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245.0000 Family Rhamnaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 376 (1789), nom. cons.
72 genera, ca. 1150 spp. Phylogeny: Hauenschild et al. 2016, Wang et al. 2021
Species listed in database: 1195; hybrids: 27
= Frangulaceae DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4(2): 619 (1805)
= Gouaniaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 73 (1837)
= Phylicaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 186 (1858)
= Ziziphaceae Adans.; Lex. Gen. Phan. [Post & Kuntze] 665, 714 (1903)
245.0602 Genus Scutia (Comm. ex DC.) Brongn.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 10: 362 (1827)
Distribution: Tropical America (7), 1 tropical Africa, India and Indochina to S-China
Species listed in database: 5
= Adolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 44 (1783)
= Blepetalon Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 30 (1838)
= Scypharia Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 6: 8 (1860)
species :
Scutia arenicola (Casar.) Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 93 (1861)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Adolia arenicola (Casar.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 117 (1891)
= Rhamnus arenicola Casar.; Nov. Stirp. Bras., Dec. 2: 76 (1842)
species :
Scutia buxifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 93 (1861)
Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Uruguay (Durazno, Florida Prov., Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fe, Tucuman)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Adolia buxifolia (Reissek) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 117 (1891)
= Rhamnus coronula Larrañaga; Escritos Damaso Antonio Larrañaga 2: 94 (1923)
= Scutia buxifolia var. acutifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 93 (1861)
= Scutia buxifolia var. obtusifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 93 (1861)
= Scutia fiebrigii Perkins; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 464 (1911)
species :
Scutia colombiana M.C.Johnst.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 101(2): 68 (1974)
Distribution: Colombia (Huila)
82 CLM
species :
Scutia myrtina (Burm.f.) Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 44(2): 168 (1875)
Name: Cat-thorn
Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Mauritius; La Réunion; Aldabra (Aldabra Isl., Asuncio Isl., Cosmoledo Isl., Astove Isl.); Seychelles; China (SW-Guangxi, S-Yunnan); India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Myanmar; SW-Thailand; Vietnam
23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF SWZ 29 ALD MAU MDG REU SEY 36 CHI 40 IND SRL 41 MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Adolia alba Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 45 (1783)
= Adolia capensis (Thunb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 117 (1891)
= Adolia myrtina (Burm.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 177 (1891)
= Adolia obcordata (Biv. ex Tul.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 177 (1891)
= Adolia rubra Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 45 (1783)
= Blepetalon aculeatum Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 30 (1838)
= Ceanothus capensis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 30 (1825)
= Ceanothus circumscissus (L.f.) Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 110 (1790)
= Ceanothus circumscissus var. pauciflorus DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 30 (1825)
= Ceanothus zeylanicus (Roth) B.Heyne ex Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 153 (1821)
= Rhamnus capensis Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 44 (1794)
= Rhamnus circumscissa L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 152 (1781)
= Rhamnus indica Grubov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 12: 129 (1950)
= Rhamnus lucida Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 86 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 353 (1824), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 605 (1832)
= Rhamnus myrtina Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] 60 (1768)
= Scutia buxifolia Hutch. & M.B.Moss; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 272 (1928), nom. illeg.
= Scutia capensis (Thunb.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 33 (1832)
= Scutia capensis f. obcordata (B.Boivin ex Tul.) Radlk.; Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 8: 389 (1883)
= Scutia capensis var. parvifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 130 (1835)
= Scutia circumscissa (L.f.) W.Theob.; Burmah [Mason], ed. 3, 2: 570 (1883)
= Scutia commersonii Brongn.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 10: 363 (1827)
= Scutia eberhardtii Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12(3-4): 165 (1946)
= Scutia hutchinsonii Suess.; Lilloa 4: 135 (1939), et Nat. Pflanzenfam., Aufl. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20d: 58 (1953)
= Scutia indica Brongn.; Mém. Fam. Rhamnées 56 (1826), nom. superfl.
= Scutia indica var. grandispina Engl.; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3(2): 210 (1921)
= Scutia indica var. oblongifolia Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19(Beibl. 47): 37 (1894)
= Scutia lucida G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 33 (1832)
= Scutia myrtina Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 44: 168 (1875)
= Scutia myrtina var. oblongifolia (Engl.) C.M.Evrard; Fl. Congo Belge 9: 432 (1960)
= Scutia natalensis Hochst.; Flora 27: 346 (1844)
= Scutia obcordata B.Boivin ex Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 8: 116 (1857)
= Scutia obcordata Baill.; Hist. Phys. Madagascar [Grandidier], Atlas, t. 285 (1894)
= Scutia rheediana Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 3: t. 1071 (1846)
= Ziziphus capensis Thunb. ex Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 3: 193 (1813)
variant :
var. emarginata Bhandari & Bhansali; Fasc. Fl. India 20: 71 (1990)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Scutia spicata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.) Weberb.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 83 (1930)
Distribution: Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru
83 ECU GAL PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Colletia spicata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 513 (1819)
= Rhamnus guayaquilensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 7: 54 (1825)
= Rhamnus senticosa Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 7: 54 (1825)
= Sageretia decussata G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 29 (1832)
= Sageretia guayaquilensis (Kunth) Brongn.; Mém. Fam. Rhamnées 53 (1826)
= Sageretia senticosa (Kunth) Brongn.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 10: 360 (1827)
= Scutia guayaquilensis (Kunth) Weberb.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 83 (1930)
= Scutia maritima Perkins; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 464 (1911)
= Scypharia guayaquilensis (Kunth) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 6: 9 (1860)
= Scypharia senticosa (Kunth) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 6: 11 (1860)
variant :
var. pauciflora (Hook.f.) M.Johnst.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 101(2): 70 (1974)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Discaria parviflora Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 229 (1851) ex Miers
= Discaria pauciflora Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 229 (1847)
= Scutia pauciflora (Hook.f.) Weberb.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 84 (1930)
= Scypharia parviflora (Hook.f.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 6: 10 (1860)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life