282.0000
Family
Malvaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 271 (1789), nom. cons.
249 genera, ca. 5400 spp.
Species listed in database: 5542; hybrids: 40
= Berryaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xxxvii (2001), Family
= Bombacaceae Kunth; Malvac., Büttner., Tiliac. 5 (1822), nom. cons.
= Brownlowiaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Byttneriaceae R.Br.; Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 540 (1814), nom. cons.
= Chiranthodendraceae A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 303 (1887)
= Dombeyaceae Desf.; Tabl. Ecole Bot., ed. 3: 252 (1829), nom. cons.
= Durionaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Grewiaceae Doweld & Reveal; Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 71: 100 (2005)
= Helicteraceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858), Family
= Hermanniaceae Marquis; Esq. Règne Vég. 52 (1820)
= Hibiscaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 275 (1858)
= Lasiopetalaceae Rchb.; Mag. Aesth. Bot. 1(2): ad t. 37 (1823)
= Mansoniaceae A.Chev.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 38(1): 852 (1913)
= Melochiaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 271 (1858)
= Pentapetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Philippodendraceae A.Juss.; Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 9: 735 (1847)
= Plagianthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 272 (1858)
= Sidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Sparrmanniaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 260 (1858)
= Sterculiaceae Vent.; Parad. Lond. 2: ad t. 69 (1807), nom. cons.
= Theobromataceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858)
= Tiliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 289 (1789), nom. cons.
282.9626
Genus
Sabdariffa Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5: 1857 (1836)
Distribution: tropical Old World
Species listed in database: 119
species :
Sabdariffa acetosella
(Welw. ex Hiern) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 24 (2025)
Name: African rosemallow (EN)
Distribution: Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; Principe Isl. [I]; São Tomé [I]; South Sudan [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Angola; W-Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Taiwan [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Thailand [I]; Borneo [I]; Brunei [I]; Java [I]; USA [I] (Florida [I]); Mexico [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Bahamas [I]; Jamaica [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [c]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [c]; Paraguay [I]
22 ben 23 BUR cmn pri sao ZAI 24 ssu 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 29 mau reu 38 tai 40 ban 41 tha 42 bor brn jaw 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos nic 81 bah his jam pue 82 clm ven 83 bol ecu per 85 par
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus acetosella Ficalho; Bol. Soc. Geogr. Lisboa, Ser. 2, 608 (1896), nom. nud.
= Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1(pt. 1): 73 (1896)
= Hibiscus eetveldeanus De Wild. & T.Durand; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 38(1, Comp. Rend.): 24 (1899)
= Hibiscus surattensis var. eetveldeanus (De Wild. & T.Durand) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 49-51 (1902)
species :
Sabdariffa aculeata
(Walter) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 26 (2025)
Name: Comfortroot, Pineland hibiscus (ESN)
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas)
77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus scaber Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 45 (1803)
= Hibiscus aculeatus Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 177 (1788)
species :
Sabdariffa adscensionis
(Fryxell & Krapov.) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 26 (2025)
Name: Algodón de la pampa (ES)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus adscensionis Fryxell & Krapov.; Novon 14(1): 58 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa altissima
(Hornby) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 26 (2025)
Distribution: S-Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal)
26 MOZ ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus altissimus Hornby; Proc. & Trans. Rhodesia Sci. Assoc. 41: 55 (1946)
species :
Sabdariffa amambayensis
(Krapov. & Fryxell) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 26 (2025)
Distribution: Paraguay (Amambay)
85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus amambayensis Krapov. & Fryxell; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 13(1-4): 79 (2004)
= Hibiscus cucurbitaceus var. acuminatus Hassl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 378 (1909)
species :
Sabdariffa andersonii
(Krapov. & Fryxell) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 26 (2025)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus andersonii Krapov. & Fryxell; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 13(1-4): 90 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa aneuthe
(Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 28 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus aneuthe Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell; Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(2): 188 (2003)
species :
Sabdariffa aphela
(Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 28 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus aphelus Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell; Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(2): 188 (2003)
species :
Sabdariffa arnhemensis
(F.D.Wilson) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 28 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus arnhemensis F.D.Wilson; Austral. J. Bot. 22(1): 175 (1974)
species :
Sabdariffa aspera
(Hook.f.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 28 (2025)
Distribution: Mauritania; Mali; Burkina Faso; Niger; Ghana; Ivory Coast; Cameroon; Ivory Coast; Guinea; Liberia; Mali; Mauritania; Niger; Senegal; Sierra Leone; ?Angola; etc.
