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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.8543 Genus Rothmannia Thunb.; Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1776: 63 (1776)
Distribution: Tropical and S-Africa, Seychelles
Species listed in database: 23
species :
Rothmannia annae (E.P.Wright) Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 50 (1958)
Distribution: Seychelles
29 SEY
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia annae E.P.Wright; Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. 24: 575 (1871)
species :
Rothmannia capensis Thunb.; Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 65, f. 2 (1776)
Name: Wild Gardenia
Distribution: Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 BOT SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia capensis (Thunb.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4: 624 (1917)
= Gardenia rothmannia L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 165 (1782)
= Genipa rothmannia (L.f.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. [Baillon] 7: 379 (1880)
= Randia bellatula K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 342 (1903)
species :
Rothmannia ebamutensis Sonké; Syst. & Geogr. Pl. 70(1): 149 (2000)
Distribution: Cameroon
23 CMN
Conservation Status: IUCN EN (Cameroon)
species :
Rothmannia engleriana (K.Schum.) Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 57 (1958)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Mozambique
23 BUR ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Randia engleriana K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 75 (1891)
= Randia katentaniae De Wild.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 140 (1914)
= Randia kuhniana F.Hoffm. & K.Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas [Engler] C 380 (1895)
= Randia lacourtiana De Wild.; Co. Kasai Mission Perman. Études Sci. Résult. Rech. Bot. Agron. 418 (1910)
= Randia lemairei De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 155 (1903)
= Randia ternifolia Ficalho & Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 459 (1898)
= Rothmannia engleriana var. ternifolia (Ficalho & Hiern) Somers; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 61(3-4): 298 (1991)
= Rothmannia kuhniana (F.Hoffm. & K.Schum.) Fagerl.; Ark. Bot. 30A(7): 39 (1943)
species :
Rothmannia fischeri (K.Schum.) Bullock ex Oberm.; Ann. Transvaal Mus. 17: 224 (1937)
subspecies :
subsp. fischeri
Name: Rhodesian Gardenia
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal)
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Randia fischeri K.Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas [Engler] C 381 (1895)
= Randia fischeri var. major K.Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas [Engler] C 381 (1895)
subspecies :
subsp. moramballae (Hiern) Bridson; Kew Bull. 39(1): 70 (1984)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
26 MOZ ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia annae var. moramballae Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 103 (1877)
subspecies :
subsp. verdcourtii Bridson; Kew Bull. 39(1): 68 (1984)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
species :
Rothmannia globosa (Hochst.) Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 56 (1958)
Name: Bell Gardenia
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia globosa Hochst.; Flora 25: 237 (1842)
species :
Rothmannia hispida (K.Schum.) Fagerl.; Ark. Bot. 30A(7): 39 (1943)
Distribution: Guinea; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
22 GHA GUI IVO LBR NGA 23 CAB CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia spathicalyx K.Schum. ex Wernham; J. Bot. 57: 280 (1919)
= Randia hispida K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 437 (1896)
= Randia pynaertii De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 2: 164 (1907)
species :
Rothmannia jollyana N.Hallé; Fl. Gabon 17: 241 (1970)
Distribution: Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]
23 CON GAB
species :
Rothmannia lateriflora (K.Schum.) Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 52 (1958)
Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 BIO CAB CAF CMN CON EQG GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia lateriflora K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 442 (1896)
= Gardenia nigrificans Wernham; J. Bot. 57: 342 (1919)
= Randia bruneelii De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 5: 159 (1907)
species :
Rothmannia libisa N.Hallé; Fl. Gabon 17: 249 (1970)
Distribution: Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 CMN CON EQG GAB ZAI
species :
Rothmannia liebrechtsiana (De Wild. & T.Durand) Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 51 (1958)
Distribution: Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Angola
23 CAB CON GAB ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia calungensis R.D.Good; J. Bot. 64(Suppl. 2): 15 (1926)
= Gardenia letestui Pellegr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 83: 316 (1936)
= Randia liebrechtsiana De Wild. & T.Durand; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 38: 193 (1899)
species :
Rothmannia longiflora Salisb.; Parad. Lond., t. 65 (1807)
Distribution: Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; S-Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Malawi; Trinidad & Tobago [I]
22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR NGA SIE TOG 23 BIO BUR CAB CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI 24 SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW 81 trt
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia jasminiflora Zipp. ex Span.; Linnaea 15: 315 (1841), nom. illeg.
= Gardenia speciosa A.Rich.; Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 5: 240 (1834)
= Gardenia stanleyana Hook. ex Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg., t. 47 (1845), Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4185
= Randia longiflora (Salisb.) Durand & Schinz; Études Fl. Congo [Durand & Schinz] 1: 159 (1896), nom. illeg.
= Randia maculata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 388 (1830)
= Randia sapinii De Wild.; Co. Kasai Mission Perman. Études Sci. Résult. Rech. Bot. Agron. 419 (1910)
= Randia spathacea De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 3: 287 (1910)
= Randia stanleyana (Hook. ex Lindl.) Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 794 (1852)
= Randia thomasii Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 2: 77, in clavi, 78 (1931)
= Rothmannia maculata (DC.) Fagerl.; Ark. Bot. 30A(7): 39 (1943), nom. inval.
= Rothmannia stanleyana (Hook. ex Lindl.) Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 383 (1849)
= Solena maculata (DC.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 801 (1839)
species :
Rothmannia lujae (De Wild.) Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 53 (1958)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
22 NGA 23 CAB CMN CON EQG GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Randia lujae De Wild.; Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 138: 913 (1904)
= Randia coriacea K.Schum. ex Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 2: 78 (1931), nom. superfl.
