384.0000 Family Caryophyllaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 299 (1789), nom. cons.

102 genera, ca. 3250 spp. Higher systematics: Xue et al. (2023)

Species listed in database: 3335; hybrids: 59

384.1107 Genus Silene L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 416 (1753)

Distribution: Mostly Europe and Russia, 110 China, 40 Africa, 50 North America, centres in Pamir/Hindukush and Transcaucasia/E-Turkey. The status of Lychnis remains very controversial.

Species listed in database: 914; hybrids: 6

= Acubalus Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 2: 167 (1790), opus utique oppr.

= Alifiola Raf.; Autik. Bot. 24 (1840)

= Anotites Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 97 (1905)

= Behen Moench; Methodus [Moench] 709 (1794) non Hill (1762)

= Behenantha (Otth) Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 15(2): (1877) 130 (nom. superfl.)

= Carpophora Klotzsch; Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke] 139. t. 32 (1862)

= Charesia E.A.Busch; Trudy Bot. Muz. 19: 182 (1926)

= Cheiropetalum E.Fr. ex Urb.; Index Sem. (Berlin) 1881(App.): 11 (1881)

= Coccyganthe (Rchb.) Rchb.; Handb. Nat. Pfl.-Syst. 298 (1837)

= Conosilene (Rohrb.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 344 (1868)

= Coronaria Guett.; Hist. Acad. Roy. Sci. (Paris) 1750(Mem.): 229 (1754)

= Corone Hoffmanns. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 422 (1841)

= Cucubalus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 414 (1753)

= Diplogama Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 38 (1852)

= Ebraxis Raf.; Autik. Bot. 29 (1840)

= Elisanthe Rchb.; Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch 206 (1841)

= Evactoma Raf.; Autik. Bot. 23 (1840)

= Exemix Raf.; Autik. Bot. 27 (1840)

= Floscuculi Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 44 (1852)

= Flox Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: p. (22) (1763)

= Gastrocalyx Schischk.; Izv. Kavkazsk. Muz. 12: 200 (1919), nom. illeg.

= Gastrolychnis (Fenzl) Rchb.; Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch 206 (1841)

= Githago Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 255 (1763)

= Hedona Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 286 (1790)

= Kaleria Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 506 (1763)

= Leptosilene Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 344 (1868)

= Lychnanthos S.G.Gmel.; Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 14(1): 525 (1770)

= Lychnidia Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 207 (1875)

= Lychnis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 436 (1753)

= Melandrium Röhl.; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 2, Phanerog. Gew.: 274 (1812)

= Muscipula Ruppius ex Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 344 (1868)

= Neoussuria Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 34: 299 (2002)

= Oberna Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 255 (1763)

= Oncerum Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 255 (1867)

= Otites Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 255 (1763)

= Peschkovia (Tzvelev) Tzvelev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 111(6): 37 (2006)

= Petrocoma Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 15(2): 200 (1869)

= Petrosilene Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 344 (1868)

= Physocarpon Neck; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 2: 164 (1790)

= Physocarpon Neck. ex Raf.; Autik. Bot. 27 (1840)

= Physolychnis (Benth.) Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 14(4) (Sert. Tiansch.): 41 (1869)

= Pleconax Raf.; Autik. Bot. 24 (1840)

= Polyschemone Schott, Nyman & Kotschy; Analect. Bot. 55 (1854)

= Schischkiniella Steenis; Blumea 15: 145 (1967)

= Scribaea Borkh.; Rhein. Mag. Erweiter. Naturk. 1(Fl. Grafsch. Catzenelnbogen): 591 (1793)

= Silenanthe Griseb. & Schenk; Arch. Naturgesch. (Berlin) 18(1): 300 (1852)

= Sofianthe Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 97 (2001)

= Uebelinia Hochst.; Flora 24(1. Intell.): 30 (1841)

= Ussuria Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 100 (2001), nom. illeg.

= Viscago Zinn; Cat. Pl. Hort. Gott. 188 (1757)

= Wahlbergella Fr.; Bot. Not. 1843: 143 (1843), nom. illeg.

= Xamilenis Raf.; Autik. Bot. 24 (1840)

= xCoromelandrium Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(2): 54 (1920)

= xLychni-cucubalus Kölr.; Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 20: 445 (1775)

= xLychnisilene Cif. & Giacom.; Nomenclator Fl. Ital. 2: 291 (1954)

species :

Silene abietum Font Quer & Maire; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 2: 199 (1949)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Silene abyssinica (Hochst.) H.Neumayer; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 72: 55 (1923)

Distribution: SE-Nigeria; Cameroon; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda

22 NGA 23 BUR CMN RWA 24 ERI ETH 25 UGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis abyssinica (Hochst.) Lidén; Nordic J. Bot. 20(5): 516 (2000 publ. 2001)

= Uebelinia abyssinica Hochst.; Flora 24(1. Intell.): 30, II. 665 (1841)

= Uebelinia hispida Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 586 (1893)

= Uebelinia nigerica Turrill; Kew Bull. [9]: 260 (1954)

= Uebelinia spathulifolia Hochst. ex T.C.E.Fr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 85 (1923)

species :

Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq.; Enum. Stirp. Vindob. 242 (1762)

subspecies :

subsp. acaulis

Name: Stengelloses Leimkraut (DE), Moss Campion (EN)

Distribution: Iceland; Jan Mayen; Svalbard; Faeroe Isl.; England (N-England, NW-Wales, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., St. Kilda Isl.); Ireland (NW-Ireland, N-Northern Ireland); Norway; Sweden; Finland; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; N-European Russia; Siberia (W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Magadan, Sakhalin); Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Newfoundland, Labrador, N. W. T., Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)

10 FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE JMY NOR SVA SWE 11 AUT LIE POL SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 BUL CRO ITA NMA ROM SLV 14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus acaulis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 415 (1753)

= Cucubalus muscosus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 30 (1779), nom. superfl.

= Lychnis acaulis (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 306 (1771)

= Oncerum acaule (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 257 (1867)

= Silene acaulis f. albiflora Cody; Canad. Field-Naturalist 108: 93 (1994), nom. illeg.

= Silene acaulis f. albiflora Hartz; Meddel. Grønland 18: 324 (1895)

= Silene acaulis f. albiflora Stefánsson; Fl. Islands 91 (1901)

= Silene acaulis f. athabascensis Argus; Rhodora 70: 209 (1968)

= Silene acaulis f. balcanica Hayek & Vierh.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 94: 142 (1917 publ. 1918)

= Silene acaulis f. subacaulescens F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 101 (1896)

= Silene acaulis subsp. arctica Á.Löve & D.Löve; Univ. Colorado Stud., Ser. Biol. 17: 21 (1965)

= Silene acaulis subsp. cenisia Vierh.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 51: 563 (1901)

= Silene acaulis subsp. longiscapa Vierh.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 51: 561 (1901)

= Silene acaulis subsp. subacaulescens (F.N.Williams) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 22 (1947), isonym

= Silene acaulis subsp. subacaulescens (F.N.Williams) Hultén; Acta Univ. Lund. 40(1): 696 (1944)

= Silene acaulis var. angustifolia Costa; Suppl. Cat. Pl. Cataluña 11 (1877), nomen

= Silene acaulis var. condensata Lindblom; Physiogr. Sällsk. Tidskr. 1: 327 (1838)

= Silene acaulis var. dianthiflora Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 817 (1832)

= Silene acaulis var. elongata (Bellardi) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 5: 749 (1805)

= Silene acaulis var. parviflora Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 367 (1824)

= Silene acaulis var. subacaulescens (F.N.Williams) Fernald & H.St.John; Rhodora 23: 120 (1921)

= Silene alpina Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 648 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. illeg.

= Silene caespitosa Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 302 (1796), nom. illeg.

= Silene elongata Bellardi; Osserv. Bot. 60 (1788)

= Silene mantziana Beauverd; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 20: 481 (1928 publ. 1929)

= Silene norica Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol [Dalla Torre & Sarnthein] 6(2): 185 (1909)

= Silene norwegica Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 500 (1805)

= Silene pannonica Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol [Dalla Torre & Sarnthein] 6(2): 185 (1909)

= Silene subacaulis Vill. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 587 (1841), nom. inval.

= Xamilenis acaulis (L.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 94 (2001)

= Xamilenis uniflora Raf.; Autik. Bot. 24 (1840), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. exscapa (All.) Killias; Fl. Unterengad. 27 (1888)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Slovakia; France; Italy; Croatia; Montenegro; Kosovo; Albania; Bulgaria

11 GER LIE SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene acaulis f. intermedia Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 136 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene acaulis proles bryoides (Jord.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 129 (1896)

= Silene acaulis proles exscapa (All.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 130 (1896)

= Silene acaulis subsp. balcanica (Hayek & F.Vierh.) Trinajstić & Zi.Pavletić; Suppl. Fl. Anal. Jugosl. 6: 14

= Silene acaulis subsp. bryoides (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 93 (1878)

= Silene acaulis subsp. exscapa (All.) F.Vierh.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 51: 565 (1901)

= Silene acaulis subsp. norica F.Vierh.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 51: 560 (1901)

= Silene acaulis var. balcanica Hayek & F.Vierh.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 94: 142 (1916)

= Silene acaulis var. bryoides (Jord.) Costa; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 3: 179 (1874)

= Silene acaulis var. bryoides (Jord.) Willk.; Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov., t. 51 (1852)

= Silene acaulis var. exscapa (All.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4(2): 749 (1805)

= Silene acaulis var. exscapa (All.) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 109 (1889)

= Silene bryoides Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. Ser. 2, 1: 241 (1852)

= Silene exscapa All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 83 (1785)

= Silene exscapa subsp. norica (F.Vierh.) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1(1): 99 (1949)

= Xamilenis exscapa (All.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 94 (2001)

subspecies :

subsp. vanensis Özgökçe & Kit Tan; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 42(2): 144 (2005)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene acutidentata Bondarenko & Vved.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 2: 323 (1971)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan

32 KAZ KGZ

species :

Silene acutifolia Link ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 141 (1869)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene melandrioides Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 3, 9: 233 (1878)

= Silene melandrioides var. acutifolia (Link ex Rohrb.) Willk.; Ill. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm] 1: 94 (1883)

species :

Silene adelphiae Runemark; Willdenowia 14: 45 (1984)

Distribution: Greece (SE-Kiklades: Sirina, Zafora, Astakida)

13 GRC

Remarks: congesta agg.

species :

Silene adenocalyx F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 403 (1909)

Distribution: Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Silene adenopetala Raikova; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4: 169 (1923)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan

32 KAZ KGZ UZB

species :

Silene adenophora (Schischk.) Czerep.; Vasc. Pl. Russia & Adj. States (former USSR) 173 (1995)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan

32 KGZ

Remarks: subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe adenophora (Schischk.) Devyatov & V.N.Tikhom.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 97(3): 123 (1992)

= Melandrium adenophorum Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 705, 890 (1936)

species :

Silene aegaea Oxelman; Willdenowia 25(1): 157 (1995)

Distribution: Greece (Kiklades: Tinos, Amorgos); East Aegaean Isl. (Ikaria)

13 GRC 34 EAI

Remarks: an allopolyploid derived from S. sedoides and S. pentelica

species :

Silene aegyptiaca (L.) L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 241 (1782)

subspecies :

subsp. aegyptiaca

Distribution: Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Turkey (S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Jordania (E-Jordania, W-Jordania)

20 EGY 34 CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus aegyptiacus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 415 (1753)

= Saponaria atocioides (Boiss.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 16 (1846)

= Silene atocioides Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 83 (1844)

= Silene atocion Jacq.; Hort. Bot. Vindob. 2: 19 (1777), nom. illeg.

= Silene atocion L.; Syst. Veg., ed. 13 [J.A.Murray], 2: 421 (1774)

= Silene orchidea L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 241 (1782)

= Silene retroflexa Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 780 (1821), ed. 2, 2: 587 (1840)

= Silene spathulata Willd. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 156 (1869)

subspecies :

subsp. ruderalis Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 8 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey; Iran

34 IRN TUR

species :

Silene aellenii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 182 (1936), nom. nov.

Distribution: SE-Spain; Morocco; Algeria

12 SPA 20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene divaricata Clemente; Elench. Pl. Horti Matr. 103 (1806)

= Silene divaricata Clemente ex Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 15 (1816) non Sm.

= Silene divaricata var. brachycalyx Pau & Font Quer; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. 1929, no. 145, in sched. (1930)

= Silene divaricata var. willkommiana J.Gay ex Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 660 (1849)

= Silene ramosissima Willk.; Strand-Steppengeb. Iber. Halbins. [Thes.] 108 (1852), nom. inval.

= Silene willkommiana J.Gay; Notes Pl. Crit. 1(2): 32 (1949)

species :

Silene aethiopica Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. 13 (1768)

subspecies :

subsp. aethiopica

Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene burchellii var. cernua (Thunb.) F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 76 (1896)

= Silene cernua Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 81 (1794)

= Silene clandestina Jacq.; Collectanea [Jacquin] 5: 111 (1797)

= Silene clandestina var. major Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 1: 128 (1860)

= Silene clandestina var. minor Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 1: 128 (1860)

= Silene constantia Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 32 (1835)

= Silene crassifolia var. angustifolia Bartl.; Linnaea 7: 623 (1832)

= Silene linifolia Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 473 (1809)

= Silene recta Bartl.; Linnaea 7: 623 (1832)

subspecies :

subsp. longiflora J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 42(2): 181 (2012)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Silene affghanica Rohrb.; Index Sem. (Berlin) 1867(App. 2): 5 (1867)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan); Pakistan (Chitral, Astor)

34 AFG 40 PAK

species :

Silene afromontana F.Jafari, Oxelman & Rabeler; Taxon 69(2): 357 (2020)

Distribution: Kenya; N-Tanzania

25 KEN TAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis rotundifolia (Oliv.) M.Popp; Novon 18(1): 99 (2008)

= Silene rotundifolia (Oliv.) H.Neumayer

= Uebelinia rotundifolia Oliv.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 397 (1886)

species :

Silene ajanensis (Regel & Tiling) Vorosch.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 84: 31 (1972)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Sakhalin)

31 RFE

Remarks: Subgen. Lychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis ajanensis Regel & Tiling; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 564 (1862)

= Melandrium ajanense (Regel & Tiling) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 230 (1869 publ. 1870)

= Melandrium triflorum var. ajanense Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 69 (1858)

= Silene ajanensis subsp. villosula (Trautv.) Vorosch.; Florist. Issl. Razn. Raionakh S.S.S.R. [A.K.Skvortsov] 166 (1985)

= Sofianthe ajanensis (Regel & Tiling) Tzvelev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 111(6): 38 (2006)

species :

Silene akaisialpina (T.Yamaz.) H.Ohashi, Tateishi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 72(4): 195 (1997)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium keiskei f. leucanthum (Takeda) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 30: 94 (1955)

= Melandrium keiskei var. akaisialpinum T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 30: 94 (1955)

= Silene akaisialpina f. leucantha (Takeda) H.Ohashi, Tateishi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 72: 196 (1997)

= Silene keiskei f. leucantha (Takeda) Ohwi & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 49: 345 (1974)

= Silene keiskei lusus leucantha Takeda; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 236 (1915)

= Silene keiskei var. akaisialpina (T.Yamaz.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 49: 345 (1974)

species :

Silene akinfievii Schmalh.; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 10: 286 (1892)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Charesia akinfievii (Schmalh.) E.A.Busch; Trudy Bot. Muz. 19: 183 (1926)

= Elisanthe akinfievii (Schmalh.) Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim], ed. 2, 3: 259 (1945)

= Melandrium akinfievii (Schmalh.) Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 709 (1936)

species :

Silene akiyamae Rajbh. & Mits.Suzuki; J. Jap. Bot. 82(5): 280 (2007)

Distribution: Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Silene akmaniana Ekim & Çelik; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 42: 85 (1984)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene alaschanica (Maxim.) Bocquet; Candollea 22(1): 15 (1967)

Distribution: China (Nei Mongol, Ningxia)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis alaschanica Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 26: 427 (1880)

= Melandrium alaschanicum (Maxim.) Y.Z.Zhao; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Intramongol. 16(4): 588 (1985)

species :

Silene albescens Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 28 (1843)

Distribution: Iran (S-Iran, SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene alexandrae B.Keller; Trudy Obshch. Estestvoisp. Imp. Kazansk. Univ. 44(5): 72 (1912)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; China (N-Xinjiang)

32 KAZ 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene altaica var. grandiflora C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 87 (1843)

= Silene altaica var. hystrix Trautv.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 33(1): 151 (1860)

species :

Silene alexandri Hillebr.; Fl. Hawaiian Isl. [Hillebrand] 28 (1888)

Distribution: Hawaii (east Molokai)

63 HAW

Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered

species :

Silene alexandrina (Asch.) Danin; Israel J. Bot. 36: 65 (1987)

Distribution: Crete (S- & SE-Crete, Chrisi Isl., Koufonisi Isl.); Egypt (Nile Delta); Cyprus (N-Cyprus); Israel (N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert)

13 KRI 20 EGY 34 CYP ISR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene apetala var. alexandrina Asch.; Ill. Fl. Égypte 46 (1887)

species :

Silene alexeenkoi (Lazkov) comb.ined.

Distribution: China

36 CHI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis alexeenkoi Lazkov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 88(6): 120 (2003)

species :

Silene almolae J.Gay; Notes Pl. Crit. 1(2): 31 (1849)

Distribution: SE- & C-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene behen var. almolae (J.Gay) Pau; Cavanillesia 8: 112 (1937)

= Silene boissieri var. latifolia Willk.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 86 (1891)

= Silene laminiensis Gonz.Albo; Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 35: 186 (1936)

species :

Silene alpicola Schischk.; Izv. Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 77: 291 (1927)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Silene altaica Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 497 (1805)

Distribution: C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Azerbaijan; China (N-Xinjiang); Mongolia

14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 AZE 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus fruticulosus Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. [Pallas] 2: 739, t. 7 (1773)

= Physolychnis altaica (Pers.) Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 14(4): 41 (1869)

= Silene dianthifolia Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 373 (1824)

= Silene frutescens M.Bieb.; Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp., German ed. 175 (1800)

= Silene fruticosa Georgi; Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich 3(4): 974 (1800), nom. illeg.

= Silene fruticulosa (Pall.) Schischk. ex Krylov; Fl. Sibir. Occid. 5: 1060 (1931) (not Siebold ex Otth (1824), nor M. Bieberstein (1825))

= Silene suffruticosa Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. [Pallas] 2: 522 (1773)

species :

Silene aminii Assadi; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 168: 677 (2023)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Silene aminiradii Gholipour; Novon 29: 195 (2021)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Silene ammophila Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 82 (1849)

subspecies :

subsp. ammophila

Distribution: Crete (coastal E- & SE-Crete, Chrisi Isl.)

13 KRI

Remarks: Subgen. Pleconax

Synonyms: hidden

= Conosilene conica subsp. ammophila (Boiss. & Heldr.) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 50A: 374 (1971)

= Pleconax ammophila (Boiss. & Heldr.) Šourková; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119: 571 (1972)

= Pleconax conica subsp. ammophila (Boiss. & Heldr.) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; Lagascalia 4(1): 14 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. carpathae Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 278 (1957)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Kasos, Karpathos)

34 EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Conosilene conica var. carpathae (Chowdhuri) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 50A: 374 (1971)

= Pleconax ammophila subsp. carpathae (Chowdhuri) Šourková; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119(4-5): 579 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Pleconax carpathae (Chowdhuri) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 14: 78 (1977)

= Pleconax conica var. carpathae (Chowdhuri) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; Lagascalia 4(1): 14 (1974)

species :

Silene amoena L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 417 (1753)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Nei Mongol); Mongolia; Pakistan (Chitral, Astor, Baltistan, Gilgit, Deosai, Azad Kashmir); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh)

30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 36 CHI 37 MON 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus dauricus Pall. ex Bunge; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 544 (1835), pro syn.

= Cucubalus sibiricus Willd. ex Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 777 (1843)

= Cucubalus staticifolius Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 416 (1812)

= Silene amoena subsp. igoschinae Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 106 (2001)

= Silene baicalensis Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 575 (1842)

= Silene graminifolia f. tenuis (Willd.) Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 26 (1861)

= Silene graminifolia lusus subglabra Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 549 (1862)

= Silene graminifolia lusus tenuis (Willd.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 549 (1862)

= Silene graminifolia var. subglabra Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 64 (1858), nom. superfl.

= Silene graminifolia var. tenuis (Willd.) Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 65 (1858)

= Silene jenisea var. latifolia Turcz.; Fl. Baical.-dahur. 1: 205 (1842)

= Silene jeniseensis var. latifolia (Turcz.) Y.Z.Zhao; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Intramongol. 16: 597 (1985), no basionym ref.

= Silene repens Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 614 (1867), nom. illeg.

= Silene sajanensis Less. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 307 (1842)

= Silene tenuifolia Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 379 (1824)

= Silene tenuis Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 1: 474 (1809)

= Silene viscaginoides Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl. 49 (1819)

species :

Silene ampullata Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 26 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, S-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Syria (C-Syrian Desert)

34 IRN IRQ SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrocalyx ampullata (Boiss.) Schischk.; Izv. Kavkazsk. Muz. 12: 200 (1919)

= Schischkiniella ampullata (Boiss.) Steenis; Blumea 15: 145 (1967)

species :

Silene anatolica Melzh. & A.Baytop; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 38: 449, f. 1 (1980)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Oberna, cserei agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Oberna anatolica (Melzh. & A.Baytop) Fedor.; Ukrayins´k Bot. Zhurn. 54(1): 74 (1997)

species :

Silene andarabica Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 16: 529 (1980)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Baghlan, Kabul, Takhar)

34 AFG

species :

Silene andicola Gillies; Bot. Misc. 3: 147 (1833)

Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz, Oruro); Argentina (Neuquén, Rio Negro); Chile (O´Higgins, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Lagos, Magallanes)

83 BOL 85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis andicola (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 61 (1889)

= Melandrium andicola (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 221 (1869)

= Melandrium chilense var. argentinense Hosseus; Trab. Inst. Bot. Farmacol. 33: 35 (1915)

= Melandrium chilense var. cucubaloides (Fenzl ex Rohrb.) Hosseus; Trab. Inst. Bot. Farmacol. 33: 34 (1915)

= Melandrium cucubaloides Fenzl ex Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 223 (1869 publ. 1870)

= Saponaria andicola (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Kunze ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 231 (1869)

= Wahlbergella andicola (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 1: 15 (1903)

species :

Silene andryalifolia Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 331 (1875)

Distribution: S-Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

12 SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN

Remarks: mollissima agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene mollissima subsp. pseudovelutina (Rothm.) Losa & Rivas Goday ex Fern.Casas; Candollea 30: 286 (1975)

= Silene mollissima var. maroccana Maire; [nom. inval.]

= Silene pseudovelutina Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 52: 282 (1943)

= Silene tomentosa var. arundana (Pau) Pau; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 28: 159 (1930)

= Silene velutina subsp. andryalifolia (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 140 (1888)

= Silene velutina var. arundana Pau; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 24: 269 (1924)

species :

Silene anisoloba Schrenk; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 2, 2: 198 (1844)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

species :

Silene antarctica (Kuntze) Pedersen; Fl. Patagonica 4a: 234 (1984)

Distribution: Argentina (Santa Cruz); Chile (Magallanes)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis antarctica Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 14 (1898)

= Melandrium alpestre (Kuntze) Dusén; Ark. Bot. 7(2): 15 (1907)

species :

Silene antirrhina L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 419 (1753)

Name: Sleepy Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora, Tamaulipas); Isla Guadalupe [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Paraguay [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]

11 ger 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 glp MEX 83 bol per 84 bra 85 arg par uru

Synonyms: hidden

= Ebraxis antirrhina (L.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 102 (2001)

= Ebraxis virgata Raf.; Autik. Bot. 29 (1840)

= Gypsophila dioica Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(2) (Cur. Post.): 178 (1827)

= Saponaria dioica Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 1: 38 (1826)

= Silene antirrhina f. apetala Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 97 (1924)

= Silene antirrhina f. bicolor Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 55 (1928)

= Silene antirrhina f. deaneana Fernald; Rhodora 17: 96 (1915)

= Silene antirrhina var. albiflora Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 790 (1903)

= Silene antirrhina var. confinis Fernald; Rhodora 17: 97 (1915)

= Silene antirrhina var. depauperata Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 408 (1904)

= Silene antirrhina var. divaricata B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 132 (1893)

= Silene antirrhina var. laevigata Engelm. & A.Gray; Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 213 (1845)

= Silene antirrhina var. minor Cambess.; Fl. Bras. Merid. [A.St.-Hilaire] 2: 164 (1830)

= Silene antirrhina var. pteroneura Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 213 (1886)

= Silene antirrhina var. roseiflora Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 790 (1903)

= Silene antirrhina var. subglabra Engelm. & A.Gray; Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 213 (1845)

= Silene antirrhina var. vaccariifolia Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 407 (1904)

= Silene pteroneura (Ball) F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 132 (1896)

species :

Silene antri-jovis Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 16(2): 440 (1987), nom. nov.

Distribution: Crete (S- & SE-Crete, Chrisi Isl., Koufonisi Isl.)

13 KRI

Remarks: saxifraga agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene fruticulosa Sieber ex Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 376 (1824), nom. illeg.

= Silene gymnotheca Pančić ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 92 (1878), nom. inval.

= Silene olympica Pančić ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 139 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene saxifraga subsp. fruticulosa (Sieber ex Otth) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 312 (1882)

species :

Silene aomorensis M.Mizush.; J. Jap. Bot. 48: 65 (1973)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

species :

Silene aperta Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 75 (1904)

Name: Naked catchfly

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Silene apetala Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 703 (1799)

Name: Kronblattloses Leimkraut (DE); Bare Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Albania; C-Greece (Attiki); Crete (E-Crete, Dragonada Isl.); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Eritrea; NE-Somalia; Soqotra; East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos, Karpathos); Turkey (W-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Nangarhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, Negev Desert, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (W-Yemen); Pakistan (Chitral, N. W. Frontier Prov., Baltistan, Deosai, Dras); NW-India (Ladakh, Rupshu, Zanskar, Jammu & Kashmir); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I])

12 BAL POR SAR SPA 13 ALB GRC ITA KRI SIC 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 24 ERI SOC SOM 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN SYR TUR 35 OMA SAU UAE YEM 40 IND PAK 50 aus

Remarks: Subgen. Gastrolychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis brachypetala Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl. 51 (1819)

= Lychnis inclusa Lehm.; Linnaea 5(Lit.): 46 (1830)

= Lychnis parviflora Turcz. ex Besser; Flora 17(1. Beibl.): 8 (1834)

= Lychnis pauciflora Fisch. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 386 (1824), nom. inval.

= Silene anomala Dufour ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 118 118 (1869)

= Silene apetala var. berenicea Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 24: 130 (1917)

= Silene apetala var. glabrata Hosny & Shamso; Taeckholmia 14: 33 (1992-93 publ. 1993)

= Silene apetala var. grandiflora Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 597 (1867)

= Silene aspera Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 118 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene brachypetala Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1850(Adv. Bot.): 9 (1851), nom. illeg.

= Silene decipiens Barceló; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 8: 340 (1879) non Ball

= Silene glauca Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 118 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene glaucifolia Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1850(Adv. Bot.): 9 (1851), nom. inval.

= Silene gracilis Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (9)

= Silene inamoena Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (7)

= Silene pallidiflora Link ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 118 (1869)

= Silene praecox Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 118 (1869)

= Silene rigoi Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 94 (1888), pro syn.

= Silene vilis Fenzl ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 596 (1867), nom. inval.

= Sofianthe brachypetala (Hornem.) Tzvelev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 111(6): 39 (2006)

= Viscago aspera (Willd.) Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 409 (1813)

species :

Silene aprica Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 1: 38 (1835)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Sakhalin [I]); Kyrgyzstan; China (throughout); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; N-India (Sikkim)

30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KGZ 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe aprica (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Peschkova; Fl. Centr. Sibiri 1: 328 (1979)

= Elisanthe aprica subsp. daurica Zuev; Fl. Sibir. (Portulacac.-Ranunculac.) 6: 60 (1993)

= Hedona ischnopetala F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 405 (1909)

= Lychnis ischnopetala (F.N.Williams) Majumdar; Fl. Ind. 2: 542 (1993)

= Melandrium apricum (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 231 (1868)

= Melandrium apricum subsp. oldhamianum (Miq.) Kitag.; Lin. Fl. Manshur. 199 (1939)

= Melandrium apricum var. oldhamianum (Miq.) Y.C.Chu; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 3: 60, t. 24, f. 1-7 (1975)

= Melandrium apricum var. rutoense L.H.Zhou; Rep. Invest. Fl. Fauna Ah Li 127, 89 (1979)

= Melandrium oldhamianum (Miq.) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 241 (1869)

= Melandrium oldhamianum f. album (Nakai) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 269 (1979)

= Melandrium taquetii (H.Lév.) Nakai; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 269 (1914)

= Melandrium taquetii var. album Nakai

= Neoussuria aprica (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 34: 299 (2002)

= Silene aprica subsp. oldhamiana (Miq.) C.Y.Wu ex C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 16: 119 (1994)

= Silene aprica Turcz.; Linnaea 10(Lit.): 102 (1836)

= Silene aprica var. oldhamiana (Miq.) C.Y.Wu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 26: 343-344, t. 85: 5-9 (1996)

= Silene aprica var. ryukyuensis T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 70(6): 344 (1995)

= Silene melandriiformis Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 54 (1859)

= Silene morii Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 35 (1913)

= Silene mushaensis Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 35-36 (1913)

= Silene oldhamiana Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 187 (1867)

= Silene peschkovae Chepinoga; Botanica Pacifica 12(2): 122 (2023), nom. nov. for Elisanthe aprica subsp. daurica Zuev

= Silene taquetii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 350 (1912)

= Ussuria aprica (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 100 (2001)

species :

Silene arabica Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 593 (1867)

Distribution: Egypt (SE-Egypt); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Helmand, Kandahar); Israel (Rift Valley, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Jordania (E-Jordania, S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Yemen (W-Yemen)

20 EGY 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN 35 KUW QAT SAU UAE YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene affinis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 1: 72 (1854) (non Godr. (1853))

= Silene nabathaea Gomb. & A.Camus; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 93: 125 (1947)

species :

Silene araratica Schischk.; Izv. Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 77: 292 (1927)

subspecies :

subsp. araratica

Distribution: Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM 34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene pulchella Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 273 (1957)

subspecies :

subsp. davisii (Chowdhuri) Ghaz.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 103 (1983)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene davisii Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 272 (1957)

species :

Silene arenarioides Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 355 (1798)

Distribution: S-Morocco; S-Algeria; S-Tunisia

20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene nicaeensis var. arenarioides (Desf.) Batt.; Fl. Algérie Tunisie 58 (1905)

species :

Silene arenosa K.Koch; Linnaea 15: 711 (1841)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (Nachichevan)

33 ARM AZE

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene kowalenskyi Stschegl.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 26(1): 322 (1853)

species :

Silene argaea Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 36 (1854)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene argentea Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 311 (1842)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

33 GEO NCS 34 TUR

Remarks: spergulifolia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene armeniaca Rohrb.; Index Sem. (Berlin) 1867(App. 2): 5 (1867)

= Silene brachycarpa Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 29 (1859)

= Silene brotheriana Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13: 36 (1893)

= Silene fasciculata Boiss. & Heldr.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 613 (1867), nom. inval.

