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251.0000 Family Urticaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 400 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 55 genera, ca. 2050 spp. Phylogeny: Wu et al. (2013)
Species listed in database: 2091; hybrids: 6
= Cecropiaceae C.C.Berg; Taxon 27: 39 (1978)
= Parietariaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 261 (1820)
251.2234 Genus Scepocarpus Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 98 (1869)
Distribution: Tropical and South Africa, Madagascar, Mascarenes
Species listed in database: 19
species :
Scepocarpus acuminatus (Savigny) T.Wells & A.K.Monro; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 158: 12 (2020), as ´(Poir.)´
Distribution: Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mauritius
29 COM MAU MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubrueilia rotundifolia (Savigny) Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 496 (1830)
= Perlarius rotundifolius (Savigny) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 630 (1891)
= Pipturus rotundifolius (Savigny) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 197 (1854)
= Pseudopipturus rotundifolius (Savigny) Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 8: 117 (1933)
= Urera acuminata (Poir.) Gaudich. ex Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 490 (1834)
= Urera acuminata var. perrieri Leandri; Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille, Sér. 6, 7-8: 29 (1950)
= Urtica acuminata Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 4: 224 (1816)
= Urtica monilifera Sm. ex Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 445 (1856), nomen
= Urtica rotundifolia Savigny; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 4: 644 (1798)
species :
Scepocarpus batesii (Rendle) T.Wells & A.K.Monro; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 158: 12 (2020)
Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Central African Republic
23 BIO CAF CMN
Synonyms: hidden
= Urera batesii Rendle; J. Bot. 54: 368 (1916)
species :
Scepocarpus cordifolius (Engl.) T.Wells & A.K.Monro; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 158: 12 (2020)
Distribution: Togo; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Central African Republic
22 NGA TOG 23 BIO CAF CMN GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Urera cordifolia Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 121 (1902)
species :
Scepocarpus cuneatus (Rendle) comb.ined.
Distribution: Guinea; Liberia
22 GUI LBR
Remarks: only known from two specimens
Synonyms: hidden
= Urera cuneata Rendle; J. Bot. 54: 370 (1916)
species :
Scepocarpus flamignianus (Lambinon) T.Wells & A.K.Monro; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 158: 12 (2020)
Distribution: S-Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon
22 NGA 23 CMN GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Urera flamigniana Lambinon; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 91: 199 (1959)
= Urera hypselodendron var. flamigniana (Lambinon) Hauman
species :
Scepocarpus gabonensis (Pierre ex Friis) T.Wells & A.K.Monro; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 158: 12 (2020)
Distribution: Gabon
23 GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Urera gabonensis Pierre ex Friis; Fl. Gabon 51: 77 (2018)
species :
Scepocarpus gravenreuthii (Engl.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Benin; Cameroon
22 BEN 23 CMN
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Urera gravenreuthii Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 120 (1902)
species :
Scepocarpus hypselodendron (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) T.Wells & A.K.Monro; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 158: 12 (2020)
Distribution: Congo [Brazzaville]; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; NE-Zambia; Malawi; E-Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 CON RWA ZAI 24 ERI ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Hypselodendron schimperi Hochst. ex Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891 192 (1892)
= Urera crenulata Engl.; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3, 1: 53 (1915)
= Urera hypselodendron (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 18: 203 (1852)
= Urera hypselodendron var. flamingiana Hauman; Fl. Congo Belge 1: 182 (1948), sine descr. lat.
= Urera schimperi Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 158 (1856)
= Urtica hypselodendron Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 260 (1850)
species :
Scepocarpus keayi (Letouzey) comb.ined.
Distribution: Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana
22 GHA IVO LBR
Synonyms: hidden
= Urera keayi Letouzey; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 7: 299 (1967)
species :
Scepocarpus mannii Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 98 (1869)
Distribution: Guinea; Benin; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.
22 BEN GUI 23 ANN BIO PRI SAO
Synonyms: hidden
= Urera mannii (Wedd.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Rendle; J. Bot. 54(648): 370 (1916)
= Urera mannii var. paucinervis Rendle; J. Bot. 54: 370 (1916)
species :
Scepocarpus oblongifolius (Benth.) T.Wells & A.K.Monro; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 158: 12 (2020)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo
22 GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR SEN SIE TOG
Synonyms: hidden
= Fleurya sarmentosa A.Chev.
