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034.0000 Family Dryopteridaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 9: 15 (1949), nom. cons.
26 genera, ca. 2100 spp. Phylogeny: Zuo et al. (2024), Regalado et al. (2024)
Species listed in database: 2173; hybrids: 202
= Aspidiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 324, 1156 (1835), nom. illeg.
= Aspidiaceae Mett. ex A.B.Frank; Syn. Pflanzenk., ed. 2, 3: 1469 (1877), nom. illeg.
= Bolbitidaceae (Pic.Serm.) Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 15 (1978)
= Elaphoglossaceae Pic.Serm.; Webbia 23: 209 (1968)
= Filicaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 14 (1789), as ´Filices´, nom. illeg., rej.
= Peranemataceae (C.Presl) Ching; Sunyatsenia 5: 246 (1940), nom. rej.
034.2001 Genus Pleocnemia C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 182 (1836)
Distribution: NE-India, SE-China, Taiwan through Malesia to Samoa
Species listed in database: 20; hybrids: 1
= Arcypteris Underw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 678 (1903)
= Dictyopteris C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 194 (1836)
species :
Pleocnemia acuminata Holttum; Reinwardtia 1: 182 (1951)
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
species :
Pleocnemia andaiensis (Baker) Holttum; Kew Bull. 29: 350 (1974)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Arcypteris gigantea Holttum; Reinwardtia 1: 195 (1951)
= Aspidium andaiense (Baker) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 64 (1905)
= Dictyopteris andaiensis (Baker) Alderw.; Malayan Ferns 514 (1909)
= Nephrodium giganteum Ces.; Rendiconti Reale Accad. Sci. Fis. 16: 15 (1877), nom. illeg.
= Polypodium andaiense Baker; Malesia [Beccari] 3: 45 (1886)
= Tectaria andaiensis (Baker) C.Chr.; Index Filic., Suppl. Tert. 176 (1934)
species :
Pleocnemia brongniartii (Bory) Holttum; Kew Bull. 29: 350 (1974)
Distribution: Philippines (S-Luzon, Sibuyan); New Guinea (Waigeu Isl.)
42 NWG PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Arcypteris brongniartii (Bory) Holttum; Reinwardtia 1: 195 (1951)
= Aspidium brongniartii (Bory) Diels; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] I, 4: 186 (1899), non Ettingsh. (1864)
= Dictyopteris brongniartii (Bory) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 47: 199 (1933)
= Dictyopteris pteroides (C.Presl) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 194, t. 8, f. 6, 13 (1836)
= Phegopteris brongniartii (Bory) Mett.; Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 2(2) [Pheg. u. Asp.]: 31, no. 66 (1858)
= Polypodium brongniartii Bory; Voy. Monde, Crypt. 1: 263, t. 34 (1828)
= Polypodium pteroides C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 25, t. 4, f. 4 (1825) (non Retz. (1791))
= Tectaria irregularis var. brongniartii (Bory) Copel.; (1907)
species :
Pleocnemia conjugata (Blume) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 6 [Epim. Bot.]: 259 (1851)
Distribution: Andaman Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah); Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
41 AND MYA THA 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SUL SUM
Conservation Status: IUCN EN for India (Fraser-Jenkins 2012)
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium conjugatum Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 169 (1828)
= Pleocnemia conjugata var. elatior Holttum; Reinwardtia 1: 179 (1951)
= Pleocnemia fimbrillifera Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 2, 16: 28 (1914)
