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Ver. 19.2
March 25th, 2024

031.0000 Family Dennstaedtiaceae Lotsy; Vortr. Bot. Stammesgesch. 2: 655 (1909), as ´Dennstaedtineaceae´
11 genera, ca. 230 spp. Phylogeny: Triana-Moreno et al. (2023)
Species listed in database: 237; hybrids: 9
= Hypolepidaceae Pic.Serm.; Webbia 24: 705 (1970)
= Pteridiaceae Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13: 96 (1975)
= Monachosoraceae Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 14: 17 (1978)
031.2001 Genus Pteridium Gled. ex Scop.; Fl. Carn. 169 (1760), nom. cons.
Distribution: Worldwide. Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2015) treat most of the taxa as separate species. Zhou et al. (2014) argue for keeping only two diploid species and two tetraploids, treating the rest of the taxa as geographically isolated subspecies.
Species listed in database: 4
= Aquilina C.Presl ex Ettingsh.; Farnkr. Jetztw. 91 (1864)
= Cincinalis Gled.; Syst. Pl. Stamin. Situ: 290 (1764)
= Eupteris Newman; Phytol. 2: 278 (1845)
= Filix Ludw.; Inst. Reg. Veg., ed. 2: 142 (1757), nom. illeg.
= Filix-Foemina Hill; Family Herbal (1755)
= Filix-foemina Hill ex Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 290 (1931)
= Nymphopteris Webb & Berthel.; Hist. nat. Canar. 82 (1763)
= Ornithopteris (J.Agardh) J.Sm.; Hist. Fil. 297 (1875) (non Bernh. 1806)
species :
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn; Kersten, Reisen Ost-Afr. 3(3): 11 (1879)
subspecies :
subsp. aquilinum
Name: Gewöhnlicher Adlerfarn (DE); Southern Bracken (EN); Helecho comun (ES)
Distribution: England; Scotland; Wales; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. Kiklades, Samothraki, Limnos); Crete (widespread); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Moldova; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Egypt [I]; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); Islas Selvagens; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Ethiopia; Soqotra; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Dodekanese, Rhodos, Karpathos); Turkey (Anatolia); Iran; Cyprus; Lebanon; Syria; Israel; Palestine; N-Yemen; Mongolia; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Australia [I] (South Australia [I])
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG egy MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR SEL 24 ETH SOC 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN ISR LEB PAL SYR TUR 35 YEM 37 MON 41 CBD LAO THA 50 aus
Synonyms: hidden
= Allosorus acutifolius C.Presl; Tent. Pterid.: 154 (1836), nom. nud.
= Allosorus aquilinus (L.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 153 (1836)
= Allosorus coriifolius (Kunze) Pappe & Rawson; Syn. Filic. Afr. Austr. 31 (1858)
= Allosorus recurvatus C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 154 (1836)
= Allosorus tauricus C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 154 (1836), nom. nud.
= Allosorus villosus C.Presl; Tent. Pterid.: 154 (1836), nom. inval.
= Asplenium aquilinum (L.) Bernh.; J. Bot. (Schrader) 1799(1): 310 (1799)
= Cincinalis aquilina (L.) Gled.; Verm. Abh. 1: 24 (1765)
= Cincinalis aquilina (L.) Trevis.; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 17: 239 (1874), isonym
= Cincinalis gleditschii Gueldenst.; Reise durch Russl. 1: 284 (1787), nom. nud.
= Eupteris aquilina (L.) Newman; Phytol. 2: 278 (1845)
= Filix aquilina (L.) Woyn.; Hedwigia 56: 381 (1914)
= Filix-foemina aquilina (L.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 290 (1931)
= Filix-foemina vulgaris Hill; Brit. Herb.: 527 (1757), opus utique oppr.
= Ornithopteris aquilina (L.) J.Sm.; Hist. Fil. 298 (1875)
= Paesia aquilina (L.) Keyserl.; Polyp. Herb. Bunge 22 (1873)
= Paesia coriifolia (Kunze) T.Moore; Gard. Chron. 1858: 878 (1858)
= Polypodium austriacum Jacq.; Obs. Bot. 1: 45 (1764) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
= Pteridium aquilinum f. pubescens Hieron.; Hedwigia 48: 246 (1909), nom. illeg.