= Urera liberica Engl. ex Mildbr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 41: 247 (1937), nomen
= Urera oblongifolia Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 515 (1849)
= Urera obovata var. longifolia Wedd.
= Urera sarmentosa A.Chev.; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 302 (1914 publ. 1917)
species :
Scepocarpus obovatus (Benth.) T.Wells & A.K.Monro; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 158: 12 (2020)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Benin
22 BEN GUI IVO LBR SIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Urera obovata Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 516 (1849)
species :
Scepocarpus repens (Wedd.) T.Wells & A.K.Monro; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 158: 13 (2020)
Distribution: Ivory Coast; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
22 BEN IVO NGA 23 BIO CMN CON GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Laportea repens Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 81 (1869)
= Urera geophila Mildbr.; Wiss. Ergebn. Zweit. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1910-11), Bot. 2: 54 (1922), nomen
= Urera repens (Wedd.) Rendle; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(2): 264 (1917)
= Urticastrum repens (Wedd.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 635 (1891)
species :
Scepocarpus rigidus (Benth.) T.Wells & A.K.Monro; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 158: 13 (2020)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Togo; Benin; Cameroon
22 BEN GUI IVO LBR SIE TOG 23 CMN
Synonyms: hidden
= Boehmeria rigida Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 519 (1849)
= Maoutia rigida (Benth.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 194 (1854)
= Ramium rigidum (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 633 (1891)
= Urera elliottii Rendle; J. Bot. 54: 369 (1916)
= Urera rigida (Benth.) Keay; Kew Bull. [10]: 141 (1955)
= Urtica rigida G.Don ex Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 519 (1849)
species :
Scepocarpus robustus (A.Chev.) T.Wells & A.K.Monro; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 158: 13- (2020)
Distribution: Ivory Coast; Ghana; Benin
22 BEN GHA IVO
Synonyms: hidden
= Urera robusta A.Chev.; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 301 (1914 publ. 1917)
species :
Scepocarpus sansibaricus (Engl.) T.Wells & A.K.Monro; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 158: 13 (2020)
Distribution: SE-Kenya; NE-Tanzania; Zanzibar
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Urera braunii Engl.; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3(1): 53 (1915)
= Urera sansibarica Engl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 162 (1895)
= Urtica fischeri Engl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C 162 (1895)
species :
Scepocarpus talbotii (Rendle) comb.ined.
Distribution: SE-Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon
22 NGA 23 CMN GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Urera talbotii Rendle; J. Bot. 54: 369 (1916)
species :
Scepocarpus thonneri (De Wild. & T.Durand) T.Wells & A.K.Monro; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 158: 13 (2020)
Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola
23 BIO CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Urera benthamii Wedd.; ms.
= Urera dewevrei De Wild. & T.Durand; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 38(Comp. Rend.): 49 (1899)
= Urera dinklagei Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33(1): 121 (1902)
= Urera henriquesii Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 121 (1902)
= Urera obovata var. jihefo Hiern
= Urera thonneri De Wild. & T.Durand; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 38(Comp. Rend.): 48 (1899)
species :
Scepocarpus trinervis (Hochst.) T.Wells & A.K.Monro; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 158: 13 (2020)
Distribution: Guinea; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Madagascar
22 BEN GHA GUI IVO NGA 23 ANN BIO BUR CAF CMN CON GAB RWA SAO ZAI 24 SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF 29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Elatostema trinerve Hochst.; Flora 28: 88 (1845)
= Urera acuminata var. cameroonensis (Wedd.) Leandri; Fl. Madagasc. 56: 24 (1965)
= Urera acuminata var. sphaerophylla (Baker) Leandri; Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille, Sér. 6, 7-8: 30 (1950)
= Urera arborea De Wild. & T.Durand; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique, Compt. Rend. 38: 52 (1899)
= Urera cameroonensis var. laurentii (De Wild.) Rendle; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(2): 262 (1917)
= Urera cameroonensis Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 97 (1869)
= Urera congolensis De Wild. & T.Durand; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique, Compt. Rend. 38: 50 (1899)
= Urera gilletii De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 1(3): 240 (1906)
= Urera laurentii De Wild.; Miss. Ém. Laurent 72 (1905)
= Urera sphaerophylla Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 445 (1885)
= Urera trinervis (Hochst.) Friis & Immelman; Nordic J. Bot. 7(2): 126 (1987)
= Urera usambarensis Rendle; J. Bot. 54: 370 (1916)
= Urera woodii N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 96 (1911)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life