22 BKN GHA GUI IVO LBR MLI MTN NGR SEN SIE 23 CMN
Remarks: often included in S. cannabina s. l.; distribution most likely incomplete
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus asper Hook.f.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 228 (1849)
= Hibiscus vanderystii De Wild.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 5: 35 (1915)
= Hibiscus malangensis Baker f. [J.Bot.77: 22 (1939)]
species :
Sabdariffa australensis
(Fosberg) R.L.Barrett & M.M.Hanes; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 30 (2025)
Distribution: Austral Isl. (Tubuai)
61 AUI
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus australensis Fosberg; Micronesica 2: 156 (1967)
species :
Sabdariffa bacalusia
(Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 30 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus bacalusius Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell; Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(2): 192 (2003)
species :
Sabdariffa benensis
(Fryxell & Krapov.) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 30 (2025)
Distribution: Bolivia (Beni, La Paz)
83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus benensis Fryxell & Krapov.; Novon 14(1): 59 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa berberidifolia
(A.Rich.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 30 (2025)
Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus berberidifolius A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 56 (1847)
= Hibiscus diversifolius var. witteanus Hochr.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 18: 276 (1947)
= Hibiscus parvilobus F.D.Wilson; Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London, Bot. 29: 67 (1999)
species :
Sabdariffa bifurcata
(Cav.) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 31 (2025)
Name: Fork-bracted rosemallow (EN); Hibisco de laguna, Hibisco del pinar, Hibisco de sabana, Hibiscus del pinar, Majaguilla de pinar, Majaguilla del pinar (Cuba), Gombo de nuit, Gombo riviere (Lesser Antilles), Buenas tardes, Buenos dias (Puerto Rico)
Distribution: Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Guadeloupe; Martinique; St. Vincent; Trinidad; Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Trujillo, Yaracuy); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amapa, Pará, Acre); NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná); Argentina (Chaco)
80 BLZ HON NIC PAN 81 CUB GDL HIS JAM MAR PUE STV TRT 82 FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus bicornis G.Mey.; Prim. Fl. Esseq. 231 (1818)
= Hibiscus bifurcatus Cav.; Diss. 3, Tertia Diss. Bot.: 146, t. 51, f. 1 (1787)
= Hibiscus bifurcatus f. glaber Gürke; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(3): 561 (1892)
= Hibiscus bifurcatus var. glaber (Gürke) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 109 (1900)
= Hibiscus bifurcatus f. pilosus Gürke; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(3): 561 (1892)
= Hibiscus bifurcatus var. bicornis Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 109 (1900)
= Hibiscus decipiens A.St.-Hil.; Fl. Bras. Merid., ed. 4, 1(7): 247 (1828)
= Hibiscus fluminensis Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 282 7: t. 34 (1825 publ. 1829)
= Hibiscus quinquelobatus Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 283 9: t. 34 (1825 publ. 1829)
species :
Sabdariffa brackenridgei
(A.Gray) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 33 (2025)
subspecies :
subsp. brackenridgei
Distribution: Hawaii (Maui)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus brackenridgei A.Gray; U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 15(1): 175 (1854)
subspecies :
subsp. mokuleiana
(M.J.Roe) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 33 (2025)
Distribution: Hawaii (+Kauai, Oahu)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus brackenridgei subsp. mokuleianus (M.J.Roe) D.M.Bates; Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 29: 105 (1989)
= Hibiscus brackenridgei var. mokuleianus M.J.Roe; Pacific Sci. 15: 12 (1961)
subspecies :
subsp. molokaiana
(Rock ex Caum) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 33 (2025)
Distribution: +Hawaii (+Molokai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Extinct
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus brackenridgei subsp. molokaianus (Rock ex Caum) F.D.Wilson; Brittonia 45(4): 278 (1993)
= Hibiscus brackenridgei var. molokaianus Rock ex Caum; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 9(5): 4 (1930)
species :
Sabdariffa byrnesii
(F.D.Wilson) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 33 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus byrnesii F.D.Wilson; Austral. J. Bot. 22(1): 177 (1974)
species :
Sabdariffa cannabina
(L.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 35 (2025)
Name: Brown Indianhemp; Rosella, Mananita, Malva loca, Kenaf, Flor de San Juan (Cuba), Cadillo (Dominican Republic), Deccan hemp (Jamaica), Gombo chanvre, Groseille, Pavona encenida (Lesser Antilles), Pavona encendida, Mananera (Puerto Rico)
Distribution: Hungary [I]; European Russia [I]; Cape Verde Isl. (Ilha de Maio, Ilha de Sao Tiago); Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Mali; Burkina Faso; ?Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Iraq [I] (NW-Iraq [I], SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia [I]); Iran [I] (N-Iran [I]); Afghanistan [I]; Sinai peninsula [I] (C-Sinai [I]); Yemen [I] (Tihama [I], W-Yemen [I]); China [I] (Guangdong [I], Hebei [I], Heilongjiang [I], Jiangsu [I], Liaoning [I], Yunnan [I], Zhejiang [I]); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal [c]; India [I] (throughout); Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Vietnam [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Java [I]; Australia [I] (Queensland [I]); New Caledonia [I]; Niue [I]; Honduras [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; St. Barthélémy [I]; St. Kitts [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Martinique [I]; Tobago [I]; Trinidad [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Peru [I]
11 hun 14 rus 21 CVI 22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI MLI NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 BUR CAF CMN CON RWA ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 29 MDG 31 rfe 32 kaz tkm uzb 34 afg irn irq sin 35 yem 36 chi 38 tai 40 ban ind nep pak srl 41 lao mya tha vie 42 jaw sul 50 aus 60 nue nwc 80 cos hon 81 cub gdl his jam mar pue sba stk trt 82 clm ven 83 per
Synonyms: hidden
= Abelmoschus congener (Schumach. & Thonn.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 308 (1843)
= Furcaria cannabina (L.) Ulbr.; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3(2): 400 (1921), et in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 166 (1922)
= Furcaria cavanillesii Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5: 1856 (1836)
= Hibiscus cannabinus L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1149 (1759)
= Hibiscus cannabinus var. chevalieri Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 5: 125 (1901)
= Hibiscus cannabinus var. purpureus A.Howard & G.Howard; Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Bot. Ser. 4: 17 (1911)
= Hibiscus cannabinus var. ruber A.Howard & G.Howard; Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Bot. Ser. 4: 17, pl. 3 (1911)
= Hibiscus cannabinus var. simplex A.Howard & G.Howard; Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Bot. Ser. 4: 16 (1911)
= Hibiscus cannabinus var. tripartitus (Forssk.) Chiov.; Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1923: 115 (1923)
= Hibiscus cannabinus var. viridis A.Howard & G.Howard; Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Bot. Ser. 4: 16 (1911)
= Hibiscus congener Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 319 (1827)