= Silene pestalozzae Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 87 (1849)

= Silene pruinosa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 23 (1843)

= Silene supina subsp. pruinosa (Boiss.) Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 266 (1957)

species :

Silene argentina (Pax) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 35 (1967)

Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Cordoba, San Luis)

85 ARG

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis argentina (Pax) Speg.; Contr. Fl. Sierra Vent. 16 (1896)

= Melandrium argentinum Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 23 (1893)

species :

Silene argentinensis Hauman; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Bernardino Rivadavia 32: 189 (1923), nomen, et An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 32: 457 (1925), descr.

Distribution: Bolivia (Tarija); Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, Jujuy, Mendoza, Tucuman)

83 BOL 85 ARG

species :

Silene arghireica Vals.; Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 30: 459 (1994-95 publ. 1995)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Algeria

12 POR SAR SPA 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG

species :

Silene argillosa Munby; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: 44 (1864)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

species :

Silene arguta Fenzl; Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr. 8 (1842)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene aucheriana var. glabrescens Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 19: 216 (1906)

= Silene prilipkoana Schischk.; Trudy Bot. Inst. (Baku) 2: 277 (1936)

variant :

var. sisianica (Boiss. & Buhse) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 136 (1868)

Distribution: Armenia; Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 ARM 34 IRN IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene aucheriana subsp. sisianica (Boiss. & Buhse) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27: 314 (1910)

= Silene pachyneura Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 660 (1936), rossice

= Silene sisianica Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 36 (1860)

species :

Silene aristidis Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 330 (1875)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

species :

Silene armena Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 29 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene amasiensis Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 99 (1895), as ´amassiensis´

= Silene dianthifolia J.Gay; Asie Min., Bot. [P.A.Tchichatscheff] 1: 193 (1860), nom. illeg.

= Silene dschabanica K.Koch ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 180 (1869)

= Silene filipes Freyn & Sint.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 98 (1895)

= Silene fruticulosa Fenzl ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 128 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene lycica Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 256 (1957)

= Silene scabridula Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 643 (1867)

= Silene staticefolia Fenzl ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 180 (1869)

= Silene tenuicaulis Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 40: 400 (1890)

variant :

var. serrulata (Boiss.) Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 1 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene serrulata Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 643 (1867)

species :

Silene arsuzensis Özbek & Uzunh.; Phytotaxa 397(1): 75 (2019)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene articulata Viv.; Fl. Libyc. Spec. 23 (1824)

Distribution: Libya

20 LBY

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene gallica var. articulata (Viv.) Durand & Barratte

species :

Silene asclepiadea Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 30: 111 (1886) 422, et Pl. Delavay. 84 (1889)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis adenantha (Franch.) Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 7: 302 (1912)

= Melandrium adenanthum (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 204 (1929)

= Melandrium asclepiadeum (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 343 (1934)

= Melandrium kermesinum (W.W.Sm.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 205 (1929)

= Melandrium viscidulum var. szechuense (F.N.Williams) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 205 (1929)

= Silene adenantha Franch.; Pl. Delavay. 84 (1889)

= Silene asclepiadea var. glutinosa Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 422 (1886)

= Silene kermesina W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(55): 224-225 (1919)

= Silene lutea Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 422 (1886)

= Silene szechuensis F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 34: 428 (1898)

species :

Silene asirensis D.F.Chamb. & Collen.; Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(1): 55 (1994)

Distribution: Saudi Arabia

35 SAU

species :

Silene assyriaca Hausskn. & Bornm. ex Lazkov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 89(7): 1181 (2004)

Distribution: Iraq

34 IRQ

species :

Silene astartes C.I.Blanche ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 102 (1888)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon)

34 LEB

species :

Silene astrachanica (Pacz.) Takht.; Krasnaya Kniga 48 (1975)

Distribution: European Russia

14 RUS

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium astrachanicum Pacz.; Zap. Kievsk. Obshch. Estestvoisp. 1892: 39 or 59 (1892)

species :

Silene atlantica Coss. & Durieu; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 2: 307 (1855)

Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG TUN

species :

Silene atrocastanea Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(25): 181 (1912)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium atrocastaneum (Diels) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 206-207 (1929)

= Silene cupiformis C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 152-153, f. 5, 6-9 (1982)

species :

Silene atsaensis (C.Marquand) Bocquet; Candollea 22(1): 20 (1967)

Distribution: Tibet

36 TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis atsaensis C.Marquand; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48(321): 163-164 (1929)

= Melandrium atsaense (C.Marquand) Pax & K.Hoffm.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 342 (1934)

species :

Silene aucheriana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 27 (1843)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Pakistan (Baluchistan)

32 TKM 34 IRN IRQ 40 PAK

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium; often included in S. montbretiana

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene aucheriana f. stenophylla Bornm.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 118 (1905)

= Silene aucheriana var. angustifolia Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 3: 99 (1907)

= Silene aucheriana var. hohenackeri (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 617 (1867)

= Silene hohenackeri Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 1: 75 (1854)

= Silene rudbarica Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 36 (1860)

species :

Silene auriculata Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 292 (1809)

subspecies :

subsp. auriculata

Distribution: Greece (mountans of C-Greece around Mt. Giona and Mt. Parnassos, N-Peloponnisos around Mt. Killini and Mt. Chelmos)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium auriculatum (Sibth. & Sm.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 231 (1869)

= Silenanthe auriculata (Sm.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 101 (2001)

subspecies :

subsp. lanuginosa (Bertol.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 87 (1882)

Distribution: Italy (Alpi Apuane)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Behen lanuginosus (Bertol.) Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 245 (1829)

= Melandrium lanuginosum (Bertol.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 233 (1869)

= Silene lanuginosa Bertol.; J. Bot. Agric. 2: 76 (1813)

species :

Silene auriculifolia Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 332 (1875)

Distribution: +S-Spain (Malaga); +Morocco; Algeria

12 SPA 20 ALG MOR

Remarks: mollissima agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene mogadorensis subsp. auriculifolia (Pomel) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 28: 343 (1937)

= Silene mollissima subsp. auriculifolia (Pomel) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 28: 343 (1937)

= Silene mollissima var. oranensis Maire; [nom. inval.]

= Silene tomentosa var. auriculifolia (Pomel) Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 290 (1921)

species :

Silene austroiranica Rech.f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 349 (1952)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman)

34 IRN IRQ 35 KUW OMA SAU UAE

species :

Silene avromana Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 105 (1888)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN IRQ

species :

Silene ayachica Humbert; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 15: 192 (1924), et ex Litard. & Maire, Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 26: 7 (1931), descr. ampl.

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Silene aydosensis K.Yıldız & Erik; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 47: 152 (2010)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene azirensis Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 28: 4 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene baccifera (L.) Durande; Fl. Bourgogne 1: 260 (1782)

Name: Hühnerbiss (DE)

Distribution: Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; N-Greece; Estonia [I]; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Moldova; Crimea; +Algeria; Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Pakistan (Swat, Hazara, Murree, Azad Kashmir); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Myanmar; Vietnam

11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA POR SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR est KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG 31 RFE 32 KAZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRQ LEB TUR 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus baccatus Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 333 (1842)

= Cucubalus baccifer f. atropurpureus Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 129 (1913)

= Cucubalus baccifer f. major Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 124 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Cucubalus baccifer L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 414 (1753)

= Cucubalus baccifer var. angustifolius L.H.Zhou; Fl. Xizang. 1: 709, f. 227, 5-10 (1983)

= Cucubalus baccifer var. cavaleriei H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 67 (1914)

= Cucubalus baccifer var. gustawiczianus Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 124 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Cucubalus baccifer var. japonicus Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 210 (1866)

= Cucubalus divaricatus Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse 145 (1811)

= Cucubalus divaricatus G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. ex Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse 145 (1811)

= Cucubalus horizontalis Moench; Methodus [Moench] 711 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Cucubalus japonicus (Miq.) Vorosch.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 38: 50 (1960)

= Cucubalus kashmiriensis A.K.Skvortsov & Proskur.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 81(4): 154 (1976)

= Lychnanthos scandens C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. [C.C.Gmelin] 2: 249 (1806), nom. illeg.

= Lychnanthos volubilis S.G.Gmel.; Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 14(1): 525. t. 17, f. 1 (1770)

= Lychnis baccifera (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 306 (1771)

= Scribaea baccifera (L.) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 100 (1866)

= Scribaea cucubalus Borkh.; Rhein. Mag. Erweiter. Naturk. 1(Fl. Grafsch. Catzenelnbogen): 591 (1793), nom. illeg.

= Scribaea divaricata G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.; Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 2: 96 (1800), nom. illeg.

= Silene baccifera (L.) Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 2(1): 491 (1789), isonym

= Silene baccifera f. atropurpurea (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 526 (2017)

= Silene baccifera var. japonica (Miq.) H.Ohashi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 77(5): 268 (1996)

= Silene fissa Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 302 (1796)

= Silene woroschilovii Chepinoga; Botanica Pacifica 12(2): 122 (2023), nom. nov. for Cucubalus baccifer var. japonicus Miq.

= Viscago baccifera (L.) Vest; Man. Bot. [Vest] 668 (1805)

species :

Silene badachschanica Ovcz.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 8: No. 6, 38 (1965)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

species :

Silene badaroi Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 110(Sess. Extraord.): 130 (1963 publ. 1966), nom. nov.

Distribution: SE-France (Alpes Maritimes); NW-Italy (Liguria: Capraia Isl.)

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene italica subsp. salzmannii Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 93 (1882)

= Silene salzmannii Badarò ex Moretti; Giorn. Fis. Chim. Storia Nat. Med. Arti, Dec. 2, 9: 78 (1826), nom. illeg.

= Silene tyrrhenia Jeanm. & Bocquet; Candollea 38: 298 (1983)

species :

Silene badzhalensis Barkalov & Krestov; Botanica Pacifica 7(1): 81 (2018)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk)

31 RFE

species :

Silene bakhtiarica Assadi; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 168: 806 (2023)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Silene balansae Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 31 (1859)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium balansae (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 109 (1888)

= Melandrium saxosum A.P.Khokhr.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 94(6): 95 (1989)

species :

Silene baldshuanica B.Fedtsch.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 14: 1 (1908)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Balkh, Takhar)

32 TZK UZB 34 AFG

species :

Silene bamianica Gilli; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 59: 174 (1956)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan)

34 AFG

species :

Silene banksia (Meerb.) Mabb.; Telopea 8: 253 (1999)

Name: Brilliant campion

Distribution: Siberia (Chita); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Mongolia; North Korea; Japan (Honshu, ?Hokkaido, Kyushu); USA [I] (Pennsylvania [I])

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP NKO 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma banksia Meerb.; Pl. Select. Icon. Pict. t. 28 (1798)

= Agrostemma bungeanum D.Don; Brit. Fl. Gard. [Sweet] 7: t. 317 (1836)

= Agrostemma fulgens (Fisch. ex Spreng.) Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 643 (1843)

= Agrostemma grandiflorum (Jacq.) Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 648 (1843)

= Exemix grandiflora (Jacq.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 27 (1840)

= Hedona sinensis Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 286 (1790)

= Lychnis bungeana Fisch. ex Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 22: t. 1864 (1836)

= Lychnis coccinea Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 304 (1796)

= Lychnis coronata Thunb.; Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 4: 39 (1783)

= Lychnis coronata var. sieboldii (Van Houtte ex Planch.) L.H.Bailey; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 2: 956 (1900)

= Lychnis coronata var. speciosa (Carrière) L.H.Bailey; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 2: 956 (1900)

= Lychnis coronata var. verticillata Makino; Somoku Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 2: 670 (1910)

= Lychnis fulgens f. glabra (Nakai) W.Lee; Lineam. Fl. Koreae 257 (1996)

= Lychnis fulgens Fisch. ex Spreng.; Novi Provent. [Sprengel] 26 (1818)

= Lychnis fulgens var. glabra Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 35: 143 (1921)

= Lychnis fulgens var. haageana (Benary ex Lem.) G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 306 (1885)

= Lychnis fulgens var. sieboldii (Van Houtte ex Planch.) G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 306

= Lychnis fulgens var. speciosa (Carrière) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 105 (1894)

= Lychnis grandiflora unranked gigantea Barr & Sugden; Nursery Cat. (Barr & Son) 1866(Autumn): 3 (1866)

= Lychnis grandiflora Jacq.; Collectanea [Jacquin] 1: 149 (1786)

= Lychnis grandiflora var. haageana (Benary ex Lem.) Bois; Dict. Hort. [Bois] 792 (1899)

= Lychnis grandiflora var. sieboldii (Van Houtte ex Planch.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 105 (1894)

= Lychnis grandiflora var. tetrapetala Ser.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 386 (1824)

= Lychnis haageana Benary ex Lem.; Ill. Hort. 6: t. 195 (1859)

= Lychnis haageana superba Abbey; J. Hort. Cottage Gard. 32: 83 (1864)

= Lychnis haageana var. hybrida Rodigas; Bull. Arboric. Floric. Culture Potag. 1897: 105 (1897)

= Lychnis senno Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 1: 98 (1839)

= Lychnis sieboldii Van Houtte ex Planch.; Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 10: 31 (1854)

= Lychnis speciosa Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 42: 530 (1871)

= Silene banksia f. verticillata (Makino) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 86: 231 (2011)

= Silene bungeana (D.Don) H.Ohashi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 71: 269 (1996)

= Silene fulgens (Fisch. ex Spreng.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, Abbild., 5: 96 (1901)

= Silene ganpi H.Ohba & S.Akiyama; Bull. Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo 41: 42 (2005), nom. nov. superfl. for Lychnis coronata Thunb.

= Silene grandiflora (Jacq.) H.Ohashi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 71(2): 110 (1996), non Franch. (1886)

= Silene grandiflora f. verticillata (Makino) H.Ohashi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 71: 271 (1996)

= Silene senno (Siebold & Zucc.) S.Akiyama; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 2a: 208 (2006)

= Silene sieboldii (Van Houtte ex Planch.) H.Ohashi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 71: 270 (1996)

= Silene sinensis (Lour.) H.Ohashi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 71(5): 270 (1996)

= Silene sinensis f. verticillata (Makino) H.Ohashi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 71: 271 (1996)

species :

Silene baranovii Ovcz. & Kurbanb.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 20(12): 40 (1977)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

species :

Silene barbara Humbert & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 14 (1926)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Silene barbeyana Heldr. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 107 (1888)

Distribution: C-Greece (Mt. Giona, Mt. Vardousia, Mt. Parnassos)

13 GRC

species :

Silene barrattei Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund., n. s. 1(4): 30 (1905)

Distribution: Tunisia

20 TUN

species :

Silene baschkirorum Janisch.; Izv. Saratovsk. Obshch. Estestvoisp. 3(1): 33 (1929)

Distribution: C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Kazakhstan

14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites baschkirorum (Janisch.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 437 (1970)

= Otites polaris (Kleopow) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 437 (1970)

= Otites polaris var. pohleanus Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 111 (2001)

= Silene otites subsp. polaris (Kleopow) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114(1): 52 (1961)

= Silene polaris Kleopow; Zhurn. Inst. Bot. Vseukraïns´k. Akad. Nauk. 9(17): 113 (1936), et Fl. URSS 6: 687, 890 (1936)

species :

Silene batangensis H.Limpr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 363 (1922)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium batangense (H.Limpr.) Pax & K.Hoffm.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 343 (1934)

= Silene dawoensis Limpr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 363 (1922)

species :

Silene bayburtensis Hamzaoğlu & Aksoy; Turk. J. Bot. 34(1): 48 (47-50, figs) (2010)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene bazardzica Šourková; Novit. Bot. Univ. Carol. 8: 48 (1993-94 publ. 1995)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites bazardzicus (Šourková) Chrtek; Novit. Bot. Univ. Carol. 8: 49 (1993-1994 publ. 1995)

species :

Silene beguinotii Vals.; Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 30: 462 (1994-95 publ. 1995)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

species :

Silene behboudiana Rech.f. & Esfand.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 351 (1951)

subspecies :

subsp. behboudiana

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene goniocaula subsp. behboudiana (Rech.f. & Esfand.) Ghaz.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(1): 104 (1983)

= Silene gynodioica subsp. peduncularis (Fenzl ex Boiss.) Melzh.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 163: 422 (1988)

= Silene nodulosa var. peduncularis Fenzl ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 616 (1867)

= Silene nodulosa var. shiraziana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 91 (1849)

subspecies :

subsp. glandulosa (Melzh.) Assadi; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 168: 775 (2023)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran

32 TKM 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene gynodioica subsp. glandulosa Melzh.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 163: 423 (1988)

species :

Silene behen L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 418 (1753)

Name: Haarloses Leimkraut (DE); Hairless Catchfly (EN); Conejera cascabelilla (ES)

Distribution: S-Spain; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Greece (widespread C-Greece, E-Peloponnisos, Kiklades, Sporades, Thasos, Samothraki); Crete; European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Morocco; Algeria; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)

12 SAR SPA 13 GRC ITA KRI MLT PEL PTL SIC 14 MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR 21 CNY MDR 34 CYP EAI ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Oberna, behen agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Behenantha behen (L.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 12: 198 (1975)

= Ebraxis behen (L.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 103 (2001)

= Heliosperma carpaticum (Zapał.) Klokov; Fl. URSR 4: 578 (1952)

= Ixoca carpatica (Zapał.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 62 (1984)

= Lychnis behen (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 305 (1771)

= Oberna behen (L.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 119 (1976)

= Oberna behen subsp. carpatica (Zapał.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 87(3): 128 (2002)

= Oberna behen var. carpatica (Zapał.) Fedor.; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 57(1): 26 (2000)

= Oberna carpatica (Zapał.) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 166 (1981)

= Silene ambigua Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 302 (1796)

= Silene ignobilis Lowe; Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 6: 549 (1838)

= Silene latifolia (Mill.) Britton & Rendle; J. Bot. 45: 100 (1907) (non Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 165 (1789))

variant :

var. minor Boiss.

Distribution: Greece (Kiklades); East Aegaean Isl.

13 GRC 34 EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene pseudobehen Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 36 (1846)

species :

Silene bellidifolia Juss. ex Jacq.; Hort. Bot. Vindob. 2: 44 (1777)

Name: Gänseblümchen-Leimkraut (DE), Daisy-leaved Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; European Turkey; W-Greece (Epirus, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., W-Peloponnisos); Crete (W- & C-Crete); Algeria; Tunisia

11 ger 12 BAL COR POR SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT SIC SRB TUE 20 ALG TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Corone vespertina Hoffmanns. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 422 (1841)

= Lychnisilene rosea (Graebn.) Meusel & K.Werner; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.], ed. 2, 3(2): 1157 (1979)

= Silene bipartita Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1849(Adv. Bot.): [2] (1851), nom. inval.

= Silene colorata proles distachya (Brot.) Samp.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Oporto) 10: 18 (1906)

= Silene colorata subsp. distachya (Brot.) Samp.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Oporto) 10: 18 (1906)

= Silene durieui Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (2)

= Silene hirsuta Poir.; Voy. Barbarie 2: 163 (1789)

= Silene hispida Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 348 (1798)

= Silene lusitanica Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1(2): 290 (1809) non L.

= Silene procumbens Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (7)

= Silene rosea Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (2)

= Silene sabuletorum Duby; Bot. Gall., ed. 2, 2: 1025 (1830), nom. illeg.

= Silene sericea var. distachya (Brot.) F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 72 (1896)

= Silene suavis Schrad.; Index Sem. (Göttingen) 1835: 6 (1835)

= Silene vespertina Retz.; Observ. Bot. [Retzius] 3: 31 (1784)

= Silene vespertina var. parviflora Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1849(Adv. Bot.): [2] (1851)

species :

Silene bellidioides Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 1: 125 (1860)

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]

27 LES SAF SWZ

Remarks: sometimes included in S. undulata

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium bellidioides (Sond.) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 247 (1869)

= Silene bellidifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 33 (1835), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene bernardina S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 82 (1889)

subspecies :

subsp. bernardina

Name: Palmer´s catchfly

Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene montana subsp. bernardina (S.Watson) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 30 (1947)

= Silene montana var. viscida L.F.Hend.; Rhodora 32: 25 (1930)

= Silene occidentalis var. nancta Jeps.; Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 1: 507 (1915)

= Silene shockleyi S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 127 (1890)

subspecies :

subsp. maguirei Bocquet; Candollea 20: 49 (1965)

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

variant :

var. rigidula (B.L.Rob.) Tiehm; Brittonia 37(4): 346 (1985)

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene montana var. rigidula B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 140 (1893)

variant :

var. sierrae (C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire) Bocquet; Candollea 20: 50 (1965)

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene montana var. sierrae C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 30 (1947)

species :

Silene bersieri Bocquet; Candollea 22: 34 (1967)

Distribution: Argentina (Jujuy, Salta)

85 ARG

species :

Silene berthelotiana Webb ex Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 100 (1888)

Name: Berthelots Leimkraut (DE); Canutillo de Berthelot (ES)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife, ?Hierro)

21 CNY

species :

Silene betpakdalensis Bajtenov; Fl. Kazakhst. 3: 382, 434 (1960)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

species :

Silene biafrae Hook.f.; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 183 (1864)

Distribution: W-Cameroon

23 CMN

Conservation Status: IUCN VU (Cameroon)

species :

Silene biappendiculata Ehrenb. ex Rohrb.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 25: 82 (1867)

Distribution: Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai)

20 EGY LBY 34 SIN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene canopica Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 596 (1867) (non Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 406 (1825))

= Silene nudicaulis Ehrenb. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 105 (1869)

= Silene oliveriana Boiss. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 105 (1869)

= Silene ptolemaica Ehrenb. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 105 (1869)

species :

Silene bilgilii E.Doğan & H.Duman; Phytotaxa 246(4): 294 (2016)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene bilingua W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(55): 220-221 (1919)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium bilinguum (W.W.Sm.) Pax & K.Hoffm.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 343 (1934)

species :

Silene birandiana Ekim; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 42: 85 (1984)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene birgittae Bocquet; Candollea 22: 17 (1967)

Distribution: Bhutan

40 BHU

species :

Silene bitlisensis Tugay & Ertuğrul; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 156(3): 463 (2008)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene blepharicalyx Lidén; Edinburgh J. Bot. 80-367: 18 (2023)

Distribution: Nepal; NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal)

40 IND NEP

species :

Silene bobrovii Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 679, 889 (1936)

Distribution: Uzbekistan

32 UZB

species :

Silene bocquetiana Yıld. & Kiliç; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 26(2): 65 (2019)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene bolanderi A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 830 (1868)

Name: Bolander´s silene

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium bolanderi (A.Gray) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 232 (1869)

= Silene hookeri subsp. bolanderi (A.Gray) Abrams; Ill. Fl. Pacific States 2: 162 (1944)

species :

Silene bolanthoides Quézel, Contandr. & Pamukç.; Candollea 25: 356 (1970)

Distribution: Turkey (WN-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene borderei Jord.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 12: 445 (1866)

Distribution: NE-Spain (Pyrénées); SW-France

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene ciliata subsp. borderei (Jord.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 2: 31 (1913)

species :

Silene boryi Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 19 (1838)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Morocco

12 POR SPA 20 MOR

Remarks: vallesia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Saponaria saxatilis Bory; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 3: 13 (1820)

= Silene boryi proles duriensis (Samp.) Samp.; Man. Fl. Port. 301 (1911)

= Silene boryi subsp. barduliensis Romo; Folia Bot. Misc. 3: 59 (1982)

= Silene boryi subsp. duriensis (Samp.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 220 (1913)

= Silene boryi subsp. penyalarensis (Pau) Rivas Mart.; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 21: 214 (1963)

= Silene boryi subsp. tejedensis (Boiss.) Rivas Mart.; Publ. Inst. Biol. Aplicada 42: 114 (1967)

= Silene boryi var. atlantica Maire; [nom. inval.]

= Silene boryi var. duriensis Samp.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Oporto) 7: 112 (1901)

= Silene boryi var. latifolia (Cuatrec.) Romo; Folia Bot. Misc. 3: 61 (1982)

= Silene boryi var. longifolia Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 8: 115 (1909)

= Silene boryi var. ouensae Coss. ex Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 141 (1963)

= Silene boryi var. penyalarensis Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 11: 41 (1912)

= Silene boryi var. ramburiana (Webb) Pau; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 8: 115 (1909)

= Silene boryi var. tejedensis (Boiss.) Rohrb.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 8: 373 (1867)

= Silene boryi var. thalackeri Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 8: 115 (1909)

= Silene duriensis (Samp.) Samp.; Ann. Sci. Acad. Polytecn. Porto 14: 151 (1921)

= Silene longiflora Bory; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 3: 14 (1820), nom. illeg.

= Silene ouensae Coss.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 55 (1875) nomen

= Silene ramburiana Webb; Iter Hispan. [Webb] 64 (1838)

= Silene tejedensis Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 20 (1838)

= Silene tuba Ehrenb. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 130 (1869), nom. inval.

species :

Silene borysthenica (Gruner) Walters; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 69: 47 (1964)

Distribution: Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Serbia; ?North Macedonia; ?Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; China (N-Xinjiang); Mongolia

11 HUN POL SLO 13 BUL ROM SRB 14 BLR KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 NCS 36 CHI 37 MON

Remarks: otites agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus parviflorus Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 7: 143 (1792), nom. illeg.

= Otites borysthenicus (Gruner) Klokov; Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 5(1): 22 (1948)

= Otites borysthenicus subsp. parviflorus (Hornem.) Holub

= Otites parviflorus (Hornem.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 346 (1868)

= Silene borysthenica subsp. parviflora (Hornem.) Šourková; Preslia 49(1): 12 (1977)

= Silene ehrhartiana Soó; Bot. Közlem. 49: 163 (1961), nom. inval.

= Silene otites subsp. parviflora (Hornem.) Schmalh.; Flor. Sredn. Yuzhn. Rossii [Schmalhausen] 1: 143 (1895)

= Silene otites var. borysthenica Gruner; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(2): 126 (1868)

= Silene parviflora (Ehrh.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 497 (1805) (non Moench, Methodus [Moench] 708 (1794))

= Viscago parviflora Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 411 (1813)

species :

Silene bourgaei Webb ex Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 100 (1887)

Name: Bourgeaus Leimkraut (DE); Canutillo gomero (ES)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (La Gomera)

21 CNY

species :

Silene boyd-klineana Halda, P.Gustafson & Vostrák; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 2 (2005)

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Silene brahuica Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 615 (1867)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (E-Iran, S-Iran, SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghazni, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Takhar); Pakistan (Baluchistan)

32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene brahuica subsp. megacalyx Kamelin; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 58(5): 628 (1973)

species :

Silene breviauriculata Ghaz.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(1): 99 (1983)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Kabul, Laghman, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar)

34 AFG

species :

Silene brevicalyx Hartvig & Strid; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 108: 323, f. 12 A-D (1987)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene brevicaulis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 34 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene antitaurica Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 273 (1957)

= Silene brevicaulis var. latifolia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 623 (1867)

species :

Silene brevistaminea Gilli; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 59: 175 (1956)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan, Parwan)

34 AFG

species :

Silene bridgesii Rohrb.; Index Sem. (Berlin) App. 2: 5 (1867)

Name: Bridges´ catchfly

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe bridgesii (Rohrb.) Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 15(2): 200 (1869)

= Silene engelmannii Rohrb.; Index Sem. (Berlin) 1867(App. 2): 5 (1867)

= Silene engelmannii var. behrii Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 264 (1870)

= Silene incompta A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 330 (1868)

= Silene longistylis Engelm. ex S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 469 (1887)

= Silene multicaulis Durand; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 3: 83 (1855), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene bucharica Popov; Descr. Pl. Nov. Turkestan. [Korovin, Kultiasow & Popov] 43 (1916)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 TZK UZB

species :

Silene bungei Bocquet; Candollea 22(1): 15-16 (1967), nom. nov.