= Pleocnemia javanica C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 6 [Epim. Bot.]: 50 (1851)
= Tectaria fimbrillifera (Alderw.) C.Chr.; Index Filic., Suppl. Tert. 179 (1934)
species :
Pleocnemia cumingiana C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 6 [Epim. Bot.]: 50 (1851)
Distribution: ?Bangladesh; Myanmar; peninsular Malaysia; Sulawesi; Philippines; Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Ternate); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Hanover); Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Ovalau, Taveuni); American Samoa (Tutuila, Ta´u)
41 MYA 42 MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL 43 BIS 60 ASA FIJ
Remarks: some authors include this in P. rufinervis
Synonyms: hidden
= Alsophila gazellae Kuhn; Forschungsr. Gazelle, Bot. Alg. 4, Farne 13 (1889) (fide Holttum)
= Aspidium angilogense Christ; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 1003 (1906)
= Aspidium chrysotrichum (Baker) Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 352 (1896)
= Aspidium leuzeanum var. alsophiloides Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 353 (1897)
= Cyathea gazellae (Kuhn) Domin; Pteridophyta 262 (1929)
= Dryopteris chrysotricha (Baker) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 257 (1905)
= Nephrodium chrysotrichum Baker; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 5: 328 (1891) (non Aspidium chrysotrichum Christ)
= Pleocnemia chrysotricha (Baker) Holttum; Reinwardtia 1: 187 (1951)
= Pleocnemia leuzeana var. angilogensis (Christ) Alderw.; Malayan Ferns 810 (1908)
= Pleocnemia porphyrocaulos Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 6: 215 (1922)
= Polypodium pubigerum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7078 (1832), nomen
= Tectaria chrysotricha (Baker) C.Chr.; Index Filic., Suppl. Tert. 178 (1934)
= Tectaria porphyrocaulis (Alderw.) C.Chr.; Index Filic., Suppl. Tert. 183 (1934)
species :
Pleocnemia dahlii (Hieron.) Holttum; Fl. Males., Ser. 2, Pterid. 2(1): 20 (1991)
Distribution: Sulawesi; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Solomon Isl. (Gizo, Guadalcanal, Santa Ysabel, Kolombangara, Makira, Malaita, Nggela Sule, Rendova, Nggatokae); Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu
42 NWG SUL 43 BIS SOL 60 SCZ VAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium dahlii (Hieron.) Diels; Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 116 (1901)
= Dictyopteris dahlii (Hieron.) Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 2, 7: 11 (1912)
= Phegopteris dahlii Hieron.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 84 (1898)
= Pleocnemia dimidiolobata Holttum; Reinwardtia 1: 184, f. 16-17 (1951)
= Pleocnemia leuzeana var. echinocarpa Rosenst.; (1912)
= Pleocnemia tripinnata Holttum; Reinwardtia 1: 185, f. 18-19 (1951)
= Tectaria dahlii (Hieron.) C.Chr.; Index Filic., Suppl. Tert. 178 (1934)
species :
Pleocnemia elegans (Copel.) Holttum; Kew Bull. 29: 348 (1974)
Distribution: Fiji (Vanua Levu, Viti Levu)
60 FIJ
Synonyms: hidden
= Tectaria elegans Copel.; Sargentia 1: 3 (1942)
species :
Pleocnemia hemiteliiformis (Racib.) Holttum; Reinwardtia 1: 179, f. 11 (1951)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Sarawak, E-Kalimantan); Brunei; Sulawesi; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
41 THA 42 BOR BRN JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium hemiteliiforme (Racib.) Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 2, 11: 7 (1913), pro syn.
