arbor. 11, pl. 6 (1909)

= Pinus ayacahuite var. novogaliciana Carvajal; Fl. Novo-Galiciana 17: 48 (1992)

= Pinus ayacahuite var. reflexa (Engelm.) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1907: 92 (1907)

= Pinus novogaliciana Carvajal; Phytologia 59(2): 131 (1986) (without latin descr.)

= Pinus strobiformis subsp. carvajalii (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 33 (2009)

= Pinus strobiformis var. carvajalii Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 61 (1990)

species :

Pinus strobus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1001 (1753)

Name: Eastern white pine (EN); Weymouth-Kiefer (DE)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Germany [c]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [c]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; China [I]; South Korea [I]; Taiwan [I]; New Zealand [I]; Canada (Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia); Guatemala [I]

10 grb 11 cze ger hun slo 13 cro kos slv SRB 14 blr rus 32 uzb 36 chi 38 kor tai 51 nzl 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA 80 gua

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Leucopitys strobus (L.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 70 (1913)

= Pinus alba-canadensis Prov.; Fl. Canad. [Provancher] 2: 554 (1863)

= Pinus nivea Booth ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 305 (1855)

= Pinus strobus subsp. cumberlandensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 18(1): 11 (-12) (2011)

= Pinus strobus var. brevifolia Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 303 (1855)

= Pinus strobus var. fastigiata Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. ed. 2: 487 (1884)

= Pinus strobus var. umbraculifera Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 304 (1855)

= Pinus tabulaeformis K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 320 (1873)

= Pinus tenuifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 399 (1796) nom. illeg.

= Pinus umbraculifera K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 320 (1873)

= Strobus strobus (L.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 29 (1903)

= Strobus weymouthiana Opiz; Lotos 4: 94 (1854)

variant :

var. chiapensis Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 11: 81 (1940)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus chiapensis (Martínez) Andresen; Phytologia 10: 417 (1964)

= Pinus strobus subsp. chiapensis (Martínez) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 23 (1982)

species :

Pinus sylvestris L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1000 (1753)

Name: Scots pine (EN), Kiefer, Föhre (DE)

Distribution: Iceland [I]; England (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland, Outer Hebrides [I], Orkney Isl. [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands [I]; +Netherlands; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Jersey [I], Guernsey [I]); Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey [I]; N-Greece (mountains); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; European Russia (N-European Russia, W-European Russia, C-European Russia); Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); Kazakhstan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Turkey (Anatolia); Mongolia; South Korea [I]; Taiwan [I]; New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Iowa [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Vermont [I], Wisconsin [I])

10 den FIN GRB ice ire NOR SWE 11 AUT bgm CZE GER HUN LIE lux net NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO cis FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB tue 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 kaz uzb 34 TUR 37 MON 38 kor tai 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus altissima Ledeb. ex Gordon; Pinetum 186 (1858)

= Pinus binato-folio Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 414 (1792) nom. inval.

= Pinus borealis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 398 (1796) nom. illeg.

= Pinus caucasica Fisch. ex Gordon; Pinetum 186 (1858)

= Pinus erzeroomica Calvert ex Gordon; Pinetum 186 (1858)

= Pinus fominii Kondr.; Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 7(1): 53 (1950)

= Pinus fominii subsp. cretacea (Kalen.) L.V.Orlova; Konspekt Fl. Vost. Evr. 1: 75 (2012)

= Pinus genevensis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 372 (1855)

= Pinus genovensis Garsault; Fig. Pl. Med., t. 81 (1764), Descr. Pl. Anim. 59 (1767), Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 8: 784 (1908)

= Pinus hagenaviensis K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 274 (1873)

= Pinus haguenensis Lavallée; Icon. Sel. Arb. 245 (1877)

= Pinus haguenensis ´Loudon´ ex Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 228 (1891)

= Pinus haguenoviensis Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 385 (1868)

= Pinus krylovii Serg. & Kondr.; Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 10(1): 42 (1953)

= Pinus monophylla Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 385 (1868)

= Pinus montana Hoffm.; Deutschl. Fl. Bot. Taschenb. [Hoffmann] 340 (1791)

= Pinus mughus Jacq.; Icon. Pl. Rar. [Jacquin], t. 193 (1793)

