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512.0000 Family Acanthaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 102 (1789) (´Acanthi´), nom. cons.
ca. 192 genera, ca. 5500 spp. Phylogeny: Manzitto-Tripp et al. 2022
Species listed in database: 5597
= Avicenniaceae Miq.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 353 (1845), nom. cons.
= Justiciaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 60 (1838)
= Mendonciaceae Bremek.; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 56: 540 (1954)
= Meyeniaceae Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Nelsoniaceae (Nees) Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Thunbergiaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 979 (1870)
512.5111 Genus Pogonospermum Hochst.; Flora 27(Bes. Beil.): 5 (1844)
Distribution: tropical Africa. This contains "group II" of the former Monechma.
Species listed in database: 34
= Schwabea Endl.; Nov. Stirp. Dec. [Endlicher & Fenzl] 81 (1839)
species :
Pogonospermum attenuifolium (Vollesen) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 259 (2022)
Distribution: Tanzania; Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MOZ
Remarks: sect. Savannicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia attenuifolia Vollesen; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Acanth. (Part 2) 599 (2010)
species :
Pogonospermum australe (P.G.Mey.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 262 (2022)
Distribution: Namibia; Botswana; South Africa
27 BOT NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia australis (P.G.Mey.) Vollesen; Fl. Zambes. 8(6): 219 (2015)
= Justicia genistifolia subsp. australe (P.G.Mey.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 44(1): 46 (2014)
= Monechma australe P.G.Mey.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 602 (1960)
= Monechma genistifolium subsp. australe (P.G.Mey.) Munday; Fl. S. Africa [ed. L.E.W.Codd et al.] 30(3: 1): 54 (1995)
species :
Pogonospermum calcaratum (Schinz) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 262 (2022)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia namibensis J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 44(1): 46 (2014), nom. nov.
= Monechma calcaratum Schinz; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 61: 441 (1916)
species :
Pogonospermum callothamnum (Munday) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 262 (2022)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia callothamnum (Munday) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 44(1): 46 (2014)
= Monechma callothamnum Munday; S. African J. Bot. 53(2): 140 (1987)
species :
Pogonospermum ciliatum (Jacq.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 259 (2022)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Sierra Leone; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; ?Togo; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad (incl. Tibesti); Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Namibia
22 BKN GAM GHA GNB IVO MLI NGA NGR SEN SIE 23 BUR CAF CMN RWA ZAI 24 CHA ETH SSU SUD 25 TAN UGA 26 MLW ZAM 27 NAM
Remarks: sect. Pogonospermum
Synonyms: hidden
= Beloperone ciliata (Jacq.) Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 422 (1847)
= Dianthera ciliata (Jacq.) Medik.; Beobacht. 9 (1783)
= Dianthera setacea (Kuntze) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 809 (1894)
= Dicliptera ciliaris (L.f.) Willd. ex Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 384 (1847)
= Ecbolium setaceum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 979 (1891)
= Hygrophila lutea T.Anderson; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 22 (1864)
= Justicia buettneri Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: 68 (1894)
= Justicia ciliaris L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 84 (1782), nom. superfl.
= Justicia ciliata Jacq.; Hort. Bot. Vindob. 2: 47 (1772)
= Justicia divaricata Zeyh. ex Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 336 (1847), nom. inval.
= Justicia togoensis Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: 72 (1894)
= Monechma ciliatum (Jacq.) Milne-Redh.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 304 (1934)
= Monechma hispidum Hochst.; Flora 24: 375 (1841)
= Pogonospermum ciliare (L.f.) Hochst.; Flora 27(1. Beibl.): 6 (1844)
= Pogonospermum hispidum (Hochst.) Hochst.; Flora 27(1. Beibl.): 6 (1844)
= Schwabea ciliaris (L.f.) Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 384 (1847), nom. superfl.