= Hibiscus henriquesii Pires de Lima; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 19: 138 (1921)
= Hibiscus obtusatus Schumach.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 321 (1827)
= Hibiscus sabdariffa subsp. cannabinus (L.) Panigrahi & Murti; Fl. Bilaspur Distr. 1: 127 (1989)
= Hibiscus tripartitus Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 126 (1775) (tentative synonym)
= Hibiscus vitifolius Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 8 (1768)
= Hibiscus wightianus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2695 A (1831), nomen
= Ketmia glandulosa Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 202 (1802)
species :
Sabdariffa capitalensis
(Krapov. & Fryxell) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 36 (2025)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus capitalensis Krapov. & Fryxell; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 13(1-4): 96 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa ceratophora
(Thulin) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 37 (2025)
Distribution: S-Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus ceratophorus Thulin; Nordic J. Bot. 19(3): 337 (1999)
= Hibiscus furcatus var. microcarpus Mattei; Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 7: 103 (1908)
species :
Sabdariffa chancoae
(Krapov. & Fryxell) M.C.Duarte & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 38 (2025)
Distribution: Peru (San Martin)
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus chancoae Krapov. & Fryxell; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 13(1-4): 58 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa chapadensis
(Krapov. & Fryxell) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 38 (2025)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus chapadensis Krapov. & Fryxell; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 13(1-4): 83 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa commixta
(Fryxell & Krapov.) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 38 (2025)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz)
83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus commixtus Fryxell & Krapov.; Novon 14(1): 61 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa conceptionis
(Fryxell & Krapov.) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 38 (2025)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus conceptionis Fryxell & Krapov.; Novon 14(1): 61 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa cordofana
(Turcz.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 38 (2025)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Sudan; Chad
24 CHA ETH SUD
Remarks: often included in S. cannabina. Distribution most likely incomplete
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus cordofanus Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 193 (1858)
= Hibiscus cannabinus var. punctatus (A.Rich.) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 20: 82 (1916)
= Hibiscus verrucosus var. punctatus A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 59 (1847)
species :
Sabdariffa costata
(A.Rich.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 39 (2025)
Name: Baba de perro, Hibisco del pinar, Hibisco de sabana, Hibiscus de sabana, Majaguilla, Majaguilla del pinar, Malva rosa silvestre (Cuba)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; ?Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON PAN 81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus australis Rose; Enum. Pl. Guatem. 6: 4 (1903), nomen, Standl. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 778
= Hibiscus costatus A.Rich.; Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 138 (1841)
= Hibiscus costatus var. glabellus R.E.Fr.; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., Ser. 3, 24(2): 30 (1947)
species :
Sabdariffa cuanzensis
(Exell & Mendonça) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 40 (2025)
Distribution: NW-Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus cuanzensis Exell & Mendonça; J. Bot. 74: 136 (1936)
species :
Sabdariffa cucurbitacea
(A.St.-Hil.) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 40 (2025)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Abelmoschus cucurbitaceus (A.St.-Hil.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 310 (1842)
= Hibiscus cucurbitaceus A.St.-Hil.; Fl. Bras. Merid. [A.St.-Hilaire] 1: 244 (1827)
= Hibiscus cupularis var. strigosus Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 408 (1928)
= Hibiscus paulae Krapov.; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 22(2): 137 (2013)
species :
Sabdariffa cummingii
(Wannan) R.L.Barrett & McLay; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 40 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (N-Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus cummingii Wannan; Austrobaileya 14: 28 (2024)
species :
Sabdariffa divaricata
(Graham) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 40 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Abelmoschus divaricatus (Graham) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 309 (1842)
= Hibiscus divaricatus Graham; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 367 (1830)
= Hibiscus divaricatus var. luteus Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 121 (1900)
= Hibiscus fitzgeraldii F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 8: 242 (1874)
= Hibiscus heterophyllus subsp. luteus (Hochr.) F.D.Wilson; Austral. J. Bot. 22: 170 (1974)
= Hibiscus heterophyllus var. flaviflorus F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 6: 170 (1868)
= Hibiscus magnificus F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 2: 118 (1860)
species :
Sabdariffa diversifolia
(Jacq.) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 42 (2025)
subspecies :
subsp. diversifolia
Distribution: Senegal; NE-Burkina Faso; N-Benin; Niger; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; SW-Chad; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); St. Helena; Madagascar; Mauritius; Myanmar [I]; Philippines; New Guinea; Australia (Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales); Lord Howe Isl.; Norfolk Isl.; New Zealand (coastal North Cape to Ahipara Bay); New Caledonia; Vanuatu; Fiji; Cook Isl. (Rarotonga); Mexico [I]; Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Socorro); Belize [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Galapagos
22 BEN NGR SEN 23 BUR CMN CON RWA ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF 28 STH 29 MAU MDG 41 mya 42 NWG PHI 50 AUS LHI NFK 51 NZL 60 FIJ NWC VAN 61 COO 79 mex RGI 80 blz cos 83 GAL
Remarks: likely native in the Pacific fide Barrett et al. 2025
Synonyms: hidden
= Abelmoschus persicifolius (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 308 (1842)
= Althaea spicata (Cav.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 108 (1826)
= Furcaria diversifolia (Jacq.) Ulbr.; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3(2): 402 (1921), et in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 168 (1922)
= Hibiscus beckleri F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 2: 117 (1861)
= Hibiscus biflorus A.Spreng.; Tent. Suppl. 19 (1828)
= Hibiscus decaisneanus Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 119 (1900)
= Hibiscus diversifolius Jacq.; Icon. Pl. Rar. [Jacquin] t. 551, Coll. 2: 307 (1789)
= Hibiscus diversifolius var. angustilobus Hauman; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 31: 86 (1961)
= Hibiscus diversifolius var. witteanus Cufod.; non Hochr.
= Hibiscus ficulneus Cav.; Diss. 3, Tertia Diss. Bot. 148 (t. 51, f. 2) (1787) non L.
= Hibiscus keilii Ulbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 681 (1924) (uncertain synonym)
= Hibiscus macularis E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 1: 171 (1860), nom. inval.
