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518.0000 Family Lamiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 355 (1820), nom. cons., nom. alt.
243 genera, ca. 7800 spp.
Species listed in database: 7805; hybrids: 381
= Aegiphilaceae Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 161 (1838)
= Ajugaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 375 (1843)
= Chloanthaceae Hutch.; Fam. Fl. Pl., Dicot., ed. 2: 396 (1959)
= Glechomaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 288 (1820)
= Labiatae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 110 (1789), nom. cons.
= Melissaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Melittidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Menthaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 969, 1095, 1106 (1835)
= Monardaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 661 (1858)
= Nepetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Salazariaceae F.A.Barkley; Phytologia 32: 304 (1975)
= Salviaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Saturejaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 664. med (1858)
= Scutellariaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 373 (1843)
= Siphonanthaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 87 (1838)
= Stachydaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 366 (1843)
= Symphoremataceae Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4(3): 13 (1849)
= Viticaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 106 (1789)
518.9703 Genus Pseudodictamnus Fabr.; Enum. [Fabricius] Meth. Pl. 56 (1759)
Distribution: Mediterranean, South Africa (1)
Species listed in database: 14
= Beringeria Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 478 (1829)
= Zapateria Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 1: 17 (1887)
species :
Pseudodictamnus acetabulosus (L.) Salmaki & Siadati; Taxon 67(4): 779 (2018)
Name: Napf-Schwarznessel (DE); False Dittany (EN)
Distribution: Croatia; European Turkey; Greece (widespread C- & S-Greece, incl. most islands, rare N-Greece, Thasos, Samothraki); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)
13 CRO GRC KRI TUE 34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballota acetabulosa (L.) Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 595 (1834)
= Beringeria acetabulosa (L.) Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 312 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Beringeria acetabulosa (L.) Neck. ex Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 478 (1829)
= Marrubium acetabulosum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 584 (1753)
= Marrubium adfine Spreng.; Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 68 (1815)
= Marrubium suffruticosum Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: 9 (1768)
species :
Pseudodictamnus africanus (L.) Salmaki & Siadati; Taxon 67(4): 779 (2018)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballota africana (L.) Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 594 (1833)
= Beringeria africana (L.) Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 312 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Beringeria crispa (L.) G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 3: 545 (1839)
= Marrubium africanum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 583 (1753)
= Marrubium crispum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 1674 (1763)
= Marrubium laurifolium Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 510 (1821)
= Marrubium thouinii Schult. ex Weinm.; Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 23 (1826)
= Pseudodictamnus emarginatus (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 139 (1802)
= Stachys africana (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 262 (1898)
species :
Pseudodictamnus aucheri (Boiss.) Salmaki & Siadati; Taxon 67(4): 779 (2018)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran)
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballota aucheri Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 39 (1844)
species :
Pseudodictamnus bullatus (Pomel) Salmaki & Siadati; Taxon 67(4): 779 (2018)
Distribution: ?Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
20 ALG TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballota acuta var. bullata (Pomel) Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 34 [Contr. Fl. Tunisie 2]: 34: 39 (1898)
= Ballota bullata Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 116 (1874)
= Ballota hirsuta var. bullata (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 702 (1890)
= Ballota hispanica subsp. bullata (Pomel) Malag.; Subesp. Variación Geogr. 23 (1973)
species :
Pseudodictamnus damascenus (Boiss.) Salmaki & Siadati; Taxon 67(4): 779 (2018)
Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai)
20 EGY 34 LEB SIN SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballota damascena Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 87 (1853)
species :
Pseudodictamnus hirsutus (Willd.) Salmaki & Siadati; Taxon 67(4): 779 (2018)
Distribution: C- & S-Portugal; Spain (C-, S- & E-Spain); Baleares; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya (Tibesti); N-Chad (Tibesti)
12 BAL POR SPA 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 24 CHA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballota acuta (Moench) Murb.; Contr. Fl. Nord-Ouest Afrique 2: 36 (1898), nom. illeg.
= Ballota acuta var. hispida (Benth.) Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 34 [Contr. Fl. Tunisie 2]: 34: 38 (1898)
= Ballota acuta var. intermedia (Batt.) Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 34 [Contr. Fl. Tunisie 2]: 34: 39 (1898)
= Ballota acuta var. maroccana Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 34(7): 38 (1898)
= Ballota acuta var. saharica Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(Beibl. 120): 113 (1917)
= Ballota africana Colmeiro; Apuntes Fl. Castillas 121 (1849), nom. illeg.
= Ballota cinerea (Desr.) Briq.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 3a: 260 (1896), nom. illeg.
= Ballota hirsuta Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 595 (1834)
= Ballota hirsuta f. intermedia Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] 1: 702 (1890)
= Ballota hirsuta subsp. gracilis (Maire) Ouyahya; Trav. Inst. Sci. Univ. Mohammed V, Sér. Bot. 37: 255 (2005)
= Ballota hirsuta subsp. inermis (Emb. & Maire) Dobignard; J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 46-47: 56 (2009)
= Ballota hirsuta subsp. intermedia (Batt.) Patzak; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 63: 60 (1959)
= Ballota hirsuta subsp. maroccana (Murb.) Patzak; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 63: 59 (1959)
= Ballota hirsuta subsp. saharica (Diels) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 14(2): 300 (1984 publ. 1985)
= Ballota hirsuta var. gracilis Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 36 (1940)
= Ballota hirsuta var. hispida Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 596 (1834)
= Ballota hirsuta var. inermis (Emb. & Maire) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 636 (1934)
= Ballota hirsuta var. maroccana (Murb.) Jahand. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 636 (1934)
= Ballota hirsuta var. saharica (Diels) Maire; Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 3: 187 (1933)
= Ballota hirsuta var. tibestica Maire; Mém. Acad. Sci. Inst. France 62: 29 (1935)
= Ballota hispanica subsp. hispida (Benth.) Malag.; Subesp. Variación Geogr. 23 (1973), no basionym date
= Ballota hispanica subsp. mollissima (Benth.) Malag.; Subesp. Variación Geogr. 23 (1973), no basionym date
= Ballota hispanica var. hispida (Benth.) Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 17: 45 (1928)
= Ballota hispanica var. inermis Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 17: 45 (1927 publ. 1928)
= Ballota hispanica Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 446 (1868), pro syn.
