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243.0000 Family Rosaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 334 (1789), nom. cons.
97-110 genera, ca. 7.500 spp., of them about 4.000 microspecies in Rubus, Alchemilla and Sorbus
Species listed in database: 7713; hybrids: 496
= Agrimoniaceae Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 395, 574 (1822)
= Alchemillaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 17 (1820)
= Amygdalaceae Marquis; Esq. Règne Vég. 49 (1820), nom. cons.
= Cercocarpaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 287 (1858)
= Chamaemoraceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 349, 980 (1870)
= Coleogynaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 171 (1858)
= Cydoniaceae Schnizl.; Anal. Nat. Ordn. Gew. 14 (1856)
= Dryadaceae Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 395, 577 (1822)
= Fragariaceae Nestl.; Monogr. Potentilla [Nestler] 14 (1816)
= Lindleyaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 166 (1858)
= Malaceae Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 529 (1903), nom. cons.
= Mespilaceae Schultz Sch.; Nat. Syst. Pflanzenr. 509 (1832)
= Neilliaceae Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1: 390 (1855)
= Potentillaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 231 (1820)
= Poteriaceae Raf.; Anal. Nat. 173 (1815)
= Prunaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 511 (1820)
= Pyraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 268, 286 (1818)
= Rhodotypaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 172 (1858)
= Sanguisorbaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 231 (1820)
= Sorbaceae Brenner; Florist. Handb. 94 (1886)
= Spiraeaceae Bertuch; Taf. Allg. Naturgesch. Gewächs-Reich: Enum. 10, Syn. Tab. 3 (1801)
= Tormentillaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 636 (1820)
= Ulmariaceae Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 395, 588 (1822)
243.3856 Genus Rhaphiolepis Lindl.; Bot. Reg., t. 468 (1820) nom. & orth. cons.
Distribution: S-China, Philippines, Indochina
Species listed in database: 12
species :
Rhaphiolepis brevipetiolata J.E.Vidal; Fl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 6: 88 (1968), in adnot.
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Rhaphiolepis ferruginea Metcalf; Lingnan Sci. J. 18(4): 509-510, t. 16 (1939), et ex Hoo, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 196 (1951), descr. ampl.
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Pyrus sodomacea M.F.Fay & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 121 (2018), nom. nov.
variant :
var. serrata Metcalf; Lingnan Sci. J. 18: 511 (1939)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl.; Bot. Reg. 6: t. 468 (1820)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Japan; Taiwan; India [c]; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Java [I]; Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); Norfolk Isl. [I]
36 CHI 38 JAP TAI 40 ind 41 CBD LAO THA VIE 42 jaw 50 aus nfk
Synonyms: hidden
= Crataegus chinensis (Blume) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 432 (1841)
= Crataegus indica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 477 (1753)
= Crataegus rubra Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 1: 320 (1790)
= Crataegus sieboldii (Blume) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 434 (1841)
= Crataegus sinensis Loisel.; Herb. Gén. Amat. 4: t. 247 (1820)
= Eriobotrya chinensis (Blume) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 603 (1832)
= Mespilus chinensis Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1102 (1826)
= Mespilus indica (L.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 4: 73 (1816)
= Mespilus rubra Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 110 (1812)
= Mespilus sieboldii Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1102 (1826)
= Mespilus sinensis Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 4: 70 (1816)
= Opa japonica (Siebold & Zucc.) Seem.; J. Bot. 1: 281 (1863)
= Opa metrosideros Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 309 (1790)
= Photinia sieboldii G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 602 (1832)
= Pyrus mekongensis (Cardot) M.F.Fay & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 112 (2018)
= Pyrus rhaphiolepis M.F.Fay & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 118 (2018), nom. nov. for Crataegus indica L.