= Hibiscus paludosus Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 3: 151 (1908)
= Hibiscus scaber Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 350 (1792)
= Hibiscus spicatus Cav.; Diss. 3, Tertia Diss. Bot.: 163 (1787)
subspecies :
subsp. agioxillos
(Vell.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 44 (2025)
Distribution: Angola; Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda; Malawi; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia (Caprivi Strip); Botswana; SE-Brazil [I]; Australia [I] (N-Queensland [I])
25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM 50 aus 84 bra
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus diversifolius subsp. rivularis (Bremek. & Oberm.) Exell; Fl. Zambes. 1(2): 444 (1961)
= Hibiscus rivularis Bremek. & Oberm.; Ann. Transvaal Mus. 16: 424 (1935)
= Hibiscus agioxillos Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 283 (1825 publ. 1829)
= Hibiscus spinulosus Huber; Cat. Gén. 1871 & 1872: 4 (1871), non (W. V. Fitzg.) F. D. Wilson 1974
species :
Sabdariffa elongatifolia
(Hochr.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 44 (2025)
Distribution: +W-Cameroon
23 CMN
Remarks: only known from the types collected in 1897
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus elongatifolius Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 117 (1900)
species :
Sabdariffa fabiana
(Cheek) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 44 (2025)
Distribution: Guinea
22 GUI
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus fabiana Cheek; Blumea 65(1): 70 (2020)
species :
Sabdariffa fallax
(Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 46 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus fallax Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell; Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(2): 192 (2003)
species :
Sabdariffa ferreirae
(Fryxell & Krapov.) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 46 (2025)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Rondônia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus ferreirae Fryxell & Krapov.; Novon 14(1): 65 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa fijiensis
(F.D.Wilson) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 46 (2025)
Distribution: Fiji (Vanua Levu)
60 FIJ
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus fijiensis F.D.Wilson; Brittonia 45(4): 282 (1993)
species :
Sabdariffa flagelliformis
(A.St.-Hil.) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 46 (2025)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus flagellaris Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 305 (1842)
= Hibiscus flagelliformis A.St.-Hil.; Fl. Bras. Merid. [A.St.-Hilaire] 1: 243 (1827)
species :
Sabdariffa flavorosea
(Baker f.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 46 (2025)
Distribution: +NE-Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: only known from the type collected 1932
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus flavoroseus Baker f. [J.Bot.77: 20 (1939)]
species :
Sabdariffa forsteri
(F.D.Wilson) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 46 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus forsteri F.D.Wilson; Austrobaileya 4(3): 439 (1995)
species :
Sabdariffa fryxelii
(Mabb.) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 47 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (NE-Western Australia, NW-Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus fryxellii Mabb.; Taxon 34(3): 451 (1985), nom. nov.
= Hibiscus spinulosus (W.Fitzg.) F.D.Wilson 1974 Austral.J.Bot.22(1): 178 (1974)
= Hibiscus zonatus var. spinulosus W.Fitzg.; J. Proc. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 3: 173 (1918)
species :
Sabdariffa furcata
(Willd.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 47 (2025)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh); ?Thailand
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus furcatus Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 736 (1809)
= Hibiscus surattensis var. furcatus (Willd.) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 112 (1900)
species :
Sabdariffa furcellata
(Lam.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 47 (2025)
Name: Lindenleaf rosemallow (EN)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Hawaii Isl.); USA (Florida); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Nayarit, Puebla, Queretaro, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Haiti; Puerto Rico; Dominica; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Bolívar, Casanare, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Guainía, Meta, Putumayo, Santander, Valle, Vaupés, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Guarico, Monagas, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amapa, Pará, Amazonas, Tocantins, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Piauí, Paraíba, Bahia, Alagoas); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Amambay, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones)
63 HAW 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB DOM HIS PUE TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Furcaria furcellata (Desr.) Ulbr.; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3(2): 400 (1921), et in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 8: 166 (1922)
= Hibiscus corylifolius C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 2: 133 (1835)
= Hibiscus diodon DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 449 (1824)
= Hibiscus dominicus Hochr.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 300 (1905)
= Hibiscus fraternus Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mex., ed. 2: 159 (1894) (non L.)
= Hibiscus furcellatus Desr.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 358 (1792)
= Hibiscus furcellatus var. afurca Uittien; Fl. Suriname [Pulle] 3: 21 (1932)
= Hibiscus furcellatus var. azuensis Urb. & Helwig; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 236 (1928)
= Hibiscus furcellatus var. diodon (DC.) Uittien; Fl. Suriname [Pulle] 3: 21 (1932)
= Hibiscus furcellatus var. dominicus (Hochr.) Hassl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 379 (1909)
= Hibiscus furcellatus var. multiformis Gürke; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(3): 563 (1892)
= Hibiscus furcellatus var. subpalmatus Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 107 (1900)
= Hibiscus furcellatus var. youngianus (Gaud. ex Hook. & Arn.) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 107 (1900)
= Hibiscus tomentosus A.Stahl; Estud. Fl. Puerto-Rico 2: 92 (1884), nom. illeg.
= Hibiscus trilobatus Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 281 7: t. 29 (1825 publ. 1829)
= Hibiscus youngianus Gaud.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 91 (1827)
= Hibiscus youngianus Gaud. ex Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 79 (1832)
species :
Sabdariffa furcellatoides
(Hochr.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 49 (2025)
Distribution: Guinea
22 GUI
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus furcellatoides Hochr.; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 248 (1917)
species :
Sabdariffa gilletii
(De Wild.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 50 (2025)
subspecies :
subsp. gilletii
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola
23 ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus gilletii De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 1: 166 (1904)
= Hibiscus poggei Gürke ex Engl.; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3, 2: 400 (1921)
subspecies :
subsp. hierniana
(Exell & Mendonça) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 50 (2025)
Distribution: Angola; Zambia
26 ANG ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus gilletii subsp. hiernianus (Exell & Mendonça) F.D.Wilson; Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London, Bot. 29(1): 71 (1999)
= Hibiscus hiernianus Exell & Mendonça; J. Bot. 74: 136 (1936)
subspecies :
subsp. lundaensis
(Baker f.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 50 (2025)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus gilletii subsp. lundaensis (Baker f.) F.D.Wilson; Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London, Bot. 29(1): 71 (1999)
= Hibiscus lundaensis Baker f. [J.Bot.77: 21 (1939)]
species :
Sabdariffa goossensii
(Hauman) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 50 (2025)
Distribution: +W-D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Remarks: only known from the type collected in 1920
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus goossensii (Hauman) F.D.Wilson; Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London, Bot. 29(1): 56 (1999)
= Hibiscus rostellatus var. goosensii Hauman; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 31: 88 (1961)
species :
Sabdariffa gossypiifolia
(Mill.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 50 (2025)
Name: Agrio de guinea, Aleluya, Aleluya roja de Guinea, Quimbombo chino, Rosella, Roselle, Sereni (Cuba), Kenaf, Hibiscus, Maravilla, Vinagrillo (Dominican Republic), Oseille de Guinee, Roselle (Haiti), Jamaican sorrel, Red sorrel, Roselle, Sorrel (Jamaica), Agrio de Guinea, Vina (Puerto Rico), Jamaica sorrel, Red sorrel, Roselle, Sorrel (Virgin Isl.