= Pinus padufia Ledeb. ex Gordon; Pinetum 186 (1858)

= Pinus pumila K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 275 (1873)

= Pinus pygmaea K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 275 (1873)

= Pinus resinosa Savi; Fl. Pis. 2: 354 (1798)

= Pinus rigensis (Loudon) Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9: 210 (1884)

= Pinus rubra Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 3 (1768)

= Pinus scariosa Lodd.; Cat. Pl. [Loddiges] 56 (1836)

= Pinus scotica Willd. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 172 (1847)

= Pinus sylvestriformis (Takenouchi) Z.Wang

= Pinus sylvestris f. baenitzii F.A.Tscherning; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 17(9/10): 136 (1899)

= Pinus sylvestris f.compacta Kandemir & Mataracı; Resimli Türkiye Florasi (Ill. Fl. Turkey) 2: 345 (2018)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. amurensis L.V.Orlova; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 32 (2001)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. borussica (P.K.Schott) Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67: 3 (1963)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. haguenensis (Loudon) Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67: 3 (1963)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. hercynica (Münch) Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67: 2 (1963)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. krylovii (Serg. & Kondr.) Busik; Fl. Tsentral´noi Sibiri 1: 50 (1979)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. pannonica (Schott) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18 (1-2): 177 (1973)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. scotica (Beissn.) E.F.Warb.; Fl. Brit. Isles [Clapham et al.] 61 (1952)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. ursina L.V.Orlova; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 34 (2001)

= Pinus sylvestris var. altaica Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2159 (1838)

= Pinus sylvestris var. aquitana Schott; Forstwiss. Centralbl. 1907: 278 (1907)

= Pinus sylvestris var. argentea Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 52 (1838)

= Pinus sylvestris var. armena (K.Koch) Fitschen; Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 417 (1930)

= Pinus sylvestris var. aurea A.H.Kent; Man. Conif. 157 (1881)

= Pinus sylvestris var. baenitzii Tschern.; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 17: 136 (1899)

= Pinus sylvestris var. batava Schott; Forstwiss. Centralbl. 1907: 278 (1907)

= Pinus sylvestris var. borussica Schott; Forstwiss. Centralbl. 1907: 278 (1907)

= Pinus sylvestris var. brevifolia Link; Linnaea 15: 487 (1842)

= Pinus sylvestris var. caraminica J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 9 (1839)

= Pinus sylvestris var. communis Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 366 (1789), nom. inval.

= Pinus sylvestris var. condensata Thorsrud & Reisæter; Norske Plantenavn 84 (1948), nom. inval.

= Pinus sylvestris var. corticata Thorsrud & Reisæter; Norske Plantenavn 85 (1948), nom. inval.

= Pinus sylvestris var. cretacea Kalen.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 22(1): 295 (& 301) (1849)

= Pinus sylvestris var. echinata Link; Linnaea 15: 490 (1842)

= Pinus sylvestris var. elicinii Kandemir & Mataracı; Resimli Türkiye Florasi (Ill. Fl. Turkey) 2: 340 (2018)

= Pinus sylvestris var. erythranthera Sanio; Index Sem. (Berlin) 1871(App.): 8 (1871)

= Pinus sylvestris var. fastigiata Carrière; J. Gén. Hort. 11: 98 (1856)

= Pinus sylvestris var. fruticosa Borbás; Magyar Tud. Akad. Értes. 11: 256 (1879)

= Pinus sylvestris var. gibba Heer; Verh. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. 46: 177 (1862)

= Pinus sylvestris var. haguenensis Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2157 (1838)

= Pinus sylvestris var. hercynica Münch; Allg. Forst- Jagd-Zeitung 95: 540 (1924)

= Pinus sylvestris var. horizontalis D.Don; Mem. Caledonian Hort. Soc. 1: 125 (1814)

= Pinus sylvestris var. humilis (Link) Link; Linnaea 15: 488 (1842)

= Pinus sylvestris var. hybrida Heer; Verh. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. 46: 182 (1862)

= Pinus sylvestris var. leucosperma Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 6: 382 (1909)

= Pinus sylvestris var. maritima Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 366 (1789)

= Pinus sylvestris var. melanosperma Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 6: 382 (1909)