= Schwabea modesta Endl.; Nov. Stirp. Dec. [Endlicher & Fenzl] 81 (1839)
= Schwabea spicigera Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 384 (1847)
= Schwabea spicigera var. luxurians Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 384 (1847)
species :
Pogonospermum cleomoides (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 263 (2022)
Distribution: Angola; Namibia
26 ANG 27 NAM
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Ecbolium arenicola (Engl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 980 (1891)
= Justicia arenicola Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 264 (1889)
= Justicia cleomoides S.Moore; J. Bot. 18: 313 (1880)
= Justicia steingroeveri Schinz ex Lindau; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 3b: 349 (1895)
= Justicia tonsum (P.G.Mey.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 44(1): 46 (2014)
= Monechma arenicola (Engl.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 288 (1900)
= Monechma cleomoides (S.Moore) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 220 (1900)
= Monechma tonsum P.G.Mey.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 2: 304 (1957)
species :
Pogonospermum crassiusculum (P.G.Mey.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 263 (2022)
Distribution: SW-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia crassiuscula (P.G.Mey.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 44(1): 46 (2014)
= Monechma crassiusculum P.G.Mey.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 604 (1960)
species :
Pogonospermum cubangense (I.Darbysh. & Goyder) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 261 (2022)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: sect. Tricostatum
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia cubangensis I.Darbysh. & Goyder; Blumea 64(2): 100 (2019)
species :
Pogonospermum depauperatum (T.Anderson) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 259 (2022)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; SW-Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; South Sudan
22 BEN BKN GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 CAF CMN 24 SSU
Remarks: sect. Savannicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Ecbolium barteri (T.Anderson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 979 (1891)
= Ecbolium depauperatum (T.Anderson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 980 (1891)
= Justicia barteri T.Anderson; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 39 (1864)
= Justicia depauperata T.Anderson; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 40 (1864)
= Justicia sexsulcata Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: 67 (1894)
= Monechma depauperatum (T.Anderson) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 217 (1900)
= Monechma marginatum (Lindau) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 217 (1900)
= Nicoteba marginata (Lindau) Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 22: 119 (1895)
species :
Pogonospermum desertorum (Engl.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 263 (2022)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Ecbolium desertorum (Engl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 980 (1891)
= Justicia desertorum Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 263 (1889)
= Monechma desertorum (Engl.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 218 (1900)
species :
Pogonospermum distichotrichum (Lindau) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 264 (2022)
Distribution: S-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia distichotricha Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 357 (1909)
= Monechma distichotrichum (Lindau) P.G.Mey.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 4: 66 (1961)
species :
Pogonospermum divaricatum (Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 263 (2022)
Distribution: Angola; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia (Caprivi Strip); Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 ANG MOZ ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Adhatoda capensis var. arenosa Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 391 (1847)
= Adhatoda divaricata Willd. ex Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 391, 432 (1847)
= Ecbolium villosum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 978 (1891)
= Gendarussa incana var. villosa Nees; Linnaea 15: 368 (1841)
= Justicia divaricata (Nees) T.Anderson; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 42 (1863), nom. illeg.
= Justicia divaricata Willd. ex Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 391 (1847), pro syn.
= Justicia mossamedea S.Moore; J. Bot. 18: 312 (1880)
= Justicia namaensis Schinz; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 31: 202 (1890)
= Justicia nepeta S.Moore; J. Bot. 18: 312 (1880)
= Monechma angustissimum S.Moore; J. Bot. 41: 137 (1903)
= Monechma divaricatum (Willd. ex Nees) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5: 72 (1901)
= Monechma eremum S.Moore; J. Bot. 45: 231 (1907)
= Monechma fimbriatum C.B.Clarke; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5: 72 (1901)
= Monechma floridum C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 219 (1900)
= Monechma namaense (Schinz) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(1): 73 (1901)
= Monechma nepeta (S.Moore) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 219 (1900)
= Monechma nepetoides C.B.Clarke; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5: 73 (1901)
= Monechma quintasii Benoist; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 24: 37 (1950)
= Monechma terminale S.Moore; J. Bot. 46: 75 (1908)
= Ruellia setigera Zeyh. ex Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 391 (1847), nom. inval.