Distribution: Egypt [I] (Desert Oases [I], Nile Valley [I]); Gambia [I]; Guinea [I]; Mali [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Togo [I]; Benin [I]; Nigeria; Cameroon [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; São Tomé [I]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; NE-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Angola [I]; Zambia [I]; Mozambique [I]; Namibia [I]; South Africa [I]; Madagascar [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Iraq [I] (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia [I]); China [I] (Fujian [I], Guangdong [I], Yunnan [I], Hainan [I]); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal [I]; India [c]; Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl. [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Laos [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Moluccas [I]; Solomon Isl. [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I]); Rotuma Isl. [I]; Niue [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Fiji [I]; Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Truk [I], Moen [I], Dublon [I]); Mexico [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Jamaica [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I]; St. Eustatius [I]; St. Kitts [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Barbados [I]; Tobago [I]; Trinidad [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Guyana [I]; Surinam [I]; French Guiana [I]; Peru [I]
20 egy 22 ben bkn gam gui mli NGA tog 23 bio CAF cmn CON GAB sao 24 CHA SSU SUD 26 ang moz zam 27 nam saf 29 mau mdg reu 34 irq 36 chi 38 tai 40 ban ind nep pak srl 41 and cbd lao mya ncb tha vie 42 jaw mol phi 43 sol 50 aus 60 fij nue rot van 62 gum mic 79 mex 80 cos els hon nic pan 81 bbd gdl his jam mar pue ste stk stv trt vir 82 clm frg guy sur ven 83 per
Remarks: native area somewhat uncertain, but probably Central Africa
Synonyms: hidden
= Abelmoschus cruentus Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 310 (1842), nom. superfl.
= Furcaria sabdariffa (L.) Ulbr.; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3(2): 402 (1921), et in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 168 (1922)
= Hibiscus acetosus Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5: ed. I. Art. 4: 17 (1790), nomen
= Hibiscus cruentus Bertol.; Nov. Comm. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bonon. 4: 428-429, t. 45 (1840), nom. nov. superfl.
= Hibiscus cuneatus Bertol.; Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. 3: 138 (1840)
= Hibiscus digitatus Cav.; Diss. 3, Tertia Diss. Bot.: 151, t. 70, f. 2 (1778)
= Hibiscus digitatus var. kerrianus DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 453 (1824)
= Hibiscus fraternus L.; Pl. Surin. 12 (1775)
= Hibiscus gossypifolius Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 10 (1768)
= Hibiscus masuianus De Wild. & T.Durand; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique, Compt. Rend. 38: 20 (1899)
= Hibiscus palmatilobus Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1(64): 509 (1885)
= Hibiscus sabdariffa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 695-696 (1753), nom. cons.
= Hibiscus sabdariffa var. albus A.Howard & G.Howard; Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Bot. Ser. 4: 32, 36, pl. 6 (1911)
= Hibiscus sabdariffa var. bhaghalpuriensis A.Howard & G.Howard; Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Bot. Ser. 4: 33, 36, pl. 6 (1911)
= Hibiscus sabdariffa var. intermedius A.Howard & G.Howard; Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Bot. Ser. 4: 32, 33, pl. 7 (1911)
= Hibiscus sabdariffa var. ruber A.Howard & G.Howard; Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Bot. Ser. 4: 32, 35, pl. 6 (1911)
= Hibiscus sanguineus Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 520 (1854)
= Sabdariffa digitata (Cav.) Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5: 1857 (1836)
= Sabdariffa rubra Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5: 1857 (1836)
species :
Sabdariffa granitica
(Wannan) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 53 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (N-Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus graniticus Wannan; Austrobaileya 12: 20 (2022)
species :
Sabdariffa greenwayi
(Baker f.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 53 (2025)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya; NE-Tanzania
25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus greenwayi Baker f. [J.Bot.75: 99 (1937)]
species :
Sabdariffa gregoryi
(Krapov. & Fryxell) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 53 (2025)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus gregoryi Krapov. & Fryxell; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 13(1-4): 94 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa hassleriana
(Hochr.) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 54 (2025)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); Paraguay (Amambay, Canindeyu)
84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus hasslerianus Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 51 (1902)
species :
Sabdariffa henningsiana
(Gürke) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 54 (2025)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará, Tocantins); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus henningsianus Gürke; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(3): 559 (1892)
species :
Sabdariffa heterophylla
(Vent.) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 55 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus aculeatus F.Dietr.; Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 3: 678 (1817) non Walter 1788
= Hibiscus amaliae Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 404 (1928)
= Hibiscus flabellatus Desf.; Tabl. École Bot. 147 (1804)
= Hibiscus grandiflorus Salisb.; Parad. Lond., t. 22 (1805)
= Hibiscus heterophyllus var. discolor Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 405 (1928)
= Hibiscus heterophyllus var. hispidifolius F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 6: 170 (1868)
= Hibiscus heterophyllus var. leefei Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 122 (1900)
= Hibiscus heterophyllus var. margeriae (A.Cunn. ex Benth.) Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 405 (1928)
= Hibiscus heterophyllus Vent.; Jard. Malmaison 103, t. 103 (1805)
= Hibiscus persicifolius Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 38 (1834 publ. 1835)
= Hibiscus margeriae A.Cunn. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 213 (1863)
= Hibiscus procerus Wall.; Numer. List. no. 2692, p. 91 (1831), nomen
species :
Sabdariffa hilariana
(Krapov. & Fryxell) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 56 (2025)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus cabralensis Krapov.; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 15(1-2): 47 (2006)
= Hibiscus cucurbitaceus var. cuneifolius A.St.-Hil.; Fl. Bras. Merid. [A.St.-Hilaire] 1: 244 (1828)
= Hibiscus hilarianus Krapov. & Fryxell; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 13(1-4): 82 (2004), nom. nov.
species :
Sabdariffa hispidissima
(Griff.) R.L.Barrett & M.M.Hanes; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 56 (2025)
Distribution: South Sudan [I]; Pakistan [I] (Sind [I]); Nepal [I]; India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
24 ssu 40 BAN IND nep pak SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Furcaria roxburghii Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5: 1856 (1836)
= Hibiscus aculeatus Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 206 (1832)
= Hibiscus furcatus Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 51 (1814), ex Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 448 (1824), nom. illeg., non Willd. 1809
= Hibiscus hamatus E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 1: 177 (1860), nom. inval. pro syn.
