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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.6901 Genus Retiniphyllum Humb. & Bonpl.; Pl. Aequinoct. [Humboldt & Bonpland] 1: 86, t. 25 (1808)
Distribution: Tropical S-America
Species listed in database: 21
= Synisoon Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 208 (1879)
= Commianthus Benth.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 3: 223 (1841)
species :
Retiniphyllum cataractae Ducke; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 4: 62 (1938)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Amazonas)
84 BRA
species :
Retiniphyllum chloranthum Ducke; Trop. Woods, No. 76: 31 (1943)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Guainía, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana; N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM GUY VEN 84 BRA
species :
Retiniphyllum concolor (Benth.) Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 8 (1881)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Guainía, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana; Peru; N-Brazil (Amazonas, Acre)
82 CLM GUY VEN 83 PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Commianthus concolor Spruce ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 235 (1853)
= Retiniphyllum angustiflorum K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 326 (1908)
= Retiniphyllum martianum Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 9 (1881)
species :
Retiniphyllum discolor (Benth.) Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 11 (1881)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas); N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Commianthus discolor Spruce ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 234 (1853)
species :
Retiniphyllum francoanum Cortés-Ballén; Novon 23(1): 27 (2014)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá)
82 CLM
species :
Retiniphyllum fuchsioides K.Krause; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 50: 101 (1908)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Retiniphyllum glabrum Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 243 (1965)
Distribution: Peru; N-Brazil (Amazonas)
83 PER 84 BRA
species :
Retiniphyllum guianense Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 242 (1965)
Distribution: Guyana
82 GUY
species :
Retiniphyllum kuhlmannii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8- 356 (1931)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará, Rondônia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul)
84 BRA
species :
Retiniphyllum laxiflorum (Benth.) N.E.Br.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 6: 36 (1901)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana; Surinam; N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 GUY SUR VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Patima laxiflora Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 220 (1841)
= Synisoon schomburgkianum Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 208 (1879)
= Retiniphyllum laxiflorum var. longilobum Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 233 (1965)
variant :
var. brasiliense Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 234 (1965)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Retiniphyllum longiflorum Steyerm.; Brittonia 33: 396 (1981)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Amazonas)
84 BRA
species :
Retiniphyllum maguirei Standl.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 571 (1948)
Distribution: Surinam; N-Brazil (Acre)
82 SUR 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Retiniphyllum maguirei var. reticulatum Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 239 (1965)
species :
Retiniphyllum parvifolium Steyerm.; Brittonia 33: 397 (1981)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul)
84 BRA
species :
Retiniphyllum pauciflorum Kunth ex K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 326 (1908)
Distribution: Colombia (Guainía); Venezuela (Amazonas)
82 CLM VEN
species :
Retiniphyllum pilosum (Benth.) Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 7 (1881)
Distribution: Colombia (Guainía, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas); Peru; N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM VEN 83 PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Commianthus pilosus Spruce ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 233 (1853)
species :
Retiniphyllum scabrum Benth.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 3: 222 (1841)
Distribution: Colombia (Caquetá); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana; N-Brazil (Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Ceará)
82 CLM GUY VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Retiniphyllum cearense Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 220 (1937)
= Retiniphyllum erythranthum Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 399 (1931)
= Retiniphyllum scabrum var. ayangannense Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 236 (1965)
= Retiniphyllum scabrum var. erythranthum (Standl.) Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 236 (1965)
species :
Retiniphyllum schomburgkii (Benth.) Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 12 (1881)
Distribution: Colombia (Guainía, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana; Surinam; N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Rondônia)
82 CLM GUY SUR VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Commianthus schomburgkii Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 223 (1841)
= Retiniphyllum schomburgkii subsp. occidentale Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 240 (1965)
= Retiniphyllum schomburgkii var. angustifolium Huber; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 11 6: 209 (1914)
= Retiniphyllum schomburgkii var. hirticalyx Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 241 (1965)
species :
Retiniphyllum secundiflorum H. & B.; Pl. Aequinoct. [Humboldt & Bonpland] 1: 86 (1806)
Distribution: Colombia (Guainía); Venezuela (Amazonas); N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Nonatelia secundiflora (Humb. & Bonpl.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 751 (1824)
species :
Retiniphyllum speciosum (Benth.) Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 10 (1881)
Distribution: Colombia (Caquetá, Guainía, Vaupés); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas)
82 CLM 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Commianthus speciosus Spruce ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 234 (1853)
= Retiniphyllum rhabdocalyx Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 10 (1881)
species :
Retiniphyllum tepuiense Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 237 (1965)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas); Ecuador; Peru
82 VEN 83 ECU PER
species :
Retiniphyllum truncatum Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 11 (1881)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Guainía, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas); Guyana
82 CLM GUY VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Retiniphyllum pallidum Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(5): 12 (1881)
= Retiniphyllum truncatum var. angustifolium Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 242 (1965)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life