= Pinus sylvestris var. monticola Schröt.; Biblioth. Universelle Rev. Suisse, Sér. 3, 34: 70 (1895)

= Pinus sylvestris var. nana Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 1(1): 6 (1784)

= Pinus sylvestris var. pachyphylla Murr; Neue Übers. Bl.-Pfl. Vorarlberg Liechtenstein 1: 17 (1923)

= Pinus sylvestris var. palustris Hagenb.; Tent. Fl. Brasil. 2: 441 (1834)

= Pinus sylvestris var. pannonica Schott; Forstwiss. Centralbl. 1907: 278 (1907)

= Pinus sylvestris var. parvifolia Heer; Verh. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. 46: 181 (1862)

= Pinus sylvestris var. patula Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 367 (1913)

= Pinus sylvestris var. pendula C.Lawson; List Pl. Fir Tribe [Lawson et al.] 43 (1852)

= Pinus sylvestris var. phaeosperma Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 6: 382 (1909)

= Pinus sylvestris var. plana Heer; Verh. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. 46: 177 (1862)

= Pinus sylvestris var. plicata Thorsrud & Reisæter; Norske Plantenavn 85 (1948), nom. inval.

= Pinus sylvestris var. pseudouncinata Bertsch; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 7 (1906)

= Pinus sylvestris var. pumilio (Haenke) Gaudin; Baier. Fl. 10: 230 (1789)

= Pinus sylvestris var. rigensis Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2157 (1838)

= Pinus sylvestris var. rubra (Mill.) Reichard; Syst. Pl. 4: 172 (1780)

= Pinus sylvestris var. rubra (Mill.) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 760 (1889)

= Pinus sylvestris var. rubra Merrem; Handb. Pflanzenk. [Merrem] 439 (1809)

= Pinus sylvestris var. rubriflora Buchenau; Fl. Bremen, ed. 3: 295 (1885)

= Pinus sylvestris var. sarmatica Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 6B(46B): 256 (1906)

= Pinus sylvestris var. scariosa Lodd. ex Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 953 (1842)

= Pinus sylvestris var. scotica Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. ed. 2: 488 (1884)

= Pinus sylvestris var. septentrionalis Schott; Forstwiss. Centralbl. 1907: 278 (1907)

= Pinus sylvestris var. sibirica (Ledeb.) Link; Linnaea 15(5): 489 (1841)

= Pinus sylvestris var. sietzii Schwer.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 37: 350 (1926)

= Pinus sylvestris var. sphagnicola Rupr.; Symb. Pl. Ross. 224 (1846)

= Pinus sylvestris var. subalpina Fomin; Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 34: 20 (1914)

= Pinus sylvestris var. superrhenana Schott; Forstwiss. Centralbl. 1907: 278 (1907)

= Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis (Takenouchi) W.C.Cheng & C.D.Chu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 246 (1978)

= Pinus sylvestris var. tatarica (Mill.) Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 366 (1789)

= Pinus sylvestris var. tuberculata Thorsrud & Reisæter; Norske Plantenavn 85 (1948), nom. inval.

= Pinus sylvestris var. turfosa Willk. ex Woerl.; Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 3: 181 (1893)

= Pinus sylvestris var. uncinata (Ramond ex DC.) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2156 (1838)

= Pinus sylvestris var. vindelica Ant.Schott; Forstwiss. Centralbl. 1907: 278 (1907)

= Pinus sylvestris var. virgata Casp.; Schriften Konigl. Phys.-Okon. Ges. Konigsberg 6: 49 (1866)

= Pinus sylvestris var. vulgaris Merrem; Handb. Pflanzenk. [Merrem] 439 (1809)

= Pinus sylvestris var. watereri Beissn.

= Pinus tatarica Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 4 (1768)

= Pinus tortuosa Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 339 (1841)

= Pinus wateriana L.H.Bailey; Cult. Conif. N. Amer. 54 (1933), syn.