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia; Pakistan (Swat)

30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ UZB 36 CHI 37 MON 40 PAK

Remarks: Subgen. Gastrolychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis tristis (Bunge) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 161 (1981), isonym

= Gastrolychnis tristis (Bunge) Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 7: 31 (1845)

= Gastrolychnis uniflora (Ledeb.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(11): 101 (2000)

= Lychnis apetala var. uniflora (Ledeb.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 572 (1862)

= Lychnis tristis Bunge; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 2: 184-185 (1830) (not Salisbury (1796))

= Lychnis uniflora Ledeb.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 5: 536 (1815)

= Melandrium preslii Czerw. & Warsz.; Index Sem. (Cracow) 1864: 11 (1865), nom. superfl.

= Melandrium triste (Bunge) Fenzl; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 326 (1842)

= Wahlbergella tristis (Bunge) Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 386 (1889)

species :

Silene bupleuroides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 421 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. bupleuroides

Name: Hasenohr-Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Serbia; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece; C-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Turkmenistan; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

11 aut CZE ger HUN SLO 13 ALB BUL GRC NMA ROM SRB 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 32 TKM 33 ARM 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene involuta Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 210 (1775)

= Silene juncea Roth; Catal. Bot. 1: 54 (1797)

= Silene longiflora Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 7: 144 (1792)

= Silene longiflora var. alpigena Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 639 (1867)

= Silene makmeliana Boiss. & Buhse; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 639 (1867), nom. illeg.

= Silene mariae Klokov; Fl. URSR 4: 657 (1952)

= Silene megalocalyx Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 82 (1895)

= Silene montifuga Klokov; Fl. URSR 4: 656 (1952)

= Silene odessana Klokov; Fl. URSR 4: 657 (1952)

= Silene pallida Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 12 (1853)

= Silene ucrainica Klokov; Fl. URSR 4: 656 (1952)

= Silene urumovii Jáv.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 17: 69 (1918 publ. 1919)

= Silene viscariifolia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 30 (1843)

subspecies :

subsp. ramosa Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 255 (1957)

Distribution: Turkmenistan

32 TKM

subspecies :

subsp. solenocalyx (Boiss. & A.Huet) Melzh.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 163: 399 (1988)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene bupleuroides var. solenocalyx Boiss. & A.Huet; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 5: 57 (1856)

= Silene caramanica var. solenocalyx (Boiss. & A.Huet) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 642 (1867)

subspecies :

subsp. staticifolia (Sm.) Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 255 (1957)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of N-, C-Greece, Peloponnisos, Evvoia); Turkey

13 ALB BUL GRC KOS NMA SRB 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene longiflora subsp. staticifolia (Sm.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 281 (1924)

= Silene othryana Formánek; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 15: 198 (1897)

= Silene regis-ferdinandii Degen & Urum.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 11: 2 (1912)

= Silene staticifolia Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 301 (1809)

species :

Silene burchellii Otth ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 374 (1824)

subspecies :

subsp. burchellii

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene cernua Bartl.; Linnaea 7: 623 (1832)

= Silene crassifolia Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 81 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Silene piloselloides G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 404 (1831)

= Silene thunbergiana Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 32 (1835)

subspecies :

subsp. modesta J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 42(2): 170 (2012)

Distribution: Egypt (SE-Egypt); SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (E-Cape Prov., Northern Province, North-West Province, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen)

20 EGY 23 ZAI 24 ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 LES SAF SWZ 35 OMA SAU YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene acuta E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 222 (1843), nom. inval.

= Silene burchellii var. latifolia Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 1: 128 (1860)

= Silene burchellii var. macropetala Turrill; Kew Bull. [9]: 57 (1954)

= Silene burchellii var. macrorrhiza R.E.Fr.; Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhodesia-Kongo-Exped. 1911-1912 1: 37 (1914)

= Silene burchellii var. maschonica Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 382 (1912)

= Silene burchellii var. meruensis (Engl.) Weim.; Bot. Not. 1934: 91 (1934)

= Silene meruensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 382 (1912)

subspecies :

subsp. multiflora J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 42(2): 172 (2012)

Distribution: Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]

26 MOZ 27 SAF SWZ

subspecies :

subsp. pilosellifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 42(2): 169 (2012)

Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]

27 LES NAM SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene burchellii var. angustifolia Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 1: 128 (1860)

= Silene burchellii var. cernua Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 121 (1868), nom. superfl.

= Silene burchellii var. pilosellifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 1: 128 (1860)

= Silene dinteri Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 383 (1912)

= Silene pilosellifolia Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 1: 41 (1826)

species :

Silene burmanica Collett & Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 28: 23 (1891)

Distribution: Myanmar; N-Thailand

41 MYA THA

species :

Silene caesarea Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 31 (1859)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene idrisiaca Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 89: 114 (1936)

species :

Silene caesia Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 294 (1809)

Distribution: Albania; Greece (mountains of NW-, C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos, Mt. Taygetos)

13 ALB GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Oberna

Synonyms: hidden

= Oberna caesia (Sm.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. Bohemoslov. 12: 427 (1977)

= Silene caesia var. pindica Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 159 (1900)

species :

Silene caespitella F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 403 (1909)

Distribution: China (SE-Qinghai, SW-Sichuan, W-Sichuan); SE-Tibet; S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium neocaespitosum Tsui; Fl. Xizang. 1: 720, f. 232, 10-14 (1983)

= Melandrium xainzaense L.H.Zhou; Fl. Xizang. 1: 718, f. 229, 4-6 (1983)

= Silene maheshwarii Bocquet; Candollea 22(1): 4-5 (1967)

species :

Silene calabra Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp.; Bocconea 5: 517 (1997)

Distribution: S-Italy

13 ITA

species :

Silene cambessedesii Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 18 (1852)

Distribution: Spain (Castellon); Baleares (Ibiza)

12 BAL SPA

Remarks: littorea agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene adscendens var. nana (Cambess.) Pau; Brotéria 3: 174 (1934)

= Silene littorea subsp. nana (Cambess.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 2: 733 (1990)

= Silene littorea var. cambessedesii (Boiss. & Reut.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 96 (1878)

= Silene littorea var. nana (Cambess.) Knoche; Fl. Baléar. 1: 471 (1921)

= Silene villosa var. nana Cambess.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 14: 221 (1827)

species :

Silene campanula Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 500 (1805)

Name: Schmalblättriges Leimkraut

Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy (SW-Alps)

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus alpestris All.; Auct. Fl. Pedem. 28 (1789)

species :

Silene canariensis Willd. ex Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. [Sprengel] 3: 60 (1822)

Distribution: +Canary Isl. (+Gran Canaria)

21 CNY

Remarks: status uncertain, probably extinct

species :

Silene cancellata (Jacquem. ex Edgew. & Hook.f.) Majumdar; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42: 650 (1964)

Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis cancellata Jacquem. ex Edgew. & Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1(2): 226 (1874)

species :

Silene capillipes Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 5: 55 (1856)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene capitata Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 18(6): 440 (1901)

Distribution: China (Jilin); North Korea; South Korea

36 CHI 38 KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium capitatum (Kom.) T.Mori; Enum. Pl. Corea 145 (1922)

species :

Silene capitellata Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 25 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)

34 SYR TUR

species :

Silene cappadocica Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 86 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran)

34 IRN TUR

Remarks: spergulifolia agg. Often included in S. argentea

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene bupleuroides Heldr. ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 90 (1846) non L.

species :

Silene caramanica Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 90 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene porteri Post ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 104 (1888)

variant :

var. ilarslanii Aytaç & Dural; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 41(3): 219 (2004)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

variant :

var. idaea (Hausskn.) Yıldız & Çirpici; Türk. Bitkileri List. 356 (2012)

Distribution: Turkey (WN-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene idaea Hausskn.; Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena 5: 49 (1893)

= Silene sipylea O.Schwarz; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 80 (1934)

= Silene sipylea var. idaea (Hausskn.) Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 89(1): 116 (1936)

species :

Silene cardiopetala Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 419 (1886)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium cardiopetalum (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 204 (1929)

= Silene cardiopetala var. verticillata C.Y.Wu; Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 1: 430 (1993), anglice, without type

species :

Silene cariensis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 40 (1843)

subspecies :

subsp. cariensis

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. muglae Vural & Dönmez; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 39(2): 157 (2002)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene rhadinocalyx Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 8 (1886)

species :

Silene caroli-henrici Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 150: 310 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene caroliniana Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 142 (1788)

subspecies :

subsp. caroliniana

Name: Sticky catchfly

Distribution: USA (Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia)

75 USA 78 USA

subspecies :

subsp. pensylvanica (Michx.) R.T.Clausen; Rhodora 41: 580 (1939)

Name: Pennsylvania catchfly

Distribution: USA (Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)

75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium pensylvanicum (Michx.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 232 (1869)

= Silene caroliniana var. pensylvanica (Michx.) Fernald; Rhodora 42: 260 (1940)

= Silene cheiranthoides Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 7: 176 (1806)

= Silene incarnata G.Lodd.; Bot. Cab. 1: t. 41 (1817)

= Silene pensylvanica Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 272 (1803)

= Silene platypetala Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 383 (1824)

= Silene rubicunda A.Dietr.; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 3: 195 (1835)

subspecies :

subsp. wherryi (Small) R.T.Clausen; Rhodora 41: 582 (1939)

Name: Wherry´s catchfly

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Ohio, Virginia)

74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene caroliniana var. wherryi (Small) Fernald; Rhodora 42: 260 (1940)

= Silene wherryi Small; Torreya 26: 66 (1926)

species :

Silene cartilaginea Hub.-Mor.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 28: 1 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene caryophylloides (Poir.) Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 369 (1824)

subspecies :

subsp. caryophylloides

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus caryophylloides Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 416 (1812) (basio´n.)

subspecies :

subsp. binbogaensis H.Duman & Vural; Turk. J. Bot. 19(4): 478 (1995)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. echinus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 6 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene echinus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 5: 56 (1856)

= Silene subulata Heldr. ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 5: 56 (1856), nom. inval.

subspecies :

subsp. eglandulosa (Chowdhuri) Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 6 (1967)

Distribution: Crimea; Turkey

14 KRY 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene masmenaea var. eglandulosa Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 270 (1957)

subspecies :

subsp. masmenaea (Boiss.) Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 6 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene masmenaea Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 5: 57 (1856)

subspecies :

subsp. stentoria (Fenzl) Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 6 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey; Iraq (NE-Iraq); Lebanon (C-Lebanon)

34 IRQ LEB TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene caryophylloides subsp. subulata (Boiss.) Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 6 (1967)

= Silene caryophylloides var. nardifolia Boiss. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 127 (1868)

= Silene nardifolia Boiss. & A.Huet; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 5: 56 (1856)

= Silene stentoria Fenzl; Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr. 9 (1842)

species :

Silene cashmeriana (Royle ex Benth.) Majumdar; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42: 649 (1964)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Pakistan (Swat, Hazara, Murree, Azad Kashmir); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Poonch)

36 TIB 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis cashmeriana Royle ex Benth.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 80 (1834)

= Melandrium cashmerianum (Royle ex Benth.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 280 (1842)

= Melandrium dingriense Tsui & P.Ke ex L.H.Zhou; Fl. Xizang. 1: 716, f. 227, 1-4 (1983)

= Silene indica var. cashmeriana (Royle ex Benth.) Y.J.Nasir; Fl. Pakistan 175: 71 (1986)

species :

Silene catholica (L.) W.T.Aiton; Hort. Kew., ed. 2 [W.T.Aiton] 3: 85 (1811)

Distribution: Italy; Croatia

13 CRO ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus catholicus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 415 (1753)

= Cucubalus glutinosus Retz.; Observ. Bot. [Retzius] 2: 18 (1781)

= Silene glutinosa (Retz.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 498 (1805)

= Silene mussinii Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 415 (1813)

= Viscago catholica (L.) Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 410 (1813)

= Viscago fusca Moench; Methodus [Moench] 704 (1794)

species :

Silene cattariniana Ferrarini & Cecchi; Webbia 56(2): 252 (2001)

Distribution: C-Italy (Apennines)

13 ITA

Remarks: vallesia agg.

species :

Silene caucasica (Bunge) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 622 (1867)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia)

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene vallesia var. caucasica Bunge; Index Sem. Hort. Dorpat. 7 (1837)

= Silene tatjanae Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 668 (1936), rossice, et Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 179 (1937), latine

species :

Silene caudata Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 566, 663 (1968)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

species :

Silene cephallenia Heldr.; Fl. Céphalonie 26 (1883)

subspecies :

subsp. cephallenia

Distribution: W-Greece (Kefalonia, Lefkada)

13 GRC

Remarks: sect. Saxifragoideae

subspecies :

subsp. epirotica Melzh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 98: 51 (1977)

Distribution: Albania; NW-Greece (Epirus, Kerkyra)

13 ALB GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene linifolia var. glandulosa Bald.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 617 (1896)

species :

Silene cespitosa Steven; Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 3: 262 (1812)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Silene chaetodonta Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 39 (1843)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., W-Iran); Afghanistan (Balkh, Farah, Faryab, Herat, Kandahar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Samangan); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); NW-Pakistan

32 TKM UZB 34 AFG IRN IRQ SYR TUR 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene chaetodonta var. pittodes Bienert ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 606 (1867)

= Silene debilis Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 14 (1886)

species :

Silene chaetodontoidea Parsa; Fl. Iran [Parsa] 8: 241, 285 (1960)

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene chalcedonica (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 5: 96 (1901)

Name: Scharlach-Lichtnelke, Brennende Liebe (DE), Maltese-Cross (EN)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I]); Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Estonia [I]; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Khabarovsk); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang, Gansu); Taiwan [I]; Vietnam [I]; Java [I]; Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Maine [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], Vermont [I], Wisconsin [I])

10 grb ire 11 ger slo 14 BLR est RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 36 CHI 38 tai 41 vie 42 jaw 50 aus 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Lychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma chalcedonica (L.) Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 643 (1843)

= Lychnis bicolor Czerw. & L.Schwarz; Index Sem. (Cracow) 1875: 14 (1876), nom. superfl.

= Lychnis chalcedonica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 436 (1753)

= Lychnis fulgida Moench; Methodus [Moench] 709 (1794), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene chamarensis Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 578 (1842)

Distribution: C-European Russia (Ural); N-European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Magadan); Mongolia

14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus striatus Willd. ex Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 777 (1843)

= Cucubalus strictus Willd. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 306 (1842), nom. inval.

= Gastrolychnis pauciflora (Ledeb.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(11): 100 (2000)

= Lychnis apetala Turcz. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 81 (1841), nom. inval.

= Lychnis pauciflora Ledeb.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 5: 537 (1815)

= Melandrium pauciflorum (Ledeb.) Ostenf.; Meddel. Grønland 64: 173 (1923)

= Saponaria alpina Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. [Pallas] 3: 34 (1776)

= Saponaria lutea Pall. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 306 (1842), nom. inval.

= Silene chamarensis subsp. paucifolia (Ledeb.) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66: 949 (1981)

= Silene chamarensis subsp. udocanica (Peschkova) N.V.Vlassova; Rast. Mir Aziatsk. Rossii 3(31): 40 (2018)

= Silene chamarensis var. udocanica Peschkova; Fl. Centr. Sibiri 1: 325 (1979)

= Silene graminifolia lusus multiflora Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 551 (1862)

= Silene graminifolia var. chamarensis (Turcz.) Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 65 (1858)

= Silene graminifolia var. paucifolia (Ledeb.) Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 66 (1858)

= Silene paucifolia Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 306 (1842)

= Silene tenuis subsp. chamarensis (Turcz.) Kozhevn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22: 110 (1985)

= Silene tenuis subsp. paucifolia (Ledeb.) Kozhevn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22: 110 (1985)

= Wahlbergella pauciflora (Ledeb.) Steffen; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 44(2): 301 (1928)

species :

Silene chersonensis (Zapał.) Kleopow; Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 9: 9 (1929)

Distribution: Romania; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea

13 ROM 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites artemisetorum Klokov; Fl. URSR 4: 657 (1952)

= Otites chersonensis (Zapał.) Klokov; Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 5(1): 25 (1948)

= Otites moldavicus Klokov; Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 5(1): 24 (1948)

= Silene artemisetorum (Klokov) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 169 (1981)

= Silene chersonensis subsp. littoralis Kleopow

= Silene densiflora var. chersonensis Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): p. ? (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene moldavica (Klokov) Šourková; Preslia 49(1): 12 (1977)

species :

Silene chihuahuensis Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 190 (1937)

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)

79 MEX

species :

Silene chilensis (Naudin) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 36 (1967)

Distribution: Ecuador; Bolivia (La Paz, Potosí); Argentina (Chubut, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz); Chile (Coquimbo, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos, Magallanes)

83 BOL ECU 85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis chilensis Naudin; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 1: 256 (1846)

= Lychnis terminalis Gay; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 1: 255 (1846)

= Melandrium andicola var. nubigenum Reiche; Anales Univ. Chile 91: 326 (1895)

= Melandrium chilense (Naudin) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 222 (1869 publ. 1870)

= Melandrium koslowskii Dusén; Ark. Bot. 7(2): 18 (1907)

= Melandrium terminale (Gay) Reiche & Johow; Fl. Chile [Reiche] 1: 177 (1895)

= Silene nubigena Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 21: 378 (1862)

species :

Silene chirensis A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 44 (1847)

Distribution: SE-Egypt; Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; Oman; N-Yemen

20 EGY 24 ERI ETH SOM SUD 35 OMA SAU UAE YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene arabica F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 66 (1896), nom. illeg., non Boiss.

= Silene brachystachys Webb; Fragm. Fl. Aethiop.-aegypt. 34 (1854)

= Silene burchellii var. schweinfurthii (Rohrb.) Täckh. & Boulos; Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 16 (1972 publ. 1974)

= Silene chirensis var. macropetala Schweinf.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(App. 2): 173 (1896)

= Silene chirensis var. schweinfurthii (Rohrb.) Schweinf.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(App. 2): 173 (1896)

= Silene hochstetteri Rohrb.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 25: 81 (1867)

= Silene schimperiana Hochst. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 120 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene schweinfurthii Rohrb.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 25: 82 (1867)

species :

Silene chlorantha (Willd.) Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 7: 144 (1792)

Name: Grünblütiges Leimkraut (DE), Yellowgreen catchfly (EN)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, +Sachsen); Poland; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; USA [I] (Indiana [I])

11 GER POL 13 BUL KOS ROM SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 NCS 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus chloranthus Willd.; Fl. Berol. Prodr. 155 (1787)

= Silene chlorantha f. copiosa Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 141 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene chlorantha f. latior Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 141 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene chlorantha f. occidentalis Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 141 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene chlorantha f. pauciflora Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 142 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene chlorantha var. mohileviensis Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 142 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene elata Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 370 (1824)

= Silene subspathulata Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 102 (1866)

= Viscago chlorantha (Willd.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 704 (1794)

species :

Silene chlorifolia Sm.; Pl. Icon. Ined. 13 (1789)

Name: Blaugrünes Leimkraut (DE); Bluish Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: European Turkey; NW-Greece (Mt. Smolikas); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; +East Aegaean Isl. (+Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon)

13 GRC TUE 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 EAI IRN IRQ LEB TUR

Remarks: chlorifolia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene chlorifolia f. macrocalyx Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 28: 144 (1911)

= Silene dianthoides K.F.Schimp. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 178 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene perfoliata Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 384 (1824)

= Silene smithii J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 714 (1791), nom. nov. superfl.

species :

Silene chloropetala Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 15(2): 195 (1869)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Silene chodatii Bocquet; Candollea 22: 18 (1967)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

variant :

var. pygmaea Bocquet; Candollea 22: 19 (1967)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene graminoidea C.Y.Wu & C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4(2): 145-146, f. 1, 1-5 (1982)

species :

Silene choulettii Coss.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 9: 169 (1862)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

species :

Silene christodouloui-zarkosii Kit Tan & G.Vold; Phytol. Balcan. 24(2): 263-292 (2018)

Distribution: S-Greece (N-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

species :

Silene chubutensis (Speg.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 37 (1967)

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Santa Cruz); Chile (Aisén)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis chubutensis Speg.; Revista Fac. Agron. Univ. Nac. La Plata 596 (1897)

= Melandrium chubutense (Speg.) Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 2, 7: 240 (1902)

species :

Silene chungtienensis W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(55): 221-222 (1919)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); Myanmar

36 CHI 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium chungtienense (W.W.Sm.) Pax & K.Hoffm.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 343 (1934)

= Silene flavovirens C.Y.Wu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 146-147, f. 2 (1982)

species :

Silene ciliata Pourr.; Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse 3: 329 (1788)

subspecies :

subsp. ciliata

Distribution: Spain; Andorra; S-France

12 ADO FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Oncerum ciliatum (Pourr.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 256 (1867)

= Silene biflora Willd. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 124 (1869)

= Silene campanula Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 248 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Silene ciliata subsp. geniculata (Pourr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 92 (1878)

= Silene ciliata var. angustifolia Willk.; Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov., t. 42 (1856)

= Silene ciliata var. geniculata (Pourr.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 5: 756 (1805)

= Silene ciliata var. hispanica Amo; Fl. Fan. Peníns. Ibérica 6: 196 (1878)

= Silene ciliata var. pyrenaica Amo; Fl. Fan. Peníns. Ibérica 6: 196 (1878), nom. illeg.

= Silene geniculata Pourr.; Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse 3: 328 (1788)

= Silene pourretii Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 5: 151 (1817), nom. nov. superfl.

= Silene stellata Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 1: 245 (1813), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. arvatica (Lag.) Rivas Mart.; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 21: 214 (1963)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: ciliata agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene arvatica Lag.; Varied. Ci. 2(4): 212 (1805)

= Silene arvatica var. intermedia Caball.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 5: 512 (1945)

= Silene ciliata proles elegans (Link ex Brot.) Samp.; Man. Fl. Port. 301 (1911)

= Silene ciliata subsp. elegans (Link ex Brot.) Rivas Mart.; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 36: 308 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Silene ciliata var. arvatica (Lag.) Pau; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 8: 51 (1908)

= Silene ciliata var. elegans (Link ex Brot.) Pau & Merino; Fl. Galicia [Merino] 1: 207 (1905)

= Silene elegans Link ex Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 2: 185 (1804)

= Silene punctata Bubani ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 92 (1878), nom. inval.

subspecies :

subsp. graefferi (Guss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 92 (1878)

Distribution: Italy; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; N-Greece (mountains, incl. Mt. Olimbos)

13 ALB BUL GRC ITA KOS NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene graefferi Guss.; Index Sem. (Boccadifalco) 1825: 11 (1825)

= Silene perinica Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 334 (1924)

= Silene roeseri Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 1: 77 (1854)

species :

Silene cinerea Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 355 (1798)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

species :

Silene cintrana Rothm.; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 13: 275 (1939)

Distribution: WC-Portugal

12 POR

Remarks: italica agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene longicilia subsp. cintrana (Rothm.) Jeanm.; Willdenowia 14: 46 (1984)

= Silene hifacensis subsp. cintrana (Rothm.) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 110(89 Sess. Extr.): 129 (1966)

species :

Silene circumcarmanica F.Jafari, Gholipour, Mirtadz. & Pourmirzaei; Phytotaxa 425(1): 39 (2019)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Silene cirpicii K.Yıldız & Dadandı; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 46: 464 (2009)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene cirtensis Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 328 (1875)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene cinerea var. cirtensis (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 131 (1888)

species :

Silene citrina Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 101 (1888)

Distribution: Afghanistan; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Swat, Chitral)

34 AFG 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis cabulica Aitch.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 153 (1882)

species :

Silene claryi Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: LXVIII (1910)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

species :

Silene claviformis Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 3: 99 (1907)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Badghys, Balkh, Bamyan, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghorat, Herat, Kabul, Logar, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Parwan)

32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene heptapotamica Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 651 (1936), rossice

species :

Silene clokeyi C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 38 (1947)

Name: Clokey´s catchfly

Distribution: USA (Nevada)

76 USA

Remarks: possible synonym of S. petersonii

species :

Silene cobalticola P.A.Duvign. & Plancke; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 91: 121 (1959)

Distribution: S-D.R.Congo [Zaire]

23 ZAI

species :

Silene cognata (Maxim.) H.Ohashi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 71: 269 (1996)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO

Remarks: Subgen. Lychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis cognata f. albiflora W.Lee; Lineam. Fl. Koreae 256 (1996)

= Lychnis cognata Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 55 (1859)

= Lychnis fulgens var. cognata (Maxim.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(4): 576 (1862)

species :

Silene colorata Poir.; Voy. Barbarie 2: 163 (1789)

subspecies :

subsp. colorata

Name: Farbiges Leimkraut (DE); Dwarf Pink Star (EN); Conejera colorada (ES)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (widespread C- & S-Greece, incl. most islands, rare Athos, Thasos, NE-Greece, Samothraki, Limnos); Crete (incl. islets); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, NW-coastal Egypt); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (E-Jordania, S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Yemen (Inner Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen); Pakistan (Rawalpindi, Salt Range); India [I] (Tamil Nadu [I])

11 ger 12 GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB GRC ITA KRI MLT PEL SIC TUE 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 34 CYP EAI IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 KUW SAU YEM 40 ind PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium intrusum Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 233 (1869)

= Silene battandiereana Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 136 (1904)

= Silene bifida Retz.; Phytogr. Bl. [G.F.Hoffmann] 1: 37 (1803)

= Silene bipartita Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 352 (1798)

= Silene bipartita var. angustifolia Willk.; Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 1: 46 (1851)

= Silene bipartita var. canescens (Ten.) Soy.-Will. & Godr.; Monogr. Silene Alg. 27 (1851)

= Silene bipartita var. eriocaulon Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 597 (1867)

= Silene bipartita var. parviflora (Willk.) Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan. 4: 112 (1865)

= Silene bipartita var. spathulifolia Soy.-Will. & Godr.; Monogr. Silene Alg. 27 (1851)

= Silene bipartita var. stenophylla Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 597 (1867)

= Silene boissieri Tineo ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 115 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene canescens Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): XXV (1811)

= Silene ciliata Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 692 (1799), nom. illeg.

= Silene colorata subsp. bipartita (Desf.) Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(1): 117 (1913)

= Silene colorata subsp. canescens (Ten.) Cif. & Giacom.; Nomenclator Fl. Ital. 285 (1954) (comb. inval.)

= Silene colorata subsp. decumbens (Biv.) Holmboe; Bergens Mus. Skr., n. s. 1(2): 73 (1914)

= Silene colorata subsp. pubicalycina (Fenzl) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 115 (1963) (comb. inval.)

= Silene colorata subsp. saxicola (Rouy) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2(1): 55 (1889)

= Silene colorata var. acutifolia Pérez Lara; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 279 (1893), nomen

= Silene colorata var. angustifolia (Willk.) Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 652 (1878)

= Silene colorata var. canescens (Ten.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 225 (1932)

= Silene colorata var. decumbens (Biv.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 115 (1869)

= Silene colorata var. lanigera Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 190 (1936)

= Silene colorata var. pallida Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 37 (1931)

= Silene colorata var. parviflora (Willk.) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 652 (1878)

= Silene colorata var. spathulifolia (Soy.-Will. & Godr.) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 134 (1888)

= Silene colorata var. stenophylla (Boiss.) Dinsm.; Fl. Syria [Post], ed. 2, 1: 178 (1932)

= Silene colorata var. vulgaris Willk.; Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 1: 45 (1851)

= Silene decumbens Biv.; Sicul. Pl., Cent. 1: 75 (1806)

= Silene diffusa Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 373 (1824)

= Silene duriaei Spach ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 116 (1869)

= Silene eremophila Bien. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 594 (1867)

= Silene eriophora Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 408 (1825)

= Silene hirsuta var. sabuletorum (Link) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 648 (1878)

= Silene hispanica Jacq.; Fragm. Bot. 47 (1806)

= Silene intrusa Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. [Wight & Arnott] 1: 42 (1834)

= Silene pernoctans Link ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 408 (1825)

= Silene pilosa Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 652 (1874), nom. inval.

= Silene pteropleura Coss. ex Batt. & Trab.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 134 (1888), nom. inval.

= Silene puberula Bertol.; Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bononiensis 6: 221 (1842)

= Silene pyrenaica Pourr. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 115 (1869)

= Silene saxicola Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 29: 43 (1882)

= Silene scabriflora var. sabuletorum (Link) Samp.; Man. Fl. Port. 300 (1911)

= Silene sericea Bertol.; Amoen. Ital. 27 (1819) non All.

