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465.0000 Family Apiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 21 (1836), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 460 - 480 genera, ca. 3900 spp. Phylogeny still partially incomplete, taken from recent partial revisions (Downie et al. etc.), and Clarkson et al. (2021) who do cover only 290 genera. Genus circumscriptions mostly following Kubitzki (ed., 2018)
Species listed in database: 3909; hybrids: 17
= Actinotaceae Konstant. & Melikyan; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 90: 1763 (2005)
= Ammiaceae Bercht. & C.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Angelicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 29 (1820)
= Bupleuraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 258 (1820)
= Caucalidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Coriandraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 773, 783, 1093, 1128 (1835)
= Daucaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 183 (1820)
= Eryngiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Ferulaceae Sacc.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 4: 214 (1872)
= Imperatoriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 328 (1820)
= Lagoeciaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Mackinlayaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: lii (2001)
= Pastinacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 457 (1820)
= Pimpinellaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 258 (1820)
= Saniculaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Scandicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Selinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Sileraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Smyrniaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 773, 1093, 1128 (1835)
= Umbelliferae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 218 (1789), nom. cons.
465.7801 Genus Pleurospermum Hoffm.; Gen. Umbellif. p. viii (1814)
Distribution: (s. str.) temp. Eurasia. New circumscription see Peng et al. (2023). Several species still listed here need transfer into another genera.
Species listed in database: 19
= Physospermum Lag.; Amen. Nat. Españ. 2: 97 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Tropentis Raf.; Good Book 59 (1840)
species :
Pleurospermum albimarginatum H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21(588-600): 243 (1925)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, not covered in the revision of Peng et al. 2023
species :
Pleurospermum austriacum (L.) Hoffm.; Gen. Pl. Umbell. [Hoffmann] 10 (1814)
Name: Österreichischer Rippensame (DE)
Distribution: Sweden; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Estonia; Belarus; Ukraine
10 SWE 11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT ROM SRB 14 BLR EST UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligusticum archangelica Geners. ex DC.; [Fl. Scep. Elench. n. 252] Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 244 (1830)
= Ligusticum austriacum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 250 (1753)
= Ligusticum gmelinii Vill.; Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 24 (1779)
= Ligusticum grandiflorum Moench ex Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 276 (1809), nom. illeg.
= Ligusticum hacquetii Guss.; Pl. Rar. Neapol. [Gussone] 132 (1826)
= Physospermum gussonei Lag.; Amen. Nat. Españ. 2: 97 (1821)
= Pleurospermum grandiflorum Moench ex Wender.; Fl. Hassiaca [Wenderoth] 85 (1846), nom. illeg.
= Pleurospermum lithuanicum Downar; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(1): 180 (1861)
= Pleurospermum uralense Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11(1): 93 (1838) 17: 753 (1844) (non Hoffm.)
= Selinum pleurospermum E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 12: 78 (1904), nom. illeg.
= Thysselinum grandiflorum Moench; Methodus [Moench] 85 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Tropentis sibiricum Raf.; Good Book 59 (1840)
species :
Pleurospermum benthamii (Wall. ex DC.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 703 (1879)
Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; India (Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh); N-Myanmar (Kachin)
40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hymenidium benthamii (Wall. ex DC.) Pimenov & Kljuykov; Feddes Repert. 111(7-8): 543 (2000)
= Hymenolaena benthamii Wall. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 246 (1830)
= Ligusticum benthamii Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 17, no. 542 (1829), nomen
species :
Pleurospermum cristatum H.Boissieu; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 434 (1906)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Hymenidium cristatum (H.Boissieu) Pimenov & Kljuykov; Feddes Repert. 111(7-8): 542 (2000)
species :
Pleurospermum davidii Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 8: 247 (1885 publ. 1886)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal
36 CHI TIB 40 NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Hymenidium davidii (Franch.) Pimenov & Kljuykov; Feddes Repert. 111(7-8): 542 (2000)
= Pleurospermum franchetianum Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29(202): 307-308 (1893)
= Pleurospermum grandifolium H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 244 (1925)
= Pleurospermum longipetiolatum H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 242 (1925)
= Pleurospermum pilgerianum Fedde ex H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27(726-733): 121 (1929)
= Pleurospermum rockii Fedde ex H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27(726-733): 120 (1929)
= Pleurospermum tanacetifolium H.Wolff; Acta Horti Gothob. 2: 293 (1926)
species :
Pleurospermum decurrens Franch.; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 8(6): 138 (1894)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, Sichuan); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Hymenidium decurrens (Franch.) Pimenov & Kljuykov; Feddes Repert. 111(7-8): 542 (2000)
species :
Pleurospermum foetens Franch.; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 8(6): 140 (1894)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Hymenidium foetens (Franch.) Pimenov & Kljuykov; Feddes Repert. 111(7-8): 544 (2000)
= Pleurospermum dielsianum Fedde ex H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27(726-733): 121-122 (1929) (p. p.)