= Pinus yamazutae Uyeki; J. Chosen Nat. Hist. Soc. 9: 20 (1929)

variant :

var. engadinensis Heer; Verh. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. 46: 181 (1862)

Name: Engadin-Kiefer (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Austria; N-Italy

11 AUT GER SWI 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus engadinensis (Heer) Ronniger; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69: (204) (1920)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. engadinensis (Heer) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 1: 223 (1897)

variant :

var. hamata Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 52 (1838)

Distribution: European Russia; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; N-Turkey (Anatolia); Iran

14 RUS 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus armena K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 297 (1849)

= Pinus armena var. parviflora Fomin; Golonas. Kavkaz. Krim. 27 (1928)

= Pinus hamata (Steven) Fomin; Mem. Cl. Sci. Phys. Math. Acad. Sci. Ukraine 11: 23 (1928)

= Pinus hamata (Steven) Sosn.; Fl. Tiflis. [Grossheim] 1: 11 (1925) (non Roem. 1857)

= Pinus hamata var. kochiana (Klotzsch ex K.Koch) Fomin; Golonas. Kavkaz. Krim. 25 (1928)

= Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 296 (1849)

= Pinus sosnowskyi Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho 167: 33 (1939) (Indig. Spec. Conif. & Taxads Korea & Manchur. IV.) 33 (1939)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. armena (K.Koch) Fomin; Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 34: 20 (1914)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. hamata (Steven) Fomin; Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 34: 20 (1914)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. kochiana (Klotzsch ex K.Koch) Eliçin; Istanbul Üniv. Orman Fak. Derg., A 20(2): 289 (1970 publ. 1971), et in Istanbul Üniv. Orman Fak. Yayinl., 1662 (Turk. Sarić Larinda Morfogen. Arastir.): 93 (1971)

variant :

var. lapponica Fr. ex C.Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 5: 214 (1849)

Distribution: Norway; Sweden; Finland; European Russia (NW-European Russia); Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia, Yakutia)

10 FIN NOR SWE 14 RUS 30 SIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus lapponica (Fr. ex C.Hartm.) Mayr; Fremdländ. Wald- Parkbäume 348 (1906)

= Pinus friesiana Wich.; Flora 42: 409 (1859)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. lapponica (Hartm.) Sylvén; Meddeland. Statens Skogsförsöksanst. 13-14: 85 (1916)

variant :

var. mongolica Litv.; Sched. Herb. Fl. Ross. 5: 160 (1905)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk); China (NW-Heilongjiang, N-Nei Mongol); N-Mongolia

30 SIB 36 CHI 37 MON

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. mongolica (Litv.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 34 (2009)

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. kulundensis Sukaczev; Dendrol. Osov. Lesn. Geobot. 177 (1934)

= Pinus sylvestris var. manguiensis S.Y.Li & Adair; Sida 16(1): 184 (1994)

variant :

var. nevadensis Christ; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 3: 551 (1863)

Distribution: Spain (S-Spain: Sierra Nevada)

12 SPA

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus sylvestris subsp. nevadensis (Christ) Rivas Mart., A.Asensi, Molero Mesa & F.Valle; Rivasgodaya 6: 52 (1991)

species :

Pinus tabuliformis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 510 (1867)

Name: Chinese pine

Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Liaoning, Ningxia, Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi); North Korea

36 CHI 38 NKO

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus densiflora var. tabuliformis (Carrière) Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 549 (1890)

= Pinus tabuliformis var. bracteata Taken.; J. Jap. Forest. Soc. 24: 123 (1942)

= Pinus tabuliformis var. brevifolia S.Y.Wang & C.L.Chang; Fl. Henan 1: 135 (1981)

= Pinus tabuliformis var. grossipellis T.B.Chao & Zhi X.Chen; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 7 (2021)

= Pinus tabuliformis var. parvicoma T.B.Chao & Zhi X.Chen; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 7 (2021)

= Pinus tabuliformis var. rubescens Uyeki; J. Chosen Nat. Hist. Soc. 3: 45 (1925)

= Pinus tabuliformis var. tokunagae (Nakai) Taken.; J. Jap. Forest. Soc. 24: 123 (1942)

= Pinus tabuliformis var. wilsonii Businský; Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 18 (2008)

= Pinus tokunagae Nakai; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo, Sect. IV, 2 (Contr. Cogn. Fl. Manshuricae) 164 (1935)

variant :

var. mukdensis (Uyeki ex Nakai) Uyeki; J. Chosen Nat. Hist. Soc. 3: 45 (1925)