= Silene sericea subsp. colorata (Poir.) F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 71 (1896)

= Silene sericea var. bipartita (Desf.) Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1900: 94 (1900)

= Silene sericea var. lasiocalyx (Soy.-Will. & Godr.) C.Vicioso; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 6: 26 (1948)

= Silene sicula Ker Gawl. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 115 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene tubiflora Dufour ex Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(2): 370 (1854 publ. 1855)

= Silene vespertina var. pubicalycina Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1849: 2 (1851)

subspecies :

subsp. amphorina (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] 1: 134 (1888)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Conosilene conica subsp. amphorina (Pomel) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 50A: 374 (1971)

= Pleconax amphorina (Pomel) Šourková; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119 (4-5): 579 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Pleconax conica subsp. amphorina (Pomel) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; Lagascalia 4(1): 14 (1974)

= Silene amphorina Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 330 (1875)

subspecies :

subsp. benoistii (Maire) Sauvage; Trav. Inst. Sci. Cherifien, Ser. Bot. 22: 64 (1961)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene benoistii Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 15: 75 (1925)

= Silene colorata var. benoistii (Maire) Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 17: 20 (1928)

subspecies :

subsp. trichocalycina (Fenzl) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 117 (1963)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya

20 ALG LBY MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene bipartita var. decumbens Soy.-Will. & Godr.; Monogr. Silene Alg. 27 (1851)

= Silene bipartita var. lasiocalyx Soy.-Will. & Godr.; Monogr. Silene Alg. 26 (1851)

= Silene bipartita var. pteropleura Coss.; Pl. Algérie [Exsicc.]: no. 224 (1856)

= Silene colorata var. crassifolia (Moris) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 117 (1963)

= Silene colorata var. distachya (Brot.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 115 (1869)

= Silene colorata var. lasiocalyx (Soy.-Will. & Godr.) Ball; Spicil. Fl. Marocc. [Ball]: 358 (1877)

= Silene colorata var. monticola Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund., Ser. 2, 1(4) [Contr. Fl. Tunisie 5] 29 (1905)

= Silene colorata var. pteropleura Coss. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 116 (1869)

= Silene colorata var. villosissima Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 266 (1939)

= Silene distachya Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 2: 189 (1805)

= Silene sericea var. crassifolia Moris; Fl. Sardoa 1: 253 (1837)

= Silene vespertina var. trichocalycina Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1849(Adv. Bot.): [2] (1851)

species :

Silene commelinifolia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 35 (1843)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene commelinifolia subsp. isophylla (Bornm.) Assadi; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 168: 833 (2023)

= Silene commelinifolia var. heterophylla (Freyn) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 32(2): 264 (1914)

= Silene commelinifolia var. isophylla Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 19: 216 (1906)

= Silene commelinifolia var. ovatifolia Melzh.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 163: 461 (1988)

= Silene heterophylla Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 585 (1897)

variant :

var. ruscifolia Hub.-Mor. & Reese; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 52: 44 (1943)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene ruscifolia (Hub.-Mor. & Reese) Hub.-Mor.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 5 (1967)

species :

Silene commutata Guss.; Index Sem. (Boccadifalco) 1826: 9 (1826)

subspecies :

subsp. commutata

Name: Veränderliches Leimkraut (DE); Conejera rillabuey (ES)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mainland of N- & C-Greece, rare Peloponnisos); Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Turkey; Cyprus; Israel; Jordania

11 CZE ger SLO 12 ADO BAL FRA SPA 13 BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY 20 ALG MOR 21 CNY 33 ARM NCS 34 CYP ISR JOR TUR

Remarks: often included as subspecies in S. vulgaris

Synonyms: hidden

= Behenantha commutata (Guss.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 12: 198 (1975)

= Oberna behen subsp. commutata (Guss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Přír. 153(4): 216 (1984 publ. 1986)

= Oberna commutata (Guss.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 119 (1976)

= Silene bosniaca (Beck) Hand.-Mazz.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 55: 428 (1905)

= Silene commutata var. longifolia Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 669 (1878)

= Silene cucubalus f. rhiphaea (Pau & Font Quer) Emb. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 985 (1941)

= Silene cucubalus subsp. bosniaca (Beck) Janch.; Phyton (Horn) 8: 234 (1959)

= Silene cucubalus subsp. commutata (Guss.) Rech.f.; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105(1): 165 (1943)

= Silene cucubalus var. bosniaca Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 6: 333 (1891)

= Silene cucubalus var. commutata (Guss.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 86 (1869)

= Silene inflata subsp. bosniaca (Beck) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 3(1): 280 (1910)

= Silene inflata var. major Kotschy; Ins. Cypern [Unger & Kotschy] 348 (1865), nomen

= Silene venosa var. commutata (Guss.) Holmboe; Stud. Veg. Cyprus 72 (1914)

= Silene venosa var. rhiphaea Pau & Font Quer; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. 1927, no. 178, in sched. (1928)

= Silene vulgaris f. rhiphaea (Pau & Font Quer) Jahand. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 220 (1932)

= Silene vulgaris subsp. bosniaca (Beck) Janch. ex Greuter, Burdet & Long

= Silene vulgaris subsp. commutata (Guss.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 258 (1924)

= Silene vulgaris var. commutata (Guss.) Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 3 (1967)

subspecies :

subsp. antelopum (Vest) Guarino & Pignatti; Fl. Ital. [Pignatti] 2: 172 (2017), et Fl. Ital. [Pignatti] 4: 920 (2019)

Distribution: Italy (etc.)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Behen antelopum (Vest) E.H.L.Krause; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33(2): 469 (1915)

= Cucubalus antelopum Vest; Flora 4: 149 (1821)

= Cucubalus behen var. antelopum (Vest) Roth; Enum. Pl. Phan. Germ. 1(2): 285 (1827)

= Oberna antelopum (Vest) Šourková; Preslia 62(2): 165 (1990)

= Oberna behen subsp. antelopum (Vest) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Přír. 153(4): 216 (1984 publ. 1986)

= Silene antelopum (Vest) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 450 (1841)

= Silene vulgaris var. antelopum (Vest) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 257 (1924)

species :

Silene confertiflora Chowdhry; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 22: 264 (1957)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)

34 SYR TUR

species :

Silene congesta Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 300 (1809)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Greece (mountains of NC-, C-Greece, Peloponnisos, Evvoia, Epirus)

13 GRC NMA

Remarks: sect. Saxifragoideae

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene congesta subsp. moreana Melzh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 98: 48 (1977)

= Silene delphica Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 1: 73 (1854)

species :

Silene conglomeratica Melzh.; Willdenowia 13: 123 (1984), nom. nov.

Distribution: S-Greece (N-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

Remarks: saxifraga agg.; known from only one location

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene saxifraga var. coenobitarum Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 269 (1924)

species :

Silene conica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 418 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. conica

Name: Kegel-Leimkraut (DE); Sand Catchfly (EN); Cascabelillo (ES)

Distribution: England (England, S-Wales); Denmark [I]; Netherlands; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], +Saarland, Sachsen [I], Sachsen-Anhalt [I], Thüringen [I]); Switzerland [I]; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey); Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread mainland, in the South in mountains, Thasos, Limnos, Ionian Isl., Kerkyra); Crete (Mt. Dikti); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, ?Tenerife); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran); Afghanistan (Takhar); Syria (C-Syria); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Kuwait; Qatar [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (Delaware [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Washington [I])

10 den GRB 11 AUT CZE GER HUN LUX NET SLO swi 12 CIS FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 CNY 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ SYR TUR 35 KUW qat SAU 50 aus 51 nzl 73 usa 75 usa 78 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Pleconax, conica agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Conosilene conica (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 344 (1868)

= Cucubalus conicus (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 33 (1779)

= Lychnis conica (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 308 (1771)

= Pleconax conica (L.) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; Lagascalia 4(1): 14 (1974), isonym

= Pleconax conica (L.) Šourková; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119(4-5): 579 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Pleconax striata Raf.; Autik. Bot. 24 (1840), nom. illeg.

= Silene conica f. uniflora Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1912: 81 (1912)

= Silene conica var. australis Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 16 (1927)

= Silene conica var. gavarniensis Chouard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France (Sess. Extr.): 157 (1949)

= Silene conica var. glandulosa Caldesi; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11: 339 (1879)

= Silene conoidea Huds.; Fl. Angl. [Hudson], ed. 2, 1: 189 (1778), nom. inval.

= Silene conoidea var. conica (L.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 365 (1898)

= Silene oppositifolia S.G.Gmel. ex J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 717 (1791)

subspecies :

subsp. conomaritima Jordanov & Panov; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 3: 598 (1966)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Pleconax conica subsp. conomaritima (Jordanov & Panov) Šourková; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 110: 579 (1972)

species :

Silene coniflora Nees ex Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 371 (1824)

Name: Manynerve catchfly

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Herat, Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria); Israel (N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Jordania (E-Jordania, S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Pakistan (Khyber); USA [I] (California [I]); Mexico (Baja California [I])

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 AZE 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU 40 PAK 76 usa 79 MEX

Remarks: Subgen. Pleconax

Synonyms: hidden

= Conosilene conica subsp. coniflora (Nees ex Otth) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 50A: 374 (1971)

= Pleconax conica subsp. coniflora (Nees ex Otth) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; Lagascalia 4: 14 (1974)

= Pleconax coniflora (Nees ex Otth) Šourková; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 110: 579 (1972)

= Pleconax multinervia (Watson) Šourková; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119(4-5): 580 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Silene acarpophora Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 172 (1843)

= Silene molopica Fenzl ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 578 (1867)

= Silene multinervia S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 126 (1898)

species :

Silene conoidea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 418 (1753)

Name: Weed silene (EN); Kugel-Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Spain; +France; Italy [I]; European Turkey; Greece [I]; Belarus [I]; Morocco; Algeria; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley); Canary Isl. (Tenerife); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghorat, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Samangan, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, Negev Desert, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (E-Jordania, S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Kuwait; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); China (Xinjiang); Tibet; Mongolia; Pakistan; Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Idaho [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Oregon [I], Texas [I], Washington [I])

11 ger 12 FRA SPA 13 grc ita TUE 14 blr 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR 21 CNY 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 KUW OMA SAU UAE 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 40 IND NEP PAK 71 cdn 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Pleconax

Synonyms: hidden

= Conosilene conica subsp. conoidea (L.) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 50A: 374 (1971?)

= Conosilene conoidea (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 344 (1868)

= Cucubalus conoideus (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 27 (1779)

= Pleconax conica subsp. conoidea (L.) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; Lagascalia 4(1): 14 (1974)

= Pleconax conoidea (L.) Šourková; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119(4-5): 579 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Silene conica Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1850(Adv. Bot.): 9 (1851), nom. inval.

= Silene conica subsp. conoidea (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 43 (1894)

= Silene conica var. conoidea (L.) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 112 (1889)

= Silene cylindriflora Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 371 (1824)

= Silene graeca Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1849(Adv. Bot.): [2] (1851), nom. inval.

species :

Silene cordifolia All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 82 (1785)

Name: Herzblättriges Leimkraut

Distribution: SE-France; Italy (SW-Alps)

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe cordifolia (All.) Lazkov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 95(10): 1485 (2010)

species :

Silene corinthiaca Boiss. & Heldr.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 96 (1888)

Distribution: Greece (Attiki, Evvoia, C- & E-Peloponnisos, Kiklades: Amorgos)

13 GRC

Remarks: reinwardtii agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene anastomosans Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 15 (1816)

= Silene bicolor Friv. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 158 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene filiformis Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 376 (1824)

= Silene juncea Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 295 (1809), nom. illeg.

= Silene picta Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 498 (1805), nom. illeg.

= Silene portensis subsp. rigidula Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 190 (1982)

= Silene reticulata Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 426 (1821), nom. illeg.

= Silene rigidula f. major Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 5: 52 (1893)

= Silene rigidula Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 299 (1809) (non L., Cent. Pl. 2: 16 (1756))

= Silene syriaca Reut.; Index Sem. (Genoa) 1857: 4 (1857)

species :

Silene coronaria (L.) Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse 145 (1811) ex Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 826 (1832)

Name: Kronen-Lichtnelke, Kranz-Lichtnelke, Vexiernelke (DE), Rose Campion (EN)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I] (Guernsey [I]); Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania [I]; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (N- & C-Greece, Evvoia, Thasos); Estonia [I]; Moldova [I]; W-Ukraine [I]; Crimea; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Tajikistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh, Nachichevan); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Iran (N-Iran); China [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan (Hazara); India (Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka [I]); Java [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Louisiana [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I]); Mexico [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; S-Brazil [I]; Chile [I] (Biobío [I], Araucanía [I])

10 grb ire 11 aut cze ger hun lie pol slo swi 12 cis fra por spa 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA rom SLV SRB TUE 14 est KRY mld ukr 20 alg mor 31 rfe 32 KAZ TZK 33 AZE GEO 34 IRN TUR 36 chi 38 tai 40 IND PAK 42 jaw 50 aus 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos 82 clm 83 ecu 84 bra 85 cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma coronaria L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 436 (1753)

= Agrostemma flos-jovis Pollich; Hist. Pl. Palat. 1: 443 (1776) non L.

= Agrostemma grandiflora Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 643 (1843)

= Coronaria coriacea (Moench) Schischk. ex Gorschk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 699 (1936) (nom. illeg.)

= Coronaria coronaria (L.) Huth; Helios 11: 134 (1893), nom. inval.

= Coronaria tomentosa A.Braun; Flora 26: 368 (1843)

= Lychnis coriacea Moench; Methodus [Moench] 709 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 643 (1792)

species :

Silene corrugata Ball; J. Bot. 11: 301 (1873)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Saponaria mogadorensis Coss. ex Pit.; Explor. Sci. Maroc, Bot. 1: 14 (1912), nomen

= Silene adusta Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 360 (1877)

= Silene corrugata var. macrosperma (Coss.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 224 (1932)

= Silene corrugata var. mogadorensis (Coss. & Balansa) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 224 (1932)

= Silene corrugata var. obtusifolia (Coss.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 224 (1932)

= Silene longicaulis var. mogadorensis (Coss. & Balansa) Pau; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. 1930: no. 198 (1932)

= Silene mogadorensis Coss. & Balansa; Ill. Fl. Atlant. 1: 126, t. 80. 81 (1867)

= Silene mogadorensis var. macrosperma Coss.; Ill. Fl. Atlant. 1: 127 (1890)

= Silene mogadorensis var. obtusifolia Coss.; Ill. Fl. Atlant. 1: 127 (1890)

species :

Silene corylina D.F.Chamb. & Collen.; Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(1): 56 (1994)

Distribution: NW-Saudi Arabia

35 SAU

species :

Silene coutinhoi Rothm. & P.Silva; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 52: 279 (1943)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene italica subsp. coutinhoi (Rothm. & P.Silva) Franco; Nov. Fl. Portugal 1: 550. 143 (1971)

= Silene italica subsp. puberula (Cout.) M.Laínz; Aport. Conoc. Fl. Gallega 7: 5 (1971)

= Silene italica var. puberula Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 221 (1913)

species :

Silene crassifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 597 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. crassifolia

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene natalensis Buchinger ex Krauss; Flora 27: 292 (1844)

subspecies :

subsp. primuliflora (Eckl. & Zeyh.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 42(2): 175 (2012)

Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho

27 LES SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene primuliflora Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 32 (1835)

= Silene primuliflora var. ciliata Fenzl ex Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 1: 129 (1860)

= Silene thunbergiana Krauss ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 122 (1869) non Eckl. & Zeyh.

= Silene vlokii D.Masson; Candollea 44: 485 (1989)

species :

Silene crassipes Fenzl; Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr. 8 (1842)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Turkey (S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia

11 ger 34 ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene echinata Kotschy ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 172 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene glauca Zea ex Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 5: 153 (1817), nom. inval.

= Silene gonocalyx Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 38 (1843)

= Silene rigida Banks & Sol.; Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed. 2 [Russell]: 2: 252 (1794)

species :

Silene crassiuscula Brullo, C.Brullo, Cambria, Bacch., Giusso & Ilardi; Phytotaxa 239(1): 31 (2015)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Silene cretacea Fisch.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 405 (1825)

Distribution: C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Kazakhstan

14 RUS 32 KAZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene cretacea var. robusta Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1851: [2] (1852)

species :

Silene cretica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 420 (1753)

Name: Kretisches Leimkraut (DE); Cretan Catchfly (EN); Colleja rosada (ES)

Distribution: Germany (+Baden-Württemberg, +Bayern, Hessen [I], Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Sachsen [I]); Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Portugal; Spain; France [I]; Corsica [I]; Sardinia [I]; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Bulgaria [I]; European Turkey; Greece (widespread C- & S-Greece, incl. most islands); Crete (widespread); Canary Isl. [I] (La Gomera [I]); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (N-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains)

11 aut cze GER swi 12 cor fra POR sar SPA 13 bul cro GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA SIC slv SRB TUE 21 cny 34 CYP EAI LEB SYR TUR

Remarks: some records may belong to S. tenuiflora

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene angustifolia D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 2: 1568 (1840), nom. illeg.

= Silene annulata Thore; Essai Chloris 173 (1803)

= Silene clandestina Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1850(Adv. Bot.): 9 (1851), nom. illeg.

= Silene constantia Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1849(Adv. Bot.): [2] (1851), nom. inval.

= Silene costata Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 376 (1824)

= Silene cretica subsp. annulata (Thore) Hayek; Fl. Steiermark 1: 344 (1908)

= Silene cretica var. annulata (Thore) Rohrb.; Monogr. Saxifraga 135 (1868)

= Silene dilleniana Schott ex Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 264 (1829)

= Silene dillenii Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1850(Adv. Bot.): 7 (1851), nom. inval.

= Silene lychnidiflora Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 375 (1824)

= Silene nyctantha Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1849(Adv. Bot.): [2] (1851), nom. inval.

= Silene panormitana Parl. ex Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 4: 610 (1841)

= Silene papillosa Formánek; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 16: 21 (1898), nom. illeg.

= Silene parviflora Moench; Methodus [Moench] 708 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Silene reticulata Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1850(Adv. Bot.): 7 (1851), nom. inval.

species :

Silene crispans Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 3: 99 (1907)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts.)

32 TKM 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene guadanensis Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 3: 102 (1907)

species :

Silene crispata Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(1): 315 (1856). in textu

Distribution: European Russia; Northern Caucasus

14 RUS 33 NCS

Remarks: Subgen. Oberna

Synonyms: hidden

= Behenantha crispata (Steven) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 12: 198 (1975)

= Oberna crispata (Steven) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 120 (1976)

species :

Silene cryptoneura Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 352 (1886)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene cryptopetala Hillebr.; Fl. Hawaiian Isl. [Hillebrand] 29 (1888)

Distribution: +Hawaii (+East Maui)

63 HAW

Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Extinct

species :

Silene csereii Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 345 (1817) ex Schischk., J. Bot. Gard. Nikita, Crimea 10: Pt. 2, 38 (1928), descr. emend.

subspecies :

subsp. csereii

Name: Balkan catchfly (EN), Cserei-Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Romania; Bulgaria; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (N-Anatolia); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], Ontario [I], Quebec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], New Hampshire [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Dakota [I], Vermont [I], Washington [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I])

11 ger 13 BUL ROM 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 33 GEO NCS 34 TUR 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Oberna, csereii agg. See also other species of the aggregate which are sometimes included here

Synonyms: hidden

= Behen csereii (Baumg.) GusuI.; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 2: 131 (1953)

= Behenantha csereii (Baumg.) Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 15(2): 132 (1877)

= Oberna caliacrae (Jordanov & Panov) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. Bohemoslov. 12: 427 (1977)

= Oberna csereii (Baumg.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 120 (1976)

= Oberna schottiana (Schur) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 87(3): 129 (2002)

= Silene alexeji Kolak.; Zametki Syst. Geogr. Rast. 14: 65 (1948)

= Silene caliacrae Jordanov & Panov; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 3: 593 (1966)

= Silene conringiifolia Andrz.; Trudy Komiss. Vys. Uchr., Kiev, No. 1 (Enum. Pl. Podol.): 19 (1860)

= Silene creticola Kleopow; Zhurn. Inst. Bot. Vseukraïns´k. Akad. Nauk. 9(17): 120 (1936), nom. illeg.

= Silene csereii f. elatior (Gușul.) Váczy; Contr. Bot. Univ. ´Babeş-Bolyai´ Cluj-Napoca 1979: 364 (1979)

= Silene csereii f. pusilla (Savul. & Rayss) Váczy; Contr. Bot. Univ. ´Babeş-Bolyai´ Cluj-Napoca 1979: 364 (1979)

= Silene csereii f. tenella (Gușul.) Váczy; Contr. Bot. Univ. ´Babeş-Bolyai´ Cluj-Napoca 1979: 364 (1979)

= Silene fabaria var. csereii (Baumg.) Rohrb.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 19(9): 268 (1869)

= Silene saponariifolia Schott ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1(2): 305 (1842)

= Silene saponariifolia Schott ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 824 (1832), nom. illeg.

= Silene schottiana Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 103 (1866)

subspecies :

subsp. aeoniopsis (Bornm.) Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 269 (1957)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Oberna aeoniopsis (Bornm.) Fedor.; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 54(1): 74 (1997)

= Silene aeoniopsis Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 89: 112 (1936)

species :

Silene cuatrecasasii Pau & Font Quer; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. 1927: nr. 190 (1928) [in sched.], et Cavanillesia 4: 63 (1931), descr. ampl.

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene cuatrecasasii var. brachycarpa Font Quer; Cavanillesia 4: 64 (1931)

= Silene cuatrecasasii var. dolichocarpa Font Quer; Cavanillesia 4: 64 (1931)

species :

Silene cuspidata Pedersen; Fl. Patagonica 4a: 240 (1984)

Distribution: Argentina (Neuquén)

85 ARG

form :

f. inuncta Pedersen; Fl. Patagonica 4a: 241 (1984)

Distribution: Argentina (Neuquén)

85 ARG

species :

Silene cyrenaica Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 267 (1939)

Distribution: Libya (Cyrenaica)

20 LBY

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene colorata var. cyrenaica E.A.Durand & Barratte; Fl. Libyc. Prodr. 36 (1910)

species :

Silene cyri Schischk.; Izv. Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 77: 290 (1927)

Distribution: E-European Russia; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

14 RUS 32 KAZ TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites cyri (Schischk.) Grossh.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Azerbaidžansk. S.S.R. 2(9): 380 (1946)

= Silene turcomanica Kleopow; Zhurn. Inst. Bot. Vseukraïns´k. Akad. Nauk. 9(17): 108 (1936)

species :

Silene cythnia (Halácsy) Walters; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 69: 46 (1964)

Distribution: Greece (Kiklades: Kea, Kithnos, Serifos, Milos, Andimilos, Mikonos, Naxos, Paros, Amorgos, Sikinos, Folegandros, Thira, Anafi); East Aegaean Isl. (Psara, Ikaria)

13 GRC 34 EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene italica var. cythnia Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 184 (1900)

species :

Silene czopandagensis Bondarenko; nom. nov.

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)

32 TKM 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene turcomanica Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 603 (1936), rossice

species :

Silene daenensis Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 150: 311 (1985), nom. nov.

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon)

34 IRN LEB

Remarks: vallesia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene sefidiana (Pau) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 190 (1982)

= Silene boryi var. sefidiana Pau; Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 14: 12 (1918)

species :

Silene dagestanica Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 15(2): 194 (1869)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus (Daghestan)

33 NCS

species :

Silene damascena Boiss. & Gaill.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 34 (1859)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)

34 ISR JOR LEB

species :

Silene damboldtiana Greuter & Melzh.; Willdenowia 8: 614 (1979), nom. nov.

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; NW-Greece (mountains)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Remarks: italica agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene italica var. allchariensis Degen & Dörfl.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 64: 714 (1897)

species :

Silene danaensis Danin; Willdenowia 27(1-2): 166 (1997)

Distribution: W-Jordania

34 JOR

species :

Silene danielii Hadač; Feddes Repert. 81: 466 (1970)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Wakhan)

34 AFG

species :

Silene davidii (Franch.) Oxelman & Lidén; Novon 11: 322. 2001

Distribution: China (Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Hedona davidii (Franch.) F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 34: 433 (1899)

= Lychnis davidii Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 8: 204 (1885 publ. 1886)

= Melandrium caespitosum F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 34: 431 (1899)

= Silene caespitosa Bureau & Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 5(2): 22-23 (1891) (not Salisbury (1796, nom. illeg., included S. acaulis Linnaeus), nor S. caespitosa Steven (1812))

= Silene kantzeensis C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2: 439 (1980)

species :

Silene davidlongii Rajbh. & Mits.Suzuki; J. Jap. Bot. 82(5): 276 (2007)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Silene degeneri Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 33: 502 (1946)

Distribution: +Hawaii (+East Maui)

63 HAW

Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Extinct

species :

Silene delavayi Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 424 (1886)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis delavayi (Franch.) Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 7: 302 (1912)

= Melandrium delavayi (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 206 (1929)

species :

Silene delicatula Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 41 (1843)

subspecies :

subsp. delicatula

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. pisidica Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 8 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene demavendica Bornm.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 118 (1905)

Distribution: Iran (N-Iran)

34 IRN

Remarks: status doubtful

species :

Silene demirizii K.Yıldız & Çirpici; Nordic J. Bot. 28: 332 (2010)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene denizliensis Aytaç; Thaiszia 8(1): 8 (1998)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene densiflora d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 303 (1822)

Name: Dichtblütiges Leimkraut

Distribution: Bulgaria; Greece (NC- & NE-Greece, Thasos); S-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Iran (EC-Iran)

13 BUL GRC 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 NCS 34 IRN

Remarks: otites agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites densiflorus (d´Urv.) Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim], ed. 2, 3: 255 (1945)

= Otites dolichocarpus Klokov; Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 5(1): 23 (1948)

= Otites exaltatus (Friv.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 437 (1970)

= Silene dolichocarpa (Klokov) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 169 (1981)

= Silene exaltata Friv.; Flora 18: 333 (1835)

= Silene macroclada Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 84 (1849)

= Silene otites subsp. densiflora (d´Urv.) Graebn. & Graebn.f.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(2): 197 (1921)

= Silene otites var. densiflora (d´Urv.) Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 369 (1824)

species :

Silene dentipetala H.Chuang; Fl. Yunnan. 6: 836 (1995)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene depressa M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 336 (1808)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE GEO

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene oligantha Besser ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 321 (1842)

species :

Silene dewinteri Bocquet; Bothalia 12(2): 309 (1977)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Remarks: sometimes included in S. aethiopica s. lat.

species :

Silene dianthoides Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 500 (1805)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (W-Iran)

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus saxifragus L.; Mant. Pl. 71 (1767)

= Silene calyculata K.Koch; Linnaea 19: 56 (1847)

= Silene froedinii Rech.f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 350 (1951)

= Silene melanophylla Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 24 (1843)

= Tunica dianthoides (Pers.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 54 (1837)

species :

Silene dichotoma Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 7: 143 (1792)

Name: Gabel-Leimkraut (DE); Forked Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I]); Ireland [I] (E-Ireland [I]); Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (NE-Greece, Limnos, Kiklades: Kea, Serifos, Amorgos); Crete; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; +Algeria; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Samos, Chalki, Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Cyprus (S-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Australia [I] (South Australia [I]); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Newfoundland [I], Ontario [I], Quebec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kentucky [I], Maine [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I])

10 grb ire 11 CZE ger HUN lux POL SLO swi 12 fra spa 13 BUL CRO GRC ita KRI MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 50 aus 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa

Remarks: dichotoma agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene dichotoma f. ellipticifolia Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 131 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene dichotoma f. grandilaminata Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 131 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene dichotoma f. longiramosa Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 131 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene dichotoma subsp. apolonica Panov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 27(11): 1571 (1974)

= Silene dichotoma subsp. praedichotoma (P.Candargy) Rech.f.; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105(1): 166 (1943)

= Silene dichotoma subsp. racemosa (Otth) Graebn. & Graebn.f.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(2): 93 (1920)

= Silene dichotoma subsp. sibthorpiana (Rchb.) Rech.f.; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105(1): 166 (1943)

= Silene dichotoma var. podolica Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 132 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene divaricata Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 293 (1809), nom. illeg.

= Silene praedichotoma Candargy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 155 (1897)

= Silene racemosa Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 384 (1824)

= Silene racemosa var. sibthorpiana (Rchb.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 589 (1867)

= Silene sessiliflora Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 5. 154 (1817)

= Silene sibthorpiana Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 815 (1832)

= Silene trinervis Banks & Sol.; Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed. 2 [Russell]: 2: 252 (1794)

species :

Silene diclinis (Lag.) M.Laínz; Bol. Inst. Estud. Asturianos, Supl. Ci. 6: 45 (1963)

Distribution: E-Spain (Valencia)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma dicline (Lag.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 416 (1831)

= Agrostemma dioicum Dufour ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 416 (1831)

= Lychnis diclinis Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 15 (1816)

= Melandrium dicline (Lag.) Willk.; Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 1: 27 (1853)

= Melandrium setabense J.Gay ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 641 (1874)

species :

Silene dieterlei Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 16: 531 (1980)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Baghlan, Bamyan, Kabul); Pakistan (Chitral)

34 AFG 40 PAK

species :

Silene dinarica Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 405 (1825)

Distribution: Romania (S-Carpathians)

13 ROM

Remarks: acaulis agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Saponaria baumgartenii Janka; Linnaea 30: 559 (1859 publ. 1860)

= Silene baumgartenii Schott & Kotschy ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 145 (1869)

= Silene depressa Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 326 (1817), nom. illeg.

= Xamilenis dinarica (Spreng.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 94 (2001)

species :

Silene dioica (L.) Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse 146 (1811)

subspecies :

subsp. dioica

Name: Rote Lichtnelke (DE), Red Campion (EN)

Distribution: Iceland; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Italy; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Morocco; Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Illinois [I], Iowa [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Montana [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Dakota [I], Vermont [I], Washington [I], Wisconsin [I]); Brazil [I]; Argentina [I]; Falkland Isl. [I]

10 DEN FIN GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA POR SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV sma SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 MOR 32 KAZ 33 GEO NCS 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa 84 bra 85 arg 91 fal

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma sylvestre (Schkuhr) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 416 (1831)

= Lychnis arvensis G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.; Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 2: 117 (1800)

= Lychnis dioecia Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 3, errata (1768)

= Lychnis dioica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 437 (1753)

= Lychnis dioica subsp. diurna Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 45 (1894)

= Lychnis dioica subsp. rubra Weigel; Fl. Pomer.-Rugic. 85 (1769)

= Lychnis dioica var. alpina Haenke; Beobacht. Reis. Riesengeb. [Jirasek et al.] 57 (1791)

= Lychnis dioica var. campestris Wahlenb.; Fl. Suec. [Wahlenberg] 1: 286 (1824)

= Lychnis dioica var. diurna (Sibth.) Bab.; Prim. Fl. Sarnicae 13 (1839)

= Lychnis dioica var. rubra S.Wilcke; Fl. Gryphica [Wilcke] 68 (1765), nom. inval.