= Hibiscus hispidissimus Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 521 (1854)
species :
Sabdariffa hochreutineri
(Krapov. & Fryxell) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 56 (2025)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus hochreutineri Krapov. & Fryxell; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 13(1-4): 88 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa holstii
(Mwachala) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 58 (2025)
Distribution: SE-Kenya; E-Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus holstii Mwachala; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Malv. 40 (2009)
species :
Sabdariffa hoshiarpurensis
(T.K.Paul & M.P.Nayar) R.L.Barrett & M.M.Hanes; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 58 (2025)
Distribution: India (Punjab)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus hoshiarpurensis T.K.Paul & M.P.Nayar; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1-4): 188 (1983 publ. 1985)
species :
Sabdariffa inimica
(Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 58 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus inimicus Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell; Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(2): 197 (2003)
species :
Sabdariffa itirapinensis
(Krapov. & Fryxell) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 58 (2025)
Distribution: Brazil (São Paulo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus itirapinensis Krapov. & Fryxell; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 13(1-4): 104 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa kenneallyi
(Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 58 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (NE-Western Australia: Kimberley region)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus kenneallyi Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell; Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(2): 200 (2003)
species :
Sabdariffa kirstyae
(Craven) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 58 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (NE-Western Australia: Kimberley region)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus kirstyae Craven; Muelleria 35: 4 (2016)
species :
Sabdariffa kitaibelifolia
(A.St.-Hil.) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 59 (2025)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus kitaibelifolius A.St.-Hil.; Fl. Bras. Merid. [A.St.-Hilaire] 1: 248 (1827)
= Hibiscus furcellatus var. glandulosus Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 107 (1900)
species :
Sabdariffa kounounkan
Cheek; PhytoKeys 271: 24 (2026)
Distribution: Guinea
22 GUI
species :
Sabdariffa laxiflora
(A.St.-Hil.) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 60 (2025)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz); WC-Brazil (Goiás)
83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Abelmoschus laxiflorus (A.St.-Hil.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 310 (1842)
= Hibiscus cerradoensis M.Y.Menzel, Fryxell & F.D.Wilson; Brittonia 35(3): 218 (1983)
= Hibiscus laxiflorus A.St.-Hil.; Fl. Bras. Merid. [A.St.-Hilaire] 1: 245 (1827)
species :
Sabdariffa maculata
(Lam.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 60 (2025)
subspecies :
subsp. maculata
Distribution: Cuba; Hispaniola (Dominican Republic, Haiti); Colombia (Antioquia, Cauca, Chocó, Valle)
81 CUB HIS 82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus maculatus Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 349 (1792)
= Hibiscus diversifolius var. granatensis Triana & Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 17: 165 (1862)
subspecies :
subsp. nipensis
(Carabia) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 60 (2025)
Distribution: Cuba (Sa. de Nipe)
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus maculatus subsp. nipensis (Carabia) F.Areces; Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 25-26: 32 (2006)
= Hibiscus nipensis Carabia; Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. Felipe Poey 17: 16 (1943)
species :
Sabdariffa manuripiensis
(Krapov.) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 61 (2025)
Distribution: Bolivia (Pando)
83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus manuripiensis Krapov.; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 17(1): 37 (2008)
species :
Sabdariffa marenitensis
(Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 61 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus marenitensis Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell; Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(2): 203 (2003)
species :
Sabdariffa mariae
(Krapov.) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 61 (2025)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus mariae Krapov.; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 15(1-2): 49 (2006)
species :
Sabdariffa mastersiana
(Hiern) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 61 (2025)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Kenya; Tanzania; NW-Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; W-Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; India (C-India, S-India, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand)
23 RWA ZAI 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus mastersianus Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 71 (1900)
= Hibiscus beddomei Rakshit & Kundu; Sci. & Cult. 27: (New Spec. & Var. Hibisc. 1) 193 (1961)
= Hibiscus pachmarhicus Haines; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 24 (1914)
= Hibiscus surattensis var. mastersianus (Hiern) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 112 (1900)
species :
Sabdariffa matogrossensis
(Krapov. & Fryxell) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 63 (2025)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus furcellatus var. scaber R.E.Fr.; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., n. s. 42(12): 41 (1908)
= Hibiscus matogrossensis Krapov. & Fryxell; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 13(1-4): 86 (2004), nom. nov.
species :
Sabdariffa mechowii
(Garcke) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 63 (2025)
Distribution: SW-Burkina Faso; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; W-Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana; Venezuela [I]
22 BKN 23 BUR CAF RWA ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM 82 ven
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus mechowii Garcke; Linnaea 43: 121 (1880 publ. 1882)
= Hibiscus lancibracteatus De Wild. & T.Durand; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 38(1, Comp. Rend.): 25 (1899)
species :
Sabdariffa menzeliae
(F.D.Wilson & Byrnes) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 63 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus menzeliae F.D.Wilson & Byrnes; Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 95: 194 (1970)
species :
Sabdariffa meraukensis
(Hochr.) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 63 (2025)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl.; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
42 LSI NWG 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus meraukensis Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 11/12: 8 (1907)
= Brockmania membranacea W.Fitzg.; J. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 3: 174 (1918)
species :
Sabdariffa minkebeensis
(Burg) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 65 (2025)
Distribution: Gabon
23 GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus minkebeensis Burg; Fl. Gabon 45: 59 (2013)
species :
Sabdariffa minutibracteola
(F.D.Wilson) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 65 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (NE-Western Australia: Kimberley region)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus minutibracteolus F.D.Wilson; Austral. J. Bot. 22(1): 178 (1974)
species :
Sabdariffa mollis
(Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 65 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (NE-Western Australia: Kimberley region, NW-Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus fryxellii var. mollis Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell; Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(2): 194 (2003)
species :
Sabdariffa moxicoensis
(Baker f.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 65 (2025)
Distribution: +E-Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: only known from the type collected in 1937
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus moxicoensis Baker f. [J.Bot.77: 21 (1939)]