= Dictyopteris compitalis Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 5: 194 (1922)
= Dictyopteris hemiteliiformis Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 2, 11: 7 (1913)
= Pleocnemia leuzeana var. hemiteliiformis Racib.; Pteridoph. Buitenzorg 194 (1898)
= Tectaria compitalis (Alderw.) C.Chr.; Index Filic., Suppl. Tert. 178 (1934)
= Tectaria hemiteliiformis (Alderw.) C.Chr.; Index Filic., Suppl. Tert. 180 (1934)
species :
Pleocnemia irregularis (C.Presl) Holttum; Kew Bull. 29: 347 (1974)
Distribution: India (Assam State, Mizoram, Tripura); Bangladesh; S-Myanmar (Tenasserim); Thailand (widespread); Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak); Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok, Bali); Moluccas (Seram, etc.); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Hanover, Admiralty Isl.); Solomon Isl. (Santa Ysabel, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Pavuvu, Vangunu, Guadalcanal, Makira, Malaita, Santa Ysabel); Vanuatu; Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Taveuni); Wallis & Futuna (Futuna); American Samoa (Tutuila); Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Ngarakabesang)
40 BAN IND 41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SNG SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 60 ASA FIJ VAN WAL 62 PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Arcypteris difformis (Blume) Underw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 678 (1903)
= Arcypteris irregularis (C.Presl) Ching; Sunyatsenia 3: 251 (1940)
= Aspidium difforme Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 160 (1828)
= Aspidium irregulare (C.Presl) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 78 (1905)
= Campyloneurum difforme (Blume) T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 224 (1861)
= Dictyopteris difformis (Blume) T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 90 (1858)
= Dictyopteris irregularis (C.Presl) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 194, t. 8, f. 7 (1836)
= Dictyopteris whitfordii Alderw.; Malayan Ferns 519 (1909)
= Drynaria coadunata Brack.; U.S. Expl. Exped., Filic. 16: 49 (1854)
= Lastrea confluens T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 88 (1858)
= Phegopteris difformis (Blume) Mett.; Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. 84, t. 25, f. 8 (1856)
= Phegopteris irregularis (C.Presl) Luerss.; Filic. Graeff. 172 (1871), isonym
= Phegopteris irregularis (C.Presl) Mett.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 226 (1863)
= Pleopeltis coadunata T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 345 (1862)
= Polypodium confertum Roxb.; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 493 (1844)
= Polypodium confluens Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 325 (1829), nomen
= Polypodium difforme (Blume) Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 135 (1828)
= Polypodium eximium Kunze; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 424 (1846)
= Polypodium fecundum Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 5 (1844)
= Polypodium irregulare C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 25, t. 4, f. 3 (1825)
= Polypodium multiflorum Roxb.; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 493 (1844) (non Roth 1797)
= Sagenia difformis (Blume) Christ; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 20: 109 (1905)
= Tectaria irregularis (C.Presl) Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 2: 416 (1907)
species :
Pleocnemia leuzeana (Gaudich.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 184, t. 7, f. 12 (1836)
Distribution: Taiwan; Vietnam; Borneo (Sabah); Sulawesi; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Sumbawa, Flores, Alor); Moluccas (Seram); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl.); Solomon Isl. (Guadalcanal, Kolombangara, Makira, Vella Lavella); Vanuatu; Niue; Fiji (Viti Levu); [Western] Samoa (Savai´i, ´Upolu); ?American Samoa
38 TAI 41 VIE 42 BOR LSI MOL NWG SUL 43 BIS SOL 60 FIJ NUE SAM VAN
Remarks: listed as P. rufinervis by Knapp (Ferns of Taiwan, 2011 ff.). Some authors include P. rufinervis as synonym into P. cumingiana
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium leuzeanum (Gaudich.) Kunze; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 474 (1846)
= Aspidium rufinerve (Hayata) Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30: 450 (1911), et Ic. Pl. Formos. 8: 141, f. 67-68 (1919)
= Dryopteris leuzeana (Gaudich.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 813 (1891)
= Dryopteris rufinervis Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30: 420 (1911)
= Nephrodium leuzeanum (Gaudich.) C.B.Clarke; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 1: 535 (1880), isonym
= Nephrodium leuzeanum (Gaudich.) Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W.J.Hooker] 4: 61 (1862)
= Pleocnemia rufinervis (Hayata) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 47: 163 (1933)
