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246.0000 Family Rhamnaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 376 (1789), nom. cons.
72 genera, ca. 1150 spp. Phylogeny: Hauenschild et al. 2016, Wang et al. 2021
Species listed in database: 1196; hybrids: 27
= Frangulaceae DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4(2): 619 (1805)
= Gouaniaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 73 (1837)
= Phylicaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 186 (1858)
= Ziziphaceae Adans.; Lex. Gen. Phan. [Post & Kuntze] 665, 714 (1903)
246.0603 Genus Sageretia Brongn.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 10: 359, t. 18, f. 2 (1827)
Distribution: Tropical and subtropical America; Somalia; West, Southwest, South, and Southeast Asia (from Asia Minor, Palestine, and Sinai Peninsula to Taiwan); 1 Middle Asia
Species listed in database: 39
= Afarca Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 30 (1838)
= Lamellisepalum Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 1: 229 (1897)
species :
Sageretia brandrethiana Aitch.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 62 (1865)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost); China (NW-Yunnan); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov., Peshawar, Chitral, Dir, Swat, Hazara, Pakistani Punjab, Jhelum, Rawalpindi); N-India (Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir, Mirpur, Punjab)
34 AFG 36 CHI 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Sageretia thea var. brandrethiana (Aitch.) Qaiser & Nazim.; Fl. Pakistan 140: 8 (1981)
= Sageretia thea subsp. brandrethiana (Aitch.) Ziel.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 125: 13 (1977)
species :
Sageretia camellifolia Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5: 73 (1979)
Distribution: China (W-Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Sageretia coimbatorensis Bhandari & Bhansali; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5(4): 921 (1984)
Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Sageretia cordifolia Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 167 (1946)
Distribution: Laos
41 LAO
species :
Sageretia cordiformis (Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou) Yi Yang, H.Sun & H.Peng; PhytoKeys 179: 17, figs 3C, D, 4A, B (2021)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); NE-Thailand
36 CHI 41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Sageretia thea var. cordiformis Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5: 74 (1979)
species :
Sageretia devendrae Pusalkar; Nordic J. Bot. 28(1): 51 (2010)
Distribution: NW-India (Uttarakhand)
40 IND
species :
Sageretia elegans (Kunth) Brongn.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 10: 359 (1827)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, México State, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Colombia (Antioquia, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Risaralda, Santander, Valle); Venezuela (Mérida, Trujillo); Peru; Bolivia (Santa Cruz); Paraguay (Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Misiones, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Argentina (Formosa, Misiones)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL PER 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Gouania lehmannii Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20(Beibl. 49): 41 (1895)
= Rhamnus elegans Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 7: 53 (1825)
= Sageretia lehmannii (Hieron.) Radlk.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 329 (1941)
= Sageretia salamensis Loes.; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 51: 30 (1909 publ. 1910)
species :
Sageretia ellipsoidea Yi Yang, H.Sun & H.Peng; PhytoKeys 179: 20, figs. 5-7 (2021)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, ?S-Jiangxi, ?S-Hunan)
36 CHI
species :
Sageretia filiformis (Roth ex Schult.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 29 (1832)
Distribution: Pakistan (Jhelum, Mirpur); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, Odisha, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu); Myanmar (Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing); N-Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Jawa
40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA THA 42 JAW MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Berchemia oppositifolia Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4254 (1831), nomen
= Rhamnus filiformis Roth; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 282 (1819)
= Rhamnus terminalis Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 190 (1825)
= Rhamnus trigyna Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 190 (1825), nomen
= Sageretia blumei G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 28 (1832), nom. superfl.