= Pteridium aquilinum subsp. atlanticum C.N.Page; Watsonia 17(4): 431 (1989) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
= Pteridium aquilinum subsp. brevipes (Tausch) E.Wulff; Fl. Kryma 1(1): 20 (1927) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
= Pteridium aquilinum subsp. fulvum C.N.Page; Bot. J. Scotland 47(1): 139 (1994)
= Pteridium aquilinum subsp. heredia (Clemente ex Colmeiro) Jermy; Sommerfeltia 6: xiii (1987), as ´herediae´ (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
= Pteridium aquilinum subsp. tauricum (C.Presl) Gureeva & C.N.Page; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 93(6): 929 (2008), nom. inval.
= Pteridium aquilinum var. glabrum (Hook.) Luerss.; G. L. Rabenhorst, Deutschl. Krypt.-Fl., ed. 2, 3: 107 (1889)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. umbrosum Luerss.; Farnpflanzen 3: 107 (1889)
= Pteridium ceheginense Barnola ex Joaquin; Bol. Soc. Aragon. Cienc. Nat. 11: 35, fig. (1912) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
= Pteridium heredia (Clemente ex Colmeiro) Joaquin; Bol. Soc. Aragon. Cienc. Nat. 11: 35 (1912) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
= Pteridium herediae (Colmeiro) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; Lagascalia 2: 28 (1972), isonym (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
= Pteridium tauricum V.I.Krecz. ex Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaz. ed. 2, 1: 35 (1939) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
= Pteris aquilina f. transcaucasica Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. 3: 46 (1945) (syn. subst.) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
= Pteris aquilina L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 1071 (1753)
= Pteris aquilina var. glabra Hook.; Sp. Fil. 2: 196 (1858)
= Pteris aquilina var. transcaucasica Rupr.; Distr. Crypt. Vasc. Ross. 46 (1845) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
= Pteris auriculata Goldm.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 458 (1843), nom. illeg.
= Pteris borealis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton (1796)
= Pteris brevipes Tausch; Flora 1836(2): 427 (1836)
= Pteris coriifolia Kunze; Linnaea 18: 120 (1844)
= Pteris firma Wall.; Numer. List no. 100 (1829), nom. nud.
= Pteris foemina Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 16 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. superfl.
= Pteris foemina var. minor Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 17 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Pteris gardneri Ettingsh.; Beitr. Fläch.-Skel. Farnkräuter 2: 3 (1864), nom. illeg.
= Pteris heredia Colmeiro; Enum. Cr. Esp. y Port. 1: 16 (1867) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
= Pteris nudicaulis Gueldenst.; Reis. Russland 1: 421 (1787), nom. inval.
subspecies :
subsp. brownseyi (Fraser-Jenk.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Pakistan; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND PAK
Remarks: between ssp. aquilinum and ssp. japonicum
Conservation Status: IUCN VU for India (Fraser-Jenkins 2012)
Synonyms: hidden
= Pteridium brownseyi Fraser-Jenk.; New Species Syndr. Indian Pteridol. 219 (1997)
subspecies :
subsp. capense (Thunb.) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 591 (1906)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl., Ilha Brava); Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni); Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Sudan; Ethiopia; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Pemba Isl.; Tanzania; Zanzibar; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, North West, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Comores; Mauritius; La Réunion
21 CVI 22 GHA GUI IVO LBR NGA SIE TOG 23 BIO BUR CAF CMN CON EQG GAB PRI RWA SAO ZAI 24 ETH SOC SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 LES SAF SWZ 29 COM MAU MDG REU
Synonyms: hidden
= Allosorus capensis (Kaulf.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid.: 152 (1836)
= Allosorus capensis (Thunb.) Pappe & Rawson; Hook. & Baker, Syn. Filic. Afr. austr. 32 (1868)
= Allosorus hottentottus C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 154 (1836)
= Allosorus lanuginosus (Bory ex Willd.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 154 (1836)
= Cincinalis lanuginosa (Bory ex Willd.) Trevis.; Syll. Sporoph. Ital. 1: 31 (1874)
= Onychium capense Kaulf.; Enum. Filic. 145, t. 1, f. 8 (1824)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. lanuginosum (Bory ex Willd.) Kuhn; Hochgebirgsfl. Afrika: 94 (1892)
= Pteridium capense (Thunb.) Krasser; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 15: 4 (1900)
= Pteridium lanuginosum (Bory ex Willd.) Clute; Fern Bull. 8: 38 (1900)
= Pteris aquilina f. lanuginosa (Bory ex Willd.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 820 (1891)
= Pteris aquilina var. lanuginosa (Bory ex Willd.) Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W. J. Hooker] 2: 196 (1858)
= Pteris capensis Thunb.; Prodr. Fl. Cap. 172 (1800)
= Pteris lanuginosa (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng.; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 10: 231, t. 16, f. 1-2 (1821)
= Pteris lanuginosa Bory ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4, 5: 403 (1810)
= Pteris lanuginosa Spreng.; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 10: 231 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Pteris lanuginosa var. capensis (Thunb.) J.Agardh; Recens. Spec. Pter.: 51 (1839)
= Pteris sprengelii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. 2: 358 (1824), nom. nov. for Pteris lanuginosa Spreng.