species :
Sabdariffa multiformis
(A.St.-Hil.) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 65 (2025)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus multiformis A.St.-Hil.; Fl. Bras. Merid. [A.St.-Hilaire] 1: 246 (1827)
species :
Sabdariffa nanuzae
(Krapov. & Fryxell) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 66 (2025)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus nanuzae Krapov. & Fryxell; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 13(1-4): 92 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa ngokbanakii
(Burg) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 66 (2025)
Distribution: Gabon
23 GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus ngokbanakii Burg; Fl. Gabon 45: 62 (2013)
species :
Sabdariffa nigricaulis
(Baker f.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 66 (2025)
Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; ?Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
23 ZAI 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus meeusei Exell; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 33: 165 (1959)
= Hibiscus nigricaulis Baker f. [J.Bot.77: 19 (1939)]
species :
Sabdariffa noldeae
(Baker f.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 66 (2025)
Distribution: Sierra Leone; Ivory Coast; SE-Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; S-Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; ?Tanzania; Angola; NE-Zambia
22 IVO NGA SIE 23 CAF CMN CON GAB RWA ZAI 24 CHA ETH SUD 25 UGA 26 ANG ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus eetveldeanus var. asperatus De Wild.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 3: 279 (1911)
= Hibiscus furcatus Mullend.; (1954) (non Roxb. 1814)
= Hibiscus noldeae Baker f. [J.Bot.77: 20 (1939)]
species :
Sabdariffa paludicola
(Fryxell & Krapov.) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 68 (2025)
Distribution: Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus paludicola Fryxell & Krapov.; Novon 14(1): 67 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa paolii
(Mattei) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 68 (2025)
Distribution: +S-Somalia
24 SOM
Remarks: only known from the type collected in 1913
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus paolii Mattei; Ric. Idrogeol. Bot. Entomol. Somalia Ital. Merid. [Stefanini & Paoli] 1: 32 (1916)
species :
Sabdariffa partita
(Hochr.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 68 (2025)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus diversifolius var. partitus Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 120 (1900)
= Hibiscus partitus (Hochr.) F.D.Wilson; Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London, Bot. 29(1): 63 (1999)
species :
Sabdariffa peruviana
(R.E.Fr.) M.C.Duarte & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 68 (2025)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Pando); N-Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia)
82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus peruvianus R.E.Fr.; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., Ser. 3, 24(2): 31 (1947)
species :
Sabdariffa petherickii
(Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 68 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus petherickii Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell; Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(2): 204 (2003)
species :
Sabdariffa pohlii
(Gürke) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 68 (2025)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus pohlii Gürke; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(3): 564 (1892)
species :
Sabdariffa radiata
(Cav.) R.L.Barrett & M.M.Hanes; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 70 (2025)
Name: Monarch rosemallow (EN)
Distribution: China [I] (Fujian [I]); India (Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mandalay, Mon, Yangon); Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; Borneo [I]; Philippines [I] (Luzon [I]); Java [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Mexico [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Panama [I]; Jamaica [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Guyana [I]; Surinam [I]; Ecuador [I]; Paraguay [I]; Argentina [I]
36 chi 40 BAN IND 41 cbd lao MYA tha vie 42 bor jaw phi 50 aus 78 usa 79 mex 80 els hon nic pan 81 gdl jam mar stl trt 82 clm guy sur ven 83 ecu 85 arg par
Synonyms: hidden
= Canhamo braziliensis Perini; Prosp. Expl. Notice Cult. Canh. Braz. 1 (1905)
= Hibiscus cannabinus var. unidens (Lindl.) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 115 (1900)
= Hibiscus heptaphyllus Dalzell & A.Gibson; Bombay Fl. [Dalzell & Gibson] 20 (1861)
= Hibiscus lindleyi Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 1: 4, t. 4 (Lindlei) (1829)
= Hibiscus radiatus Cav.; Diss. 3, Tertia Diss. Bot.: 150, t. 54, f. 2 (1787)
= Hibiscus unidens Lindl.in Edwards; Bot. Reg. 11: t. 878 (1825)
= Hibiscus varians Splitg. ex De Vriese; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1: 338 (1848)
= Pavonia perinii Perini; Prosp. Expl. Notice Cult. Canh. Braz. 5 (1905)
species :
Sabdariffa reekmansii
(F.D.Wilson) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 70 (2025)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Tanzania
23 BUR RWA ZAI 25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus reekmansii F.D.Wilson; Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London, Bot. 29(1): 64 (1999)
species :
Sabdariffa reflexa
(Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 70 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (NE-Western Australia: Kimberley region)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus reflexus Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell; Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(2): 206 (2003)
species :
Sabdariffa riceae
(Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 72 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (N-Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus riceae Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell; Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(2): 209 (2003)
species :
Sabdariffa rostellata
(Guill. & Perr.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 72 (2025)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; SW-Mali; Burkina Faso; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; S-Chad; South Sudan; S-Ethiopia; NW-Angola; NE-Zambia; N-Mozambique
22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI LBR MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI 24 CHA ETH SSU 26 ANG MOZ ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Abelmoschus rostellatus (Guill. & Perr.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 308 (1842)
= Hibiscus rostellatus Guill. & Perr.; Fl. Seneg. Tent. 1: 55 (1830)
= Hibiscus surattensis var. rostellatus (Guill. & Perr.) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 113 (1900)
species :
Sabdariffa saddii
(Krapov. & Fryxell) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 73 (2025)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus saddii Krapov. & Fryxell; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 13(1-4): 104 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa sangaredi
Thiam & Cheek; PhytoKeys 271: 18 (2026)
Distribution: Guinea
22 GUI
species :
Sabdariffa sankowskyorum
(Craven) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 73 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (N-Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus sankowskyorum Craven; Muelleria 35: 6 (2016)
species :
Sabdariffa saponaria
(Craven) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 73 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (N-Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus saponarius Craven; Austrobaileya 4(3): 442 (1995)
species :
Sabdariffa scabricaulis
(Helwig) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 73 (2025)
Distribution: +Haiti (+Massif de la Hotte)
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus furcellatus var. scabricaulis Helwig; Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 28 (1929)
species :
Sabdariffa scotellii
(Baker f.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 75 (2025)
Distribution: Sierra Leone; Liberia; SW-Mali; S-Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin
22 BEN GHA IVO LBR MLI SIE TOG
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus scotellii Baker f. [J.Linn.Soc., Bot.30: 74 (1895)]
species :
Sabdariffa sebastianii
(Fuertes) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 75 (2025)
