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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35249; hybrids: 678
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.9581 Genus Ratibida Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 268 (1818)
Distribution: North America, Mexico
Species listed in database: 7
= Lepachys Raf.; J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 89: 100 (1819), nom. superfl.
= Obeliscaria Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 35: 272 (1825), nom. superfl.
= Obelisteca Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 73 (1817)
species :
Ratibida coahuilensis B.L.Turner; Sida 13(1): 35 (1988)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon)
79 MEX
species :
Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 19: 706 (1915)
Name: Upright prairie coneflower, redspike Mexican-hat.
Distribution: Java [I]; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan); USA (Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Argentina [I]
42 jaw 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 85 arg
Synonyms: hidden
= Lepachys columnaris (Sims) Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 315 (1842)
= Lepachys columnifera (Nutt.) J.F.Macbr.; Contr. Gray Herb. 65: 45 (1922)
= Lepachys columnifera f. pulcherrima (DC.) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 274 (1936)
= Lepachys columnifera var. pulcherrima (DC.) Rydb.; Fl. Plains N. Amer. 838 (1932)
= Obeliscaria columnaris (Sims) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 559 (1836)
= Obeliscaria pulcherrima DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 559 (1836)
= Ratibida columnaris (Sims) Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. (1818) 268
= Ratibida columnaris f. denudata B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 87: 46 (1960)
= Ratibida columnaris f. pulcherrima W.M.Sharp; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 70 (1935)
= Ratibida columnaris Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 268 (1818)
= Ratibida columnaris var. pulcherrima (DC.) D.Don; Brit. Fl. Gard. [Sweet] 7: t. 361 (1838)
= Ratibida columnifera f. denudata (B.Boivin) B.Boivin; Phytologia 23(1): 70 (1972)
= Ratibida columnifera f. pulcherrima (DC.) Fernald; Rhodora 40: 353 (1938)
= Ratibida columnifera var. appendiculata Cockerell; J. Heredity 7: 428 (1916)
= Ratibida columnifera var. breviradiata Cockerell; Amer. Naturalist 49: 620 (1915)
= Ratibida columnifera var. incisa Cockerell; Amer. Naturalist 49: 620 (1915)
= Ratibida columnifera var. pulcherrima (DC.) D.J.N.Hind; Bot. Mag., n. s. 23: 271 (2006)
= Ratibida columnifera var. tubularis Cockerell; Amer. Naturalist 49: 620 (1915)
= Ratibida pulcherrima Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 439 (1841)
= Ratibida sulcata Raf.; J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 89: 100 (1819)
= Rudbeckia columnaris Sims; Bot. Mag. t. 1601 (1813)
= Rudbeckia columnaris var. pulcherrima (DC.) Rothr.; Rep. U.S. Geogr. Surv., Wheeler 6(Botany): 160 (1879)
= Rudbeckia columnifera Nutt.; Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana [Fraser], no. 75 (1813)
species :
Ratibida latipalearis E.L.Richards; Rhodora 66: 267 (1964)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
79 MEX
species :
Ratibida mexicana (S.Watson) Sharp; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 76 (1935)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Sonora)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Lepachys mexicana S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 277 (1888)
species :
Ratibida peduncularis (Torr. & A.Gray) Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 411 (1897)
Name: Naked prairie coneflower or Mexican-hat
Distribution: USA (Louisiana, Texas); Mexico (Coahuila, Tamaulipas)
77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Lepachys peduncularis Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 315 (1842)
= Lepachys serratus Buckley; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 457 (1861 publ. 1862)
= Obeliscaria peduncularis Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 979 (1847)
variant :
var. picta (A.Gray) W.M.Sharp; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 74 (1935)
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ratibida picta (A.Gray) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1260 (1903)
= Lepachys peduncularis var. picta A.Gray; Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5) [Pl. Wright. 1]: 107 (1852)
species :
Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 410 (1897)
Name: Grayhead or pinnate prairie coneflower (EN), Nickender Prairiesonnenhut (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Italy [I]; Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Wisconsin)
11 ger slo 13 ita 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Helianthus pinnatus (Vent.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 13: 166 (1915)
= Lepachys angustifolia Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 314 (1842), pro syn.
= Lepachys pinnata (Vent.) Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 314 (1842)
= Lepachys pinnatifida Raf.; J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 89: 100 (1819), nom. superfl.
= Obeliscaria pinnata (Vent.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 35: 273 (1827)
= Rudbeckia cinerea DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 559 (1836)
= Rudbeckia citriodora Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 707 (1821)
= Rudbeckia digitata Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2247 (1803)
= Rudbeckia laevis Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl.-Kult. Nachtr. 3: 58 (1826)
= Rudbeckia odorata Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 576 (1813)
= Rudbeckia pinnata Vent.; Descr. Pl. Nouv. 71 (1802)
species :
Ratibida tagetes (E.James) Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 410 (1897)
Name: Green Mexican-hat or prairie coneflower, shortray prairie coneflower
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Lepachys columnaris var. tagetes (E.James) A.Gray; Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 106 (1852)
= Lepachys tagetes (E.James) A.Gray; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, no. 4), Bot. [Whipple]: 103 (1857)
= Obeliscaria tagetes (E.James) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 559 (1836)
= Ratibida tagetes var. cinerea Standl.; Muhlenbergia 5: 30 (1909)
= Rudbeckia columnaris var. tagetes (E.James) Rothr.; Rep. U.S. Geogr. Surv., Wheeler 6(Botany): 160 (1879)
= Rudbeckia globosa Nutt.; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 79 (1834)
= Rudbeckia tagetes E.James; Account Exped. Pittsburgh, ed. London 2: 68 (1823)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life