species :
Pogonospermum eriniae (I.Darbysh.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 261 (2022)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia eriniae I.Darbysh.; Blumea 64(2): 101 (2019)
species :
Pogonospermum fanshawei (Vollesen) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 260 (2022)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
Remarks: sect. Virgultorum
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia fanshawei Vollesen; Fl. Zambes. 8(6): 220 (2015)
species :
Pogonospermum genistifolium (Engl.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 264 (2022)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Ecbolium genistifolium (Engl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 487 (1891)
= Ecbolium hereroense (Engl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 980 (1891)
= Justicia genistifolia Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 264 (1889)
= Justicia hereroensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 264 (1889)
= Monechma genistifolium (Engl.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 218 (1900)
= Monechma hereroense (Engl.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 220 (1900)
species :
Pogonospermum glaucifolium (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 261 (2022)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: sect. Tricostatum
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia glaucifolia (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Goyder; Blumea 64(2): 105 (2019)
= Monechma glaucifolium S.Moore; J. Bot. 49: 310 (1911)
species :
Pogonospermum grandiflorum (Schinz) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 264 (2022)
Distribution: C-Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia fleckii J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 44(1): 46 (2014), nom. nov.
= Monechma grandiflorum Schinz; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 61: 442 (1916)
species :
Pogonospermum incanum (Nees) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 264 (2022)
Distribution: Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (North-West Prov., Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 BOT NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Adhatoda incana (Nees) Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 393 (1847)
= Ecbolium incanum (Nees) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 980 (1891)
= Gendarussa incana Nees; Linnaea 15: 367 (1841)
= Justicia capensis E.Mey. ex Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 393 (1847), nom. inval.
= Justicia incana (Nees) T.Anderson; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 42 (1864)
= Monechma incanum (Nees) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5: 69 (1901)
species :
Pogonospermum kasamae (Vollesen) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 265 (2022)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia kasamae Vollesen; Fl. Zambes. 8(6): 222 (2015)
species :
Pogonospermum laetum (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 261 (2022)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: sect. Tricostatum
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia laeta S.Moore; J. Bot. 18: 311 (1880)
= Justicia malangana Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: 71 (1894)
species :
Pogonospermum leucoderme (Schinz) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 264 (2022)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia leucodermis Schinz; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 31: 202 (1890)
= Monechma leucoderme (Schinz) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5: 70 (1901)
species :
Pogonospermum lolioides (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 261 (2022)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: sect. Tricostatum
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia lolioides S.Moore; J. Bot. 18: 310 (1880)
= Monechma lolioides (S.Moore) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 218 (1900)
variant :
var. latifolium (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 261 (2022)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia lolioides var. latifolia S.Moore; J. Bot. 18: 310 (1880)
species :
Pogonospermum mollissimum (Nees) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 264 (2022)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Adhatoda mollissima Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 391 (1847)
= Ecbolium molle (E.Mey.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 980 (1891), nom. inval.
= Gendarussa mollis (E.Mey.) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 3: 525 (1845), nom. inval.
= Justicia dregei J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 44(1): 46 (2014), nom. nov.
= Justicia mollis E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 196 (1843), nomen
= Monechma molle C.B.Clarke; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(1): 69 (1901)
= Monechma mollissimum (Nees) P.G.Mey.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 2: 304 (1957)
species :
Pogonospermum ndellense (Lindau) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 259 (2022)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea; S-Mali; Burkina Faso; Ghana; Togo; Central African Republic; Chad; Sudan
22 BKN GHA GUI MLI SEN TOG 23 CAF 24 CHA SUD
Remarks: sect. Savannicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia ndellensis Lindau; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 52 (1908)
= Monechma ndellense (Lindau) Miege & Heine; Ann. Fac. Sci. Univ. Dakar 6: 121 (1962)
species :
Pogonospermum patulum (Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 265 (2022)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (North-West Prov., N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Adhatoda hyssopifolia Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 392 (1847), nom. illeg.
= Adhatoda patula (Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.) Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 393 (1847)
= Ecbolium atherstonei (T.Anderson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 980 (1891)
= Ecbolium patulum (Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 981 (1891)
= Ecbolium spartioides (T.Anderson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 981 (1891)
= Gendarussa patula (Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.) Nees; Linnaea 15: 367 (1841)
= Justicia atherstonei T.Anderson; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 42 (1863)
= Justicia patula E.Mey. ex Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 392 (1847), nom. inval.
