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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.6302 Genus Posoqueria Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 133, t. 51 (1775)
Distribution: Tropical America, Caribbean
Species listed in database: 21
= Cyrtanthus Schreb.; Gen. Pl., ed. 8[a], 1: 122 (1789), nom. illeg.
= Kyrtanthus J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 362 (1791)
= Martha F.J.Müll.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 24: 129 (1866)
= Posoria Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 80 (1820)
= Ramspekia Scop.; Intr. Hist. Nat. 145 (1777)
= Solena Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 514 (1790)
= Stannia H.Karst.; Auswahl Gew. Venez. 27 (1849)
= Willdenovia J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 362 (1791)
species :
Posoqueria acutifolia Mart.; Flora 24(2. Beibl.): 77 (1841)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
species :
Posoqueria bahiensis Macias & Kin.-Gouv.; Novon 13(2): 206 (2003)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Posoqueria calantha Barb.Rodr.; Pl. Jard. Rio de Janeiro 5: 5 (1896)
Distribution: SE-Brazil
84 BRA
Remarks: status uncertain
species :
Posoqueria coriacea M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11 (1): 240 (1844)
subspecies :
subsp. coriacea
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Quindío, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Guyana; Ecuador; NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Brasilia Distrito Federal)
79 MEX 80 COS GUA PAN 82 CLM GUY 83 ECU 84 BRA
subspecies :
subsp. formosa (H.Karst.) Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 330 (1967)
Distribution: Venezuela (Aragua, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcón, Lara, Mérida, Miranda, Portuguesa, Táchira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia)
82 VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Posoqueria coriacea f. huilensis (Standl.) Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 331 (1967)
= Posoqueria formosa (H.Karst.) Planch.; Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 6: 169 (1850 publ. 1851)
= Posoqueria huilensis Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 168 (1930)
= Stannia formosa H.Karst.; Auswahl Gew. Venez. 27 (1848)
subspecies :
subsp. maxima (Standl.) Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 331 (1967)
Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Caldas, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Valle)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Posoqueria maxima Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 57 (1930)
species :
Posoqueria correana C.M.Taylor; Novon 21(1): 124 (2011)
Distribution: Panama
80 PAN
species :
Posoqueria costaricensis C.M.Taylor; Novon 21(1): 125 (2011)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama
80 COS PAN
species :
Posoqueria fragrantissima Linden & André; Ill. Hort. 17: t. 27 (1870)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
species :
Posoqueria grandiflora Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 166 (1928)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama
80 COS PAN
species :
Posoqueria grandifructa Hammel & C.M.Taylor; Novon 21(1): 127 (2011)
Distribution: Nicaragua; Costa Rica
80 COS NIC
species :
Posoqueria laevis C.M.Taylor; Novon 20(4): 478 (2010)
Distribution: Panama
80 PAN
species :
Posoqueria latifolia (Rudge) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 227 (1819)
subspecies :
subsp. latifolia
Name: Cafe de Panama (Puerto Rico)
Distribution: Philippines [c]; Jawa [I]; Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá, Cauca, Chocó, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Putumayo, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Barinas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Portuguesa, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Roraima, Amapá, Pará, Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Paraíba, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)
42 jaw phi 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia suaveolens Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 102 (1825 publ. 1829)
= Martha fragrans F.J.Müll.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 24: 129 (1866)
= Oxyanthus isthmia W.Mill. & L.H.Bailey; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 2419 (1916), nom. subnud.
= Posoqueria decora DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 375 (1830)
= Posoqueria densiflora Hutch.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 57: 306 (1915)
= Posoqueria fragrans (F.J.Müll.) Darwin; Cross & Self-Fertilization of Plants 5 (1876), nom. illeg.
= Posoqueria havanensis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 375 (1830)
= Posoqueria insignis (Schult.) Nees; Flora 4: 301 (1821)
= Posoqueria lucida Mart.; Flora 24(2. Beibl.): 77 (1841)
= Posoqueria macrophylla (Kunth) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 39 (1881)
= Posoqueria macropus Mart.; Flora 24(2. Beibl.): 79 (1841)
= Posoqueria metensis (H.Karst.) Knuth; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 43: 667 (1928)
= Posoqueria multiflora Lem.; Ill. Hort. 16: t. 597 (1869), nom. illeg.