= Lychnis dioica var. rubra Weigel; Fl. Pomer.-Rugic. 85 (1769)

= Lychnis dioica var. sylvestris (Schkuhr) Wahlenb.; Fl. Suec. [Wahlenberg] 1: 286 (1824)

= Lychnis dioica var. sylvestris Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 2(1): 514 (1789)

= Lychnis dioica var. sylvestris Schkuhr; Bot. Handb. [Schkuhr] 1: 403, t. CXXIV (1791), nom. illeg.

= Lychnis dioica var. vespertina (Sibth.) Bab.; Prim. Fl. Sarnicae 13 (1839)

= Lychnis diurna Sibth.; Fl. Oxon. 145 (1794) (nom. illeg.)

= Lychnis diurna var. glaberrima Sekera; Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 3(25): 196 (1853)

= Lychnis preslii Sekera; Lotos 3: 134 (1853)

= Lychnis rosea Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 304 (1796)

= Lychnis rubra Weigel ex Patze, E.Mey. & Elkan; Fl. Preuss. 384 (1849)

= Lychnis silvestris Rafn; Danm. Holst. Fl. 2: 790 (1800)

= Lychnis sylvestris (Roth) Hoppe; Bot. Taschenb. [Hoppe] 86 (1794)

= Lychnis sylvestris Schkuhr; Bot. Handb. [Schkuhr] 1: 403 (1791)

= Lychnis vespertina Sibth.; Fl. Oxon. 146 (1794) (non Retz., Obs. Bot. 3: 31 (1783))

= Melandrium dioicum (L.) Coss. & Germ.; Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris 28 (1845)

= Melandrium dioicum (L.) Schinz & Thell.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 7: 179 (1907), isonym

= Melandrium dioicum f. glaberrimum (Sekera) D.Löve; Bot. Not. 1944: 201 (1944)

= Melandrium dioicum f. lacteum (Hartm.) D.Löve; Bot. Not. 1944: 201 (1944)

= Melandrium dioicum subsp. glaberrimum (Čelak.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Přír. 148: 77 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Melandrium dioicum subsp. rubrum (Weigel) D.Löve; Bot. Not. 1944: 200 (1944)

= Melandrium dioicum var. zetlandicum Compton; Cambr. Brit. Fl. 3: 73 (1920)

= Melandrium diurnum Fr.; Bot. Not. 1842: 170 (1842)

= Melandrium diurnum var. expallens Kindb.; Östgöta Fl. 185 (1861)

= Melandrium pratense var. paui Lomax; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 6: 27 (1895)

= Melandrium preslii (Sekera) Nyman; Suppl. Syll. Fl. Eur. 41 (1865), nom. illeg.

= Melandrium purpureum Rupr.; Fl. Ingr. [Ruprecht] 163 (1860)

= Melandrium rubrum (Weigel) Garcke; Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland, ed. 4: 55 (1858) (nom. illeg.)

= Melandrium rubrum subsp. lacteum (Hartm.) Gürke; Pl. Eur. [Richter] 329 (1890)

= Melandrium stenophyllum Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 15(2): 130 (1877)

= Melandrium sylvestre (Schkuhr) Röhl.; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 2, Phanerog. Gew. 2: 274 (1812)

= Melandrium sylvestre f. altissimum Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 273 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium sylvestre f. fasciculatum Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 273 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium sylvestre f. pluriceps Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 274 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium sylvestre f. virens Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 274 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium sylvestre subsp. glaberrimum (Maly) Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 3(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 3): 513 (1875)

= Melandrium sylvestre subsp. villosum Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 3(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 3): 513 (1875)

= Melandrium sylvestre var. ellipticifolium Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 274 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium sylvestre var. glabrescens Schur

= Melandrium sylvestre var. glandulosum (Brügger) E.Baumann; Arch. Hydrobiol. Planktonk., Suppl. 1(Veg. Untersees): 310 (1911)

= Melandrium sylvestre var. grandiflorum Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 274 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium sylvestre var. lactea Hartm.

= Melandrium sylvestre var. podolicum Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 274 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium sylvestre var. pygmaeum Ser.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 386 (1824)

= Melandrium sylvestre var. stenophyllum Schur

= Melandrium sylvestre var. villosum Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 3(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 3): 513 (1875)

= Saponaria dioica (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 76 (1794), isonym

= Saponaria dioica (L.) Willd.; Fl. Berol. Prodr. 153 (1787)

= Saponaria diurna Walther; Fl. Giessen 339 (1802)

= Silene dioica f. lactea (Hartm.) Meusel & K.Werner; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.], ed. 2, 3(2): 1129 (1979)

= Silene dioica subsp. glaberrima (Čelak.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 150: 126 (1981 publ. 1982), nom. illeg.

= Silene dioica subsp. zetlandica (Compton) Clapham; Fl. Brit. Isles [Clapham et al.], ed. 2: 217 (1962)

= Silene dioica var. glaberrima (K.Malý) Meusel & K.Werner; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.], ed. 2, 3(2): 1129 (1979)

= Silene dioica var. glabrescens (Schur) Meusel & K.Werner; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.], ed. 2, 3(2): 1129 (1979)

= Silene dioica var. glandulosa (Brügger) Kerguélen; Lejeunia n. s. 120: 163 (1987)

= Silene dioica var. pygmaea (Ser.) Meusel & K.Werner; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.], ed. 2, 3(2): 1129 (1979)

= Silene dioica var. smithii (Rune) Ericsson; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 79(2): 115 (1985)

= Silene dioica var. stenophylla (Schur) Meusel & K.Werner; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.], ed. 2, 3(2): 1129 (1979)

= Silene dioica var. zetlandica (Compton) Kerguélen; ERICA (France) 10: 10 (1998)

= Silene dioica var. zetlandica (Compton) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 686 (2018)

= Silene diurna (Sibth. ex Walther) Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 1: 217 (1847)

= Silene hornemannii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 584 (1841)

= Silene latifolia Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl. 49 (1819), nom. illeg.

= Silene rubra Burnat; Fl. Alpes Marit. 1: 212 (1892)

= Silene sylvestris (Roth) Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse 146 (1811)

subspecies :

subsp. lapponica (Simmons) Tolm. & Kozhanch.; Arktichesk. Fl. S.S.S.R. 6: 101 (1971)

Distribution: European Russia

14 RUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium dioicum subsp. lapponicum (Simmons) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 98 (2001)

= Melandrium lapponicum (Simmons) Kuzen.; Fl. Murmansk. Obl. 3: 242 (1956)

= Melandrium rubrum subsp. lapponicum Simmons; Ark. Bot. 6(17): 6 (1907)

species :

Silene dirphya Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 13: 281 (1984), nom. nov.

Distribution: C-Greece (C-Evvoia)

13 GRC

Remarks: saxifraga agg.; known only from one location

Synonyms: hidden

= Saponaria caespitosa Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 282 (1809), nom. illeg.

= Saponaria smithii Ser.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 367 (1824)

= Silene saxifraga subsp. smithii (Ser.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 92 (1878)

= Silene smithii (Ser.) Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 1: 77 (1854) (non J. F. Gmel. 1791)

species :

Silene discolor Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 292 (1809)

Name: Klebriges Strand-Leimkraut (DE); Discolored Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Samos, Leros, Kos, Nisyros, Tilos, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, W-Cyprus, N-Cyprus)

34 CYP EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene nicaeensis var. latifolia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 592 (1867)

= Silene pompeiopolitana J.Gay ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 595 (1867)

= Silene psammica Boiss. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 110 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene setacea Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 372 (1824), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene dissecta Litard. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 4: 6 (1924)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Silene disticha Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 476 (1809)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares (Mallorca, Menorca); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; New Zealand [I]

12 BAL POR SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN 51 nzl

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene chlorantha Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1850(Adv. Bot.): 7 (1851), nom. illeg.

= Silene coarctata Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (9)

= Silene congesta Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (9)

= Silene hirsuta Schousb. ex Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 356 (1877), nom. inval.

= Silene hispida Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 476 (1809)

= Silene micropetala Roem. ex Schrank; Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac. 1: t. 39 (1819)

= Silene mutica Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (2)

= Silene parvifolia Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 376 (1824)

= Silene pilosa Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 476 (1809)

= Silene vespertina proles disticha (Willd.) Samp.; Man. Fl. Port. 301 (1911)

= Silene vespertina var. disticha (Willd.) Samp.; Herb. Port. 84 (1913)

species :

Silene diversifolia Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 378 (1824)

subspecies :

subsp. diversifolia

Distribution: Spain; Baleares; Morocco; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote)

12 BAL SPA 20 MOR 21 CNY

Remarks: status uncertain, often included in S. rubella s. l.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene oblongifolia Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 369 (1824)

= Silene rubella subsp. segetalis (Dufour) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 94 (1878)

= Silene segetalis Dufour; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 241 (1860)

subspecies :

subsp. bergiana (Lindm.) L.Medina; Acta Bot. Malac. 40: 365 (2015)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: status uncertain, often included in S. rubella s. l.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene bergiana Lindm.; Acta Horti Berg. 1(6): 3 (1891)

= Silene rubella subsp. bergiana (Lindm.) Graebn. & P.Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(2): 162 (1921)

= Silene rubella subsp. bergiana (Lindm.) J.M.Linden; Lagascalia 9: 132 (1980)

= Silene rubella subsp. bergiana (Lindm.) Malag.; Sin. Fl. Ibér. 295 (1975)

= Silene rubella var. bergiana (Lindm.) Garcke; Pl. Eur. 2: 305 (1899)

species :

Silene doganii A.Duran & Menemen; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 143(1): 109 (2003)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene donetzica Kleopow; Zhurn. Inst. Bot. Vseukraïns´k. Akad. Nauk. 9(17): 116 (1936)

Name: Donjez-Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Slovakia; European Russia; Northern Caucasus

11 SLO 14 RUS 33 NCS

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites donetzicus (Kleopow) Klokov; Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 5(1): 25 (1948)

= Otites donetzicus subsp. sillingeri (Hendrych) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 4 (1984)

= Otites sillingeri (Hendrych) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 18(2): 204 (1983)

= Silene densiflora subsp. sillingeri (Hendrych) Šourková; Preslia 49(1): 12 (1977)

species :

Silene douglasii Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 1: 88 (1830)

Name: Douglas´s catchfly

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)

71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus douglasii Eaton; Man. Bot. [A.Eaton], ed. 8: 427 (1840)

= Silene columbiana Howell; Fl. N.W. Amer. [Howell] 78 (1897)

= Silene dilatata Suksd.; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 16: 212 (1898)

= Silene douglasii var. brachycalyx B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 145 (1893)

= Silene douglasii var. macrocalyx B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 145 (1893)

= Silene douglasii var. monantha (S.Watson) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 145 (1893)

= Silene douglasii var. multicaulis (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 144 (1893)

= Silene douglasii var. villosa C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 41 (1947)

= Silene douglasii var. viscida B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 145 (1893)

= Silene lyallii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 342 (1875)

= Silene macrocalyx (B.L.Rob.) Howell; Fl. N.W. Amer. [Howell] 1: 78 (1897)

= Silene monantha S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 340 (1875)

= Silene multicaulis Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 1: 192, 675 (1838)

variant :

var. oraria (M.Peck) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Revis. N. Amer. Silene 40 (1947)

Name: Seabluff catchfly

Distribution: USA (Oregon)

73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene oraria M.Peck; Torreya 32: 148 (1932)

variant :

var. rupinae Kephart & Sturgeon; Madroño 40(2): 96 (1993)

Distribution: USA (Oregon, Washington)

73 USA

species :

Silene drummondii Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 1: 89 (1830)

subspecies :

subsp. drummondii

Name: Drummond´s campion

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan); USA (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming)

71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis drummondii (Hook.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Taxon 31(1): 123 (1982)

= Lychnis drummondii (Hook.) S.Watson; Botany (Fortieth Parallel) 37, 432 (1871)

= Lychnis drummondii var. heterochroma B.Boivin; Phytologia 16: 319 (1968)

= Lychnis pudica B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 643 (1966)

= Melandrium drummondii (Hook.) A.E.Porsild; Sargentia 4: 36 (1943)

= Silene drummondii var. kruckebergii Bocquet; Candollea 22: 28 (1967)

= Wahlbergella drummondii (Hook.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 318 (1912)

subspecies :

subsp. striata (Rydb.) J.K.Morton; Sida 21: 887 (2004)

Distribution: Canada (Saskatchewan); USA (Arizona, Colorado, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming)

71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis drummondii var. striata (Rydb.) Maguire; Rhodora 52: 242 (1950)

= Lychnis striata Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 408 (1904)

= Silene drummondii var. striata (Rydb.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 28 (1967)

= Wahlbergella striata (Rydb.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 318 (1912)

species :

Silene dschuparensis Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 28(2): 14 (1911)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene dumanii Kandemir, G.E.Genç & İ.Genç; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 46(1): 71 (2009)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene dumetosa C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 154-155, f. 6 (1982)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene duralii Bağcı; Turk. J. Bot. 32(1): 11 (2008)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene dyris Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 14: 130 (1923)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene dyris var. lutea Quézel; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 44: 196 (1953)

species :

Silene echegarayi (Hieron.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 35 (1967)

Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza, San Juan Prov.)

85 ARG

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium echegarayi Hieron.; Bol. Acad. Ci. (Córdoba) 4: 11 (1881)

species :

Silene echinata Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 380 (1824)

Name: Igel-Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; S-Spain (Malaga); C-Italy; S-Italy; +Serbia; +Algeria

11 ger 12 SPA 13 ITA SRB 20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene bergeri Schott ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 411 (1825)

species :

Silene echinosperma Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 78 (1849)

Distribution: S-Greece (Mt. Taygetos)

13 GRC

Remarks: reinwardtii agg.

species :

Silene echinospermoides Hub.-Mor.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 28: 7 (1967)

Name: Igelsamiges Leimkraut (DE); Spinyseed Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Simi, Chalki, Rhodos); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

34 EAI TUR

species :

Silene eckloniana Sond. ex Harv. & Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 1: 126 (1860)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Remarks: often included in S. undulata s. l.

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium ecklonianum (Sond.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 232 (1869)

species :

Silene edgeworthii Bocquet; Candollea 22: 13 (1967)

Distribution: Pakistan; Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma fimbriatum G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 417 (1831)

= Lychnis fimbriata (G.Don) Wall.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 1: t. 20, f. B (1834)

= Lychnis indica var. fimbriata (Wall. ex G.Don) Edgew. & Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 225 (1874)

= Melandrium fimbriatum (Wall. ex G.Don) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 280 (1842)

= Melandrium indicum var. fimbriatum (G.Don) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 234 (1869)

= Silene indica var. edgeworthii (Bocquet) Y.J.Nasir; Fl. Pakistan 175: 70 (1986)

species :

Silene elisabethae Jan; Flora 15: 177 (1832)

Distribution: Italy (SC-Alps)

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium elisabethae (Jan) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 232 (1869)

= Saponaria elisabethae (Jan) Fenzl ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 93 (1878)

= Silenanthe elisabethae (Jan) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 101 (2001)

species :

Silene elymaitica Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 315 (1911)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene eminentis Özçelik; Bio-Sci. Res. Bull. 18(2): 122, fig. 1 (2002)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene eremitica Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 644 (1867)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene salsuginosa Fomin; Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 6(3): 34 (1903)

species :

Silene eriocalycina Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 28 (1843)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ

species :

Silene ermenekensis Vural & Kit Tan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 41: 66, f. 1F-H (1983)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene ertekinii Aydin & Oxelman; Phytotaxa 178(2): 102 (2014)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene erubescens (Schischk.) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 169 (1981)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe erubescens (Schischk.) Devyatov & V.N.Tikhom.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 97(3): 124 (1992)

= Melandrium erubescens Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 706, 890 (1936)

species :

Silene erysimifolia Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 17 (1886)

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene esquamata W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(55): 223-224 (1919)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene eugeniae Kleopow; Zhurn. Inst. Bot. Vseukraïns´k. Akad. Nauk. 9(17): 119 (1936)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites eugeniae (Kleopow) Klokov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1974: 61 (1974)

species :

Silene euxina (Rupr.) Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 23: 154 (1909)

Distribution: Bulgaria; European Turkey; NE-Greece (coastal, Thasos); Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey

13 BUL GRC TUE 33 GEO 34 TUR

Remarks: dichotoma agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene dichotoma subsp. euxina (Rupr.) Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 8 (1967)

= Silene dichotoma var. euxina Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 15(2): 184 (1869), et ex Schischk. in Bull. Mus. Georgie, 1920-2 1: 8 (1922), descr. emend.

= Silene euxina var. bulgarica Jordanov & Panov; Fl. Bulg. [Stojanov & Stefanoff], ed. 4, 3: 509, 596 (1966)

= Silene mathei Pénzes; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 62: 20 (1959)

= Silene racemosa var. rubrflora Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 588 (1867)

species :

Silene eviscosa Bondarenko & Vved.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 2: 326 (1971)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan

32 KGZ

species :

Silene exsudans Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 76 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene fabaria (L.) Coyte; Ind. Plant. 373 (1807)

subspecies :

subsp. fabaria

Distribution: Greece (C- & NE-Greece, Sporades, Skiros, Kiklades: Mikonos, Keros, Astipalea); NE-Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Patmos, Karpathos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

13 GRC KRI 34 EAI TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Oberna, fabaria agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Behenantha fabaria (L.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 12: 199 (1975)

= Cucubalus czerei Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 451 (1841)

= Cucubalus fabarius L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 414 (1753)

= Cucubalus macrophyllus Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 81 (1869)

= Oberna fabaria (L.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. Bohemoslov. 12: 427 (1977)

= Oberna thebana (Orph. ex Boiss.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 15: 149 (1979)

= Silene byzantina Castagne ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 627 (1867)

= Silene cephalonica K.F.Schimp. & Wiest ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 81 (1869)

= Silene fabaria (L.) Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 293 (1809)

= Silene fabaria subsp. thebana (Orph. ex Boiss.) Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 155(1-4): 252 (1987)

= Silene fabifolia Schott ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 81 (1869)

= Silene macrophylla Spreng. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 81 (1869)

= Silene saponariifolia Láng & Szov. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 81 (1869)

= Silene thebana Orph. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 627 (1867)

= Viscago fabaria (L.) Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 2: 409 (1815)

subspecies :

subsp. domokina Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 122 (1995)

Distribution: C-Greece (around Korinth and S-Thessalia)

13 GRC

species :

Silene fabarioides Hausskn.; Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2(1): 51 (1889), et Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 5: 47 (1893)

Distribution: Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of NW-, C- and NE-Greece)

13 ALB BUL GRC KOS NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Oberna

Synonyms: hidden

= Oberna fabarioides (Hausskn.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. Bohemoslov. 12: 427 (1977)

species :

Silene falcata Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 301 (1809)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene falconeri (Rohrb.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 9 (1967)

Distribution: India (Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND

Remarks: Subgen. Gastrolychnis. Sometimes included in S. apetala or S. wahlbergella

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis falconeri Rohrb. ex Edgew. & Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 1: 223 (1874)

= Melandrium falconeri Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 220 (1869 publ. 1870)

species :

Silene falconeriana Benth.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 79, t. 20 (1834)

Distribution: Pakistan (Swat); Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP PAK

species :

Silene farsistanica Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 150: 308 (1985), nom. nov.

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene peduncularis var. brevipedunculata Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 19(2): 217 (1905)

= Silene peduncularis var. macrocalyx Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 105 (1888)

species :

Silene favargeri Bocquet; Candollea 22: 29 (1967), nom. nov.

Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico State, Morelos, Nuevo Leon)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis mexicana Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 5: 141 (1897)

species :

Silene fedtschenkoana Preobr.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 2: 30 (1921)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan

32 KAZ KGZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium fedtschenkoanum (Preobr.) Schischk.; Trudy Bot. Muz. 24: 34 (1932)

= Elisanthe fedtschenkoana (Preobr.) Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 705 (1936)

= Elisanthe fedtschenkoana (Preobr.) Lazkov; Sem. Gvozd. (Caryophyllac.) Fl. Kyrgyzstana 116 (2006), isonym

= Charesia fedtschenkoana (Preobr.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 100 (2001)

species :

Silene fedtschenkoi Bondarenko & Vved.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 2: 326 (1971)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

species :

Silene fenzlii Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 30 (1859), nom. nov.

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene sieberi Fenzl; Reisen Eur. As. Afr. [Russegger] 1(2): 912 (1843), nom. illeg., non Fenzl 1842

species :

Silene ferdowsii Joharchi, Nejati & F.Ghahrem.; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 48(2): 156 (2011)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Silene ferganica Preobr.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 2: 29 (1921)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Takhar)

32 KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe ferganica (Preobr.) Devyatov & Tikhom.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 97(3): 124 (1992), isonym

= Elisanthe ferganica (Preobr.) Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 706 (1936)

= Melandrium ferganicum (Preobr.) Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 706 (1936)

species :

Silene fernandezii Jeanm.; Candollea 39(2): 619 (1984)

Distribution: S-Spain (Malaga)

12 SPA

species :

Silene fetissovii Lazkov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 29: 66 (1993)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan

32 KGZ

species :

Silene fetleri D.K.Pavlova; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51(6): 388 (2014)

Distribution: S-Bulgaria; NE-Greece (Nomos Xanthis)

13 BUL GRC

species :

Silene filifolia (Dusén) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 38 (1967)

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Santa Cruz Prov.)

85 ARG

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium filifolium Dusén; Ark. Bot. 7(2): 20 (1907)

= Melandrium magellanicum var. robustum Hosseus

species :

Silene filipetala Litard. & Maire; Arch. Sci. Maroc. 2 (Contr. Étude Fl. Grand Atlas) 2 (1930)

subspecies :

subsp. filipetala

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

subspecies :

subsp. parviflora Quézel; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 34: 301 (1954)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Silene firma Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(2): 166 (1843)

Distribution: Siberia (Chita); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (throughout); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe firma (Siebold & Zucc.) Devyatov & V.N.Tikhom.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 97(3): 124 (1992), isonym

= Elisanthe firma (Siebold & Zucc.) Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 713 (1936)

= Elisanthe firma (Siebold & Zucc.) Zuev; Fl. Sibir. (Portulacac.-Ranunculac.) 6: 61 (1993), isonym

= Melandrium apricum f. pubescens Makino; Fl. Japan. [Makino & Nemoto] 1002 (1925)

= Melandrium apricum var. firmum (Siebold & Zucc.) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 240 (1869)

= Melandrium firmum (Siebold & Zucc.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 232 (1868)

= Melandrium firmum f. pubescens (Makino) Makino; Nippon Shokubutsu-Dzudan 530 (1925)

= Melandrium firmum var. pubescens (Makino) Y.Z.Zhao; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Intramongol. 16(4): 585 (1985)

= Neoussuria firma (Siebold & Zucc.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 34: 299 (20 June 2002) (2002)

= Silene aprica var. firma (Siebold & Zucc.) F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 168 (1896)

= Silene epilosa W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 223 (1920)

= Silene firma f. pubescens (Makino) Ohwi & Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 49(11): 344 (1974)

= Silene firma var. pubescens (Makino) S.Y.He; Fl. Beijing, rev. ed. 1: 209 (1984)

= Silene firma var. pubescens (Makino) Y.Z.Zhao; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Intramongol. 16(4): 585 (1985), isonym

= Silene melandryformis Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 54 (1859)

= Ussuria firma (Siebold & Zucc.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 100 (2001)

species :

Silene fissicalyx Bocquet & Chater; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 55 (1979)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Silene fissipetala Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27: 371 (1854)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Hebei, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan); Taiwan

36 CHI 38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis fortunei Vis.; Index Sem. (Padua) 1847: 4 (1847), nom. inval.

= Silene argyi H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 28: 292 (1914)

= Silene chinensis Bosse; Vollst. Handb. Bl.-gärtn., ed. 2, 3: 388 (1842)

= Silene fissipetala var. kiiruninsularis (Masam.) Veldkamp; Taiwania 53(4): 412 (2008)

= Silene fortunei var. bilobata Hosok.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 23: 93 (1933)

= Silene fortunei var. kiiruninsularis (Masam.) S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Herbac. Pl. Taiwan 1: 128 (1980)

= Silene fortunei Vis. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 222 (1868), nom. illeg.

= Silene kiiruninsularis Masam.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 6: 570 (1934)

species :

Silene flaccida Pau; Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 14: 11 (1918)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene flammulifolia Steud. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 43 (1847)

Distribution: Ethiopia; Eritrea; N-Somalia; Yemen (W-Yemen, N-Inner Yemen)

24 ERI ETH SOM 35 YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene flammulifolia var. canescens F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 104 (1896)

species :

Silene flavescens Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 191 (1804)

subspecies :

subsp. flavescens

Distribution: Germany [I]; Hungary; Italy; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece; Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)

11 ger HUN 13 BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB 34 TUR

Remarks: flavescens agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene flavescens subsp. glabra (Stoj. & Stef.) Delip.; Opred. Rast. Bulg. 86 (2011)

= Silene flavescens var. glabra Stoj. & Stef.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 1924: 281 (1924)

= Silene mollis Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 418 (1813)

= Silene subcorymbosa Adamović

subspecies :

subsp. dictaea (Rech.f.) Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 126 (1995)

Distribution: E-Crete (Mt. Dikti)

13 KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene dictaea Rech.f.; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105(1): 72 (1943)

= Silene thessalonica subsp. dictaea (Rech.f.) Melzh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 98(1): 45 (1977)

subspecies :

subsp. stojanovii (Panov) Delip.; Opred. Rast. Bulg. 87 (2011)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene stojanovii Panov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 26: 1229 (1973), nom. nov.

= Silene saxifraga var. pirinica Stoj. & Acht.; Izv. Tsarsk. Prír. Inst. Sofiya 12: 184 (1939)

subspecies :

subsp. thessalonica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 89 (1878)

Distribution: Greece (NE-Greece, Thasos, Athos, Mt. Pelion, NW-Thessalia, Samothraki); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Iran (W-Iran)

13 GRC 34 EAI IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene thessalonica Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 1: 74 (1854)

= Silene lesbiaca Candargy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 155 (1897)

species :

Silene flos-cuculi (L.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 189 (1982)

Name: Kuckucks-Lichtnelke (DE), Ragged Robin (EN)

Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly, St. Kilda Isl.); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Montana [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Vermont [I], Washington [I])

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ 33 NCS 34 TUR 51 nzl 72 cdn 73 usa 75 usa 78 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Coccyganthe

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma flos-cuculi (L.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 417 (1831)

= Agrostemma flos-cuculi var. albiflora G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 417 (1831)

= Agrostemma lusitanica (Mill.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 417 (1831)

= Coccyganthe flos-cuculi (L.) Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 16: 55 (1844)

= Coccyganthe flos-cuculi (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 345 (1868), isonym

= Coccyganthe pratensis Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 107 (1866)

= Coronaria flos-cuculi (L.) A.Braun; Flora 26: 368 (1843)

= Coronaria flos-cuculi f. eglutinosa (Hegi) C.W.Christ.; Fl. Kiel [J. A. Christiansen et al.] 97 (1922)

= Floscuculi pratense Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 44 (1852)

= Lychnis coccugosantha St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 71 (1880)

= Lychnis cyrillii Richt. ex Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 6: 55 (1844)

= Lychnis flos-cuculi f. albiflora (Peterm.) Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 279 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Lychnis flos-cuculi f. eglutinosa Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 3(1): 299 (1910)

= Lychnis flos-cuculi f. major Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 279 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Lychnis flos-cuculi f. micropetala Neuman; Bot. Not. 1896: 89 (1896)

= Lychnis flos-cuculi f. nana Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1908: 6 (1908)

= Lychnis flos-cuculi f. suboblongifolia Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 280 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Lychnis flos-cuculi f. valida Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 280 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Lychnis flos-cuculi L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 436 (1753)

= Lychnis flos-cuculi subsp. cyrilli (Richt. ex Rchb.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 91 (1896)

= Lychnis flos-cuculi var. albiflora Formánek; Beitr. Fl. Mittl. Südl. Mähren [Formánek] 84, nom. inval. (1886), nom. illeg.

= Lychnis flos-cuculi var. albiflora Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs. 332 (1838)

= Lychnis flos-cuculi var. latifolia Bolle; Verh. Bot. Vereins Brandenburg 7: 19 (1865)

= Lychnis flos-cuculi var. parviflora Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs. 332 (1838)

= Lychnis flos-cuculi var. viridiflora Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs. 333 (1838)

= Lychnis laciniata Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 51 (1779)

= Lychnis laciniflora Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 562 (1812)

= Lychnis lusitanica Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 8 (1768)

= Lychnis plumaria Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 649 (1821)

= Lychnis quadridentata Lucé; Topogr. Nachr. Oesel 145 (1823)

= Melandrium flos-cuculi (L.) Röhl.; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 2, Phanerog. Gew. 274 (1812)

= Silene cuculi E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 5: 97 (1901)

species :

Silene flos-jovis (L.) Desr.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 644 (1792)

Name: Jupiter-Nelke (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Slovakia [I]; France; Italy

11 ger slo SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Lychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma flos-jovis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 436 (1753)

= Coronaria flos-jovis (L.) A.Braun; Flora 26: 368 (1843)

= Lychnis flos-cuculi var. ramosa Ser.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 385 (1824)

= Lychnis flos-jovis (L.) Desr.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3(2): 644 (1792)

= Lychnis incana St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 70 (1880)

= Lychnis umbellifera Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 52 (1779)

= Silene flos-jovis (L.) Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse 145 (1811), isonym

= Silene flos-jovis (L.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 189 (1982)

= Silene jovis E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, Abbild., 5: 96 (1901)

species :

Silene foetida Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 406 (1825)

subspecies :

subsp. foetida

Distribution: Portugal (Sa. Estrela)

12 POR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene foetida subsp. herminii Welw. ex Rouy; (1888)

= Silene foetida var. herminii (Welw. ex Rouy) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 54 (1889)

= Silene herminii (Welw. ex Rouy) Welw. ex Rouy; Ill. Pl. Eur. 17 (1895)

= Silene macrorhiza Samp.; (1913) nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. gayana Talavera; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 45(1): 362 (1988), nom. nov.