Distribution: China (Liaoning, ?Jilin); North Korea

36 CHI 38 NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus mukdensis Uyeki apud Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 195 (1919)

= Pinus tabuliformis subsp. mukdensis (Nakai) Businský; Acta Pruhon. 68: 26 (1999)

variant :

var. umbraculifera Liou & Z.Wang; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 548 (97) (1958)

Distribution: China (Hebei)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus tabuliformis f. umbraculifera (Liou & Z.Wang) Q.L.Wang; Fl. Liaoningica 1: 156 (1988)

= Pinus tabuliformis subsp. umbraculifera (Liou & Z.Wang) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 35 (2009)

species :

Pinus taeda L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1000 (1753)

Name: Loblolly pine

Distribution: Mozambique [I]; China [I]; South Korea [I]; Taiwan [I]; Australia [c]; New Zealand [I]; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia); Cuba [c]; Bolivia [c]

26 moz 36 chi 38 kor tai 50 aus 51 nzl 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 81 cub 83 bol

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Australes

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus taeda var. alopecuroidea Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 368 (1789)

= Pinus taeda var. tenuifolia Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 368 (1789)

= Pinus taeda var. variabilis Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 368 (1789)

species :

Pinus taiwanensis Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30: Art. I, 307 (1911)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, C-Guangxi, Guizhou, S-Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, SE-Yunnan, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus brevispica Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 191 (1913)

= Pinus luchuensis subsp. taiwanensis (Hayata) D.Z.Li; Edinburgh J. Bot. 54(3): 342 (1997)

= Pinus taiwanensis var. brevifolia T.B.Chao & Zhi X.Chen; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 8 (2021)

= Pinus taiwanensis var. tortuosifolia T.B.Chao & Pei C.Zhang; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 8 (2021)

variant :

var. fragilissima (Businský) Farjon; Handb. World´s Conifers, ed. 2: 795 (2017)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus fragilissima Businský; Novon 13(3): 282 (2003)

species :

Pinus tecunumanii Eguiluz & J.P.Perry; Ci. Forest. (Mexico) 8(41): 4 (1983)

Name: Schwerdtfeger´s pine, Tecun Uman Pine

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua

79 MEX 80 BLZ ELS GUA HON NIC

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Oocarpae

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus oocarpa var. ochoterenae Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 11. 65 (1940)

= Pinus patula subsp. tecunumanii (Eguiluz & J.P.Perry) Styles; Forest Genet. Res. Inf. (FAO) 13: 50 (1985)

= Pinus tecumumani Schwerdtf.; Entomol. Forest. Guatemala 1 (Pinos Guatemala) 39, 52 (1953) in clavi, sine descr. lat.

species :

Pinus teocote Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.; Linnaea 5: 76 (1830)

Name: Aztec pine, Teocote pine

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); ?Guatemala

79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Oocarpae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus bessereriana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 20 (1857)

= Pinus calocote Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 73 (1862)

= Pinus eslavae G.R.Shaw; Publ. Arnold Arbor. 5: 68 (1914), in obs., pro syn.

= Pinus galocote Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 76 (1862)

= Pinus hugeli Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 77 (1862)

= Pinus interposita Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 78 (1862)

= Pinus kegelii Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 78 (1862)

= Pinus microcarpa Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 21 (1857)

= Pinus mulleriana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 21 (1857)

= Pinus otteana Roezl ex Vilm.; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 18 (1857)

= Pinus teocote f. quinquefoliata Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 16: 158 (1945)

= Pinus teocote subsp. macrocarpa (Shaw) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 35 (2009)

= Pinus teocote subsp. quinquefoliata (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 38, nom. inval. basionym not validly published

= Pinus teocote var. macrocarpa Shaw; Publ. Arnold Arbor. 17, tab. 10 (1909)

= Pinus tumida Roezl ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 85 (1862)

= Pinus vilmoriniana Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 20 (1857)

species :

Pinus thunbergii Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 388 (1868)

Name: Japanese black pine

Distribution: China [I]; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (S-Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Marshall Isl. [I] (Jaluit [I]); USA [I] (Delaware [I], Massachusetts [I], North Carolina [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], South Carolina [I], Virginia [I])

36 chi 38 JAP KOR NKO 62 mrs 75 usa 78 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus pinaster Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2218 (1838) non Aiton