= Sageretia oppositifolia (Wall.) Brongn.; Mém. Fam. Rhamnées 53, t. 2. 2 (1826)
= Sageretia trigyna G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 29 (1832)
= Ziziphus oppositifolia Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 370 (1824)
species :
Sageretia gongshanensis G.S.Fan & L.L.Deng; Sida 17(4): 677, f. 1 (1997)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, not treated in Fl. of China
species :
Sageretia gracilis J.R.Drumm. & Sprague; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 15 (1908)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, W-Guangxi); E-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Sageretia apiculata C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 231 (1914)
= Sageretia compacta J.R.Drumm. & Sprague; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 15 (1908)
species :
Sageretia hamosa (Wall.) Brongn.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 10: 360 (1826)
Distribution: China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan); SE-Tibet; Nepal; India (Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Kerala); Sri Lanka; Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon); Jawa; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali); Australia (Queensland)
36 CHI TIB 40 IND NEP SRL 41 VIE 42 JAW LSI PHI 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Berchemia affinis (Blume) Hassk.; Hort. Bogor. Descr. 1: 117 (1858)
= Berchemia hamosa (Wall.) Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 149, no. 4253 (1831)
= Rhamnus affinis Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1140 (1827)
= Sageretia affinis (Blume) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 29 (1832)
= Sageretia costata Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 645 (1856)
= Sageretia ramosa Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 169 (1839)
= Ziziphus hamosa Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 369-370 (1824)
variant :
var. trichoclada C.Y.Wu ex Y.L.Chen; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5: 75 (1979)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan: Mengla)
36 CHI
species :
Sageretia henryi Drumm. & Sprague; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908(1): 14-15 (1908)
Distribution: China (Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, S-Zhejiang); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Berchemia cavaleriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(260-262): 433 (1912)
= Sageretia cavaleriei (H.Lév.) C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(1): 228 (1914)
species :
Sageretia horrida Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 436 (1922)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
species :
Sageretia kashmirensis Bhandari & Bhansali; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5(4): 923 (1984)
Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
species :
Sageretia kishtwarensis Bhandari & Bhansali; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5(4): 925 (1984)
Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
species :
Sageretia latifolia Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 673 (1933)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Sageretia laxiflora Hand.-Mazz.; Sinensia 3(8): 191-192 (1933)
Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, S-Guizhou)
36 CHI
species :
Sageretia leprosa (Blume) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 29 (1832)
Distribution: Jawa
42 JAW
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhamnus leprosa Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1139 (1827)
species :
Sageretia lijiangensis G.S.Fan & S.K.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 19(1): 38 (1997)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Sageretia liuzhouensis Yi Yang & H.Sun; Phytotaxa 309(3): 232 (2017)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Sageretia lucida Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 314 (1929 publ. 1931)
Distribution: China (C-Guangdong)
36 CHI
species :
Sageretia melliana Hand.-Mazz.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 52B: 168 (1934)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Sageretia minutiflora (Michx.) Trel.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 5: 367 (1889)
Name: Smallflower mock buckthorn (EN)
Distribution: Ascension Isl. [I]; USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina)
28 asc 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Afarca parviflora Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 30 (1838)
= Rhamnus minutiflora Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 1: 154 (1803)
= Sageretia michauxii Brongn.; Mém. Fam. Rhamnées 53 (1826), nom. superfl.
species :
Sageretia omeiensis C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(1): 230 (1914)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Chongqing)
36 CHI
species :
Sageretia parviflora (J.G.Klein ex Willd.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 29 (1832)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh); Andaman Isl.
40 IND 41 AND
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhamnus parviflorus J.G.Klein ex Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 295 (1820)
= Berchemia parviflora Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 149, no. 4258 (1831), nomen
species :
Sageretia paucicostata Maxim.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11(1): 101 (1890)
Distribution: China (Hebei, Hunan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan); E-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Sageretia tibetica Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 436 (1922)
species :
Sageretia pedicellata C.Z.Gao; Guihaia 3(4): 313 (1983)
Distribution: China (NW-Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Sageretia pycnophylla C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(1): 226-227 (1914)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, S-Gansu, Shaanxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Sageretia perpusilla C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(1): 226 (1914)
species :
Sageretia randaiensis Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 29-30, f. 10 (1915)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Sageretia rebmanii Nesom; Phytoneuron 2023-17: 2 (2023)
Name: Rebman´s mock buckthorn (EN)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
species :
Sageretia rugosa Hance; J. Bot. 16(181): 9 (1878)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Quercus dunniana H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(330-332): 363 (1913)
= Sageretia ferruginea Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 18(1): t. 1710 (1887)
species :
Sageretia santapaui Pusalkar & D.K.Singh; Nordic J. Bot. 28(1): 49 (2010)
Distribution: NW-India (Uttarakhand)
40 IND
species :
Sageretia spicata Brongn.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 10: 360 (1827)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, México State, Michoacán)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhamnus spicata Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 62 (1894), nom. superfl.