Distribution: NW-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene macrorhiza Gay ex Lacaita; J. Bot. 67: 325 (1929), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene foliosa Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 53 (1859)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Gansu, Heilongjiang, S-Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shanxi, N-Shaanxi); Mongolia; North Korea; ?Japan

31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene foliosa var. mongolica Maxim.; Enum. Pl. Mongolia 1: 91 (1889)

= Silene maximowicziana Kozhevn.; Rast. Tsentral. Azii 11: 78 (1994 publ. 1995) (not Rohrb. (1869-1870))

= Silene ordossica Lazkov; Komarovia 1: 42 (1999), nom. nov.

= Silene tatarica f. foliosa (Maxim.) Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 27 (1861)

= Silene tatarica var. foliosa (Maxim.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 558 (1862)

species :

Silene fraudatrix Meikle; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 37: t. 3650 (1969)

Distribution: Cyprus (N-Cyprus)

34 CYP

species :

Silene frivaldskyana Hampe; Flora 20: 226 (1837)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; N-Greece (NC- & NE-Greece)

13 ALB BUL GRC KOS NMA SRB TUE

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene colorata Friv.; Flora 18: 334 (1835), nom. illeg.

= Silene longicaulis Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1849(Adv. Bot.): [2] (1851), nom. inval.

= Silene tincta Friv. ex Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 174 (1843) (nom. illeg.)

species :

Silene fruticosa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 417 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. fruticosa

Name: Strauchiges Leimkraut (DE); Woody Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: ?Italy; Sicily; Malta; S-Greece (coastal S-Peloponnisos, Kefalonia); Crete (Gavdos Isl.); Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); East Aegaean Isl. (Karpathos, Kasos, Chalki); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, W-Cyprus)

13 GRC KRI MLT SIC 20 EGY 34 CYP EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene agrigentina Lojac.; Naturalista Sicil. 2: 295 (1883)

= Silene carnea Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 301 (1796), nom. superfl.

= Silene corsica Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 428 (1821), nom. inval.

= Silene nitida Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 15 (1815)

= Silene suffruticosa Desf. ex Webb; Iter Hispan. [Webb] 64 (1838), nom. inval.

subspecies :

subsp. cyrenaica Bég. & Vacc.; Sp. Rare Fl. Libia 2 (1912)

Distribution: Libya

20 LBY

species :

Silene fruticulosa M.Bieb.; Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp. 115 (1798)

Distribution: E-European Russia; Siberia (Altai); W-Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan

14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ TKM

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene caspica Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 497 (1805)

= Silene leptopetala Schrenk; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 2: 198 (1844)

= Silene pygmaea Less. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 323 (1842), nom. inval.

= Silene suffrutescens M.Bieb.; Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp. 175 (1800)

species :

Silene fuscata Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 2: 187 (1804)

Name: Rotbraunes Leimkraut (DE); Red-Brown Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Crete (only once); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (Samos, Rhodos); Turkey (S-Anatolia); Cyprus (N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel)

12 POR SAR SPA 13 ITA KRI SIC 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene articulata Kunze; Flora 29: 696 (1846), nom. illeg.

= Silene divaricata Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 376 (1824), nom. illeg.

= Silene fuscata var. elatior Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 218 (1913)

= Silene sassiana Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 4: 609 (1841)

= Silene sicula Bertol. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 153 (1869)

= Silene simplicicarona Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 1: 148, 169 (1834)

= Silene undulatifolia Moris; Stirp. Sard. Elench. 8 (1828)

= Silene undulifolia Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 3: 65 (1839)

species :

Silene gaditana Talavera & Bocquet; Lagascalia 5: 49 (1975)

Distribution: S-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene mogadorensis var. parviflora Freyn; Exsicc. (Iter Hispan.) 4: 335 (1896), nomen

species :

Silene galataea Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 102 (1888)

Distribution: Cyprus (C-Mountains)

34 CYP

species :

Silene gallica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 417 (1753)

Name: Französisches Leimkraut (DE); Small-flowered Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland [I], Isles of Scilly); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg [I], Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, +Hessen, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz [I], Schleswig-Holstein [I], +Saarland, Sachsen [I], Sachsen-Anhalt [I], Thüringen [I]); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread lowlands, most islands); Crete (incl. islets); +Latvia [I]; Belarus; C-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); +Islas Selvagens; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Ilha de Sao Tiago); Zimbabwe [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; St. Helena [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Afghanistan (Nangarhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (W-Yemen); South Korea [I]; Japan [I] (Honshu [I]); Pakistan (Peshawar); India (Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand); Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Austral Isl. [I] (Rapa Iti [I]); Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Florida [I], Idaho [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Massachusetts [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], New Hampshire [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Texas [I], Washington [I]); Mexico [I]; Isla Guadalupe [I]; Guatemala [I]; El Salvador [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Jamaica [I]; Haiti [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Antofagasta [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]

10 DEN GRB ire 11 AUT BGM GER HUN NET POL SLO SWI 12 BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR lat MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR SEL 26 zim 27 les saf 28 sth 29 mau reu 33 GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI ISR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU YEM 38 jap kor 40 IND PAK 42 lsi 50 aus lhi nfk 51 ctm nzl 60 nwc 61 aui 63 haw 70 ask 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 glp mex 80 cos els gua pan 81 his jam 82 clm 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru

Synonyms: hidden

= Corone agrestina Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 344 (1868)

= Corone gallica (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 344 (1868)

= Corone quinquevulnera (L.) Hoffmanns. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 422 (1841)

= Cucubalus sylvestris Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 28 (1779), nom. illeg.

= Cucubalus variegatus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 28 (1779)

= Lychnis cerastoides (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 309 (1771)

= Lychnis vulnerata Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 309 (1771)

= Oncerum gallicum (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 256 (1867)

= Silene agrestina (Fourr.) Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 6 (1866)

= Silene agricola E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, Abbild., 5: 87 (1901)

= Silene anglica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 416 (1753), nom. rej.

= Silene anglica var. quinquevulnera House; Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 70 (1923)

= Silene arvensis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 301 (1796), nom. superfl.

= Silene bohemica Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 6 (1866)

= Silene candollei Jord. ex Guss.; Enum. Pl. Inarim. 37 (1855)

= Silene canescens Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (7)

= Silene cantabrica Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 5 (1866)

= Silene cerastoides All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 79 (1785)

= Silene cerastoides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 417 (1753)

= Silene cerastoides var. anomala Ball; J. Bot. 11: 301 (1873)

= Silene chia Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 409 (1825)

= Silene chilensis Cham. & Schltdl. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 97 (1869), pro syn.

= Silene clusii Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (7)

= Silene colorata Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (9)

= Silene congesta Schott ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 583 (1841)

= Silene conica Geners. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 97 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene cruentata Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 8 (1866)

= Silene cucubalus var. cruentata (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 120 (1896)

= Silene cuneifolia J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 714 (1791)

= Silene distycha Webb; Iter Hispan. [Webb] 63 (1838)

= Silene gallica f. maxima Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 133 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene gallica f. tenuicaulis Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 133 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene gallica proles quinquevulnera (L.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 119 (1896)

= Silene gallica subsp. anglica (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114(1): 52 (1961), isonym

= Silene gallica subsp. anglica (L.) Syme; Engl. Bot., ed. 3B, 2: 60 (1864)

= Silene gallica subsp. chermezonis Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 50 (1936)

= Silene gallica subsp. quinquevulnera (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 52 (1961), isonym

= Silene gallica subsp. quinquevulnera (L.) Syme; Engl. Bot., ed. 3B, 2: 60 (1864)

= Silene gallica subsp. sylvestris (Lam.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1: 88 (1860)

= Silene gallica subvar. agrestina (Jord. & Fourr.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(2): 99 (1920)

= Silene gallica subvar. bohemica (Jord. & Fourr.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(2): 99 (1920)

= Silene gallica subvar. modesta (Jord. & Fourr.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(2): 99 (1920)

= Silene gallica subvar. rosella (Jord. & Fourr.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(2): 99 (1920)

= Silene gallica var. agrestina (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 118 (1896)

= Silene gallica var. anglica (L.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 3, 3: 230 (1831)

= Silene gallica var. bohemica (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 118 (1896)

= Silene gallica var. cantabrica (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 119 (1896)

= Silene gallica var. chermezonis Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 50 (1936)

= Silene gallica var. divaricata Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 1: 206 (1847)

= Silene gallica var. glaucescens Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1851: 9 (1852)

= Silene gallica var. gomeraea Bolle; Index Sem. (Berlin) 1861(App.): 10 (1862)

= Silene gallica var. littoralis (Jord.) Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 7: 113 (1865), nom. illeg.

= Silene gallica var. lusitanica (L.) Juel, E.Markl. & Örtendahl; Index Sem. (Uppsala) 1921: 7 (1922), isonym

= Silene gallica var. lusitanica (L.) Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 647 (1878)

= Silene gallica var. minor Ball; Spicil. Fl. Marocc. [Ball]: 356 (1877)

= Silene gallica var. minutiflora (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 119 (1896)

= Silene gallica var. modesta (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 119 (1896)

= Silene gallica var. myloptera (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 120 (1896)

= Silene gallica var. occitanica (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 119 (1896)

= Silene gallica var. parvula (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 119 (1896)

= Silene gallica var. pauciflora Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1851: 9 (1852)

= Silene gallica var. prostrata Merino; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 30: 195 (1901)

= Silene gallica var. quinquevulnera (L.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 3, 3: 230 (1831)

= Silene gallica var. rosella (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 118 (1896)

= Silene gallica var. semiglabrata (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 118 (1896)

= Silene gallica var. suboccultata (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 119 (1896)

= Silene gallica var. subsecunda Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1851: 6 (1852)

= Silene gallica var. sylvestris (Lam.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1: 88 (1860)

= Silene glandulosa Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 6: 626 (1847), nom. illeg.

= Silene glomerata Gay; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 1: 259 (1846)

= Silene haenkeana C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 2: 19 (1831)

= Silene hirsuta C.Presl ex Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 3, 3: 23 (1831), nom. inval.

= Silene hispida Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (7)

= Silene jucunda Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 8 (1866)

= Silene linifolia Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (9)

= Silene linophila Rothm.; Agron. Lusit. 6: 264 (1944)

= Silene littoralis Jord.; Cat. Graines Jard. Dijon 31 (1848), nom. illeg.

= Silene littorea Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1850(Adv. Bot.): 9 (1851), nom. inval.

= Silene lusitanica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 416 (1753), nom. rej.

= Silene lusitanica subsp. quinquevulnera (L.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 97 (1878)

= Silene marginata Schott; Syll. Pl. Nov. 1: 210 (1824)

= Silene micropetala Ten.; Fl. Napol. 5: 344 (1835-1836)

= Silene minutiflora Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 4 (1866)

= Silene modesta Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 5 (1866) (non Boiss. & C. I. Blanche in Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 33 (1859))

= Silene myloptera Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 8 (1866)

= Silene occitanica Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 6 (1866)

= Silene oliveriana Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (7)

= Silene pachyphylla Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (2, 7)

= Silene parvula Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 7 (1866)

= Silene pygmaea Herder; Index Sem. [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 44 (1858)

= Silene quinquevulnera L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 416 (1753), nom. rej.

= Silene reflexa Moench; Methodus [Moench] 705 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Silene rigidula L.; Cent. Pl. II: 16 (1756)

= Silene rosella Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 7 (1866)

= Silene rostrata Dufour; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 244 (1860)

= Silene sabuletorum Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1850(Adv. Bot.): 7 (1851), nom. inval.

= Silene sardoa Moris ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 813 (1832)

= Silene sciotica Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 372 (1824)

= Silene semiglabra Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 7 (1866)

= Silene silvestris Schott ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 812 (1832), nom. inval.

= Silene spatulata Larrañaga; Escritos Damaso Antonio Larrañaga 2: 155 (1923)

= Silene suboccultata Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 5 (1866)

= Silene sylvestris (Lam.) Gaterau; Descr. Pl. Montauban 82 (1789)

= Silene tergestina Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 6 (1866)

= Silene transtagana Cout.; Notas Fl. Portugal 5: 7 (1921)

= Silene tricuspidata Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 2: 184 (1815), nomen

= Silene tridentata Ramond ex DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 758 (1805), nom. inval.

= Silene undulatifolia Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1850(Adv. Bot.): 7 (1851), nom. inval.

= Silene vernalis Poepp. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 97 (1869)

variant :

var. giraldii (Guss.) Walters; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 97(4): 341 (1988)

Distribution: Sardinia; S-Italy

12 SAR 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene giraldii Guss.; Enum. Pl. Inarim. 36 (1854)

species :

Silene gallinyi Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 915 (1932)

Name: Dreinerviges Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Italy; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; SW-Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland, Thasos)

11 ger 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB TUE

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene trinervia Sebast. & Mauri; Fl. Roman. Prodr. 152 (1818) (non Silene trinervis Banks & Sol. (1794))

= Silene viridis Greuter; Willdenowia 14: 49 (1984)

species :

Silene gangotriana Pusalkar, D.K.Singh & Lakshmin.; Kew Bull. 59(4): 621 (2005)

Distribution: India (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh)

40 IND

Remarks: status unconfirmed

species :

Silene gasimailikensis B.Fedtsch.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 14: 2 (1908)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

species :

Silene gaubae Bornm. & Gauba; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 91 (1935)

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene gavrilovii (Krasnov) Popov; Byull. Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ. 9: Suppl., 38 (1925)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene balchaschensis Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 618 (1936), rossice, et Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 176 (1937), latine

= Silene glaucescens Schischk.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 175 (1937)

= Silene holopetala var. gavrilovii Krasn.

species :

Silene gazulensis A.Galán, J.E.Cortés, Vicente Orell. & R.Morales; Acta Bot. Malac. 24: 238 (1999)

Distribution: Spain; ?Morocco

12 SPA

species :

Silene gebleriana Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Enum. Pl. Nov. [Fischer & Meyer] 1: 91 (1841)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan

32 KAZ KGZ UZB

species :

Silene gemmata Meikle; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 37: t. 3651 (1969)

Name: Troodos-Leimkraut (DE); Troodos Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos: Mt. Attaviros); Cyprus (Mt. Troodos)

34 CYP EAI

species :

Silene genovevae Bocquet; Candollea 22: 31 (1967)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Tarija)

83 BOL PER

species :

Silene georgievskyi Lazkov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 84(9): 123 (1999)

Distribution: N-Iraq; Syria

34 IRQ SYR

species :

Silene germana J.Gay; Notes Pl. Crit. 1(2): 31 (1849)

Distribution: S-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene boissieri J.Gay; Notes Pl. Crit. 1(2): 32 (1849)

= Silene ramosissima Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 93 (1839), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene gertraudiae Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 150: 312 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., W-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene gevasica Hamzaoğlu; Turk. J. Bot. 35(1): 68 (2011)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene ghahremaninejadii Hoseini & Assadi; Nova Biol. Reperta 3(2): 132, figs. 1-2 (2016)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Silene ghiarensis Batt.; Contr. Fl. Atl. 17 (1919)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

species :

Silene gigantea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 418 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. gigantea

Name: Riesen-Leimkraut (DE); Giant Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; W-Greece (Kerkyra, Epirus, Ionian Isl., Kiklades: Anafi); Crete (widespread); East Aegaean Isl. (Ikaria, Samos, Agathonisi, Kos, Nisyros, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (N-Cyprus)

11 ger 13 BUL GRC KRI NMA 34 CYP EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus giganteus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1231 (1753)

= Viscago gigantea (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 705 (1794)

subspecies :

subsp. epirota Du Pasquier; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 183(3): 487 (2017)

Distribution: NW-Greece (Epirus)

13 GRC

subspecies :

subsp. hellenica Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 114 (1995)

Distribution: Greece (C-Greece, Peloponnisos, Attiki, Evvoia)

13 GRC

subspecies :

subsp. rhodopea (Janka) Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 115 (1995)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (NC- & NE-Greece, south to Mt. Pelion)

13 ALB BUL GRC KOS NMA SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene gigantea var. incana (Griseb.) Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 254 (1957)

= Silene gigantea var. viridescens Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 646 (1867)

= Silene italica var. incana Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 173 (1843)

= Silene macrocarpa Formánek; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 9: 68 (1891)

= Silene pseudonutans Pančić; Fl. Serbiae, Add. 116 (1884)

= Silene rhodopea Janka; Természetrajzi Füz. 2: 28 (1878)

species :

Silene gillettii (Turrill) M.G.Gilbert; Nordic J. Bot. 11(4): 456 (1991)

Distribution: S-Ethiopia; N-Kenya

24 ETH 25 KEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene burchellii var. gillettii Turrill; Kew Bull. [9]: 57 (1954)

species :

Silene glaberrima Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 7 (1931)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

species :

Silene glabrescens Coss.; Ill. Fl. Atlant. 1: 135 (1891)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Silene glareosa Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. Ser. 2, 1: 242 (1851)

subspecies :

subsp. glareosa

Name: Geröll-Taubenkropf (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Montenegro

11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 ITA MNT SLV

Remarks: vulgaris agg. Frequently treated as subspecies of S. vulgaris

Synonyms: hidden

= Oberna behen subsp. glareosa (Jord.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Přír. 153(4): 216 (1984 publ. 1986)

= Oberna glareosa (Jord.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 15: 148 (1979)

= Oberna rupicola (Boreau) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 15: 148 (1979)

= Oncerum glareosum (Jord.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 257 (1867)

= Silene cucubalus f. glareosa (Jord.) Tosco; Webbia 30(1): 140 (1976), without basionym ref.

= Silene cucubalus proles glareosa (Jord.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 106 (1896)

= Silene cucubalus var. glareosa (Jord.) Merino; Fl. Galicia [Merino] 1: 204 (1905)

= Silene inflata var. glareosa (Jord.) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 668 (1878)

= Silene inflata var. minor Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 1: 203 (1848)

= Silene maritima var. glareosa (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 51 (1889)

= Silene rupicola Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 95 (1857)

= Silene uniflora subsp. glareosa (Jord.) Chater & Walters; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 103: 216 (1990)

= Silene vulgaris subsp. glareosa (Jord.) Marsden-Jones & Turrill; Bladder Campions 20, 135 (1957)

subspecies :

subsp. marginata (Kit. ex Schult.) Guarino & Pignatti; Fl. Ital. [Pignatti] 2: 172 (2017), et 4: 920 (2019)

Distribution: Italy (etc.)

13 ITA

Remarks: often included in S. vulgaris s. l.

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus marginatus Kit. ex Schult.; Oesterr. Fl., ed. 2, 1: 674 (1814)

= Oberna behen subsp. marginata (Kit. ex Schult.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 153: 216 (1984 publ. 1985)

= Oberna marginata (Kit. ex Schult.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 427 (1977)

= Silene cucubalus subsp. marginata (Schult.) Rech.f.; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105(1): 165 (1943)

= Silene cucubalus var. marginata (Kit. ex Schult.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 108 (1896)

= Silene marginata (Kit. ex Schult.) Kit.; Linnaea 32: 536 (1863) (non Schott 1824)

= Silene vulgaris subsp. marginata (Kit. ex Schult.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 258 (1924)

= Silene vulgaris var. marginata (Kit. ex Schult.) Stevan. & Niketić; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59: 394 (2007)

= Silene willdenowii subsp. marginata (Kit. ex Schult.) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 99 (1949)

subspecies :

subsp. prostrata (Gaudin) Guarino & Pignatti; Fl. Ital. [Pignatti] 2: 172 (2017), et 4: 920 (2019)

Distribution: Switzerland; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of NW-, C-Greece, Peloponnisos)

11 SWI 12 ADO COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus angustissimus Nocca & Balb.; Fl. Ticin. 1: 199 (1816)

= Oberna behen subsp. prostrata (Gaudin) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Přír. 153(4): 216 (1984 publ. 1986)

= Silene alpinoprostrata Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 270 (2010)

= Silene angustifolia subsp. prostrata (Gaudin) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 547 (1910)

= Silene cucubalus proles alpina Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 108 (1896)

= Silene cucubalus subsp. prostrata (Gaudin) Bech.; Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 43: 54 (1934)

= Silene cucubalus var. ambigua Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 108 (1896)

= Silene cucubalus var. puberula Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 5: 18 (1892), nom. illeg.

= Silene glareosa subsp. marginata Guarino & Pignatti; Fl. Ital. [Pignatti] 2: 172 (2017), no basionym cited.

= Silene inflata subsp. prostrata Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 164 (1828)

= Silene inflata var. angustissima (Nocca & Balb.) Caldesi; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11: 339 (1879)

= Silene inflata var. puberula Pau ex Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 282 (1893)

= Silene marginata f. hirtella Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 94: 142 (1917 publ. 1918)

= Silene marginata Kit.; Linnaea 32: 536 (1864), nom. illeg.

= Silene uniflora subsp. prostrata (Gaudin) Chater & Walters; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 103(3): 215 (1990)

= Silene venosa var. pubigera Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 160 (1900)

= Silene vulgaris subsp. prostrata (Gaudin) Schinz & Thell.; Fl. Schweiz [Schinz], ed. 4, 1: 791 (1923)

= Silene willdenowii subsp. prostrata (Gaudin) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1(1): 99 (1949)

= Silene willdenowii var. angustissima (Nocca & Balb.) Váczy; Contr. Bot. Univ. ´Babeş-Bolyai´ Cluj-Napoca 1979: 364 (1979)

species :

Silene goksuensis Budak, Hamzaoğlu & Koç; Phytotaxa 345(2): 171 (2018)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene goniocaula Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 31 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Bamyan)

34 AFG IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene commelinifolia var. eremicana (Stapf) Blakelock; Kew Bull. [12]: 211 (1957)

= Silene eremicana Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 17 (1886)

species :

Silene gonosperma (Rupr.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 7 (1967)

Distribution: Tajikistan; China (Gansu, Hebei, Qinghai, Shanxi, Xinjiang); Tibet; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim)

32 TZK 36 CHI TIB 40 IND

Remarks: Subgen. Gastrolychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis gonosperma (Rupr.) Czerep.; Vasc. Pl. Russia & Adj. States (former USSR) 166 (1995)

= Lychnis pumila Royle ex Benth.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 1: 80 (1834)

= Melandrium pumilum (Royle ex Benth.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 280 (1842)

= Physolychnis gonosperma Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 14(4): 41 (1869)

= Silene gonosperma var. robusta Bocquet; Candollea 22: 8 (1967)

species :

Silene goulimyi Turrill; Kew Bull. [10]: 353 (1955)

Distribution: S-Greece (S-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

species :

Silene gracilenta H.Chuang; Fl. Yunnan. 6: 217. Addenda 836 (1995)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene gracilicaulis C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2: 434-438, f. 5 (1980)

Distribution: China (Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene gracilicaulis var. rubescens (Franch.) C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2: 437 (1980)

= Silene sericata C.L.Tang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 24(5): 389-391, f. 2 (1986)

= Silene tenuis f. rubescens Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 425 (1886)

= Silene tenuis var. rubescens (Franch.) Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 7: 302 (1912)

species :

Silene gracilis DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 145 (1813)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Morocco; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Victoria [I])

12 POR SPA 20 MOR 21 CNY 50 aus

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene apetala var. lagascae Boiss.; Consp. Fl. Eur. 95 (1878), nomen

= Silene loeflingiana Bernh. ex Godr.; Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. Nancy 1847: 34 (1847)

= Silene longicaulis Pourr. ex Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 15 (1816)

= Silene longicaulis var. brachypoda Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 205 (1933)

species :

Silene gracillima Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 679 (1869 publ. 1870)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Remarks: Subgen. Lychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis gracillima (Rohrb.) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 2: 19 (1921)

= Lychnis stellarioides Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 18: 371 (1873)

= Lychnis ugoensis Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 7: 31 (1931), nomen

species :

Silene graeca Boiss. & Spruner; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 36 (1843)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (widespread mainland except S-Peloponnisos and NE-Greece, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl.)

13 ALB BUL GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene rubella Bory ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 94 (1869)

species :

Silene graminifolia Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 368 (1824)

Distribution: N-European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Nei Mongol, Xinjiang); ?Tibet; Mongolia

14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene graminifolia lusus elata Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 549 (1862)

= Silene graminifolia lusus odorata Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 550 (1862)

= Silene graminifolia lusus parviflora Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 550 (1862), nom. illeg.

= Silene graminifolia lusus vulgaris Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 550 (1862)

= Silene graminifolia var. baicalensis Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 67 (1858)

= Silene graminifolia var. lingiflora Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 551 (1862)

= Silene graminifolia var. longiflora Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 67 (1858)

= Silene graminifolia var. viscaginoides Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 65 (1858)

= Silene jeniseensis var. graminifolia (Otth) Y.C.Chu; Clav. Pl. Chin. Bor.-Or., ed. 2: 159 (1995)

= Silene jeniseensis var. viscifera Y.C.Chu; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 3: 71, 227, pl. 28, f. 11 (1975)

= Silene karkaralensis Dmitrieva & Popov; Fl. Kazakhst. 3: 373 435 (1960)

= Silene pubistyla L.H.Zhou; Fl. Xizang. 1: 734, f. 214: 7-11 (1983)

= Silene schischkinii Sobolevsk.; Sist. Zameski Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 20(1-2): 2 (1953), non (Popov) Vved. (1953)

= Silene stylosa Bunge; Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] Alt. 2: 19, t. 160 (1830)

species :

Silene grandiflora Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 427-428 (1886)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene grandiflora var. xerobatica W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 224 (1919)

= Melandrium grandiflorum (Franch.) Tsui; Iconogr. Cormophyt. Sin. 1: 639, f. 1277 (1972)

species :

Silene grayi S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 291 (1879)

Name: Gray´s catchfly

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene deflexa Eastw.; Bot. Gaz. 41: 284 (1906)

species :

Silene greenei (S.Watson ex B.L.Rob.) Howell; Fl. N.W. Amer. [Howell] 1: 76 (1897)

subspecies :

subsp. greenei

Name: Greene´s catchfly

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene campanulata S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 341 (1875), nom. illeg.

= Silene campanulata subsp. glandulosa C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 23 (1947)

= Silene campanulata subsp. greenei (S.Watson) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 24 (1947)

= Silene campanulata var. greenei S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 137 (1893)

= Silene campanulata var. latifolia F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 50 (1896)

= Silene campanulata var. orbiculata B.L.Rob.; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(1): 219 (1897)

= Silene campanulata var. petrophila Jeps.; Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 1: 504 (1915)

subspecies :

subsp. angustifolia (F.N.Williams) Rabeler & Gandhi; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 15(1): 58 (2021)

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene campanulata var. angustifolia F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 50 (1896)

species :

Silene greywilsonii Rajbh. & Mits.Suzuki; J. Jap. Bot. 82(5): 278 (2007)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Silene grisea Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 88 (1849)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel)

34 ISR LEB

species :

Silene grisebachii (Davidov) Pirker & Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 137 (1995)

Distribution: NE-Greece (coastal, Thasos, Samothraki, Limnos)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Pleconax grisebachii (Davidov) Holub; Preslia 70(2): 109 (1998)

= Pleconax subconica subsp. grisebachii (David) Šourková; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119(4-5): 580 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Silene subconica subsp. grisebachii (Davidov) Jordanov & Panov; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 3: 512 (1966)

= Silene subconica var. grisebachii Davidov; Trav. Soc. Bulg. Sci. Nat. 8: 52 (1915)

species :

Silene gubanovii Lazkov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 99(3): 94 (1994)

Distribution: China (Nei Mongol); Mongolia

36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene langshanensis L.Q.Zhao, Y.Z.Zhao & Z.M.Xin; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 53: 37 (2016)

species :

Silene guerbuezii Özçelik; Bio-Sci. Res. Bull. 18(2): 123, fig. 2 (2002)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene guichardii Chevassut & Quézel; Bull. Off. Nat. Anti-Acrid. 7: 5 (1956)

Distribution: S-Libya; N-Chad (Tibesti)

20 LBY 24 CHA

species :

Silene guinetii Quézel; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 44: 196 (1953)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Silene guntensis (B.Fedtsch.) B.Fedtsch. ex Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 672 (1936)

subspecies :

subsp. guntensis

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Wakhan, Badghys, Baghlan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Herat, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Kabul, Wardak, Paktia / Khost)

32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene apiculata Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 553, 658 (1968)

= Silene depressa var. guntensis B.Fedtsch.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 1: 119 (1902)

= Silene incanescens Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 554, 659 (1968)

= Silene kuschakewiczii var. apiculata (Ovcz.) Lazkov; Sem. Gvozd. (Caryophyllac.) Fl. Kyrgyzstana 93 (2006)

= Silene kuschakewiczii var. guntensis (B.Fedtsch.) Lazkov; Sem. Gvozd. (Caryophyllac.) Fl. Kyrgyzstana 92 (2006)

subspecies :

subsp. glabrescens Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 16: 540 (1980)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Baghlan, Balkh, Faryab, Takhar)

34 AFG

subspecies :

subsp. pistillaris Rech.f. & Melzh.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 163: 455 (1988)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Baghlan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Logar, Wardak, Paktia / Khost)

34 AFG

subspecies :

subsp. vallicola Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 16: 541 (1980)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Faryab, Ghorat, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Takhar)

34 AFG

species :

Silene gynodioica Ghaz.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 41: 106 (1983)

Distribution: Turkey; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene nodulosa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 31 (1843)

species :

Silene habaensis H.Chuang; Fl. Yunnan. 6: 837 (1995)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: status doubtful, unverified

species :

Silene hamzaoglui Budak; Turk. J. Bot. 35(3): 286 (2011)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene magenta Yıld. & Kiliç; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 24(2): 2 (2017)

species :

Silene haradjianii Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 22: 263 (1957)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene haumanii Bocquet; Candollea 22: 32 (1967)

Distribution: Bolivia; Argentina (Jujuy, Salta)

83 BOL 85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium friesii Hauman; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Bernardino Rivadavia 32: 180 (1923), nomen

variant :

var. densa Bocquet; Candollea 22: 33 (1967)

Distribution: Argentina (Jujuy)

85 ARG

species :

Silene haussknechtii Hausskn.; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2(1): (1889) 55, Hausskn. in Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 5: 51 (1895)

Distribution: NW-Greece (Grammos, Perister, Smolikas, Agrafa)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene sedoides subsp. haussknechtii (Hausskn.) Maire & Petitm,

= Silene tymphaea Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 34: 339 (1896)

species :

Silene hawaiiensis Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 36: 501 (1949), nom. nov.