subspecies :
subsp. centrali-africanum Hieron.; Wiss. Erg. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo Exped. 1911-12, Bot. 1: 7 (1914)
Distribution: Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 BUR CON GAB RWA ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Remarks: valid taxon fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997
Synonyms: hidden
= Pteridium aquilinum var. africanum Bonap.; Notes Ptéridol. 1: 62 (1915)
= Pteridium centraliafricanum (Hieron. ex R.E.Fr.) Alston; Bol. Soc. Broter., ser. 2, 30: 22 (1956)
subspecies :
subsp. decompositum (Gaudich.) Lamoureux ex J.A.Thomson; Telopea 10(4): 800 (2004)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii Isl.)
63 HAW
Remarks: probably a subspecies of P. latiusculum or P. esculentum
Synonyms: hidden
= Pteridium aquilinum var. decompositum (Gaudich.) R.M.Tryon
= Pteris decomposita Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie: 393 (1829)
= Pteridium decompositum (Gaudich.) Christenh.; Global Fl. 1(4): 7 (2018)
subspecies :
subsp. feei (W.Schaffn. ex Fée) J.A.Thomson, Mickel & Mehltr.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 157(1): 13 (2008)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras
79 MEX 80 ELS GUA HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Pteridium aquilinum var. feei (W.Schaffn. ex Fée) Maxon ex Yunck.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 308 (1938)
= Pteridium feei (Schaffn. ex Fée) Maxon ex Faull; Contr. Arnold Arbor. 11: 87 (1938)
= Pteris feei W.Schaffn. ex Fée; Mém. Foug. 8 (Icon. Esp. Nouv.): 73 (1857)
subspecies :
subsp. latiusculum (Desv.) Hultén; Acta Univ. Lund., 2, 37(1): 44 (1941)
Name: Western brackenfern
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Remarks: often considered to be a full species
Synonyms: hidden
= Pteridium aquilinum subsp. latiusculum (Desv.) C.N.Page; Watsonia 17(4): 429 (1989), isonym
= Pteridium aquilinum subsp. latiusculum (Desv.) Hultén ex R.T.Clausen; Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 291: 7 (1949)
= Pteridium aquilinum subsp. latiusculum (Desv.) W.C.Shieh; Quart. J. Chin. Forest. 6(4): 98 (1973), isonym
= Pteridium aquilinum var. champlainense B.Boivin; Amer. Fern J. 42: 131 (1953)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex A.Heller; Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 3, 17 (1909)
= Pteridium latiusculum (Desv.) Hieron. ex T.C.E.Fr.; Wiss. Erg. d. Schwed. Rhodesia-Kongo Exp. 1911-12, Bot. 1: 7 (1914)
= Pteridium latiusculum (Desv.) Maxon; Amer. Fern J. 9: 43 (1919), isonym
= Pteridium latiusculum f. berdii Moldenke; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 35: 313 (1946)
= Pteris aquilina subvar. latiuscula (Desv.) Farw.; Amer. Fern J. 33: 9 (1943)
= Pteris latiuscula Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 2: 303 (1827)
subspecies :
subsp. pseudocaudatum (Clute) Hultén; Acta Univ. Lund. 2, 37, no. 1: 44 (1941)
Name: Tailed brackenfern (EN)
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, ?Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, West Virginia)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Filix-foemina aquilina var. pseudocaudata (Clute) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 290 (1931)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum (Clute) A.Heller; Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2: 12 (1900)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum Clute; Fern Bull. 8: 39 (1900)
= Pteridium latiusculum var. pseudocaudatum (Clute) Maxon; Amer. Fern J. 9: 44 (1919)
= Pteridium pseudocaudatum (Clute) Christenh.; Global Fl. 1(4): 7 (2018)
= Pteris aquilina var. pseudocaudata Clute; Fern Bull. 8: 39 (1900)
= Pteris latiuscula var. pseudocaudata (Clute) E.P.St.John & R.P.St.John; Amer. Fern J. 25: 40 (1935)
subspecies :
subsp. japonicum (Nakai) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Taxon 26(2-3): 325 (1977)
Distribution: Norway; Sweden; Finland; Poland; Romania; N-European Russia; Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Hongkong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Macao, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan (Honshu); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Anijima); Taiwan; South China Sea Isl.