species :
Pleurospermum giraldii Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 492-493 (1900)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Remarks: needs transfer in a new genus close to Pachypleurum
Synonyms: hidden
= Hymenidium giraldii (Diels) Pimenov & Kljuykov; Feddes Repert. 111(7-8): 548 (2000)
= Pleurospermum limprichtii H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 477 (1922)
species :
Pleurospermum heracleifolium Franch. ex H.Boissieu; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 433 (1906)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, Sichuan); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Hymenidium heracleifolium (Franch. ex H.Boissieu) Pimenov & Kljuykov; Feddes Repert. 111(7-8): 543 (2000)
species :
Pleurospermum hookeri C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2(6): 705 (1879)
Distribution: NE-Afghanistan (Wakhan); China (NW-Yunnan, Qinghai, Sichuan); SE-Tibet; Pakistan (Swat, Kohistan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Chumbi, Ladakh, Rupshu, Zanskar, Ladakh)
34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK
Remarks: needs transfer in a new genus close to Pachypleurum
Synonyms: hidden
= Aulacospermum hookeri (C.B.Clarke) Farille & S.B.Malla; Candollea 40(2): 525 (1985)
= Hymenidium hookeri (C.B.Clarke) Pimenov & Kljuykov; Feddes Repert. 111(7-8): 547 (2000)
= Pleurospermum hookeri var. haidongense J.T.Pan; Fl. Qinghaiica 2: 434 (1999)
= Pleurospermum wolffianum Fedde ex H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27(726-733): 119 (1929)
variant :
var. thomsonii C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 705 (1879)
Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Aulacospermum hookeri var. thomsonii (C.B.Clarke) Karthik. & Moorthy; Fl. Pl. India 101 (2009)
species :
Pleurospermum linearilobum W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8(40): 342-343 (1915)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan, Qinghai)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Hymenidium linearilobum (W.W.Sm.) Pimenov & Kljuykov; Feddes Repert. 111(7-8): 543 (2000)
= Pleurospermum calcareum H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27(726-733): 114 (1929)
species :
Pleurospermum microphyllum H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 242 (1925)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, not covered in the revision of Peng et al. 2023
species :
Pleurospermum microsciadium H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 241 (1925)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, not covered in the revision of Peng et al. 2023
species :
Pleurospermum souliei H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19(546-551): 309-310 (1924) as ´souliaei´
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, not covered in the revision of Peng et al. 2023
species :
Pleurospermum szechenyi Kanitz; Növényt. Gyujtesek Eredm. Grof Szechenyi Bela Keletazsiai Utjabol 25 (1891)
Distribution: China (N-Gansu, E-Qinghai, Sichuan); E-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Hymenidium szechenyi (Kanitz) Pimenov & Kljuykov; Feddes Repert. 111(7-8): 544 (2000)
species :
Pleurospermum tripartitum F.T.Pu, R.Li & H.Li; Nordic J. Bot. 30(2): 178 (2012)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, not covered in the revision of Peng et al. 2023
species :
Pleurospermum uralense Hoffm.; Gen. Umbellif. p. 9: (1814)
Distribution: C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; Siberia (Altay, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, NW-Siberia, SW-Siberia, W-Siberia, N-Yakutia, S-Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Henan); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Laserpitium athamantae Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 624 (1820)
= Ligusticum camtschaticum (Hoffm.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 478 (1821)
= Ligusticum peloponense Falk; Beytr. Topogr. Kenntn. Russ. Reichs 2: 147 (1786)
= Ligusticum retzii Vitman; Summa Pl. 2: 158 (1789)
= Ligusticum uralense (Hoffm.) Helm ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 479 (1821)
= Pleurospermum archangelica Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 1: 369 (1829)
= Pleurospermum austriacum subsp. uralense (Hoffm.) Horn; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 40: 182. 1 (1946), isonym
= Pleurospermum austriacum subsp. uralense (Hoffm.) Sommier; Fl. Ob. Inf. 73 (1893)
= Pleurospermum camtschaticum Hoffm.; Gen. Umbellif. p. x. (1814)
= Pleurospermum gmelinii Bong.; Veg. Sitcha [Bongard] 141 (1833)
= Tropentis retzii (Vitman) Raf.; Good Book 59 (1840)
species :
Pleurospermum wrightianum H.Boissieu; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3(10): 847-848 (1903)
Distribution: China (SE-Qinghai, SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Hymenidium wrightianum (H.Boissieu) Pimenov & Kljuykov; Feddes Repert. 111(7-8): 544 (2000)
= Pleurospermum prattii H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27(726-733): 118 (1929)
species :
Pleurospermum yunnanense Franch.; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 8(6): 137 (1894)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); NE-Myanmar
36 CHI 41 MYA
Remarks: needs transfer in a new genus close to Pachypleurum
Synonyms: hidden
= Hymenidium yunnanense (Franch.) Pimenov & Kljuykov; Feddes Repert. 111(7-8): 550 (2000)
= Pleurospermum pseudoyuennanense H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27(726-733): 118-119 (1929)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life