Distribution: Hawaii (Hawaii Isl.)

63 HAW

Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare, USA Status: Threatened

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene struthioloides var. gracilis Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 33: 501 (1946)

species :

Silene hayekiana Hand.-Mazz. & Janch.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 55: 429 (1905)

Distribution: Austria; ?Italy; Slovenia; Croatia

11 AUT 13 CRO SLV

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene parnassica subsp. hayekiana (Hand.-Mazz. & Janch.) Stevan. & Niketić; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59(4): 394 (2007)

= Silene saxifraga subsp. hayekiana (Hand.-Mazz. & Janch.) Graebn. & P.Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(2): 134 (1920)

= Silene saxifraga var. hayekiana (Hand.-Mazz. & Janch.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 269 (1924)

species :

Silene heldreichii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: pl. (1849)

Distribution: Croatia; North Macedonia; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (Kerkyra, rare lowlands of NW-, C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

13 ALB CRO GRC NMA TUE 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene remotiflora Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 3: 166 (1852) (fide Strid 2024)

species :

Silene helleboriflora Exell & Bocquet; Candollea 17: 37 (1959)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Silene hellmannii Claus; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 8: 289 (1851)

Distribution: E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan

14 KRY RUS UKR 32 KAZ TKM

Remarks: otites agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites graniticola Klokov; Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 5(1): 21 (1948)

= Otites hellmannii (Claus) Klokov; Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 5(1): 22 (1948)

= Otites krymensis (Kleopow) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(4): 427 (1977), isonym

= Otites krymensis (Kleopow) Klokov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1974: 58 (1974): (1974)

= Silene graniticola (Klokov) Šourková; Preslia 49(1): 12 (1977)

= Silene krymensis Kleopow; Zhurn. Inst. Bot. Vseukraïns´k. Akad. Nauk 9: 115 (1936)

species :

Silene helmandica Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 16: 536 (1980)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Farah, Helmand, Kandahar)

34 AFG

species :

Silene herbilegorum (Bocquet) Lidén & Oxelman; Novon 11: 322. 2001

Distribution: China (Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene yetii var. herbilegorum Bocquet; Candollea 22(1): 5 (1967)

species :

Silene heterodonta F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 89 (1896)

subspecies :

subsp. heterodonta

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene cossoniana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 14: 132 (1923)

= Silene heterodonta subsp. parvula (Coss.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 152 (1963) (nom. inval.)

= Silene heterodonta var. cossoniana (Maire) Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 21-22: 6 (1930)

= Silene heterodonta var. thomsonii Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 21-22: 7 (1930)

= Silene parvula Coss.; Ill. Fl. Atlant. 1: 135 (1891) (non Jord. & Fourr. (1866))

subspecies :

subsp. platycalyx (Emb. & Maire) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 153 (1963)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene heterodonta var. platycalyx Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 21-22: 7 (1930)

subspecies :

subsp. rosella (Maire) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 153 (1963)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene cossoniana var. rosella Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 14: 132 (1923)

= Silene heterodonta var. rosella (Maire) Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 21-22: 71 929 (1930)

species :

Silene heuffelii Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 9: 429 (1963), nom. nov.

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania (E-Carpathians, N-Balkans); Bulgaria; NE-Greece

13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium nemorale (Rchb.) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 206 (1869)

= Lychnis nemoralis Heuff. ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 824

species :

Silene hicesiae Brullo & Signor.; Willdenowia 14: 141 (1984)

Distribution: Sicily (Aeolian Islands: Panarea, Alicudi)

13 SIC

Remarks: mollissima agg.

Conservation Status: IUCN CR, known only from two small volcanic islets

species :

Silene hidaka-alpina (Miyabe & Tatew.) Ohwi & Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 49(11): 345 (1974)

Distribution: Japan (Yezo)

38 JAP

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium hidaka-alpinum Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 15: 41 (1937)

species :

Silene hideakiohbae Rajbh. & Mits.Suzuki; J. Jap. Bot. 82(5): 275 (2007)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Silene hifacensis Rouy; Excurs. Bot. Espagne 10 (1883 publ. 1884) ex Willk., Intr. Fl. Hisp. 1: (1885?)150, et Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 282 (1893)

Distribution: E-Spain (Alicante); Baleares (Ibiza)

12 BAL SPA

Remarks: mollissima agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene hifacensis var. parvifolia Rouy ex Willk.; Ill. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm] 1: 150 (1885)

= Silene hifacensis var. pseudogibraltarica Rouy ex Willk.; Ill. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm] 1: 150 (1885)

= Silene hifacensis var. pseudovelutina Rouy ex Willk.; Ill. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm] 1: 150 (1885)

= Silene italica subsp. hifacensis (Rouy ex Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 38(1): 87 (1974)

= Silene velutina var. hifacensis (Rouy ex Willk.) Pau; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 3: 269 (1924)

variant :

var. pereirae P.P.Ferrer, Ferrando & E.Laguna; Bouteloua 28: 78 (2019)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

species :

Silene himalayensis (Rohrb.) Majumdar; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42: 648 (1963)

Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Kunar / Nuristan); China (Hebei, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan (Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Gilgit, Deosai, Baltistan); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)

32 TZK 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK

Remarks: Subgen. Lychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis apetala var. pallida Edgew. & Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1(2): 223 (1874)

= Lychnis himalayensis (Rohrb.) Edgew. & Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1(2): 223 (1874)

= Lychnis macrorhiza Royle ex Benth.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 1: 80 (1832)

= Lychnis madens Jacquem. ex Edgew. & Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 1: 223 (1874)

= Melandrium apertum Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 362 (1922)

= Melandrium apetalum var. himalayense Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 220 (1869)

= Melandrium apetalum var. pallidum (Edgew. & Hook.f.) L.H.Zhou; Fl. Xizang. 1: 714 (1983), without basionym ref.

= Melandrium himalayense (Rohrb.) Y.Z.Zhao; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Intramongol. 16(4): 585 (1985)

= Melandrium macrorhizum (Royle ex Benth.) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 228 (1869)

= Melandrium qomolangmaense Tsui & P.Ke ex L.H.Zhou; Fl. Xizang. 1: 713, f. 255: 1-5 (1983)

= Melandrium souliei F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 34: 429 (1899)

= Silene gonosperma subsp. himalayensis (Rohrb.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 8 (1967)

= Silene gonosperma var. pertica Bocquet; Candollea 22: 9 (1967)

= Silene himalayensis var. pertica (Bocquet) Rajbh. & Mitsuo Suzuki; Bull. Tohoku Univ. Mus. (Japan) 8: 21 (2008)

= Silene madens Majumdar; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42: 648 (1964), nom. nov. for Lychnis macrorhiza Royle ex Benth.

species :

Silene hirticalyx Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 104 (1888)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene hitchguirei Bocquet; Candollea 22: 29 (1967)

Name: Apetalous catchfly

Distribution: Canada (Alberta); USA (Colorado, Montana, Utah, Wyoming)

71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Remarks: sect. Physolychnis, uralensis agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis hitchguirei (Bocquet) W.A.Weber & R.C.Wittmann; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4(1): 213 (2010)

= Lychnis apetala A.Gray; Amer. J. Sci. Arts, Ser. 2, 33: 405 (1862), nom. illeg.

= Lychnis apetala subsp. montana (S.Watson) Maguire; Rhodora 52: 236 (1950)

= Lychnis apetala var. montana (S.Watson) C.L.Hitchc.; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L.Hitchcock et al.] 2: 274 (1964)

= Lychnis montana S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 247 (1877), not Silene montana Arrondeau 1863

= Melandrium apetalum subsp. montanum (S.Watson) H.Hara; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 42 (1952)

= Melandrium montanum (S.Watson) Tolm.; Trudy Bot. Muz. 24: 251 (1932)

= Silene apetala subsp. montana (S.Watson) McNeill

= Silene montana S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 343 (1875), nom. illeg.

= Silene uniflora var. montana (S.Watson) Kerguélen; Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 21: 51 (1986)

= Silene uralensis subsp. montana (S.Watson) McNeill; Canad. J. Bot. 56(3): 307 (1978)

= Silene wahlbergella subsp. montana (S.Watson) Hultén; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., Ser. 4, 13 (1): 326 (1971)

= Wahlbergella montana (S.Watson) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 318 (1912)

species :

Silene hoefftiana Fisch. ex C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. [C.A. von Meyer] 215 (1831)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe hoefftiana (Fisch. ex C.A.Mey.) Lazkov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 95(10): 1485 (2010)

= Petrocoma hoefftiana (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 15(2): 200 (1869)

= Petrocoma hoefftiana var. glabra Galushko; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 271 (1971)

= Petrocoma hoefftiana var. rosea Galushko; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 271 (1971)

species :

Silene holosteifolia Bocquet & Chater; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 55 (1979)

Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan

40 BHU NEP

species :

Silene holzmannii Heldr. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 91 (1888)

Distribution: Greece (around Gulf of Athens, Idra, Kiklades: Siros, Paros, Folegandros, Sikinos, Ios, Sirina, Zafora, Astakida); NE-Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Fourni, Lipsi, Leros, Kasos, Karpathos)

13 GRC KRI 34 EAI

Remarks: Subgen. Oberna, behen agg.

species :

Silene hookeri Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 1: 192 (1838)

subspecies :

subsp. hookeri

Name: Hooker´s silene

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium hookeri (Nutt.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 233 (1869)

= Silene hookeri subsp. pulverulenta (M.Peck) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 44 (1947)

= Silene ingramii Tidestr. & Dayton; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 42: 207 (1929)

= Silene pulverulenta M.Peck; Torreya 32: 148 (1932)

subspecies :

subsp. serpentinicola (T.W.Nelson & J.P.Nelson) K.L.Chambers & S.C.Meyers; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 621 (2011)

Name: Serpentine Indian pink

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene serpentinicola T.W.Nelson & J.P.Nelson; Madroño 51: 384, fig. 1 (2004)

species :

Silene huguettiae Bocq.; Candollea 22(1): 5-6 (1967)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium huguettiae (Bocquet) Y.S.Lian; Fl. Gansu (2005)

variant :

var. pilosa C.Y.Wu & H.Chuang; Fl. Yunnan. 6: 207, Addenda 836 (1995)

Distribution: China (Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

species :

Silene humilis C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. [C.A. von Meyer] 215 (1831)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Silene huochenensis X.M.Pi & X.L.Pan; J. Xinjiang Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 8(1): 72 (1991)

Distribution: China (Xinjiang)

36 CHI

Remarks: status doubtful

species :

Silene hupehensis C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(4): 438-439 (1980)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene hupehensis var. pubescens C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2: 438 (1980)

= Silene linearifolia Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 22: 284 (1915), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene hussonii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 76 (1849)

Distribution: Israel (N-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); NW-Saudi Arabia

34 ISR SIN 35 SAU

species :

Silene iberica M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 335 (1808), et ex Schischk. in Bull. Mus. Georgie, 1920-2 1: 5 (1922), descr. emend.

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey; NW-Iran

33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene racemosa var. iberica (M.Bieb.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 589 (1867)

= Silene thirkeana K.Koch; Linnaea 19: 56 (1847), et ex Schischk.,

species :

Silene ibosii Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 17: 22 (1928)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene grosiana Pau & Font Quer; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. 1928: n 91 (1929) [in sched.]

= Silene grosii Pau & Font Quer ex Maire; Cavanillesia 3: 50 (1930)

= Silene ibosii subsp. grosiana (Pau & Font Quer) Fern.Casas; Fontqueria 1: 9 (1982)

= Silene ibosii var. grosiana (Pau & Font Quer) Maire; Cavanillesia 3: 50 (1930)

= Silene pseudoatocion var. ibosii (Emb. & Maire) Pau & Font Quer; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. 1927, no. 186, in sched. (1928)

species :

Silene ichnusae Brullo, De Marco & De Marco f.; Nordic J. Bot. 17(2): 161 (1997)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

species :

Silene ikonnikovii Lazkov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(7): 109 (1996)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus (Daghestan)

33 NCS

species :

Silene imbricata Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 349 (1798)

Distribution: ?Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG

species :

Silene inaperta L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 419 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. inaperta

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; France; Corsica; Italy; Morocco; Algeria; Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife)

11 ger 12 COR FRA POR SPA 13 ITA 20 ALG MOR 21 CNY MDR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus inapertus (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 31 (1779)

= Leptosilene inaperta (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 344 (1868)

= Lychnis inaperta (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 309 (1771)

= Silene filiformis Lowe; Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 6: 549 (1838)

= Silene inaperta subsp. murcica Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1928: no. 6719 (1929)

= Silene inaperta var. aragonensis Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 1: 21 (1887)

= Silene inaperta var. scabra Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 134 (1896)

= Silene polyphylla Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3(2): 609 (1789) non L.

= Silene portensis var. vilipensa (Kunze) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 95 (1878)

= Silene scabra Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 4: 614 (1841), nom. illeg.

= Silene stenophylla Dufour; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 240 (1860), nom. illeg.

= Silene vilis Kunze ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 95 (1878), nom. inval.

subspecies :

subsp. serpentinicola Talavera; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 45(1): 361 (1988)

Distribution: S-Spain (Malaga)

12 SPA

species :

Silene incisa C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2: 428-429, f. 1 (1980)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene inclinata Hub.-Mor.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 28: 4 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene incurvifolia Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 14: 391 (1841)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; China (S-Xinjiang)

30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene litigiosa Schrenk; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 2: 198 (1844)

= Silene tarbagataica Krylov; Izv. Imp. Tomsk. Univ. 4: 60 (1891)

species :

Silene indeprensa Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 659 (1936), rossice, et Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 178 (1937), latine

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran)

32 TKM 34 IRN

species :

Silene indica Roxb.; [Hort. Bengal. 34 (1814), nomen] ex Otth in Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 368 (1824)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Pakistan (Chitral, Kurram, Hazara, Murree, Azad Kashmir); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Myanmar

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis ciliata Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 19, no. 621 (1829), nomen

= Lychnis eriostemon Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 19, no. 620 (1829), nomen

= Lychnis indica (Roxb. ex Otth) Benth.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 81 (1834)

= Lychnis indica var. fimbriata Edgew. & Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 1: 225 (1874)

= Lychnis nutans Benth.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 80 (1834), nom. illeg., non Silene nutans L. (1753)

= Melandrium fimbriatum Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 280 (1842)

= Melandrium indicum (Roxb. ex Otth) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 280 (1842)

= Silene thomsonii Majumdar; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42: 650 (1964)

variant :

var. bhutanica (W.W.Sm.) Bocquet; Candollea 22(1): 13 (1967)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis bhutanica W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 51 (1917)

= Silene bhutanica (W.W.Sm.) Majumdar; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42: 649 (1963)

species :

Silene insularis Barbey; Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat. 21: 220 (1886)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Karpathos: Mt. Kali Limni)

34 EAI

species :

Silene integripetala Bory & Chaub.; Expéd. Sci. Morée, Bot. 123 (1832)

subspecies :

subsp. integripetala

Distribution: S-Greece (C- & S-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

subspecies :

subsp. elaphonesiaca Oxelman; Willdenowia 25(1): 165 (1995)

Distribution: S-Greece (Elafonisi Isl.)

13 GRC

subspecies :

subsp. greuteri (Phitos) Akeroyd; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 97(4): 341 (1988)

Distribution: C-Crete

13 KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene greuteri Phitos; Bot. Chron. (Patras) 2(1): 53 (1982)

subspecies :

subsp. lidenii Oxelman; Willdenowia 25(1): 167 (1995)

Distribution: NW-Crete

Error

species :

Silene intramongolica Lazkov; Komarovia 1: 42 (1999)

Distribution: Mongolia

37 MON

species :

Silene intricata Post; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 154 (1895)

Distribution: Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)

34 SYR

species :

Silene invisa C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 31 (1947)

Name: Red fir catchfly

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Silene involucrata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 22 (1967)

subspecies :

subsp. involucrata

Name: Arctic catchfly

Distribution: Norway; Sweden; Finland; N-European Russia; Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Magadan); Alaska; Greenland; Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, Labrador, N. W. T., Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Yukon)

10 FIN NOR SWE 14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN

Remarks: sect. Physolychnis, involucrata agg., polyploid derived from uralensis agg. x ajanensis agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma involucratum (Cham. & Schltdl.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 416 (1831)

= Gastrolychnis affinis (J.Vahl ex Fr.) Tolm. & Kozhanzhikov; Arktichesk. Fl. S.S.S.R. 6: 111 (1971)

= Gastrolychnis angustiflora (Rupr.) Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 2: 24 (1845)

= Gastrolychnis involucrata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 128(4): 510 (1975 publ.1976)

= Gastrolychnis involucrata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 2: 24 (1845)

= Gastrolychnis involucrata subsp. elatior (Regel) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 128: 610 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Gastrolychnis vahlii Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 2: 24 (1845)

= Lychnis affinis J.Vahl ex Fr.; Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 3(3): 36 (1842)

= Lychnis affinis var. angustiflora Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 565 (1862), nom. inval.

= Lychnis apetala var. elatior Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(4): 573 (1862)

= Lychnis apetala var. involucrata Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 1: 43 (1826)

= Lychnis brachycalyx Raup; Sargentia 6: 173 (1947)

= Lychnis furcata (Raf.) Fernald; Rhodora 34: 22 (1932)

= Lychnis furcata subsp. affinis (J.Vahl ex Fr.) Maguire; Rhodora 52: 238 (1950)

= Lychnis furcata subsp. elatior (Regel) Maguire; Rhodora 52: 240 (1950)

= Lychnis gillettii B.Boivin; Canad. Field-Naturalist 65: 6 (1951)

= Lychnis intermedia Nasarow; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 32: 338 (1924), nomen

= Lychnis triflora Hornem.; Fl. Dan. [Oeder et al.] 13: t. 2173 (1836), nom. illeg.

= Lychnis triflora var. elatior (Regel) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 643 (1966)

= Melandrium affine (J.Vahl ex Fr.) J.Vahl; Fl. Dan. [Oeder et al.] 14(40): 5 (1843)

= Melandrium affine subsp. angustiflorum (Rupr.) Tolm.; Trudy Bot. Muz. 23: 258 (1932)

= Melandrium affine var. brachycalyx (Raup) Hultén; Ark. Bot., a. s. 7(1): 55 (1967 publ. 1968)

= Melandrium angustiflorum (Rupr.) Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1(1): 93 (1848)

= Melandrium brachycalyx Raup

= Melandrium furcatum (Raf.) Hadač; Stud. Bot. Čech. 5: 3 (1942), et Norges Svalb.- og Ishavs-Untersek., Oslo, Skrift. No. 87, 34 (1944)

= Melandrium furcatum subsp. angustiflorum (Rupr.) Hultén

= Melandrium gillettii (B.Boivin) Ritchie; Canad. J. Bot. 34: 298 (1956)

= Melandrium involucratum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 216 (1869)

= Melandrium vahlii Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1(1): 93 (1848)

= Silene furcata Raf.; Autik. Bot. 28 (1840), nom. dub.

= Silene furcata subsp. angustiflora (Rupr.) Walters; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 69: 46 (1964)

= Silene involucrata f. glabra (Hultén) Bocquet; Candollea 24: 29 (1969)

= Silene involucrata subsp. angustiflora (Rupr.) Hultén; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., Ser. 4, 13(1): 313 (1971)

= Silene involucrata subsp. elatior (Regel) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 24 (1967)

= Silene involucrata subsp. furcata (Raf.) V.V.Petrovsky & Elven; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1): 436 (2008)

= Wahlbergella affinis Fr.; Bot. Not. 1843: 143 (1843)

= Wahlbergella angustiflora Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 2: 24 (1845)

= Wahlbergella involucrata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 2: 24 (1845)

= Wahlbergella vahlii (Walp.) Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 2: 24 (1845)

subspecies :

subsp. tenella (Tolm.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 24 (1967)

Name: Peel River catchfly

Distribution: Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Manitoba, N. W. T., Nunavut, Ontario, Yukon)

30 SIB 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis angustiflora subsp. tenella (Tolm.) Tolm. & Kozhanch.; Arktichesk. Fl. S.S.S.R. 6: 110 (1971)

= Gastrolychnis involucrata subsp. tenella (Tolm.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 128(4): 510 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Gastrolychnis tenella (Tolm.) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66(7): 949 (1981)

= Gastrolychnis tenella (Tolm.) V.V.Petrovsky; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 72(12): 1618 (1987), isonym

= Lychnis furcata var. glabra (Hultén) Maguire; Rhodora 52: 240 (1950)

= Lychnis tayloriae B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 150 (1893)

= Lychnis triflora f. glabra (Hultén) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 644 (1966)

= Melandrium affine subsp. tenellum Tolm.; Trudy Bot. Muz. 24: 258, fig. 4 (1932)

= Melandrium angustiflorum subsp. tenellum (Tolm.) Kozhevn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 238 (1981)

= Melandrium tayloriae (B.L.Rob.) Tolm.; Trudy Bot. Muz. 24: 267 (1932)

= Melandrium tayloriae var. glabrum Hultén; Acta Univ. Lund., Ser. 2, 40(1): 705 (1944)

= Melandrium tenellum (Tolm.) Tolm.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 721 (1936)

= Silene tayloriae (B.L.Rob.) Hultén; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., Ser. 4, 13 (1): 313 (1971), as ´taylorae´

= Wahlbergella tayloriae (B.L.Rob.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 318 (1912)

species :

Silene ionica Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 158 (1900)

Distribution: W-Greece (W-Epirus, Kefalonia)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Oberna, fabaria agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Oberna ionica (Halácsy) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 15: 148 (1979)

species :

Silene isabellae Selvi & Bianchi; PhytoKeys 227: 123-134 (2023)

Distribution: C-Albania

13 ALB

Remarks: vallesia agg.

species :

Silene isaurica Contandr. & Quézel; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 123: 415 (1976)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: Status uncertain, otites agg.

species :

Silene ispartensis Ghaz.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 41: 97, f. 1 (1983)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene italica (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 498 (1805)

subspecies :

subsp. italica

Name: Italienisches Leinkraut (DE), Italian catchfly (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Spain; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. many islands, but rare Kiklades, excl. C- & S-Peloponnisos); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; ?Tunisia; Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Kalimnos, Kos, Tilos, Simi); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Cyprus (SW-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (N-Israel)

11 AUT ger POL SWI 12 COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD UKR 32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN ISR LEB SYR TUR

Remarks: italica agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus catholicus Ficinus; Fl. Dresden 1: 313 (1808) non L.

= Cucubalus clavicarpus Schult.; Observ. Bot. [Schultes] 81 (1809)

= Cucubalus floccosus Ficinus; Fl. Dresden 1: 313 (1808)

= Cucubalus italicus L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1030 (1759)

= Cucubalus italicus var. pilosus Waldst. & Kit. ex Trevir.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1818: 3 (1818)

= Cucubalus mollissimus Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 277 (1807), nom. illeg.

= Cucubalus pilosus Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 411 (1825)

= Cucubalus silenoides Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3: 614 (1789)

= Otites nemoralis Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 71 (1852)

= Silene bassanensis Sternb.; Reise Rhaet. Alp. 40 (1806)

= Silene buglossifolia Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 32: no. 44 (1816)

= Silene caesia Jan; Elench. Pl. [Jan] 7 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Silene cana Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 382 (1824)

= Silene catholica (Ficinus) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 665 (1874)

= Silene clavaecarpa Rochel ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 220 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene clavicarpa Hornem. ex Colla; Herb. Pedem. 1: 331 (1833)

= Silene fistulosa G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 405 (1831)

= Silene italica f. davidovii Panov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 27(11): 1569 (1974)

= Silene italica var. mollissimus DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 605 (1815)

= Silene italica var. strandjensis Panov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 27(11): 1569 (1974)

= Silene italica var. suffruticulosa Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 184 (1900)

= Silene livida Wierzb. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 219 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene nebrodensis Jan ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 219 (1869)

= Silene ocimoides Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 184 (1829)

= Silene paniculata Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 382 (1824)

= Silene papillifolia F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 91 (1896)

= Silene patens Peete; Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2748 (1832)

= Silene pedicellata Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 5: 150 (1817)

= Silene pilosa (Hornem.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 411 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Silene sicula C.Presl; Fl. Sicul. [Presl] 155 (1826), nom. illeg.

= Silene viscosa Schleich.; Cat. Pl. Helv. 33 (1800), nom. inval.

= Silene viscosissima Rochel ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 220 (1869), nom. inval.

= Viscago clavata Moench; Methodus [Moench] 704 (1794)

= Viscago italica (L.) Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 2: 410 (1815)

= Viscago pilosa (Willd.) Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 2: 410 (1815)

subspecies :

subsp. peloponnesiaca Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 110 (1995)

Distribution: Greece (C- & S-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

subspecies :

subsp. sicula (Ucria) Jeanm.; Willdenowia 14: 46 (1984)

Distribution: Italy; Sicily

13 ITA SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene italica var. montana Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 504 (1827)

= Silene italica var. sicula (Ucria) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 93 (1882), nom. superfl.

= Silene sicula Ucria; Nuov. Racc. Opusc. Aut. Sicil. 6: 251 (1793) (basion.)

species :

Silene jailensis N.I.Rubtzov; Byull. Gosud. Nikitsk. Bot. Sada 2(24): 5 (1974)

Distribution: Crimea

14 KRY

species :

Silene jaxartica Pavlov; Vĕstn. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R., No. 4 (73) 89 (1951)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

species :

Silene jeniseensis Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 1: 473 (1809)

subspecies :

subsp. jeniseensis

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene dasyphylla Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 577 (1842)

= Silene fasciculata Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 129, nomen, et Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 269 (1914) (1913), descr.

= Silene graminifolia f. parviflora (Fenzl) Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 68 (1858)

= Silene graminifolia f. setifolia (Turcz.) Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 67 (1858)

= Silene graminifolia f. vulgaris (Turcz.) Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 68 (1858)

= Silene graminifolia lusus setifolia (Turcz.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 550 (1862)

= Silene graminifolia var. dasyphylla (Turcz.) Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 69 (1858)

= Silene graminifolia var. parviflora Fenzl; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 308 (1842)

= Silene guilelmi-waldemarii Klotzsch; Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke] 140 (1862)

= Silene hallasanensis M.Kim & H.Jo; Korean Endemic Pl. 127 (2017), nom. nov. for S. fasciculata Nakai

= Silene iche-bogdo Grubov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 13 (1955)

= Silene jenisea Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 5: 154 (1817), nom. superfl.

= Silene jenisea var. intermedia Turcz.; Fl. Baical.-dahur. 1: 204 (1842)

= Silene jenisea var. multiflora Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 53 (1859)

= Silene jenisea var. parviflora (Fenzl) Turcz.; Fl. Baical.-dahur. 1: 201 (1842)

= Silene jenisea var. parviflora Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 575 (1842)

= Silene jenisea var. setifolia Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 576 (1842)

= Silene jenisea var. vulgaris Turcz.; Fl. Baical.-dahur. 1: 205 (1842)

= Silene jeniseensis f. parviflora (Turcz.) Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 628 (1936)

= Silene jeniseensis f. setifolia (Turcz.) Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 628 (1936)

= Silene jeniseensis var. dasyphylla (Turcz.) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 273 (1979)

= Silene jeniseensis var. dentata Tsui & L.H.Zhou; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 1980(9): 58 (1980)

= Silene jeniseensis var. kodarensis Peschkova; Fl. Centr. Sibiri 1: 326 (1979)

= Silene jeniseensis var. oliganthella (Nakai ex Kitag.) Y.C.Chu; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 3: 71, t. 28, f. 11 (1975)

= Silene jenissea Stephan ex Bunge; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 544 (1835), nom. illeg.

= Silene oliganthella Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 15: 526 (1939)

= Silene parviflora Turcz. ex Besser; Flora 17(1. Beibl.): 8 (1831)

= Silene pauciflora Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 32 (1918), nom. illeg.

= Silene setifolia Turcz. ex Besser; Flora 17(1. Beibl.): 8 (1834)

= Silene tenuis subsp. iche-bogdo (Grubov) Kozhevn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22: 110 (1985)

= Silene tenuis Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 575 (1842), nom. illeg.