= Pinus sylvestris Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 274 (1784) (non L. 1753)

= Pinus thunbergiana Franco; Anais Inst. Super. Agron. 16: 130 (1949)

= Pinus thunbergii f. multicaulis Uyeki; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 17 (1938)

= Pinus thunbergii var. oculus-draconis Mayr; Monogr. Abietin. Japan. Reich. 98 (1890)

= Pinus thunbergii var. pendula Mayr; Monogr. Abietin. Japan. Reich. 89 (1890)

species :

Pinus torreyana Parry ex Torr.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 210, t. 58 (1859)

subspecies :

subsp. torreyana

Name: Torrey pine, Soledad pine, Del Mar pine

Distribution: W-USA (SW-California: San Diego Co., Santa Barbara Co.)

76 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Ponderosae

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus lophosperma Lindl.; Gard. Chron. 1860: 46 (1860)

subspecies :

subsp. insularis J.R.Haller; Syst. Bot. 11(1): 45 (1986)

Name: Santa Cruz Island Torr. pine

Distribution: USA (California Channel Isl.: Santa Rosa Island)

76 USA

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus torreyana var. insularis (Haller) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 64 (1990)

species :

Pinus tropicalis Morelet; Rev. Hort. Côte d´Or, Sér. 4, 1: 106 (1855), et in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Moselle 7: 97-101 (1885)

Name: Pino, Pino blanco, Pino de Cuba, Pino hembra (Cuba)

Distribution: China [I]; W-Cuba (incl. Isla de la Juventud)

36 chi 81 CUB

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus cubensis var. terthrocarpa Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 217 (1866)

= Pinus terthrocarpa (Griseb.) Shaw; Trees & Shrubs [Sargent] 149 (1903)

species :

Pinus vallartensis Pérez de la Rosa & Gernandt; Phytotaxa 331(2): 234 (2017)

Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco)

79 MEX

Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unconfirmed

species :

Pinus virginiana Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 9 (1768)

Name: Virginia pine, scrub pine, Jersey pine.

Distribution: China [I]; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario); USA (Alabama, District of Columbia, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)

36 chi 71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Trifolius, Subsect. Contortae

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus ruthenica Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 471 (1867)

= Pinus turbinata Bosc ex Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 975 (1842)

= Pinus variabilis Lamb.; Descr. Pinus [Lambert] 1: 25, t. 16 (1803)

= Pinus inops Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 367 (1789), nom. illeg.

species :

Pinus wallichiana A.B.Jacks.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 85 (1938)

Name: Blue pine (EN)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I]); Hungary [c]; Italy [I]; Slovenia [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [c]; Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); China (NW-Yunnan); S-Tibet; Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, etc.); Myanmar (Kachin); USA [I] (Illinois [I])

10 grb ire 11 hun 13 ita kos slv SRB 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA 74 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus chylla Lodd.; Cat. Pl. [Loddiges] 1836: 50 (1836), nomen

= Pinus dicksonii Carrière; Traite Gen. Conif. 300 (1855) (pro syn.)

= Pinus excelsa Wall. ex D.Don; Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 1, 2: 5, t. 3 (1824)

= Pinus griffithii McClell.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 17 (1854) (nom. provis.)

= Pinus nepalensis Chambr.; Traite Arbr. Resin. Conif. 342 (1845) (non Forbes 1839)

= Pinus wallichiana subsp. manangensis (H.Ohba & M.Suzuki) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 36 (2009)

= Pinus wallichiana var. manangensis H.Ohba & M.Suzuki; Bull. Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo 31 (Himalayan Pl. 1): 350 (1988)

variant :

var. parva K.C.Sahni; Indian J. Forest. 12(1): 40 (1989)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus arunachalensis R.C.Srivast.; Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Pl. Biol. 4(5): 86 (2017), nom. nov.