= Posoqueria mutisii (Kunth) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 232 (1936)
= Posoqueria panamensis (Walp. & Duchass.) Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 797 (1852)
= Posoqueria panamensis subsp. grandiflora (H.Karst.) Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 325 (1967)
= Posoqueria revoluta Schrad.; Gött. Gel. Anz. 1: 714 (1821)
= Posoqueria spraguei Wernham; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 66 (1914)
= Solena decora (DC.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 799 (1839)
= Solena havanensis (DC.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 799 (1839)
= Solena latifolia Rudge; Pl. Guian. Rar. 1: 26 (1805)
= Solena revoluta (Schrad.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 799 (1839)
= Stannia grandiflora H.Karst.; Fl. Columb. [Karsten] 1: 31 (1859)
= Stannia metensis H.Karst.; Linnaea 28: 441 (1857)
= Stannia panamensis Walp. & Duchass.; Linnaea 23: 755 (1851)
= Tocoyena havanensis (DC.) A.Rich.; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 2: 8 (1850)
= Tocoyena insignis Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 229 (1819)
= Tocoyena latifolia (Rudge) Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 2: 259 (1819)
= Tocoyena longifolia Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 411 (1820)
= Tocoyena macrophylla Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 412 (1820)
= Tocoyena mutisii Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 411 (1820)
= Tocoyena speciosa Rich.; Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 107 (1792)
= Ucriana humboldtii Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 761 (1824)
= Ucriana insignis (Nees) Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 761 (1824)
= Ucriana macrophylla (Hemsl.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 798 (1839)
= Ucriana mutisii (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 761 (1824)
subspecies :
subsp. gracilis (Rudge) Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 327 (1967)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Pará); NE-Brazil (Maranhão)
82 FRG GUY SUR VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Posoqueria brachyantha Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 120 (1940)
= Posoqueria gracilis (Rudge) Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 227 (1819)
= Solena gracilis Rudge; Pl. Guian. Rar. 27: t. 41 (1805)
= Tocoyena gracilis (Rudge) A.Rich.; Mém. Rubiac. 167 (1830)
species :
Posoqueria laurifolia Mart.; Flora 24(2. Beibl.): 78 (1841)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
species :
Posoqueria longifilamentosa C.M.Taylor; Novon 21(1): 129 (2011)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Posoqueria longiflora Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 134 (1775)
Distribution: Taiwan [I]; Colombia (Amazonas, Meta); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Roraima, Amapá, Pará, Amazonas, Tocantins, Acre); NE-Brazil (Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas); SE-Brazil (Espírito Santo)
38 tai 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Kyrtanthus longiflorus (Aubl.) J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 362 (1791)
= Posoqueria acuminata Mart.; Flora 24 24(2. Beibl.). 79 (1841)
= Solena longiflora (Aubl.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 961 (1798)
= Tocoyena undulatifolia A.Rich.; Mém. Rubiac. 167 (1830)
= Willdenovia schreberi J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 362 (1791)
species :
Posoqueria palustris Mart.; Flora 24(2. Beibl.): 78 (1841)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
species :
Posoqueria platysiphonia Rusby; Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 132 (1920)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó, Magdalena, Quindío)
82 CLM
species :
Posoqueria robusta Hammel & C.M.Taylor; Novon 21(1): 130 (2011)
Distribution: Nicaragua; Costa Rica
80 COS NIC
species :
Posoqueria tarairensis C.M.Taylor & Cortés-Ballén; Novon 9(3): 428 (1999)
Distribution: Colombia (Vaupés)
82 CLM
species :
Posoqueria trinitatis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 375 (1830)
Distribution: Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Trinidad; Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará); NE-Brazil; WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
81 GRE STV TRT 82 FRG GUY SUR 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Posoqueria intermedia Miq.; Linnaea 19: 135 (1846)
= Solena trinitatis (DC.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 799 (1839)
species :
Posoqueria velutina Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 58 (1930)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Risaralda, Valle)
82 CLM
species :
Posoqueria williamsii Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 331 (1967)
Distribution: Colombia (Guainía); Venezuela (Amazonas)
82 CLM VEN
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life