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282.0000 Family Malvaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 271 (1789), nom. cons.
249 genera, ca. 5400 spp.
Species listed in database: 5542; hybrids: 40
= Berryaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xxxvii (2001), Family
= Bombacaceae Kunth; Malvac., Büttner., Tiliac. 5 (1822), nom. cons.
= Brownlowiaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Byttneriaceae R.Br.; Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 540 (1814), nom. cons.
= Chiranthodendraceae A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 303 (1887)
= Dombeyaceae Desf.; Tabl. Ecole Bot., ed. 3: 252 (1829), nom. cons.
= Durionaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Grewiaceae Doweld & Reveal; Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 71: 100 (2005)
= Helicteraceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858), Family
= Hermanniaceae Marquis; Esq. Règne Vég. 52 (1820)
= Hibiscaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 275 (1858)
= Lasiopetalaceae Rchb.; Mag. Aesth. Bot. 1(2): ad t. 37 (1823)
= Mansoniaceae A.Chev.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 38(1): 852 (1913)
= Melochiaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 271 (1858)
= Pentapetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Philippodendraceae A.Juss.; Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 9: 735 (1847)
= Plagianthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 272 (1858)
= Sidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Sparrmanniaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 260 (1858)
= Sterculiaceae Vent.; Parad. Lond. 2: ad t. 69 (1807), nom. cons.
= Theobromataceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858)
= Tiliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 289 (1789), nom. cons.
282.6010 Genus Scaphium Schott & Endl.; Melet. Bot. [Schott & Endlicher] 33 (1832)
Distribution: Burma, Indochina, W-Malesia: Malay Peninsula, Borneo
Species listed in database: 8
species :
Scaphium affine (Mast.) Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 13 (1889) sub t. 193-95, in text.
Distribution: Cambodia; Vietnam; Borneo; Brunei
41 CBD VIE 42 BOR BRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Clompanus affinis (Mast.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 78 (1891)
= Firmiana affinis (Mast.) A.Terracc.; Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 1: 56 (1897)
= Firmiana lychnophora (Hance) K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24(Beibl. 58): 21 (1897)
= Scaphium beccarianum Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 13 (1889) t. 195c
= Scaphium lychnophorum (Hance) Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 13 (1889) sub t. 193-95, in text.
= Sterculia affinis Mast.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 361 (1874)
= Sterculia beccariana Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 13 (1889) sub. t. 201. in obs.
= Sterculia lychnophora Hance; J. Bot. 14: 243 (1876)
species :
Scaphium burkillfilii Kosterm.; Gard. Bull. Singapore 22: 444 (1968)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Scaphium linearicarpum (Mast.) Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 13 (1889) sub t. 193-95, in text.
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Johor); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei
41 THA 42 BOR BRN MLY SNG SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Clompanus linearicarpa (Mast.) Kuntze 1891 Revis.Gen.Pl.78 (1891)
= Firmiana linearicarpa (Mast.) A.Terracc.; Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 1: 56 (1897)
= Scaphium velutinosum Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 10(5): 478 (1988)
= Sterculia linearicarpa Mast.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 360 (1874)
species :
Scaphium longiflorum Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 73: 143 (1916)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Johor); Borneo
42 BOR MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Scaphium velutinum Kosterm.; J. Sci. Res. (Jakarta) 2(1): 9 (1953)
species :
Scaphium longipetiolatum (Kosterm.) Kosterm.; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 128 (1965), sine ref., et Reinwardtia 7: 234 (1966)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah); Brunei
42 BOR BRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Microcos longipetiolata Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 6: 301 (1962)
species :
Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumée ex K.Heyne; Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind., ed. 2, 2: 1068 (1927)
Distribution: Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Penang, Kelantan, Terengganu, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Johor); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Java
41 CBD LAO VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW MLY SNG SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpophyllum macropodum Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 1: 401 (1860)
= Firmiana borneensis Merr.; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15: 192 (1929)
= Scaphium borneense (Merr.) Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 7: 441 (1969)
= Sterculia macropoda (Miq.) Hook. ex Kloppenb.; Planten-Atlas: t. 17 (1907)
species :
Scaphium parviflorum P.Wilkie; Edinburgh J. Bot. 65(3): 477 (2008)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah); Brunei
42 BOR BRN
species :
Scaphium scaphigerum (Wall. ex G.Don) Guib. & Planch.; Hist. Nat. Drogues Simples, ed. 7, 3: 653 (1876)
Distribution: Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mon, Taninthayi); Thailand; Cambodia; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan, Perak)
40 BAN 41 CBD MYA THA 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Clompanus scaphigera (Wall. ex G.Don) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 78 (1891)
= Firmiana wallichii A.Terracc.; Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 1: 56 (1897)
= Scaphium wallichii Schott & Endl.; Melet. Bot. [Schott & Endlicher] 33 (1832), nom. superfl.
= Sterculia scaphigera Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1130 (1831)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life