= Polypodium leuzeanum Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet], Bot. 361 (1829)
= Tectaria leuzeana (Gaudich.) Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 2: 417 (1907)
species :
Pleocnemia macrodonta (C.Presl ex Fée) Holttum; Kew Bull. 29: 348 (1974)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak); Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Sibuyan, Mindoro); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl., New Britain)
42 BOR NWG PHI SUL 43 BIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Arcypteris macrodonta (C.Presl ex Fée) Holttum; Reinwardtia 1: 194 (1951)
= Aspidium macrodon (C.Presl ex Reinw.) Keyserl.; Polyp. Herb. Bunge 40 (1873)
= Aspidium whitfordii Copel.; Fragm. Fl. Philipp. [Perkins] 176 (1905)
= Dictyopteris cumingiana C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 6 [Epim. Bot.]: 61 (1851), nomen
= Dictyopteris macrodon C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 194 (1836), nomen
= Dictyopteris macrodonta C.Presl ex Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.) 267 (1852) (macrodon)
= Phegopteris macrodonta (C.Presl ex Fée) Mett.; Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 2(2) [Pheg. u. Asp.]: 31, no. 68 (1858)
= Polypodium cumingianum C.Presl ex Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W.J.Hooker] 5: 103 (1864)
= Polypodium macrodon C.Presl ex Reinw.; Syn. Fil. [W.J.Hooker & Baker], ed. 2: 318 (1867)
= Tectaria cumingiana (C.Presl ex Hook.) C.Chr. ex Tardieu & C.Chr.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 7: 96 (1938)
= Tectaria irregularis var. macrodon Copel.; (1907)
= Tectaria macrodus (C.Presl ex Reinw.) C.Chr.; Index Filic., Suppl. Tert. 181 (1934)
species :
Pleocnemia megaphylla Holttum; Kew Bull. 29: 357 (1974)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Conservation Status: Known only from type
species :
Pleocnemia milnei E.Fourn.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 18: 299 (1873), nom. illeg., non Nephrodium milnei Hook. (1861)
Distribution: Vanuatu
60 VAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium viridans Mett. ex Kuhn; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 578 (1869)
= Hemitelia laciniata Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(1): 126 (1827)
species :
Pleocnemia nesiotica (Holttum) H.G.Zhao & S.Y.Dong; Phytotaxa 202(1): 46 (2015)
Distribution: New Guinea (Louisiade Arch.: Goodenough Isl.)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tectaria nesiotica Holttum; Blumea 35(2): 553 (1991)
species :
Pleocnemia olivacea (Copel.) Holttum; Reinwardtia 1: 181 (1951)
Distribution: Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Sarawak, E-Kalimantan); Brunei; ?Java
42 BOR BRN SNG SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium olivaceum (Copel.) C.Chr.; Index Filic., Suppl. Prelim. 5 (1917)
= Dictyopteris olivacea (Copel.) Alderw.; Malayan Ferns Fern Allies, Suppl. 517 (1917)
= Tectaria olivacea Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 9: 228 (1914)
species :
Pleocnemia pleiotricha Holttum; Reinwardtia 1: 182, f. 12-13 (1951)
Distribution: S-Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, E-Kalimantan)
42 BOR SUM
species :
Pleocnemia presliana Holttum; Reinwardtia 1: 183, f. 14-15 (1951)
Distribution: Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Leyte, Mindanao)
42 PHI PLW SUL
species :
Pleocnemia seranensis Holttum; Reinwardtia 1: 187 (1951)
Distribution: Moluccas (Seram, Halmaheira); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 MOL NWG
species :
Pleocnemia siamensis X.G.Xu & Li Bing Zhang; Phytotaxa 289(1): 88 (2016)
Distribution: S-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Pleocnemia submembranacea (Hayata) Tagawa & K.Iwats.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26: 61 (1974)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan, Hongkong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian); Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; NE-India (Assam State, Arunachal Pradesh, ?Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin, etc.); N-Thailand; Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 LAO MYA THA VIE
Remarks: valid name fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2015)
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium submembranaceum Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4: 188, f. 126 (1914)
= Pleocnemia hamata Ching & Chu H.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(1): 125 (1981)
= Pleocnemia kwangsiensis Ching & Chu H.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(1): 125 (1981)
= Pleocnemia winitii Holttum; Reinwardtia 1: 181 (1951), nom. nov.
species :
Pleocnemia ×intermedia Holttum; Kew Bull. 29: 349 (1974)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak); Sulawesi
42 BOR SUL
Remarks: Pleocnemia irregularis x ?P. olivacea
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

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