= Sageretia mexicana G.L.Nesom; Phytologia 75(5): 369 (1993 publ. 1994)
species :
Sageretia subcaudata C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(1): 228 (1914)
Distribution: China (Hubei, Hunan, E-Sichuan, S-Shaanxi, W-Hunan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, N-Guangdong); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
species :
Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M.C.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 49: 378 (1968)
Name: Pauper´s-tea (EN)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iran (E-Iran, S-Iran); Iran (SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Faryab, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Parwan, Samangan); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen); China (Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan); South Korea; Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan (Sind, Hazara, Baluchistan, Kurram, Jhelum, Chitral, Swat, Gilgit); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand); Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing); Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (only known from Gua Batu, Selangor); Philippines (Luzon); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali); USA [I] (Texas [I])
24 ERI ETH SOM 32 TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN LEB SIN TUR 35 OMA SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 40 IND PAK 41 MYA VIE 42 LSI MLY PHI 77 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Ampelopsis chinensis Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 33 (1838)
= Berchemia chanetii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(260-262): 433-434 (1912)
= Berchemia yemensis Deflers; Voyage Yemen 123 (1889)
= Girtanneria theezans Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 2: 121 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Lamellisepalum hildebrandtii Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 1: 229 (1897)
= Rhamnus laetevirens Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Obshch. Estestvoisp., Vyp. 3, Otd. Bot. 26: 162 (1896)
= Rhamnus spiciflora A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 138 (1847)
= Rhamnus thea Osbeck; Dagb. Ostind. Resa 232 (1757)
= Rhamnus theezans L.; Mant. Pl. Altera [Linnaeus] 207 (1771), nom. superfl.
= Sageretia chanetii (H.Lév.) C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 228 (1914)
= Sageretia hayatae Kaneh.; Formos. Trees, rev. ed. 426 (1936)
= Sageretia horrida O.Schwarz; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 54: 30 (1944), nom. illeg.
= Sageretia laetevirens (Kom.) Gontsch.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 269 (1937)
= Sageretia sikayoensis Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 28: 286 (1938)
= Sageretia spiciflora (A.Rich.) Hutch. & E.A.Bruce; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1941: 128 (1941)
= Sageretia spinosa Wettst.; Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1, 98: 385 (1889)
= Sageretia taiwaniana Hosok. ex Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 28: 286 (1936)
= Sageretia thea var. bilocularis S.Y.Liu; Guihaia 7: 293 (1987)
= Sageretia thea var. taiwaniana (Hosok. ex Masam.) Y.C.Liu & C.M.Wang; Bull. Exp. Forest Natl. Taiwan Univ. 12: 27 (1990)
= Sageretia theezans (Vahl) Brongn.; Mém. Fam. Rhamnées 53 (1826)
= Sageretia theezans var. diospyrifolia M.A.Lawson; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 641 (1875)
= Sageretia theezans var. glabrescens Kitam.; Results Kyoto Univ. Sci. Exped. Karakoram 2 (Fl. Afghanistan): 267 (1960)
= Sageretia theezans var. hildebrandtii (Engl.) Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 10: 445 (1912)
= Sageretia theezans var. schweinfurthii Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 10: 445 (1912)
= Sageretia theezans var. spiciflora (A.Rich.) Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 10: 445 (1912)
= Sageretia yemensis (Deflers) Grubov; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 374 (1949)
variant :
var. bornmuelleri (C.K.Schneid.) M.C.Johnst. ex H.Hara; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 92 (1979)
Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan; Nepal; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
32 TZK 34 AFG 40 IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Sageretia brandrethiana var. bornmuelleri C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 230 (1910)
variant :
var. tomentosa (C.K.Schneid.) Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5: 75 (1979)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan); South Korea; Taiwan; Thailand
36 CHI 38 KOR TAI 41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Sageretia theezans f. tomentosa (C.K.Schneid.) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 130 (1954)
= Sageretia theezans var. tomentosa C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(1): 228 (1914)
species :
Sageretia wallichii Bhandari & Bhansali; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5(4): 927 (1984)
Distribution: India
40 IND
species :
Sageretia wrightii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 20: 358 (1885)
Name: Wright´s mock buckthorn (EN)
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora, Isla Tiburón, Jalisco)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
species :
Sageretia yilinii G.S.Fan & S.K.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 19(1): 38-39, f. 2 (1997)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life