= Pinus parva (K.C.Sahni) R.C.Srivast.; Indian J. Pl. Sci. (Jaipur) 2(1): 41 (2013)

= Pinus wallichiana subsp. parva (K.C.Sahni) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 36 (2009)

species :

Pinus wangii Hu & W.C.Cheng; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 191 (1948)

subspecies :

subsp. wangii

Name: Wang pine

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan, W-Guangxi, S-Guizhou); N-Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Remarks: Subgen. Strobus, Sect. Quinquefolius

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus parviflora var. wangii (Hu & W.C.Cheng) Eckenw.; Conifers World 647 (2009)

subspecies :

subsp. varifolia (Nan Li & Y.C.Zhong) Businský; Acta Pruhon. 68: 11 (1999)

Distribution: N-Vietnam

41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus kwangtungensis var. varifolia Nan Li & Y.C.Zhong; Novon 7: 262 (1997)

= Pinus wangii var. varifolia (Nan Li & Y.C.Zhong) Aver.; Turczaninowia 18(1): 15 (2015)

= Pinus fenzeliana subsp. varifolia (Nan Li & Y.C.Zhong) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 38 (2009)

species :

Pinus yunnanensis Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 253 (1899)

Name: Yunnan pine

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, SE-Yunnan, SW-Sichuan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Remarks: Subgen. Pinus, Sect. Pinus, Subsect. Pinus

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus densata var. pygmaea Hsueh ex C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 85 (1975)

= Pinus insularis var. tenuifolia (W.C.Cheng & Y.W.Law) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 51 (1990)

= Pinus insularis var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 52 (1984)

= Pinus kesiya subsp. yunnanensis (Franch.) Businský; Acta Pruhon. 68: 24 (1999)

= Pinus sinensis var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Shaw; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 17 (1914)

= Pinus tabuliformis var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.; Handb. Conif. [Dallimore & Jackson], ed. 3: 563 (1948)

= Pinus yunnanensis subsp. tenuifolia (W.C.Cheng & Y.W.Law) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 37 (2009)

= Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia W.C.Cheng & Y.W.Law ex C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 85 (1975)

variant :

var. pygmaea (Hsueh) Hsueh; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 258 (1978)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus yunnanensis subsp. pygmaea (Hsueh ex C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 36 (2009)

= Pinus tabuliformis var. pygmaea (Hsueh) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 63 (1990)

species :

Pinus ×ascendens Businský; Phyton (Horn) 50(1): 51(fig.6) [nothosubsp.]

subspecies :

subsp. ascendens

Distribution: ?Germany; Switzerland

11 SWI

Remarks: Pinus mugo x uncinata

subspecies :

subsp. skalickyi Businský; Phyton (Horn) 50(1): 52 (-53) [nothosubsp.]

Distribution: Czech Republic

11 CZE

species :

Pinus ×attenuradiata Stockw. & Righter; Madroño 8: 160 (1946)

Distribution: W-USA (California)

76 USA

Remarks: Pinus attenuata x Pinus radiata

species :

Pinus ×banatica (Georgescu & Ionescu) Georgescu & Ionescu; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 41: 183 (1936)

Distribution: Slovenia

13 SLV

Conservation Status: IUCN I

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus nigra var. banatica Georgescu & Ionescu; Analele Inst. Cercet. Exp. Forest. 1: 129 (1935)

species :

Pinus ×celakovskyorum Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 1: 230 (1897)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern)

11 GER

Remarks: Pinus mugo x sylvestris

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus ×celakovskyorum f. coerulea Bertsch; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 12 (1906)

= Pinus ×celakovskyorum f. heterophylla Bertsch; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 11 (1906)

= Pinus ×celakovskyorum f. viridis Bertsch; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 11 (1906)

species :

Pinus ×cerambycifera Businský; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125(1): 13 (2003)

Distribution: China (Anhui)

36 CHI

species :

Pinus ×critchfieldii Businský; Feddes Repert. 123(3): 212 (2013)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Pinus ×densithunbergii Uyeki; Sci. Rep. Matsuyama Agric. Coll. 10(Not. Pl. Lign. Sikok. 2): 6 (1953)

Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP KOR

Remarks: Pinus densiflora x P. thunbergii

species :

Pinus ×digenea Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 3: 77 (1888)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Austria

11 AUT GER

Remarks: Pinus rotundata x sylvestris

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus ×digenea f. lucida Bertsch; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 10 (1906)

= Pinus ×digenea f. pedunculata Bertsch; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 10 (1906)

= Pinus ×digenea f. subconica Bertsch; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 11 (1906)

= Pinus ×digenea f. submontana Bertsch; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 11 (1906)

= Pinus ×digenea Wettst.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 108 (1889), nom. illeg.

