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372.0000 Family Polygonaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 82 (1789), nom. cons.
52 genera, ca. 1450 spp.
Species listed in database: 1469; hybrids: 152
= Calligonaceae Khalk.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. (1985)(11): 45 (1985)
= Eriogonaceae G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 3: 580 (1839)
= Persicariaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 473 (1820)
= Rumicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 554 (1820)
372.3708 Genus Reynoutria Houtt.; Handl. Pl.-Kruidk. 2: 639 (1777)
Distribution: temperate Asia. According to Schuster et al. (2011 etc.) a sister genus to Fallopia.
Species listed in database: 6; hybrids: 2
= Fallopia Sect.Reynoutria (Houtt.) Ronse Decr.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 98(4): 346 (1988)
= Tiniaria Rchb.; Handb. Nat. Pfl.-Syst. 236 (1837)
= Helxine L.; Opera Var. 223 (1758)
species :
Reynoutria ciliinervis (Nakai) Moldenke; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 675 (1941)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, ?Hunan, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); North Korea; South Korea
36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Fallopia ciliinervis (Nakai) K.Hammer; Kulturpflanze 34: 99 (1986)
= Fallopia japonica var. ciliinervis (Nakai) A.J.Li; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 25(1): 103 (1998), isonym
= Fallopia multiflora var. ciliinervis (Nakai) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72(3): 158 (1997)
= Pleuropterus ciliinervis Nakai; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13(363-367): 267-268 (1914)
= Polygonum ciliinerve (Nakai) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 6: 146 (1937)
= Polygonum ciliinerve (Nakai) S.X.Li & Y.L.Chang; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 2: 66 (1959), isonym
= Polygonum multiflorum var. ciliinerve (Nakai) Steward; Contr. Gray Herb. 88: 97 (1930)
= Reynoutria ciliinervis (Nakai) C.F.Fang; Clav. Pl. Chin. Bor.-Or., ed. 2 (ed. P. Y. Fu): 132 (1995), as ´ciliinerve´, isonym
species :
Reynoutria compacta (Hook.f.) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 293 (1926)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Hungary [I]; China; Japan; etc.
11 ger hun 36 CHI 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Fallopia compacta (Hook.f.) G.H.Loos & P.Keil; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 121 (2010)
= Fallopia japonica var. compacta (Hook.f.) J.P.Bailey; Watsonia 17(4): 443 (1989)
= Polygonum compactum Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. t. 6476 (1880)
= Polygonum cuspidatum f. compactum (Hook.f.) Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31: 173 (1911)
= Polygonum cuspidatum var. compactum (Hook.f.) L.H.Bailey; Man. Cult. Pl., ed. 2: 348 (1949)
= Polygonum reynoutria var. compactum (Hook.f.) Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31: 173 (1911)
= Polygonum sieboldii var. compactum (Hook.f.) L.H.Bailey; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2743 (1916)
= Reynoutria compacta (Hook.f.) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 687 (2018), isonym
= Reynoutria japonica var. compacta (Hook.f.) Buchheim; Zander Handw.-Buch Pfl.-Namen 744 (1972), isonym
= Reynoutria japonica var. compacta (Hook.f.) Moldenke; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 675 (1941)
species :
Reynoutria forbesii (Hance) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 69: 180 (1994)
Distribution: China; North Korea; South Korea
36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Fallopia forbesii (Hance) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72(3): 158 (1997)
= Polygonum forbesii Hance; J. Bot. 21(5): 100 (1883)
= Polygonum reynoutria var. elliptica Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 31: 259 (1917)
= Polygonum yunnanense H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 211 (1908)
= Reynoutria elliptica (Koidz.) Migo ex Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 31: 34 (1952)
= Reynoutria yunnanensis (H.Lév.) Nakai ex Migo; J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. Sect. 3, 3: 229 (1937)
species :
Reynoutria japonica Houtt.; Nat. Hist. [Houttuyn] 8: 640 (1777)
Name: Japanischer Flügelknöterich, Japanischer Staudenknöterich (DE), Japanese Knotweed (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I], Outer Hebrides [I], Orkney Isl. [I], Shetland Isl. [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Norway [I]; Finland [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Guernsey [I], Jersey [I], Sark [I]); Italy [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Montenegro [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Greece [I]; Estonia [I]; Belarus [I]; N-European Russia [I]; Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; China (Anhui, Fujian, N-Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, ?Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, ?Liaoning, N-Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Vietnam; Australia [I] (New South Wales [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I]); Chile [I] (Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I])
10 fin grb ire nor 11 aut bgm cze ger hun lie lux net pol slo swi 12 cis fra por spa 13 bih bul cro grc ita mnt rom slv 14 blr est rus 31 RFE 33 geo 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 41 VIE 50 aus 51 nzl 70 ask 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 85 cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 98(4): 369 (1988)
= Fallopia japonica f. colorans (Makino) Yonek.; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 2a: 139 (2006)
= Fallopia japonica var. hachidyoensis (Makino) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72(3): 158 (1997)
= Fallopia japonica var. uzenensis (Honda) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72(3): 158 (1997)
= Pleuropterus cuspidatus (Siebold & Zucc.) H.Gross; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 114 (1919)
= Pleuropterus zuccarinii (Small) Small; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown], ed. 2, 1: 676 (1913)
= Polygonum cuspidatum f. roseum (Satomi) Satomi; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 31: 30 (1983)
= Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 84 (1846) (not Willd. ex Spreng. 1825
= Polygonum cuspidatum var. spectabile Noter; Rev. Hort. Belge Étrangère 35: 232 (1909)
= Polygonum cuspidatum var. terminale (Honda) Ohwi; J. Jap. Bot. 33: 221 (1958)
= Polygonum cuspidatum var. uzenense (Honda) Noda; Fl. Echigo Prov. 2: 195 (1969)
= Polygonum hachidyoense Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 21 (1928)
= Polygonum hachijoense Nakai ex Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 1 (1935), orth. var.
