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480.0000 Family Boraginaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 128 (1789), nom. cons., s. str.
118 genera, ca. 2000 spp.
Species listed in database: 2059; hybrids: 47
= Anchusaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 274, 302 (1818)
= Cerinthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 244 (1820)
= Cynoglossaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 406 (1843)
= Echiaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 61 (1837)
= Onosmaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 437 (1820)
480.3529 Genus Rochelia Rchb.; Flora 7: 243 (1824) [nom. cons.]
Distribution: Eurasia, Mediterranean, China. Sometimes completely or partially included in Lappula s. l.
Species listed in database: 21
= Cervia Rodr. ex Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 7 (1816)
= Maccoya F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 1: 127 (1859)
= Raclathris Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 167 (1838)
species :
Rochelia bungei Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9 2: 462 (1886)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Bamyan, Kabul); China (N-Xinjiang); Mongolia; Pakistan (Gilgit, Baltistan); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Hunza)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 36 CHI 37 MON 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Rochelia incana Bunge; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 7: 419 (1852) (non Kar. & Kir. (1841))
= Rochelia disperma Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 195, nom. illeg.
species :
Rochelia cancellata Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 136 (1856)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Lebanon (C-Lebanon)
34 IRQ LEB TUR
species :
Rochelia chitralensis Y.J.Nasir; Pakistan J. Bot. 23(2): 290 (1991)
Distribution: Pakistan (Chitral)
40 PAK
species :
Rochelia claviculata Popov & Zakirov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Zool. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 10: 12 (1948)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Rochelia disperma (L.f.) C.Koch; Linnaea 22(2): 649 (1849)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia; E- & C-Spain; North Macedonia; Romania; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; South Africa [I] (N-Cape Prov. [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., S-Iran, W-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Afghanistan (Kabul, Paktia / Khost); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Pakistan (Quetta, Kurram, Waziristan, Gilgit); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
11 ger SLO 12 SPA 13 NMA ROM 14 KRY RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 27 saf 32 KAZ KGZ TKM UZB 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Cervia disperma (L.f.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 95 (1928)
= Echinospermum cancellatum (Asso) Delile ex Godr.; Mém. Sect. Sci. Acad. Sci. Montpellier 1: 439 (1853)
= Lappula disperma (L.f.) Sennikov; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tian-Shan 312 (2021)
= Lithospermum dispermum L.f.; Pl. Rar. Horti Upsal. 1: 13 (1762)
= Lithospermum incurvum Thiéb.-Bern. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 487 (1821)
= Messerschmidia cancellata Asso; Syn. Stirp. Aragon. 162 (1779)
= Raclathris cerinthoides Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 167 (1838)
= Rhytispermum dispermum (L.f.) Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 580 (1829)
= Rochelia disperma (L.f.) Wettst.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: Abth. 2, 31 (1885)
= Rochelia saccharata Rchb.; Flora 7: 243 (1824)
= Rochelia stellulata Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 2: 13 (1837)
variant :
var. microcalycina (Bornm.) J.R.Edm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35(3): 308 (1977)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Rochelia karsensis Popov; Spisok Rast. Gerb. Fl. S.S.S.R. Bot. Inst. Vsesojuzn. Akad. Nauk 12: 66 (1953)
= Rochelia microcalycina Bornm.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 21: 79 (1906)
species :
Rochelia drobovii (Popov) Khoshsokhan & Kaz.Osaloo; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 55(4-6): 302 (2018)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KGZ TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinospermum drobovii Popov; Trudy Turkestansk. Gosud. Univ. 4: 56, 63 (1922)
= Lappula drobovii (Popov) Pavlov, Lipsch. & Nevski; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 316 (1937)
= Lappula drobovii (Popov) Pavlov; Sovetsk. Bot. 1934(1): 27 (1934)
species :
Rochelia jackabaghii (Lipsky) Pavlov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 19: 560 (1953)
Distribution: Uzbekistan
32 UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Rochelia retorta var. jackabaghii Lipsky
species :
Rochelia laxa I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 55 (1940)
Distribution: Pakistan (Chitral, Gilgit, Baltistan); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Ladakh, Rupshu)
40 IND PAK
species :
Rochelia leiocarpa Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 1: 172 (1829)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan; China (N-Xinjiang); Mongolia; Pakistan (Gilgit); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI 37 MON 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Lappula leiocarpa (Ledeb.) Sennikov; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tian-Shan 313 (2021)
= Lithospermum ledebourii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 56 (1841), nom. superfl.