10 FIN NOR SWE 11 POL 13 ROM 14 RUS 31 RFE 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS OGA TAI 42 SCS
Remarks: often treated as P. latiusculum subsp. japonicum
Synonyms: hidden
= Pteridium aquilinum f. glabrum Tardieu & C.Chr.; Fl. Indo-Chine 7(2): 138 (1939)
= Pteridium aquilinum f. longipes Senkozi & Akasawa; Bull. Kochi Women´s Univ., Ser. Nat. Sci. 27: 1 (1979)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. japonicum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39(461): 106-107 (1925)
= Pteridium japonicum (Nakai) Tardieu & C.Chr.; Lecomte (ed.), Fl. Indo-Chine 7(2): 138 (1939)
= Pteridium latiusculum subsp. japonicum (Nakai) Fraser-Jenk.; Ferns and Fern-allies of Nepal 1: 187 (2015)
= Pteridium pinetorum subsp. sajanense Stepanov; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 105: 12 (2012) (fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2015)
= Pteridium pinetorum subsp. sibiricum Gureeva & C.N.Page; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 95: 22 (2005) (fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2015)
subspecies :
subsp. pinetorum (C.N.Page & R.R.Mill) J.A.Thomson; Telopea 10(4): 798 (2004)
Name: Kiefernwald-Adlerfarn (DE)
Distribution: England; Scotland; Denmark; ?Netherlands; ?Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt); ?Switzerland; Poland; Czech Republic; ?NE-France
10 DEN GRB 11 CZE GER POL
Remarks: probably derived from introgression of P. aquilinum subsp. aquilinum into P. (latiusculum subsp.) japonicum
Synonyms: hidden
= Pteridium aquilinum subsp. osmundaceum (Christ) P.D.Sell; Fl. Great Britain and Ireland 1: 671 (2018)
= Pteridium aquilinum subsp. pinetorum (C.N.Page & R.R.Mill) P.D.Sell; Fl. Great Britain & Ireland 1: 671 (2018), isonym
= Pteridium aquilinum var. osmundaceum Christ; Beitr. Kryptogamenfl. Schweiz 1(2): 54 (1901)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. pinetorum (C.N.Page & R.R.Mill) Perestor.; J. A. Taylor & R. T. Smith (eds.), Bracken Fern: Toxicity, Biology & Control: 51 (2000)
= Pteridium latiusculum subsp. pinetorum (C.N.Page & R.R.Mill) Fraser-Jenk.; New Species Syndr. Indian Pteridol. 220 (1997)
= Pteridium pinetorum C.N.Page & R.R.Mill; Bot. J. Scotland 47(1): 140 (1995)
= Pteridium pinetorum subsp. osmundaceum (Christ) C.N.Page; Bot. J. Scotland 47(1): 140 (1994)
subspecies :
subsp. pubescens (Underw.) J.A.Thomson, Mickel & Mehltr.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 157(1): 14 (2008)
Name: Hairy brackenfern
Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur)
70 ASK 71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Filix-foemina aquilina var. lanuginosa (Bong.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 290 (1931)
= Pteridium aquilinum f. decipiens (G.Lawson) Fernald; Rhodora 37: 248 (1935)
= Pteridium aquilinum subsp. lanuginosum (Bong.) Hultén; Acta Univ. Lund. 2, 37, no. 1: 43 (1941)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. lanuginosum (Bong.) Fernald; Rhodora 37: 247 (1935)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underw.; Native Ferns ed. 6: 91 (1900)