= Polygonum japonicum (Houtt.) S.L.Welsh; Utah Fl., ed. 4: 594 (2008), nom. illeg.
= Polygonum pictum Jacques; J. Soc. Imp. Centr. Hort. 7: 626 (1861)
= Polygonum reynoutria (Houtt.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 15: 84 (1901)
= Polygonum reynoutria f. colorans Makino; Somoku Dzusetsu, ed. 2: 587 (1910)
= Polygonum reynoutria Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 15: 84 (1901)
= Polygonum reynoutria var. humilis Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 293 (1926)
= Polygonum sieboldii de Vriese ex L.H.Bailey; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 3: 1393 (1901), nom. superfl.
= Polygonum zuccarinii Small; Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Coll. 1: 158 (1895)
= Reynoutria hachidyoensis (Makino) Nakai; Kwagaku-no-Nogyo 14(5): 81 (1933)
= Reynoutria hachidyoensis (Makino) Nakai ex Jôtani; Kwagaku-no-Nogyo 14: 5, p. 81 (1933), Honda in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 1 (1935)
= Reynoutria hachidyoensis var. terminalis Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 695 (1935)
= Reynoutria hachijoensis Nakai ex Jôtani; Kwagaku-no-Nogyo 13: 5, p. 24 (1932), et Kwagaku-no-Nogyo 14: 1, p.17 (1933), et Kwagaku-no-Nogyo 14: 3 (1932), p. 14 (1933), Honda, Honda in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 1 (1935)
= Reynoutria hastata (Honda) Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 741 (1938)
= Reynoutria henryi Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 294 (1926), japonice, Migo in J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. Sect. 3, 3: 92 (1935), latine
= Reynoutria japonica f. hastata (Honda) Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 36: 95 (1961)
= Reynoutria japonica f. rosea Satomi; J. Geobot. 11: 52 (1962)
= Reynoutria japonica var. elata [Index Sem.(Tokyo) 1919-1920: 35 (1920)]
= Reynoutria japonica var. hastata Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 52: 140 (1938)
= Reynoutria japonica var. humilis (Nakai) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 293 (1926)
= Reynoutria japonica var. spectabilis (Noter) Moldenke; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 675 (1941)
= Reynoutria japonica var. terminalis (Honda) Kitag.; Wild Fl. Jap. Herb. Pl. 2: 24 (1982)
= Reynoutria japonica var. uzenensis Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 675 (1932)
= Reynoutria uzenensis (Honda) Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 791 (1935)
= Reynoutria yabeana Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 675 (1932)
= Tiniaria japonica (Houtt.) Hedberg; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 40: 399 (1946)
species :
Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 675 (1941)
Name: Tuber fleeceflower (EN), Vielblütiger Flügelknöterich (DE)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; China (Anhui, Fujian, S-Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea [I]; Japan [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Taiwan; Thailand [I]; Vietnam; USA [I] (California [I])
33 GEO 36 CHI 38 jap kor nns TAI 41 tha VIE 76 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Aconogonon hypoleucum (Ohwi) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 151 (1974)
= Bilderdykia multiflora (Thunb.) Roberty & Vautier; Boissiera 10: 55 (1964)
= Fagopyrum multiflorum (Thunb.) Grinţ.; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 1: 476 (1952)
= Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 399 (1981), isonym
= Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 22(2): 77 (1978)
= Fallopia multiflora var. angulata (S.Y.Liu) H.J.Yan, Z.J.Fang & Shi X.Yu; Novon 21(3): 388 (2011)
= Fallopia multiflora var. hypoleuca (Kudo, Sasaki & Ohwi) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72(3): 158 (1997)
= Helxine multiflorum (Thunb.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 10 (1837)
= Pleuropterus angulatus (S.Y.Liu) B.Q.Xu & G.H.Wen; Phytotaxa 668(1): 105 (2024)
= Pleuropterus cordatus (Thunb.) Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21(1): 587 (1848)
= Pleuropterus hypoleucus Nakai; Rigakkai 24(55): 6 (1926), nomen
= Pleuropterus multiflorus (Thunb.) Turcz. ex Nakai; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 267 (1914)
= Polygonum chinense Houtt.; Nat. Hist. [Houttuyn] 2(8): 479 (1777), nom. illeg.