= Rochelia incana Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 14: 710 (1841)
= Rochelia lissocarpa Dunn; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 386 (1924)
species :
Rochelia leiosperma (Popov) Golosk.; Fl. Kazakhst. 7: 257 (1964)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Rochelia retorta var. leiosperma Popov
= Rochelia leiosperma Golosk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R. 7: 25 (1971)
species :
Rochelia mirheydari Riedl & Esfand.; Bot. Abteil. Pl. Pests Diseases Res. Inst. 8: 3 (1976)
Distribution: Iran (N-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Rochelia pamirica Dengub.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 68(2): 239 (1983)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
Synonyms: hidden
= Lappula pamirica (B.Fedtsch. ex O.Fedtsch.) Sennikov; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tian-Shan 313 (2021)
species :
Rochelia peduncularis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 35 (1846)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Bamyan, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Logar, Paktia / Khost); China (W-Xinjiang); NW-Tibet; Pakistan (Quetta, Chitral)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 36 CHI TIB 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Lappula peduncularis (Boiss.) Sennikov; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tian-Shan 314 (2021)
species :
Rochelia persica Bunge ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 244 (1875)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon)
32 KAZ TKM 33 AZE NCS 34 IRN IRQ LEB
species :
Rochelia pygmaea Rech.f. & Riedl; Biol. Skr. 13(4) [Symb. Afghan. 5]: 250 (1963)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Ghazni)
34 AFG
species :
Rochelia rectipes Stocks; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 176 (1852)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iran (E-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Bamyan, Logar, Kabul); NW-Tibet; Pakistan (Quetta); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Zanskar)
32 TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 36 TIB 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Rochelia macrocalyx Bunge; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 7: 419 (1851)
species :
Rochelia retorta (Pall.) Lipsky; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 26: 455 (1910)
Distribution: Crimea; Siberia (Altay, Tuva); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan
14 KRY 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 AZE NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Lappula retorta (Pall.) Sennikov; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tian-Shan 314 (2021)
= Lithospermum retortum Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. [Pallas] 3: 718 (1776)
= Rochelia disperma subsp. retorta (Pall.) Kotejowa; Fl. Polska 10: 217 (1963)
= Rochelia dispermoides Bondarenko & Zakirov; Fl. Uzbekist. [A.N.Sennikov] 5: 226, 632 (1961)
species :
Rochelia retrosepala Khat.; Iran. J. Bot. 9(1): 74 (2001)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Rochelia sessiliflora (Boiss.) Khoshsokhan & Kaz.Osaloo; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 55(4-6): 302 (2018)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Armenia; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Herat, Kabul, Logar, Samangan); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jbel Druze); Jordania (S-Jordania); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kalat, etc.)
32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM 34 AFG IRN IRQ JOR LEB SYR TUR 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossospermum sessiliflorum (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 437 (1891)
= Echinospermum sessiliflorum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 124 (1849)
= Heterocaryum divaricatum Stocks ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 253 (1879)
= Lappula sessiliflora (Boiss.) Gürke; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 3a: 107 (1897)
species :
Rochelia stylaris Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 245 (1879)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Baghlan, Bamyan, Herat, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Logar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Peshawar, Khyber, Chitral, Rawalpindi); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Ladakh)
34 AFG 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Rochelia stellulata Aitch.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 178 (1882)
species :
Rochelia zeylanica (Sw. ex Lehm.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 108 (1819)
Name: Ceylon hound´s tongue
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Nangarhar, Parwan); China (Fujian, S-Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); SE-Tibet; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Pakistan (Pakistani Punjab, Murree, Rawalpindi, Swat, Baltistan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (almost throughout); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin, Mandalay, Shan); Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; ?Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao); Java; USA [I] (Florida [I], Louisiana [I], Mississippi [I], Texas [I]); Puerto Rico [I]; Venezuela [I]; Chile [I] (Maule [I], Araucanía [I], Los Lagos [I])
33 geo 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY PHI 77 usa 78 usa 81 pue 82 ven 85 cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa zeylanica Vahl ex Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 176 (1813), nom. illeg.
= Cynoglossum caeruleum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 100 (1825), nom. inval.
= Cynoglossum denticulatum var. zeylanicum (Sw. ex Lehm.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 157 (1883)
= Cynoglossum edgeworthii A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 150 (1846)
= Cynoglossum furcatum f. albiflorum (H.Hara) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 80(6): 329 (2005)
= Cynoglossum furcatum var. lanceolatum C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 156 (1883)
= Cynoglossum furcatum var. tenerum Royle ex Benth.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 306 (1836)
= Cynoglossum furcatum var. villosulum (Nakai) Riedl; Novon 4: 46 (1994)
= Cynoglossum furcatum Wall. ex Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 6 (1824)
= Cynoglossum heynei G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 354 (1837)
= Cynoglossum imeretinum Kusn.; Fl. Caucas. Crit. 4(2): 138 (1913)
= Cynoglossum lanceolatum B.Heyne ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 921 (1829)
= Cynoglossum ovatum Moon; Cat. Pl. Ceylon. 12 (1824), nomen
= Cynoglossum villosulum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 6 (1923)
= Cynoglossum zeylanicum (Sw. ex Lehm.) Thunb. ex Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 546 (1915)
= Cynoglossum zeylanicum f. albiflorum H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 173 (1948)
= Cynoglossum zeylanicum var. lanceolatum (C.B.Clarke) Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 135 (1921)
= Cynoglossum zeylanicum var. villosulum (Nakai) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 84 (1953)
= Echinospermum zeylanicum (Sw. ex Lehm.) Lehm.; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 116 (1818)
= Myosotis zeylanica Sw. ex Lehm.; Neue Schriften Naturf. Ges. Halle 3(2): 20 (1817)
= Paracynoglossum furcatum (Wall.) Popov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 19: 679, 717 (1953), with inadequate basionym ref.
= Paracynoglossum imeretinum (Kusn.) Popov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 19: 676, 717 (1953)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life