= Pinus ×rhaetica nothosubsp. digenea (Beck) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 3 (1890)

= Pinus ×suevica Bertsch; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 10 (1906)

= Pinus ×wettsteinii Fritsch; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 153 (1889)

species :

Pinus ×funebris Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 20: 117 (1901)

Distribution: Russian Far East; China

31 RFE 36 CHI

Remarks: Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. x Pinus sylvestris L.

species :

Pinus ×hakkodensis Makino; Fl. Japan. [Makino & Nemoto], ed. 2: 148 (1931)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Hokkaido)

38 JAP

Remarks: Pinus parviflora var. pentaphylla x P. pumila

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus pentaphylla var. hakkodensis (Makino) Kusaka; Conif. Jap. Ill., ed. 2: 151 (1954)

species :

Pinus ×hayatana Businský; Willdenowia 34(1): 245 (2004)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Pinus ×hunnewelli Alb.G.Johnson; J. Arnold Arbor. 33: 183 (1952)

Distribution: USA (Massachusetts)

75 USA

species :

Pinus ×istratovae L.V.Orlova; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 23 (2001)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Pinus ×jigongshanensis T.B.Chao, Zhi X.Chen & H.T.Dai; Select. Pap. Zhao Tianbang 8 (2021)

Distribution: China (Henan)

36 CHI

species :

Pinus ×litvinovii L.V.Orlova; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 36 (2001)

Distribution: Siberia (Chita)

30 SIB

species :

Pinus ×murraybanksiana Righter & Stockw.; Madroño 10: 69 (1949), hybr. artef.

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan)

71 CDN

Remarks: Pinus banksiana x Pinus contorta

species :

Pinus ×neilreichiana Reichardt; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 26: 461 (1876)

Distribution: Austria

11 AUT

Remarks: Pinus sylvestris x P. nigra

species :

Pinus ×naxiorum Businský; Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 11 (2008)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Pinus ×rhaetica Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, N. F. 23-24: 121 (1880)

Distribution: Germany; Austria; Czech Republic; etc.

11 AUT CZE GER

Remarks: Pinus mugo ssp. mugo x Pinus sylvestris

Synonyms: hidden

= Pinus ×bougetii Flous; Enzykl. Holzgewächse [Roloff et al.], 58. Erg. Lief.: 12 (2011), nom. inval.

= Pinus ×rhaetica var. bolosii Rivas Mart., M.J.Costa & P.Soriano; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 705 (2002) [nothovar.]

= Pinus ×rhaetica var. borgiae Rivas Mart., M.J.Costa & P.Soriano; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 705 (2002) [nothovar.]

= Pinus ×rhaetica var. christii Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, N. F. 29: 176 (1886)

= Pinus ×rhaetica var. heerii Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, N. F. 29: 175 (1886)

= Pinus ×rhaetica var. pyramidalis Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, N. F. 29: 175 (1886)

species :

Pinus ×saportae Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 368 (1913)

subspecies :

subsp. saportae

Distribution: France

12 FRA

subspecies :

subsp. currasii P.P.Ferrer, E.Laguna, R.Roselló & Peris; Fl. Montiber. 88: 45 (2024) [nothosubsp.]

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

species :

Pinus ×sondereggeri H.H.Chapm. ex Sudw.; Check List For. Trees U.S., ed. 2: 22 (1927)

Distribution: USA (Louisiana, North Carolina, Texas)

77 USA 78 USA

Remarks: Pinus palustris x Pinus taeda

species :

Pinus ×taihangshanensis Hu & T.Y.Yao; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 6: 167 (1935)

Distribution: China (Hunan)

36 CHI

species :

Pinus ×transamericana Businský; Feddes Repert. 123(3): 210 (2013)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.10 (Oct. 12th, 2025)

Covering 357,450 accepted species,
8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,
**in total 1,419,285* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Contact

How to Cite:

Realization

Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (6)

Genus (11)

Display options

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.10 (Oct. 12th, 2025)

Covering 357,450 accepted species,8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,in total 1,419,285* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 357,450 accepted species,
8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,
**in total 1,419,285* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]