= Rothmannia coriacea Fagerl.; Ark. Bot. 30A(7): 39 (1943)
species :
Rothmannia macrocarpa (Hiern) Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 55 (1958)
Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 BIO CAB CAF CMN CON EQG GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Randia macrocarpa Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 97 (1877)
= Randia myrmecophylla De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 2: 160 (1907)
= Randia myrmecophylla var. glabra De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 2: 160 (1907)
= Randia myrmecophylla var. subglabra De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 2: 160 (1907)
species :
Rothmannia macrosiphon (K.Schum. ex Engl.) Bridson; Kew Bull. 31(1): 180 (1976)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Randia macrosiphon K.Schum. ex Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1894: 28 (1894)
species :
Rothmannia manganjae (Hiern) J.G.García; Mem. Junta Invest. Ultramar, Ser. Bot. 4: (Contr. Conhec. Fl. Mocamb.) 33 (1958), Keay in Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 56 (1958)
Distribution: Cameroon; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 CMN 25 KEN TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia manganjae Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 102 (1877)
= Randia buchananii Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 14: t. 1356 (1881)
= Randia fratrum K.Krause; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 604 (1929)
= Rothmannia buchananii (Oliv.) Fagerl.; Ark. Bot. 30A(7): 39 (1943)
= Rothmannia fratrum (K.Krause) Fagerl.; Ark. Bot. 30A(7): 39 (1943)
species :
Rothmannia mayumbensis (R.D.Good) Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 54 (1958)
Distribution: Gabon; Cabinda
23 CAB GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Randia mayumbensis R.D.Good; J. Bot. 64(Suppl. 2): 13 (1926)
= Randia mayumbensis var. glabra R.D.Good; J. Bot. 64(Suppl. 2): 14 (1926)
= Rothmannia mayumbensis var. glabra (R.D.Good) Figueiredo; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 154: 478 (2007)
species :
Rothmannia munsae (Schweinf. ex Hiern) E.M.A.Petit; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 31: 12 (1961)
subspecies :
subsp. munsae
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Randia munsae Schweinf. ex Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 99 (1877)
subspecies :
subsp. megalostigma (Wernham) Somers; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 61(3-4): 301 (1991)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; SW-Mali; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
22 BEN GHA GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA SIE 23 CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Randia lanepoolei Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 2: 78 (1931)
= Randia megalostigma Wernham; J. Bot. 57: 279 (1919)
= Rothmannia megalostigma (Wernham) Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 54 (1958)
species :
Rothmannia octomera (Benth. & Hook.f.) Fagerl.; Ark. Bot. 30A(7): 39 (1943)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
22 NGA 23 BIO CAB CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia octomera Hook.; Bot. Mag. 89: t. 5410 (1863)
= Randia cunliffeae Wernham; J. Bot. 52: 6 (1914)
= Randia galtonii Wernham; J. Bot. 52: 6 (1914)
= Randia octomera (Hook.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 89 (1873)
= Sabicea speciosissima K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 338 (1903)
species :
Rothmannia ravae (Chiov) Bridson; Kew Bull. 39(1): 71 (1984)
Distribution: Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania
24 SOM 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Randia ravae Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 237 (1932)
species :
Rothmannia talbotii (Wernham) Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 55 (1958)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
22 NGA 23 CAB CMN CON EQG GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Randia talbotii Wernham; Cat. Pl. Oban [Rendle et al.] 45 (1913)
= Randia tubiformis Pellegr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 82: 466 (1935 publ. 1936)
species :
Rothmannia umbelliformis (Schweinf. ex Hiern) Bullock ex Robyns; Fl. Spermatophyt. Parc Nat. Albert 2: 340 (1947)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; ?Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
22 BEN GHA GUI IVO LBR NGA SIE 23 BIO BUR CAF CMN CON GAB SAO ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia riparia K.Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas [Engler] C 381 (1895)
= Gardenia tigrina Welw. ex Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 462 (1898)
= Gardenia umbelliformis Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 104 (1877)
= Randia spathicalyx De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 3: 287 (1910)
= Randia stenophylla K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 140 (1909)
= Randia umbelliformis (Hiern) Schweinf. ex Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 104 (1877)
= Randia violascens Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 459 (1898)
= Rothmannia arcuata Bremek.; Cat. Vasc. Pl. S. Tomé [Exell] 23 (1956)
= Rothmannia riparia (K.Schum.) Fagerl.; Ark. Bot. 30A(7): 39 (1943)
= Rothmannia spathicalyx (De Wild.) Fagerl.; Ark. Bot. 30A(7): 40 (1943)
species :
Rothmannia whitfieldii (Lindl.) Dandy; Fl. Pl. Sudan 2: 461 (1952)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; SW-Mali; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; ?Chad; South Sudan; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe
22 BEN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA SEN SIE 23 BUR CAB CAF CMN CON EQG GAB ZAI 24 SSU 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia malleifera Hook.; Bot. Mag. 73: t. 4307 (1847)
= Gardenia whitfieldii Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 31: t. 47 (1845)
= Genipa malleifera (Hook.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. [Baillon] 7: 379 (1880)
= Randia cuvelierana De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 1: 79 (1906)
= Randia eetveldiana De Wild. & T.Durand; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 38: 194 (1899)
= Randia homblei De Wild.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 139 (1914)
= Randia malleifera (Hook.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 89 (1873)
= Randia malleiflora Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 795 (1852)
= Randia stolzii K.Schum. & K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 526 (1907)
= Rothmannia eetveldiana (De Wild. & T.Durand) Fagerl.; Ark. Bot. 30A(7): 39 (1943)
= Rothmannia malleifera (Hook.) Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 383 (1849)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life