= Pteridium pubescens (Underw.) Christenh.; Global Fl. 1(4): 7 (2018)
= Pteris aquilina var. lanuginosa Bong.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(4): 176 (1832)
= Pteris aquilina var. pubescens (Underw.) Kunze; Linnaea 13: 142 (1839)
= Pteris latiuscula var. lanuginosa (Bong.) Small; Ferns Vicin. New York 37, 241 (1935)
subspecies :
subsp. wightianum (Wall. ex J.Agardh) W.C.Shieh; Quart. J. Chin. Forest. 6(4): 98 (1973)
Name: Hairy bracken
Distribution: E-Afghanistan; China (Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Taiwan; Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Chhattisgarh, ?Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Myanmar; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah); Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Moluccas (Seram, etc.); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl.; Australia (Northern Territory, NE-Queensland)
34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 38 TAI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 CBD MYA VIE 42 BOR JAW MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM 43 SOL 50 AUS
Remarks: treated by Flora of China and Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2015) as full species P. revolutum, by Zhou et al. (2014) based on genetic results as P. aquilinum ssp. wightianum.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cincinalis villosa (Fée) Trevis.; Syll. Sporoph. Ital. 1: 31 (1874)
= Pteridium aquilinum subsp. revolutum (Blume) Xiao Q.Chen & X.C.Zhang; Lycophytes Ferns China 190 (2012)
= Pteridium aquilinum subsp. wightianum (Wall. ex J.Agardh) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Taxon 26(2-3): 325 (1977), isonym
= Pteridium aquilinum var. osmundoides Christ ex H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. 20(2): 243, 9 (1910)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. wightianum (Wall. ex J.Agardh) R.M.Tryon; Rhodora 43: 22 (1941)
= Pteridium capense var. densum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39(461): 109 (1925) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
= Pteridium capense var. densum Tagawa; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo) 27: 5 (1949), nom. illeg.
= Pteridium falcatum Ching ex S.H.Wu; Acta Bot. Austro-Sin. 2: 2 (1986)
= Pteridium lineare Ching ex S.H.Wu; Acta Bot. Austro-Sin. 2: 3 (1986)
= Pteridium revolutum (Blume) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 109 (1925)
= Pteridium revolutum var. muricatulum Ching & S.H.Wu; Acta Bot. Austro-Sin. 2: 2 (1986)
= Pteridium revolutum var. wightianum (Wall. ex J.Agardh) Fraser-Jenk.; Annot. Checkl. Ind. Pterid. 1: 178 (2016)
= Pteridium yunnanense Ching & S.H.Wu; Acta Bot. Austro-Sin. 2: 4 (1986)
= Pteris densa Wall.; Numer. List no. 99 (1829), nomen
= Pteris excelsa Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 213 (1828), non Gaudich. 1829.