= Polygonum hypoleucum (Nakai) Kudô & Sasaki; Rep. (Annual) Taihoku Bot. Gard. 1: 26 (1931)
= Polygonum hypoleucum (Nakai) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7(3): 130 (1938), isonym
= Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.; Syst. Veg., ed. 14 [J.A.Murray] 379 (1784)
= Polygonum multiflorum var. angulatum S.Y.Liu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 13(4): 390 (1991)
= Polygonum multiflorum var. hypoleucum (Ohwi) T.S.Liu, S.S.Ying & M.J.Lai; Fl. Taiwan 2: 274 (1976)
= Reynoutria multiflora var. hypoleuca (Kudo, Sasaki & Ohwi) S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 2: 142 (2022)
species :
Reynoutria sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Nakai; Enum. Pl. Corea 135 (1922)
Name: Giant Knotweed (EN), Sachalin-Flügelknöterich, Sachalin-Staudenknöterich (DE)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I], Outer Hebrides [I], Shetland Isl. [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Finland [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; France [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; South Africa [I] (KwaZulu-Natal [I]); Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Primorye [I], Sakhalin); South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Montana [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Tennessee [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I]); Chile [I] (Los Lagos [I])
10 fin grb ire 11 bgm cze ger hun lie lux net pol slo swi 12 fra 13 bul cro slv 14 blr rus 27 saf 31 RFE 38 JAP KOR 50 aus 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 85 cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Fallopia sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Ronse Decr.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 98: 369 (1988)
= Pleuropterus sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Moldenke; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 57 (1933 publ. 1932)
= Polygonum sachalinense F.Schmidt; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 233 (1859)
= Reynoutria brachyphylla (Honda) Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 740 (1938)
= Tiniaria sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Janch.; Phyton (Horn) 2: 75 (1950)
species :
Reynoutria ×bohemica Chrtek & Chrtková; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Přír. 152(2): 120 (1983)
Name: Bohemian knotweed (EN), Bastard-Flügelknöterich, Bastard-Staudenknöterich (DE)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I], Outer Hebrides [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Finland [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I] (Guernsey [I]); Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Nova Scotia [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Minnesota [I], Nebraska [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Tennessee [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I])
10 fin grb ire 11 aut bgm cze ger hun lux net pol slo swi 12 cis fra 13 bul cro slv 14 blr rus 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa
Remarks: Reynoutria japonica x sachalinensis. In many regions of Europe more frequent than the parents and under-recorded.
Synonyms: hidden
= Fallopia sachalinensis var. intermedia (Tatew.) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72: 159 (1997)
= Fallopia ×bohemica (Chrtek & Chrtková) J.P.Bailey; Watsonia 17(4): 443 (1989)
= Polygonum sachalinense var. intermedium Tatew.; Res. Bull. Coll. Exp. Forests Coll. Agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 7: 190 (1932)
= Polygonum ×bohemicum (Chrtek & Chrtková) Zika & Jacobson; Rhodora 105(922): 144 (2003)
= Reynoutria sachalinensis var. intermedia (Tatew.) Miyabe & Kudô; J. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 26: 505 (1934)
= Reynoutria ×mizushimae Yokouchi ex T.Shimizu; Fl. Nagano Pref. 1505 (1997)
= Reynoutria ×vivax J.Schmitz & Strank; Florist. Rundbr. 19(1): 19 (1985)
species :
Reynoutria ×moravica (Hodálová & Mered´a) Olshanskyi & Antonenko; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 80(2): 133 (2023)
Distribution: Czech Republic [I]; etc.
11 cze
Remarks: Reynoutria compacta x sachalinensis
Synonyms: hidden
= Fallopia ×moravica Hodálová & Mered´a; Phytotaxa 572(2): 130 (2022)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.09 (Sept. 4th, 2025)

Covering 357,029 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,070 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,054 synonyms,
in total 1,417,941* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

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