Distribution: Colombia (Caquetá)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus sebastianii Fuertes; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 50(1): 66 (1992)
species :
Sabdariffa sineaculeata
(F.D.Wilson) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 75 (2025)
Distribution: Benin; Nigeria
22 BEN NGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus sineaculeatus F.D.Wilson; Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London, Bot. 29(1): 72 (1999)
species :
Sabdariffa sparsiaculeata
(Baker f.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 75 (2025)
Distribution: SE-Ethiopia; Djibouti; Kenya; N-Tanzania
24 DJI ETH 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus greenwayi var. megensis J.-P.Lebrun; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 15(3): 379 (1975 publ. 1976)
= Hibiscus sparsiaculeatus Baker f. [J.Bot.76: 22 (1936)]
species :
Sabdariffa splendens
(C.Fraser ex Graham) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 75 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Abelmoschus splendens (C.Fraser ex Graham) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 309 (1842)
= Hibiscus splendens Fraser ex Graham; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 175 (1830)
= Malvaviscus splendens (C.Fraser ex Graham) Regel; Gartenflora 6: 77 (1857)
species :
Sabdariffa squarrulosa
(Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 77 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus squarrulosus Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell; Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(2): 212 (2003)
species :
Sabdariffa stewartii
(Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 77 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus stewartii Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell; Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(2): 212 (2003)
species :
Sabdariffa subdiversifolia
(Hochr.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 77 (2025)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus subdiversifolius Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 20: 83 (1917)
= Hibiscus diversifolius var. subdiversifolius (Hochr.) Hochr.; Fl. Madagasc. 129: 40 (1955)
species :
Sabdariffa sudanensis
(Hochr.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 77 (2025)
Distribution: Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 CAF ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus rostellatus var. congolanus Hauman; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 31: 86 (1961)
= Hibiscus rostellatus var. sudanensis (Hochr.) Hauman; Fl. Congo Belge 10: 119 (1963)
= Hibiscus sudanensis f. grandiflorus Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 10: 20 (1906), nom. illeg.
= Hibiscus sudanensis f. minoriflorus Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 10: 20 (1906)
= Hibiscus sudanensis Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 10: 18 (1906)
= Hibiscus sudanensis var. glabrescens Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 10: 19 (1906)
species :
Sabdariffa superba
(C.A.Gardner) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 79 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus superbus C.A.Gardner; Bull. Forests Dept., Western Australia No. 32, 64 (1923)
species :
Sabdariffa surattensis
(L.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 79 (2025)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Fogo Isl.); Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; S-Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo); Madagascar; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Seychelles [I]; China (Hainan, Yunnan); Taiwan; Bhutan; India (widespread); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Ayeyarwady, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore [I]; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas
21 CVI 22 BEN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 BIO CAF CMN CON GAB PRI RWA SAO ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF 29 mau MDG reu sey 36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL PHI sng SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Abelmoschus aculeatus (G.Don) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 308 (1842)
= Abelmoschus rostellatus Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 308 (1842)
= Furcaria surattensis (L.) Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5: 1856 (1836)
= Hibiscus aculeatus G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 480 (1831)
= Hibiscus appendiculatus Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 542 (1812)
= Hibiscus bifurcatus Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 545 (1837)
= Hibiscus hypoglossus E.Mey. ex Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 1: 177 (1860), nomen
= Hibiscus involucratus Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 384 (1796)
= Hibiscus surattensis f. bicolor Backer; Fl. Batavia 1: 129 (1907), nom. inval.
= Hibiscus surattensis f. concolor Backer; Fl. Batavia 1: 129 (1907), nom. inval.
= Hibiscus surattensis f. immaculatus Kurz ex Rakshit & Kundu; Sci. & Cult. 27: 194 (1961)
= Hibiscus surattensis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 696 (1753)
= Hibiscus surattensis var. villosus Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 112 (1900)
= Hibiscus trinitarius Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(4): 17 (1790), nomen
species :
Sabdariffa symonii
(F.D.Wilson & Byrnes) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 80 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (N-Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus symonii F.D.Wilson & Byrnes; Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 95: 195 (1970)
species :
Sabdariffa thegalea
(Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 80 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (N-Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus thegaleus Craven, F.D.Wilson & Fryxell; Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(2): 213 (2003)
species :
Sabdariffa torrei
(Baker f.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 80 (2025)
Distribution: +N-Mozambique
26 MOZ
Remarks: only known from the type collected in 1934
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus torrei Baker f. [J.Bot.75: 101 (1937)]
species :
Sabdariffa townsvillensis
(Craven) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 80 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (N-Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus townsvillensis Craven; Muelleria 35: 9 (2016)
species :
Sabdariffa trilineata
(A.St.-Hil. & Naudin) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 80 (2025)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Tocantins)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus trilineatus A.St.-Hil. & Naudin; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 18: 39 (1842)
species :
Sabdariffa uncinella
(Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 82 (2025)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus uncinellus Moc. & Sessé ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 449 (1824)
species :
Sabdariffa verrucosa
(Guill. & Perr.) Mwachala & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 82 (2025)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea; Mali; etc.
22 GUI MLI SEN
Remarks: often included in H. cannabinus. Distribution incomplete
Synonyms: hidden
= Abelmoschus verrucosus (Guill. & Perr.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 308 (1842)
= Hibiscus verrucosus Guill. & Perr.; Fl. Seneg. Tent. 1: 57 (1830)
= Hibiscus cannabinus var. verrucosus (Guill. & Perr.) Garcke; LInnaea 43: 56 (1880)
species :
Sabdariffa wilsonii
(Fryxell) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 83 (2025)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Brasilia Distrito Federal)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus wilsonii Fryxell; Brittonia 25(2): 80 (1973)
species :
Sabdariffa windischii
(Krapov. & Fryxell) M.C.Duarte & V.N.Yoshik.; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 83 (2025)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus windischii Krapov. & Fryxell; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 13(1-4): 54 (2004)
species :
Sabdariffa zonata
(F.Muell.) McLay & R.L.Barrett; Austral. Syst. Bot. 38-SB24013: 83 (2025)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus mustiae F.D.Wilson; Austral. J. Bot. 22: 175 (1974)
= Hibiscus irritans Hochr.; Annuaire Cons. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 72 (1900), nom. inval. pro syn.
= Hibiscus zonatus F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 1: 221 (1858)
