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346.0000 Family Podostemaceae Rich. ex Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: ed. qu. 246 (1816), nom. cons.
ca. 50 genera, ca. 370 spp. Latest phylogeny: Ruhfeld et al. (2024) who could include only about half of the genera due to DNA extraction problems from herbarium specimens. There are obviously too many species described because the plastic variability of many species (depending on the site conditions) has been underestimated. Many species are known from only 1-2 locations and are extremely threatened by climate changes, river changes, drought, deforestation and other man-made influences.
Species listed in database: 367
= Marathraceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 60, 62 (1829)
= Philocrenaceae Bong.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 3(2): 87 (1834)
= Tristichaceae Willis; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 43: 51 (1915)
346.3015 Genus Polypleurum (Tul.) Warm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., Ser. 6, 11: 64 (1901)
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar [Burma], Thailand
Species listed in database: 19
= Polypleurella Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61(Beibl. 138): 9 (1927)
species :
Polypleurum chinense B.Hua Chen & Miao Zhang; PhytoKeys 199: 171, figs. 1-8 (2022)
Distribution: China (Fujian)
36 CHI
species :
Polypleurum dichotomum (Gardner) J.B.Hall; Kew Bull. 26(1): 131 (1971)
Distribution: S-India (Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Dicraeia apicata Tul.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 204 (1852)
= Dicraeia dichotoma (Gardner) Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 11: 101 (1849)
= Dicraeia longifolia Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 5: t. 1916, f. 4 (1852)
= Dicraeia rigida (Gardner) Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 11: 101 (1849)
= Dicraeia wightii (Gardner) Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 11: 101 (1849)
= Podostemum dichotomum Gardner; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 7: 185 (1847)
= Podostemum rigidum Gardner; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 7: 187 (1847)
= Podostemum wightii Gardner; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 7: 186 (1847)
species :
Polypleurum disciforme C.J.Mathew & Nileena; Pl. Syst. Evol. 237(3-4): 211 (2003)
Distribution: India (Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Polypleurum elongatum (Gardner) J.B.Hall; Kew Bull. 26(1): 131 (1971)
Distribution: India (Kerala); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Podostemum elongatus Gardner; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 7: 188 (1847)
= Dicraeia elongata (Gardner) Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 11: 102 (1849)
species :
Polypleurum erectum M.Kato; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 57(1): 48 (2006)
Distribution: NE-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Polypleurum filifolium (Ramam. & J.Joseph) Nagendran, Arekal & Subramanyam; Pl. Syst. Evol. 128: 217 (1977)
Distribution: India (Kerala)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Dicraea filifolia Ramam. & J.Joseph; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 333 (1965)
= Polypleurum filifolium (Ramam. & J.Joseph) A.S.Rao & Hajra; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 21(1-4): 195 (1979 publ. 1981), isonym
species :
Polypleurum insulare M.Kato & Koi; Gard. Bull. Singapore 61(1): 62 (2009)
Distribution: SE-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Polypleurum longicaule M.Kato; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 57(1): 50 (2006)
Distribution: E-Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Polypleurum rubroradicans M.Kato; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 57(1): 46 (2006)
species :
Polypleurum longifolium M.Kato; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 57(1): 43 (2006)
Distribution: NE-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Polypleurum longistylosum M.Kato; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 57(1): 40 (2006)
Distribution: E-Thailand; Laos
41 LAO THA
species :
Polypleurum munnarense Nagendran & Arekal; Bot. Not. 132(1): 49 (1979)
Distribution: India (Kerala)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Podostemum munnarense (Nagendran & Arekal) C.J.Mathew & Satheesh; Aquatic Bot. 57(1-4): 255 (1997)
species :
Polypleurum phuwuaense M.Kato; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 57(1): 45 (2006)
Distribution: NE-Thailand; Laos
41 LAO THA
species :
Polypleurum pluricostatum Koi & M.Kato; Kew Bull. 67: 340 (2012)
Distribution: NE-Thailand; Laos
41 LAO THA
species :
Polypleurum prachinburiense M.Kato & Koi; Gard. Bull. Singapore 61(1): 60 (2009)
Distribution: E-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Polypleurum prostratum C.J.Mathew & Nileena; Pl. Syst. Evol. 237(3-4): 210 (2003)
Distribution: India (Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Polypleurum schmidtianum Warm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., Ser. 6, 11(1): 4 (1901)
Distribution: E-Thailand; Laos; Cambodia
41 CBD LAO THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Polypleurella schmidtiana Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61(Beibl. 138): 9 (1927)
species :
Polypleurum sisaketense M.Kato & Koi; Gard. Bull. Singapore 61(1): 59 (2009)
Distribution: E-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Polypleurum wallichii (R.Br. ex Griff.) Warm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., Ser. 6, 11(1): 57 (1901)
Distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mandalay, Sagaing); E-Thailand; N-Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
40 BAN IND SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Dicraeia agharkari Nandi; J. Dept. Sci. Calcutta Univ. 1: 41, 42 (1937)
= Dicraeia algaeoides Bedd.; Madras J. Lit. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 54 (1864)
= Dicraeia algiformis Bedd.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 25: 223 (1865)
= Dicraeia minor (Benth & Hook.f.) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 71 (1873)
= Dicraeia pterophylla Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 71 (1873)
= Dicraeia stylosa var. fucoides Willis; (1902)
= Dicraeia stylosa var. laciniata Willis; (1902)
= Dicraeia stylosa Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 5: t. 1917, f. 2 (1852)
= Dicraeia wallichii (R.Br.) Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 11: 101 (1849)
= Dicraeia wallichii var. khasiana Willis; Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya) 1: 216 (1902)
= Lacis wallichii (R.Br.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 2 (1841)
= Podostemum minus (Wedd.) Benth. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 67 (1886)
= Podostemum pterophyllum (Wedd.) Benth. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 67 (1886)
= Podostemum stylosum (Wight) Benth. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 64 (1886)
= Podostemum wallichiana R.Br. ex Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 379 (1854)
= Podostemum wallichii R.Br. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 5225 (1832)
= Polypleurum orientale Tul.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 118 (1852)
= Polypleurum stylosum (Wight) J.B.Hall; Kew Bull. 26(1): 131 (1971)
variant :
var. parvum M.Kato; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 57(1): 37 (2006)
Distribution: C-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Polypleurum wongprasertii M.Kato; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 57(1): 42 (2006)
Distribution: E-Thailand; Cambodia
41 CBD THA
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life