= Ballota inermis (Emb. & Maire) Ouyahya; Fl. Prat. Maroc 2: 460 (2007), nom. inval.
= Ballota mollissima Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 595 (1834)
= Ballota orbicularis Lag. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 446 (1868)
= Beringeria cinerea (Desr.) Benth. ex G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 483 (1830)
= Beringeria hirsuta Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 312 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Beringeria mollissima (Benth.) Heynh.; Alph. Aufz. Gew. 66 (1846)
= Marrubium cinereum Desr.in Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 719 (1792)
= Marrubium crispum Desr.in Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 719 (1792), nom. illeg.
= Marrubium hirsutum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 113 (1800)
= Zapateria hirsuta (Benth.) Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 1: 17 (1887)
species :
Pseudodictamnus hispanicus (L.) Salmaki & Siadati; Taxon 67(4): 779 (2018)
Name: Spanische Sternhaarschwarznessel (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; C- & S-Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Albania; Bulgaria; NW-Greece (mountains)
11 ger 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA SIC SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballota acuta Briq.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 3a: 259 (1896), nom. illeg.
= Ballota hispanica (L.) Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 597 (1934)
= Ballota italica Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 12: 519 (1848)
= Ballota rupestris (Biv.) Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 2: 216 (1847)
= Ballota saxatilis (Raf.) Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 82 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Ballota sicula Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(2): 229 (1907)
= Beringeria hispanica (L.) Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 312 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Marrubium hispanicum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 583 (1753)
= Marrubium humile Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 395 (1829)
= Marrubium rupestre Biv.; Stirp. Rar. Sicilia 2: 5 (1814)
= Marrubium saxatile Raf.; Précis Découv. Somiol. 38 (1814)
= Marrubium scrophulariifolium Lag. ex Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 597 (1834)
= Pseudodictamnus acutus Moench; Methodus [Moench] 400 (1794), nom. illeg.
species :
Pseudodictamnus inaequidens (Hub.-Mor. & Patzak) Salmaki & Siadati; Taxon 67(4): 779 (2018)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballota inaequidens Hub.-Mor. & Patzak; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 64: 48 (1960)
species :
Pseudodictamnus latibracteolatus (P.H.Davis & Doroszenko) Salmaki & Siadati; Taxon 67(4): 779 (2018)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballota latibracteolata Davis & Doroszenko; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38: 32 (1980)
species :
Pseudodictamnus macedonicus (Vandas) Salmaki & Siadati; Taxon 67(4): 779 (2018)
Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania
13 ALB NMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballota hispanica subsp. macedonica (Vandas) A.Strid & Kit Tan; Mountain Fl. Greece [Strid] 2: 96 (1991)
= Ballota acuta subsp. macedonica (Vandas) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 279 (1929)
= Ballota macedonica Vandas; Magyar Bot. Lapok 4: 112 (1905)
species :
Pseudodictamnus mediterraneus Salmaki & Siadati; Taxon 67(4): 779 (2018), nom. nov.
subspecies :
subsp. mediterraneus
Distribution: Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; S-Greece (Andikithira); Crete (widespread, incl. Gavdos); Libya; Egypt
13 GRC ita KRI sic 20 EGY LBY
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballota dictamnifolia St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 120 (1880)
= Ballota pseudodictamnus (L.) Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 594 (1834)
= Beringeria pseudodictamnus (L.) Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 312 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Marrubium pallidum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 84 (1796), nom. illeg.
= Marrubium pseudodictamnus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 583 (1753)
= Moluccella fruticosa Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. xxvii (1775)
subspecies :
subsp. lycius (Hub.-Mor.) Raus; Willdenowia 54: 21 (2024)
Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballota pseudodictamnus subsp. lycia Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 2: 203 (1963)
species :
Pseudodictamnus rotundifolius (K.Koch) Salmaki & Siadati; Taxon 67(4): 780 (2018)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballota armena Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 54 (1859)
= Ballota glandulifera Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(2): 270 (1875)
= Ballota rotundifolia K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 697 (1848)
species :
Pseudodictamnus undulatus (Benth.) Salmaki & Siadati; Taxon 67(4): 780 (2018)
Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert, NE-Egypt); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Midyan)
20 EGY 34 ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballota undulata (Sieber ex Fresen.) Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 595 (1834)
= Marrubium crispum Sieber ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 773 (1879)
= Marrubium undulatum Sieber ex Fresen.; Mus. Senckenberg. 1: 92 (1834)
species :
Pseudodictamnus vellereus (Maire, Weiller & Wilczek) comb.ined.
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballota vellerea Maire, Weiller & Wilczek; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 121, 225 (1935)
= Ballota hirsuta var. vellerea (Maire, Weiller & Wilczek); Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 1112 (1941)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life