= Justicia patula Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 1: 164 (1817)
= Justicia spartioides T.Anderson; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 43 (1863)
= Monechma atherstonei (T.Anderson) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5: 72 (1901)
= Monechma pseudopatulum C.B.Clarke; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(1): 70 (1901)
= Monechma pseudopatulum var. latifolium C.B.Clarke; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(1): 70 (1901)
= Monechma spartioides (T.Anderson) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5: 72 (1901)
species :
Pogonospermum rigidum (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 261 (2022)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: sect. Tricostatum
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia moorei I.Darbysh. & Goyder; Blumea 64(2): 106 (2019), nom. nov.
= Monechma rigidum S.Moore; J. Bot. 49: 310 (1911)
species :
Pogonospermum robustum (Bond) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 265 (2022)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia karroica J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 44(1): 46 (2014), nom. nov.
= Monechma robustum Bond; J. S. African Bot. 6: 67 (1940)
species :
Pogonospermum salsola (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 265 (2022)
Distribution: Angola; Namibia; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
26 ANG 27 NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Adhatoda densiflora (Hochst.) J.C.Manning; S. African J. Bot. 51: 490 (1985)
= Adhatoda natalensis Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 391 (1847), nom. superfl.
= Duvernoia brevicaulis (S.Moore) Lindau; Kunene-Sambesi-Exped. [Warburg] 381 (1903)
= Ecbolium natalense (Nees) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 980 (1891), nom. superfl.
= Gendarussa densiflora Hochst.; Flora 28: 71 (1845)
= Justicia brevicaulis S.Moore; J. Bot. 18: 341 (1880)
= Justicia conferta J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 49(1)-a2380: 1 (2019), nom. nov.
= Justicia densiflora (Hochst.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 44: 45 (2014), nom. illeg.
= Justicia hoepfneri Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: 66 (1894)
= Justicia natalensis (Nees) T.Anderson; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 38 (1864), nom. superfl.
= Justicia salsola S.Moore; J. Bot. 18: 340 (1880)
= Monechma salsola (S.Moore) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 220 (1900)
species :
Pogonospermum saxatile (Munday) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 265 (2022)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: sect. Aridicola
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia saxatilis (Munday) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 44(1): 46 (2014)
= Monechma saxatile Munday; S. African J. Bot. 3(6): 363 (1984)
species :
Pogonospermum scabridum (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 260 (2022)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia
23 ZAI 26 ANG ZAM
Remarks: sect. Savannicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia marginata Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: 73 (1894)
= Justicia scabrida S.Moore; J. Bot. 18: 310 (1880)
= Monechma scabridum (S.Moore) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 217 (1900)
species :
Pogonospermum serotinum (P.G.Mey.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 262 (2022)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: sect. Serotinum
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia serotina (P.G.Mey.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 44(1): 46 (2014)
= Monechma serotinum P.G.Mey.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 11: 112 (1973)
species :
Pogonospermum subsessile (Oliv.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 260 (2022)
Distribution: E-D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe
23 BUR RWA ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG ZAM ZIM
Remarks: sect. Savannicola
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia nemoralis S.Moore; J. Bot. 47: 296 (1909)
= Justicia simplicispica C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 188 (1900)
= Justicia subsessilis Oliv.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 29: 129 (1875)
= Monechma nemoralis S.Moore; J. Bot. 47: 296 (1909)
= Monechma subsessile (Oliv.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 216 (1900)
species :
Pogonospermum tricostatum (Vollesen) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 262 (2022)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia
25 TAN 26 ZAM
Remarks: sect. Tricostatum
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia tricostata Vollesen; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Acanth. (Part 2) 598 (-599) (2010)
species :
Pogonospermum virgultorum (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel; Kew Bull. 77: 260 (2022)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: sect. Virgultorum
Synonyms: hidden
= Monechma virgultorum S.Moore; J. Bot. 49: 311 (1911)
= Justicia virgultorum (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Goyder; Blumea 64(2): 106 (2019)
= Monechma carrissoi Benoist; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 24: 30 (1950)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life