= Rhaphiolepis crataegoides M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 3: 113 (1847)
= Rhaphiolepis fragrans E.T.Geddes; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929: 108 (1929)
= Rhaphiolepis gracilis Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5(2): 64-65 (1924)
= Rhaphiolepis impressivena Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 30: 340 (1940)
= Rhaphiolepis indica f. impressivena (Masam.) S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 1: 371 (1985)
= Rhaphiolepis indica f. minor (Makino) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 63(1): 6 (1988)
= Rhaphiolepis indica f. salicifolia G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard. 3: 287 (1886)
= Rhaphiolepis indica var. crataegoides Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 66 (1924)
= Rhaphiolepis indica var. latifolia Cardot; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 380 (1918)
= Rhaphiolepis indica var. mekongensis Cardot; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 380 (1918)
= Rhaphiolepis indica var. minor (Makino) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26: 2 (1974)
= Rhaphiolepis japonica Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 1: 162 (1841)
= Rhaphiolepis kerrii E.T.Geddes; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929: 109 (1929)
= Rhaphiolepis loureiroi Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 508 (1825)
= Rhaphiolepis mekongensis (Cardot) Tagane & H.Toyama; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 66(2): 127 (2015)
= Rhaphiolepis minor (Makino) Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 171 (1909)
= Rhaphiolepis parvibracteolata Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 21(4): 344-345 (1922)
= Rhaphiolepis pheostemon Lindl.; Coll. Bot. [Lindley] 1: t. 3 (1821)
= Rhaphiolepis rubra (Lour.) Lindl.; Coll. Bot. [Lindley] t. 3 (1821)
= Rhaphiolepis rubra var. foliosa Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 66 (1924)
= Rhaphiolepis rubra var. lanceolata Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 67 (1924)
= Rhaphiolepis rubra var. minor (Makino) Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 67 (1924)
= Rhaphiolepis rugosa Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5(2): 62 (1924)
= Rhaphiolepis sieboldii (Blume) Hassk.; Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 10: 146 (1843)
= Rhaphiolepis sinensis (Poir.) M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 3: 114 (1847)
= Rhaphiolepis umbellata var. minor Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16(179): 14 (1902)
variant :
var. spiralis (Blume) Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 65 (1924)
Distribution: Java
42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Crataegus spiralis (Blume) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 434 (1841)
= Mespilus spiralis Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1102 (1826)
= Opa spiralis (Blume) Seem.; J. Bot. 1: 281 (1863)
= Rhaphiolepis spiralis (Blume) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 602 (1832)
variant :
var. shilanensis Y.P.Yang & H.Y.Liu; Taiwania 47: 176 (2002)
Distribution: S-Taiwan (Pingdong Xian)
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhaphiolepis hiiranensis Kaneh.; Formos. Trees, rev. ed. 276, f. 226 (1936), nom. inval.
= Rhaphiolepis indica var. hiiranensis (Kaneh.) Li; Lloydia 4: 235 (1952), nom. inval.
= Rhaphiolepis umbellata var. hiiranensis (Kaneh.) Hatus.; Fl. Ryukyus 312 (1971)
variant :
var. tashiroi Hayata ex Matsum. & Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 22: 129 (1906)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Rhaphiolepis integerrima Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 263 (1838)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Opa integerrima (Hook. & Arn.) Seem.; J. Bot. 1: 281 (1863)
= Opa mertensii (Siebold & Zucc.) Seem.; J. Bot. 1: 281 (1863)
= Pyrus godiva M.F.Fay & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 105 (2018), nom. nov. for Rhaphiolepis integerrima Hook. & Arn.
= Rhaphiolepis indica var. integerrima (Hook. & Arn.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26(1-2): 1 (1974)
= Rhaphiolepis integerrima var. mertensii (Siebold & Zucc.) Makino ex Koidz.; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 34(2): 72 (1913)
= Rhaphiolepis japonica var. integerrima (Hook. & Arn.) Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. 91: t. 5510 (1865)
= Rhaphiolepis mertensii Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 1: 164 (1841)
= Rhaphiolepis mertensii var. ovata (Standish ex J.Dix) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 22 (1916)
= Rhaphiolepis ovata Standish ex J.Dix; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 2: 378 (1862)
= Rhaphiolepis umbellata f. integerrima (Hook.f.) Rehder; Deut. Dendrol. 1915(24): 223 (1916)
= Rhaphiolepis umbellata f. ovata (Briot) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 1: 706 (1906)
= Rhaphiolepis umbellata subsp. integerrima (Hook. & Arn.) Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 31: 274 (1941)
= Rhaphiolepis umbellata var. integerrima (Hook. & Arn.) Masam.; Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ., Biol. 3(1): 111 (1955)