= Pteris lanigera Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 214 (1828)
= Pteris recurvata var. wightiana J.Agardh; Recens. Spec. Pter. 50 (1839)
= Pteris recurvata Wall.; Numer. List no. 113 (1829), nomen
= Pteris recurvata Wall. ex J.Agardh; Recens. Spec. Pter. 50 (1839)
= Pteris revoluta Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 214 (1828)
= Pteris villosa Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.): 126 (1852)
= Pteris wightiana Wall.; Numer. List no. 2178 (1829), nomen
species :
Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon; Proc. U.S. Nat. Herb. 23: 631 (1901)
Name: Southern brackenfern
Distribution: USA (C-Florida, S-Florida); Bermuda; Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Socorro); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl. (Grand Cayman); Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Puerto Rico; Antigua; Montserrat; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Caquetá, Cundinamarca, Huila, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Santander); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Tachira, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Maranhão, Rondônia)
78 USA 79 MEX RGI 80 BLZ ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA BAH BER CAY CUB HIS JAM MTS PUE TCI TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR SWC VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA
Remarks: probably of recent hybrid origin between P. aquilinum x esculentum
Synonyms: hidden
= Allosorus caudatus (L.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 154 (1836)
= Cincinalis caudata (L.) Trevis.; Syll. Sporoph. Ital. 1: 31 (1874)
= Filix-foemina aquilina var. caudata (L.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 290 (1931)
= Ornithopteris caudata (L.) J.Sm.; Hist. Fil. 298 (1876)
= Pteridium aquilinum f. glabratum Hieron.; Hedwigia 48: 246 (1909)
= Pteridium aquilinum subsp. caudatum (L.) Bonap.; Notes Pteridol. 7: 356 (1918)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. caudatum (L.) Christ; Beitr. Kryptogamenfl. Schweiz 1(2): 55 (1900 publ. 1901), isonym
= Pteridium aquilinum var. caudatum (L.) Sadeb.; Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. Beih. 3: 5 (1897)
= Pteris aquilina f. caudata (L.) Christ; Monsunia 1 (1900)
= Pteris aquilina var. caudata (L.) A.Gray; Manual (Gray), ed. 2. 592 (1856)
= Pteris aquilina var. mexicana Fée
= Pteris caudata L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 1075 (1753)
species :
Pteridium esculentum (G.Forst.) Cockayne; Rep. Bot. Surv. Tongariro Nation. Park 34 (1908)
subspecies :
subsp. esculentum
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Hainan); Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan); Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok, Bali, Wetar, Flores, Timor, Alor, Sumba); Moluccas; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl. (Santa Ysabel); Australia (Australian Capital Territory, Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); Norfolk Isl.; New Zealand (North Isl., South Isl., Stewart Isl., Three Kings Isl.); Kermadec Isl.; Chatham Isl.; Antipodes Isl.; New Caledonia; Vanuatu; Tonga (Late Isl., Tofua); Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu); Society Isl. (Tahiti)
36 CHI 41 CBD VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM 43 SOL 50 AUS NFK 51 ATP CTM KER NZL 60 FIJ NWC TON VAN 61 SCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Allosorus esculentus (G.Forst.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 154 (1836)
= Cincinalis esculenta (G.Forst.) Trevis.; Syll. Sporoph. Ital. 1: 31 (1874)
= Ornithopteris esculenta (G.Forst.) J.Sm.; Hist. Fil. 298 (1875)
= Pteridium aquilinum subsp. esculentum (G.Forst.) Bonap.; Notes Ptéridol. 4: 116 (1917)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. aequipinnulum Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 20: 162 (1915)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. esculentum (G.Forst.) Kuhn; Chaetopterides: 27 (1882)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 20: 161 (1915), nom. illeg. (non (Clute) A. Heller 1910)
= Pteridium esculentum (G.Forst.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 89: 108 (1925), isonym
= Pteris aquilina f. esculenta (G.Forst.) Christ; Monsunia 1: 68 (1900)
= Pteris aquilina var. esculenta (G.Forst.) Hook.f.; Fl. Nov.-Zel. 2: 25 (1854)
= Pteris esculenta G.Forst.; Pl. Esc.: 74 (1786)
subspecies :
subsp. arachnoideum (Kaulf.) J.A.Thomson; Telopea 14: 45 (2012)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California, Chiapas, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Puerto Rico; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Boyacá, Caquetá, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Santander, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Aragua, Bolívar, Cojedes, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa); Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo); Paraguay (Caazapa, Canindeyu, Cordillera); Uruguay (Lavalleja, Maldonado, Rocha, Salto, Tacuarembo, Trenta y Tres); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Jujuy, La Rioja, Misiones, Salta, Tucuman)
79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB HIS JAM PUE STL TRT 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Remarks: esculentum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Allosorus arachnoideus (Kaulf.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 155 (1836)
= Allosorus psittacinus (C.Presl) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 153 (1836)
= Aspidium brasilianum C.Presl; J. & C. Presl, Delic. Prag. 1: 176 (1822), nom. rej.