= Rhaphiolepis umbellata var. mertensii (Siebold & Zucc.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16(179): 14 (1902)
species :
Rhaphiolepis jiulongjiangensis P.C.Huang & K.M.Li; J. Nanjing Forest. Univ. 13(4): 85 (1989)
Distribution: China (Fujian)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Pyrus jiulongjiangensis (P.C.Huang & K.M.Li) M.F.Fay & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 108 (2018)
species :
Rhaphiolepis lanceolata Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 13(3): 335-336 (1932)
Distribution: China (?Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Pyrus lanceolata (Hu) M.F.Fay & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 110 (2018)
= Rhaphiolepis hainanensis F.P.Metcalf; Lingnan Sci. J. 18: 511 (1939)
= Rhaphiolepis indica var. angustifolia Cardot; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 380 (1918)
species :
Rhaphiolepis major Cardot; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 380-381 (1918)
Distribution: China (Fujian, S-Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Pyrus major (Cardot) M.F.Fay & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 111 (2018)
= Rhaphiolepis indica var. grandifolia Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 207 (1899)
species :
Rhaphiolepis oblongifolia (Merr. & Rolfe) B.B.Liu & J.Wen; Frontiers Plant Sci. (Online journal) 10-1731: 11 (2020)
Distribution: Philippines
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Eriobotrya oblongifolia Merr. & Rolfe; Philipp. J. Sci., C 3: 102 (1908)
species :
Rhaphiolepis philippinensis (S.Vidal) Kalkman; Blumea 21(2): 434 (1973)
Distribution: Borneo; Philippines
42 BOR PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Eriobotrya acuminatissima Merr. ex Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 71 (1924)
= Eriobotrya luzoniensis (Merr.) Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 69 (1924)
= Eriobotrya philippinensis S.Vidal; Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. 623 (1886)
= Photinia luzonensis Merr.; Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 17: 18 (1904)
= Photinia luzonensis var. acuminatissima Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 71 (1924), nomen
= Pyrus luzoniensis (Merr.) M.F.Fay & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 111 (2018)
= Pyrus philippinensis (S.Vidal) M.F.Fay & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 115 (2018)
species :
Rhaphiolepis salicifolia Lindl.; Coll. Bot. [Lindley] sub t. 3 (1821)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Pyrus gomorrana M.F.Fay & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 105 (2018), nom. nov.
= Rhaphiolepis cheniana Metcalf; Lingnan Sci. J. 18(4): 509, t. 15 (1939)
= Rhaphiolepis kwangsiensis Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 13(3): 335 (1932)
species :
Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Thunb.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 13 (1902)
Distribution: Mozambique [I]; China; South Korea (Cheju Isl.); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Ogasawara Isl. (Keetaajima, Chichijima, Anijima, Otohtojima, Hahajima, Mukohjima, Anejima, Imohtojima, Meijima); Taiwan; New Zealand [I]
26 moz 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 51 nzl
Synonyms: hidden
= Laurus umbellata Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 175 (1784)
= Pyrus umbellularia M.F.Fay & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 124 (2018), nom. nov. for Laurus umbellata Thunb.
= Rhaphiolepis indica f. umbellata (Thunb.) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 63(1): 5 (1988)
= Rhaphiolepis indica f. umbellata (Thunb.) Hatus.; J. Geobot. 25(4): 126 (1978)
= Rhaphiolepis indica subsp. umbellata (Thunb.) Hatus.; Mem. Fac. Agric. Kagoshima Univ. 7: 309 (1970)
= Rhaphiolepis indica var. umbellata (Thunb.) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 63(1): 4 (1988)
= Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Thunb.) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 1: 705 (1906), isonym
= Rhaphiolepis umbellata var. ovata (Standish ex J.Dix) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 6(2): 57 (1906)
variant :
var. liukiuensis Koidz.; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 34: 73 (1913)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.
38 NNS
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhaphiolepis indica var. liukiuensis (Koidz.) Hatus.; Fl. Ryukyus 844 (1971)
= Rhaphiolepis indica var. insularis Hatus.; Fl. Ryukyus 844 (1971), without latin descr.
= Rhaphiolepis indica var. liukiuensis (Koidz.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26(1-2): 2 (1974)
= Rhaphiolepis liukiuensis (Koidz.) Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 63 (1924)
= Rhaphiolepis umbellata subsp. liukiuensis (Koidz.) Masam. & Yanagita; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 31: 274 (1941)
species :
Rhaphiolepis wuzhishanensis W.B.Liao, R.H.Miao & Q.Fan; Novon 17(4): 429 (2007)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Pyrus wuzhishanensis (W.B.Liao, R.H.Miao & Q.Fan) M.F.Fay & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 126 (2018)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life