= Cheilanthes aquilinaris Fée; Crypt. Vasc. Brésil 2: 37, t. 91 t 1 (1869)
= Cincinalis arachnoidea (Kaulf.) Trevis.; Syll. Sporoph. Ital. 1: 31 (1874)
= Cystopteris brasiliana (C.Presl) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 93 (1836)
= Filix-foemina aquilina var. arachnoidea (Kaulf.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 290 (1931)
= Hypolepis aquilinaris (Fée) Christ; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 2: 636 (1902)
= Hypolepis brasiliana (C.Presl) Kuhn; Festschr. Jubil. Königstädt. Realsch. Berlin 347 (1882)
= Pteridium aquilinum f. arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Hieron.; Hedwigia 48: 246 (1909)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Brade; Z. Deutsch. Verein Wiss. Kunst São Paulo 1: 56 (1920)
= Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon; J. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 89 (1924)
= Pteridium caudatum subsp. arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Lellinger; Amer. Fern J. 93(3): 150 (2003)
= Pteridium psittacinum (C.Presl) Maxon; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 46: 141 (1933)
= Pteris aquilina var. arachnoidea (Kaulf.) D.C.Eaton; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 203 (1861)
= Pteris aquilina var. psittacina (C.Presl) Baker; Mart., Fl. Bras. 1(2): 403 (1870)
= Pteris arachnoidea Kaulf.; Enum. Filic. 190 (1824)
= Pteris psittacina C.Presl; J. & C. Presl, Delic. Prag. 1: 185 (1822)
variant :
var. harpianum Schwartsb. & A.Yanez; Phytotaxa 333(1): 36 (2018)
Distribution: Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Brazil (Amazonas, Amapa)
82 FRG GUY SUR 84 BRA
variant :
var. paedomorficum Schwartsb. & J.Prado; Phytotaxa 333(1): 30 (2018)
Distribution: Brazil
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Pteridium aquilinum var. umbrosum Christ ex Rosenst.; Hedwigia 46: 90 (1907), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. campestre (Schrad.) Schwartsb. & J.Prado; Phytotaxa 333(1): 32 (2018)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Pteridium arachnoideum subsp. campestre (Schrad.) Schwartsb. & P.L.R.Moraes; Phytotaxa 170(2): 111 (2014)
= Pteridium campestre (Schrad.) Christenh.; Global Fl. 1(4): 7 (2018)
= Pteris campestris Schrad.; Gött. Gel. Anz. 871 (1824)
subspecies :
subsp. gryphus Schwartsb.; Phytotaxa 332(3): 264 (2017)
Distribution: Venezuela (Aragua); Guyana; French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)
82 FRG GUY VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER
species :
Pteridium rostratum (Burm.f.) Fraser-Jenk.; Indian Fern J. 36(1-2): 28 (2019), et Indian J. Forest. 43(1): 68 (2021)
Name: Northern bracken
Distribution: S-China; India (Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar; Thailand (widespread); Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Moluccas (Seram); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl.); Australia (NE-Queensland)
36 CHI 40 IND 41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 MLY MOL SUM 43 BIS 50 AUS
Remarks: sometimes considered to be a hybrid Pteridium esculentum x revolutum, but fertile fide Fraser-Jenkins (2008). Zhou et al. (2014) also recognize this tetraploid taxon.
Conservation Status: IUCN CR for India (Fraser-Jenkins 2012)
Synonyms: hidden
= Allosorus lorigerus (Wall.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid.: 154 (1836), nom. inval.
= Polypodium rostratum Burm.f.; Fl. Indica 233 (1768)
= Pteridium aquilinum var. yarrabense Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 85: 161 (1913)
= Pteridium caudatum subsp. yarrabense (Domin) Parris; Fern Gaz. 12(3): 180 (1981)
= Pteridium semihastatum (Wall. ex J.Agardh) S.B.Andrews; Austrobaileya 1(1): 12 (1977)
= Pteridium yarrabense (Domin) Wakef.; Vict. Naturalist 72: 159 (1956)
= Pteris lorigera Wall.; Numer. List no. 103 (1829), nomen
= Pteris semihastata Wall.; Numer. List no. 102 (1829), nomen
= Pteris semihastata Wall. ex J.Agardh; Recens. Spec. Pter. 48 (1839)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 19.2 (March 25th, 2024)

Covering 354,631 accepted species,
8,631 hybrids, 47,815 accepted infraspecific taxa and 995,902 synonyms,
in total 1,406,979* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


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