= Silene tenuis var. jenissea Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 187 (1868)

= Silene tuvinica Sobolevsk.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 1953(1-2): 3 (1953)

= Silene viscaginoides Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 368 (1824), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. popovii Zuev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 95(1): 99 (1990)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Yakutia)

30 SIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene jeniseensis var. vegetior Popov; Konspekt Fl. Pober. Baikal 213 (1966)

= Silene vegetior (Popov) Chepinoga; Botanica Pacifica 12(2): 122 (2023)

species :

Silene jiningensis Y.Z.Zhao & Z.Y.Chu; Classific. Florist. Ecol. Geogr. Distrib. Vasc. Pl. Inner Mongolia 145 (2012)

Distribution: China (Nei Mongol)

36 CHI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Silene joerstadii Wendelbo; Nyt Mag. Naturvidensk. 1: 28 (1952)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); N-Pakistan (Chitral, Kurram)

34 AFG 40 PAK

species :

Silene jugora (F.N.Williams) Majumdar; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 15: 39 (1973 publ. 1976)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal

36 TIB 40 NEP

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene jugorum (F.N.Williams) Bocquet & Chater; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 56 (1979), isonym

= Melandrium jugorum F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 406 (1909)

species :

Silene julaensis Grierson; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42(1): 109 (1984)

Distribution: Bhutan

40 BHU

species :

Silene karaczukuri B.Fedtsch.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 28: 469 (1909), et Key Pl. Envir. Tashkent, ed. Popov, 113 (1924)

Distribution: Tajikistan; China (SW-Xinjiang)

32 TZK 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene caucasica var. pamirensis H.J.P.Winkl.; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 6, 3: 47 (1902)

= Silene pamirensis (H.J.P.Winkl.) Preobr. ex Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 671 (1936), rossice

species :

Silene karajensis Assadi; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 168: 788 (2023)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Silene karakotchanensis Yıld. & Kiliç; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 26(2): 69 (2019)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene karekirii Bocquet; Candollea 22(1): 10 (1967)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; China (W-Xinjiang)

32 KAZ 36 CHI

Remarks: Subgen. Gastrolychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis sordida (Kar. & Kir.) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 161 (1981)

= Lychnis sordida Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 170 (1842)

= Melandrium sordidum (Kar. & Kir.) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 233 (1869 publ. 1870)

= Melandrium verrucosoalatum Y.Z.Zhao & P.Ma; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27(3): 227 (1989)

= Wahlbergella sordida (Kar. & Kir.) Tolm.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 715 (1936)

species :

Silene keiskei Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 77 (1865)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium keiskei (Miq.) Ohwi; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 656 (1936)

form :

f. minor Takeda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 63 (1910)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium keiskei var. minus (Takeda) Takeda; Alp. Fl. Japan, t. 15 (1938)

= Silene keiskei var. minor (Takeda) Ohwi & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 49: 344 (1974)

form :

f. procumbens (Takeda) Ohwi & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 49(11): 345 (1974)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene keiskei var. procumbens Takeda; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 236 (1915)

form :

f. albescens (Takeda) H.Ohashi, Tateishi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 72(4): 197 (1997)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium keiskei f. albescens (Takeda) Honda; Nom. Pl. Japonic. 510 (1939)

= Silene keiskei lusus albescens Takeda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 63 (1910)

species :

Silene kemahensis Aytaç & Kandemir; Bagbahçe Bilim Derg. 2(1): 37 (2015)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene kemoniana C.Brullo, Brullo, Giusso, Ilardi & Sciandr.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 69(2): 209 (2012)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

species :

Silene kenyana F.Jafari, Oxelman & Rabeler; Taxon 69(2): 357 (2020), nom. nov.

Distribution: Kenya; E-Tanzania

25 KEN TAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis crassifolia (T.C.E.Fr.) M.Popp; Novon 18(1): 99 (2008)

= Uebelinia crassifolia T.C.E.Fr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 91 (1923)

species :

Silene kermanensis Bornm.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 121 (1905)

Distribution: Iran (S-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene kerneri Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 17 (1886)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene khasiana Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 258 (1870)

Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; +India (+Meghalaya)

36 TIB 40 IND NEP

species :

Silene kialensis (F.N.Williams) Lidén & Oxelman; Novon 11: 322. 2001

Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis kialensis (F.N.Williams) H.Lév.; Cat. Ill. Alph. Pl. Setch. 24 (1918)

= Melandrium kialense F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 34: 432 (1899)

= Silene nepalensis var. kialensis (F.N.Williams) C.L.Tang; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 26: 328 (1996)

species :

Silene kigesiensis (R.D.Good) F.Jafari, Oxelman & Rabeler; Taxon 69(2): 357 (2020)

subspecies :

subsp. kigesiensis

Distribution: Rwanda; Ethiopia; Uganda

23 RWA 24 ETH 25 UGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Uebelinia kigesiensis R.D.Good; J. Bot. 62: 332 (1924)

= Lychnis kigesiensis (R.D.Good) M.Popp; Novon 18(1): 99 (2008)

subspecies :

subsp. ragazziana (Ousted) F.Jafari, Oxelman & Rabeler; Taxon 69(2): 357 (2020)

Distribution: Ethiopia

24 ETH

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis kigesiensis subsp. ragazziana (Ousted) M.Popp; Novon 18(1): 99 (2008)

= Uebelinia kigesiensis subsp. ragazziana Ousted; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55(3-4): 446 (1985)

species :

Silene kingii (S.Watson) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 29 (1967)

Name: King´s campion

Distribution: USA (Colorado, Utah, Wyoming)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis kingii (S.Watson) W.A.Weber; Phytologia 51(6): 374 (1982)

= Lychnis apetala var. kingii (S.Watson) S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 46(2): 255 (1986)

= Lychnis kingii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 247 (1877)

= Melandrium kingii (S.Watson) Tolm.; Trudy Bot. Muz. 24: 251 (1932)

= Wahlbergella kingii (S.Watson) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 319 (1912)

species :

Silene kiusiana (Makino) H.Ohashi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 77(5): 269 (1996)

Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Kyushu)

38 JAP KOR

Remarks: Subgen. Lychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis kiusiana Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 57 (1903)

species :

Silene kiwuensis (T.C.E.Fr.) F.Jafari, Oxelman & Rabeler; Taxon 69(2): 357 (2020)

subspecies :

subsp. kiwuensis

Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Uganda

23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 ETH 25 UGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis kiwuensis (T.C.E.Fr.) M.Popp; Novon 18(1): 99 (2008)

= Uebelinia kiwuensis T.C.E.Fr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 90 (1923)

subspecies :

subsp. erlangeriana (Engl.) F.Jafari, Oxelman & Rabeler; Taxon 69(2): 357 (2020)

Distribution: Ethiopia

24 ETH

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis kiwuensis subsp. erlangeriana (Engl.) M.Popp; Novon 18(1): 99 (2008)

= Uebelinia erlangeriana (Engl.) T.C.E.Fr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 89 (1923)

= Uebelinia kiwuensis subsp. erlangeriana (Engl.) Ousted; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55(3-4): 457 (1985)

= Uebelinia rotundifolia var. erlangeriana Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 381 (1912)

species :

Silene klokovii Knjaz.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 41: 82 (2009)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia)

30 SIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites jenissensis Klokov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1974: 59 (1974)

species :

Silene koelzii Rech.f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 352 (1951)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene konuralpii Fırat & K.Yıldız; Phytotaxa 288(3): 215 (2016)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene koreana Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 18: 440 (1900)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin); North Korea; South Korea

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO

species :

Silene korshinskyi Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 673, 889 (1936)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK

species :

Silene koycegizensis Dönmez & Vural; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 39(2): 154 (2002)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene krantzii Stoughton; Calif. Fish Game 100(1): 139, figs 1-4 (2014)

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Silene kremeri Soy.-Will. & Godr.; Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. Nancy 1850: 165 (1851)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

species :

Silene kubanensis Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13: 37 (1895)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Silene kucukodukii Bağcı & Uysal; Nordic J. Bot. 25(5-6): 306 (2008)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene kudrjaschevii Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 644, 888 (1936)

Distribution: Uzbekistan

32 UZB

species :

Silene kulabensis B.Fedtsch.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 14: 2 (1908)

Distribution: Turkmenistan

32 TKM

species :

Silene kumaonensis F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 43 (1896)

Distribution: Nepal; India (Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP

species :

Silene kunawurensis Royle ex Benth.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 79 (1834)

Distribution: Pakistan (Chitral, Swat, Astor, Nanga Parbat, Gilgit); India (Himachal Pradesh)

40 IND PAK

species :

Silene kungessana B.Fedtsch.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 14: 2 (1908)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene pseudotenuis Schischk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R., reimpr. 6(3): 6 (1926)

species :

Silene kurdistanica Maroofi & Attar; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 60(1): 127 (2023)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Silene kuschakewiczii Regel & Schmalh.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 246 (1877)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Baghlan, Balkh, Kabul)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene excedens Bondarenko & Vved.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 2: 324 (1971)

= Silene guntensis subsp. eglandulosa Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 16: 541 (1980)

= Silene hispidula Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 564, 662 (1968)

= Silene kuhistanica Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 558, 660 (1968) p. p. incl. typo

species :

Silene lacera (Steven) Sims; Bot. Mag. t. 2255 (1821)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Behenantha lacera (Steven) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 12: 200 (1975)

= Cucubalus lacerus Steven; Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 3: 262 (1812)

= Melandrium lacerum (Steven) F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 188 (1896)

= Oberna lacera (Steven) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 120 (1976)

species :

Silene laciniata Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 6: 44. t. 564 (1801)

subspecies :

subsp. laciniata

Name: Cardinal catchfly

Distribution: USA (California, Californian Channel Isl.); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas)

76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma pulchra (Willd.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 417 (1831)

= Lychnis pulchra Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 81 (1841)

= Melandrium allamanii Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 231 (1869)

= Melandrium laciniatum (Cav.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 233, 234 (1869)

= Melandrium pulchrum (Torr. & A.Gray) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 232 (1869)

= Silene allamanii Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 379 (1824)

= Silene laciniata subsp. brandegeei C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 56, fig. 49b (1947)

= Silene laciniata subsp. major C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 55 (1947)

= Silene laciniata var. angustifolia C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 56 (1947)

= Silene laciniata var. latifolia C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 56 (1947)

= Silene mexicana Moc. & Sessé; Naturaleza (Mexico City), Ser. 2, 1(App.): 72 (1888)

= Silene mexicana Moc. & Sessé ex Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 379 (1824)

= Silene mocinoana Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 382 (1824)

= Silene pulchra (Willd.) Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 1: 675 (1840)

= Silene simulans Greene; Pittonia 1: 63 (1887)

= Silene speciosa Paxton; Paxton´s Mag. Bot. 10: 219 (1843)

subspecies :

subsp. californica (Durand) J.K.Morton; Sida 21: 888 (2004)

Name: Indian pink

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon); Mexico

73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium californicum (Durand) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 252 (1869 publ. 1870)

= Silene californica Durand; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 3: 83 (1855)

= Silene californica var. miniata Durand; Pl. Pratten. Calif. [Durand] 84 (1855)

= Silene californica var. subcordata B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 136 (1893)

= Silene laciniata var. californica (Durand) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 341 (1857)

= Silene tilingii Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 1: 99 (1871)

subspecies :

subsp. greggii (A.Gray) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Revis. N. Amer. Silene 56 (1947)

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Sonora, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Guanajuato, Queretaro, Hidalgo, Jalisco)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium greggii (A.Gray) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 256 (1869 publ. 1870)

= Melandrium laciniatum var. greggii (A.Gray) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 232 (1868)

= Silene greggii A.Gray; Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 17 (1853)

= Silene laciniata var. greggii (A.Gray) S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 341 (1875)

species :

Silene laconica Boiss. & Orph.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 34 (1859)

Distribution: S-Greece (E-Peloponnisos: Parnon Oros)

13 GRC

species :

Silene ladyginae Lazkov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 29: 67 (1993)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan

32 KGZ

species :

Silene laevigata Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 295 (1809)

Distribution: Cyprus (C-Mountains)

34 CYP

species :

Silene lagenocalyx Fenzl ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 587 (1867)

Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene lagenocalyx var. purpurea Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 588 (1867)

species :

Silene lagunensis Chr.P.Sm. ex Link; Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 154 (1825)

Name: Laguna-Leimkraut (DE); Canutillo de Anaga (ES)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)

21 CNY

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene lagunensis Chr.P.Sm. ex Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 101 (1888)

species :

Silene lamarum C.Y.Wu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4(2): 153-154 (1982)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene lanceolata A.Gray; U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 15(1): 111 (1854)

Distribution: Hawaii (+Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, +Lanai, Hawaii Isl.)

63 HAW

Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene lanceolata var. angustifolia Hillebr.; Fl. Hawaiian Isl. [Hillebrand] 28 (1888)

= Silene lanceolata var. forbesii Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 33: 502 (1946)

= Silene lanceolata var. hillebrandii Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 33: 502 (1946)

species :

Silene lasiantha K.Koch; Linnaea 15: 712 (1841)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iran

33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene asperifolia Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 97 (1895)

= Silene marschallii subsp. sahendica (Boiss. & Buhse) Melzh.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 163: 388 (1988)

= Silene olympica subsp. lasiantha (K.Koch) Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 254 (1957)

= Silene olympica var. stenophylla Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 610 (1867)

= Silene sahendica Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 38 (1860)

= Silene sahendica var. pubescens Bornm.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 117 (1905)

species :

Silene latifolia Poir.; Voy. Barbarie 2: 165 (1789)

subspecies :

subsp. latifolia

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); China (Xinjiang); Mongolia

11 ger 12 ADO COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA SIC SRB TUE 14 KRY 20 ALG MOR TUN 32 KAZ tkm 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ LEB TUR 36 CHI 37 MON

Remarks: some of the listed distribution might belong to subsp. alba

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis alba subsp. divaricata (Rchb.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 95 (1882)

= Lychnis dioica subsp. macrocarpa (Boiss.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 45 (1894)

= Lychnis dioica var. nana Hook.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 366 (1825)

= Lychnis divaricata Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 4: 3 (1826)

= Lychnis loveae B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 643 (1966)

= Lychnis macrocarpa Boiss. & Reut.; Biblioth. Universelle Rev. Suisse, n. s. 38: 200 (1842)

= Lychnis vespertina Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 95 (1839)

= Melandrium album proles macrocarpum (Boiss. & Reut.) Samp.; Man. Fl. Port. 302 (1911)

= Melandrium album subsp. divaricatum (Rchb.) Grande; Bull. Orto Bot. Regia Univ. Napoli 3: 209 (1913)

= Melandrium album var. crassifolium (Lange) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 214 (1913)

= Melandrium album var. latifolium Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 214 (1913)

= Melandrium album var. marizianum (Gand.) Samp.; Man. Fl. Port. 302 (1911)

= Melandrium boissieri Schischk.; Fl. Tifl. [Grossheim et al.] 205 (1925)

= Melandrium dioicum subsp. divaricatum (Rchb.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Lagascalia 4(1): 15 (1974)

= Melandrium divaricatum (Rchb.) Fenzl; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 328 (1842)

= Melandrium divaricatum var. crassifolium (Rouy & Foucaud) Samp.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Oporto) 10: 20 (1906)

= Melandrium latifolium (Poir.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 211 (1936)

= Melandrium macrocarpum (Boiss. & Reut.) Willk.; Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 1: 28 (1853)

= Melandrium macrocarpum proles catalaunicum Sennen; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 15: 224 (1916)

= Melandrium macrocarpum var. crassifolium Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 96 (1896)

= Melandrium macrocarpum var. trachyodon Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 14: 136 (1915)

= Melandrium marizianum Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: 106 (1909)

= Melandrium pratense var. crassifolium (Lange) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 642 (1878)

= Melandrium stenocarpum Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 14: 136 (1915)

= Melandrium vespertinum var. crassifolium Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan. 4: 115 (1865)

= Silene alba subsp. divaricata (Rchb.) Walters; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 69: 48 (1964)

= Silene alba subsp. mariziana (Gand.) Franco; Nov. Fl. Portugal 1: 550 (1971)

= Silene alba var. rothmaleriana P.Silva; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2A, 60: 153 (1987)

= Silene latifolia subsp. mariziana (Gand.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 189 (1982)

= Silene macrocarpa (Boiss. & Reut.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, Abbild., 5: 99 (1901), nom. illeg.

= Silene pratensis proles divaricata (Rchb.) Samp.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 24: 25 (1909)

= Silene pratensis subsp. divaricata (Rchb.) McNeill & H.C.Prent.; Taxon 30: 30 (1981)

= Silene pratensis subsp. mariziana (Gand.) McNeill & H.C.Prent.; Taxon 30: 30 (1981)

= Silene pratensis var. crassifola (Rouy & Foucaud) Samp.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 24: 25 (1909)

subspecies :

subsp. alba (Mill.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 189 (1982)

Name: Weiße Lichtnelke (DE), White Campion (EN)

Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl. [I], Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; ?Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (widespread N- & C-Greece, rare Peloponissos, Thasos, Samothraki, Evvoia); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Azores (Santa Maria Isl.); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; China [I] (Liaoning [I]); New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Alaska [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); St. Pierre and Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Haiti [I]; Brazil [I]; Argentina [I]

10 DEN GRB IRE 11 BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS COR FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD UKR 20 MOR 21 AZO 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KGZ TZK UZB 36 chi 42 nwg 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 70 ask gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 81 his 84 bra 85 arg

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis alba f. obtusifolia Cuatrec.; Cavanillesia 3: 14 (1930)

= Lychnis alba Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: n 4 (1768)

= Lychnis arvensis (Roth) Hoppe; Bot. Taschenb. [Hoppe] 85 (1794)

= Lychnis dioica subsp. vespertina (Sibth.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 45 (1894)

= Lychnis dioica var. alba (Mill.) O.F.Müll.; Fl. Fridrichsd., t. 1792 (1767)

= Lychnis dioica var. alba S.Wilcke; Fl. Gryphica [Wilcke] 68 (1765), nom. inval.

= Lychnis dioica var. arvensis Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 2(1): 514 (1789)

= Lychnis dioica var. arvensis Schkuhr; Bot. Handb. [Schkuhr] 1: 403, t. CXXIV (1791), nom. illeg.

= Lychnis dioica var. hermaphrodita Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 199 (1788), nom. inval., et 515 (1789)

= Lychnis pratensis Rafn; Danm. Holst. Fl. 2 (1800)

= Lychnis vespertina (Sibth.) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 95 (1839)

= Lychnis vespertina var. incarnata Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs. 332 (1838)

= Melandrium album (Mill.) Garcke; Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland, ed. 4: 55 (1858) (n. v.)

= Melandrium album var. advenum Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 30: 165 (1996)

= Melandrium dioicum subsp. album (Mill.) D.Löve; Bot. Not. 1944(2): 200 (1944)

= Melandrium obtusifolium Pau ex Cuatrec.; Cavanillesia 3: 14 (1930)

= Melandrium pratense (Rafn) Röhl.; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 2, Phanerog. Gew. 2: 274 (1812)

= Melandrium pratense f. graciliforme Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 277 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium pratense f. minus Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 276 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium pratense f. multicaule Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 277 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium pratense f. platyphyllum Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 276 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium pratense f. validum Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 277 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium pratense var. breviflorum Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 277 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium pratense var. bugense Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 277 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium pratense var. leopoliense Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 277 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium pratense var. macrocalycinum Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 96 (1896)

= Melandrium pratense var. subtomentosum Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 277 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium vespertinum Fr.; Bot. Not. 1842: 170 (1842)

= Saponaria vespertina Walther; Fl. Giessen 340 (1802)

= Silene alba (Mill.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, Abbild., 5: 98 (1901), nom. illeg.

= Silene alba var. crassifolia (Lange) P.Silva; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2A, 60: 152 (1987)

= Silene latifolia f. incarnata (Peterm.) Lambinon; Nouv. Fl. Belg., Grand-Duché Luxemb., Nord France, 4. éd.: 988 (1992)

= Silene pratensis (Rafn) Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 1: 216 (1847)

species :

Silene laxa Boiss. & Kotschy; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 638 (1867)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, W-Iran)

34 IRN TUR

species :

Silene laxantha Majumdar; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42: 650 (1963)

Distribution: Nepal; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis pilosa (Edgew.) Edgew. & Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 226 (1896)

= Melandrium pilosum Edgew.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 34 (1846)

= Silene eduardi Bocquet; Candollea 22: 14 (1967)

species :

Silene lazica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 35 (1843)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

33 GEO 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe lazica (Boiss.) Lazkov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 95(10): 1485 (2010)

species :

Silene legionensis Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 14 (1816)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene staticifolia Pourr. ex Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 6: 114 (1865), nom. inval.

species :

Silene lemmonii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 342 (1875)

Name: Lemmon´s catchfly

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene palmeri S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 124 (1876)

species :

Silene lenkoranica Lazkov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 95(10): 1483 (2010)

Distribution: Azerbaijan (Talysh)

33 AZE

species :

Silene leptoclada Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 647 (1867)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)

34 EAI TUR

species :

Silene leucophylla Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 29 (1843)

Distribution: Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai)

34 SIN

species :

Silene leyseroides Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 41 (1843)

Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Farah, Ghazni, Herat, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Logar, Wardak, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Kuwait; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Waziristan, Pakistani Punjab, Kurram)

34 AFG IRN IRQ 35 KUW 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene cabulica Bornm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 66: 221 (1934)

= Silene salsa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 77 (1846)

species :

Silene lhassana (F.N.Williams) Majumdar; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 15(1-2): 42 (1976)

Distribution: Tibet

36 TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium lhassanum F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 406 (1909)

= Silene lhassana (F.N.Williams) C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(4): 439 (1980), isonym

= Silene nyingchiensis L.H.Zhou; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 9: 59, f. 4 (1980)

species :

Silene libanotica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 89 (1849)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon)

34 LEB

Remarks: chlorifolia agg.

species :

Silene lichiangensis W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(55): 225-226 (1919)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium lichiangense (W.W.Sm.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 205 (1929)

species :

Silene linae Bocquet; Candollea 22: 20 (1967)

Distribution: Bhutan

40 BHU

species :

Silene linearifolia Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 374 (1824)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan

33 AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene angustifolia M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 337 (1808)

= Silene biebersteinii F.Dietr.; Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 8: 270 (1838), nom. superfl.

= Silene melikjanii Taisumov & Teimurov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 115(1): 70 (2010)

= Silene petraea Adams; Beitr. Naturk. [Weber & Mohr] 1: 58 (1805), nom. illeg.

= Silene tenella K.Koch ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 191 (1869)

species :

Silene lineariloba C.Y.Wu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4(2): 148-149, f. 1, 6-9 (1982)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene linearis Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 3: 276 (1835), nom. cons. prop.

Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert, NE-Egypt, SE-Egypt); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (Rift Valley, Judean Desert, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Kuwait; United Arab Emirates

20 EGY 34 ISR JOR SIN SYR 35 KUW UAE

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene adhaerens Ehrenb. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 162 (1869)

species :

Silene linicola C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. [C.C.Gmelin] 4: 304 (1826)

Name: Flachs-Leimkraut, Flachsnelke (DE)

Distribution: +Germany (+Baden-Württemberg, +Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], +Niedersachsen, +Rheinland-Pfalz); +Austria; S-Spain; +France; +Italy; +Slovenia; +Croatia

11 AUT GER 12 FRA SPA 13 CRO ITA SLV

Remarks: surviving only in culture

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene stricta Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 412 (1825), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene linoides Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 384 (1824)

Distribution: C-Greece (Attiki, Evvoia, S-Thessalia, Mt. Pelion)

13 GRC

Remarks: sect. Saxifragoideae

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene ceccariana Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 1: 78 (1854)

= Silene linifolia Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 301 (1809), nom. illeg.

= Silene linifolia var. ceccariniana Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 5: 50 (1893)

= Silene linifolia var. gracilis Beauverd & Topali; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 28: 150 (1937)

species :

Silene lipskyi Lazkov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(4): 96 (1996)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Silene lithophila Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 167 (1842)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; China (N-Xinjiang)

32 KAZ KGZ 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene tianschanica Schischk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 8: 56 (1940)

species :

Silene littorea Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 2: 186 (1805)

subspecies :

subsp. littorea

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; ?Baleares; Morocco

12 GIB POR SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene allophila Clemente ex Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 15 (1815)

= Silene halophila Link ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 650 (1878), nom. inval.

= Silene halophila Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 406 (1825)

= Silene hispanica Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 369 (1824), nom. illeg.

= Silene littorea f. albiflora I.Nogueira & M.T.Almeida; Bol. Soc. Portug. Ci. Nat. 14: 47 (1972)

= Silene littorea var. caespitosa Rothm. & P.Silva; Agron. Lusit. 1: 389 (1824)

= Silene littorea var. elatior Willk.; Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 1: 49 (1854)

= Silene littorea var. lusitanica Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 107 (1963), nom. illeg.

= Silene littorea var. minor (Otth) Rothm. & P.Silva; Agron. Lusit. 1: 388 (1824), nom. illeg.

= Silene nana Cambess. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 96 (1878), nom. inval.

= Silene prostrata Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 406 (1825)

= Silene sericea var. littorea (Brot.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 231 (1855)

= Silene sericea var. minor Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 380 (1824)

subspecies :

subsp. adscendens (Lag.) Rivas Goday; Publ. Inst. Biol. Aplicada 42: 114 (1961)

Distribution: SE-Spain (Almeria)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene adscendens Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 15 (1816)

species :

Silene litwinowii Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 637, 888 (1936). rossice, et Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 2: 140 (1936), latine

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)

32 TKM 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene schimperiana var. latifolia Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 3: 101 (1907)

species :

Silene lomalasinensis (Engl.) T.Harris & Goyder; Kew Bull. 61(1): 35 (2006)

Distribution: N-Tanzania

25 TAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium lomalasinense Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 383 (1912)

= Silene lomalasinense Engl. ex Jaeger; Mitt. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Ergänzungsh. 4: 94 (1911)

species :

Silene longicalycina Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Obshch. Estestvoisp., Vyp. 3, Otd. Bot. 26: 129 (1896)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene jucunda Pavlov; Vĕstn. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R. 8: 17 (1950), nom. illeg., non Jord. & Fourr. (1866)

species :

Silene longicarpa (Y.Z.Zhao & Z.Y.Chu) comb.ined.

Distribution: China (Nei Mongol)

36 CHI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium longicarpum Y.Z.Zhao & Z.Y.Chu; Classific. Florist. Ecol. Geogr. Distrib. Vasc. Pl. Inner Mongolia 142 (2012)

species :

Silene longicarpophora (Kom.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 11 (1967)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Paktia / Khost)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG

Remarks: Subgen. Gastrolychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis longicarpophora (Kom.) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 161 (1981)

= Gastrolychnis longicarpophora (Kom.) Lazkov; Sem. Gvozd. (Caryophyllac.) Fl. Kyrgyzstana 120 (2006), isonym

= Lychnis longicarpophora (Kom.) Preobr. ex Tolm.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 714 (1936)

= Melandrium longicarpophorum Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Obshch. Estestvoisp., Vyp. 3, Otd. Bot. 26: 132 (1896)

= Silene kirgisensis Bajtenov & Nelina; Izv. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R., Ser. Biol. 1990(4): 84 (1990)

= Wahlbergella longicarpophora (Kom.) Tolm.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 714 (1936)

species :

Silene longicilia (Brot.) Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 377 (1824)

Distribution: Portugal

12 POR

Remarks: italica agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus longicilius Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 2: 180 (1805)

= Silene italica subsp. longicilia (Brot.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 233 (1932)

= Silene patula subsp. longicilia (Brot.) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 110(89 Sess. Extr.): 129 (1966)

= Silene patula var. longicilia (Brot.) Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 52: 278 (1943)

species :

Silene longicornuta C.Y.Wu & C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4(2): 149-150, f. 4 (1982)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, W-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene longidens Schischk.; Trav. Mus. Georgie 1920-21: 16 (1922)

Distribution: Azerbaijan

33 AZE

species :

Silene longipetala Vent.; Descr. Pl. Nouv. t. 83 (1802)

Distribution: C-Greece (Attiki, E-Peloponnisos); +Algeria; Libya; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (C-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)

13 GRC 20 ALG LBY 34 CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene attica Formánek; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 16: 80 (1898)

= Silene ehrenbergiana Rohrb.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 25: 83 (1867)

= Silene expansa Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 211 (1869)

= Silene macropetala Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 414 (1825)

species :

Silene longisepala Nasir; Biologia (Lahore) 6: 186 (1960)

Distribution: N-Pakistan (Chitral)

40 PAK

species :

Silene longiuscula C.Y.Wu & C.L.Tang; Fl. Yunnan. 6: 837 (1995)

Distribution: China (Yunnan, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: not a synonym of S. batangensis fide Yang & Wang 2025. Extremely rare, only 3 specimens known

species :

Silene longshoushanica (L.Q.Zhao & Y.Z.Zhao) comb.ined.

Distribution: China (Gansu)

36 CHI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium longshoushanicum L.Q.Zhao & Y.Z.Zhao; Key Vasc. Pl. Inner Mongolia 64 (2014), nom. inval., et Fl. Intramongol. [ed. 3] 2: 54 (2020)

species :

Silene lucida Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 271 (1957)

subspecies :

subsp. lucida

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN TUR

subspecies :

subsp. glandulosa Ekim; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42(1): 85 (1984)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene luciliae Bocquet; Candollea 22: 11 (1967), nom. nov.

Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Wardak)

34 AFG

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium cabulicum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 1: 79 (1854) (non Silene cabulica Bornm. 1834

species :

Silene lulakabadensis Heidari, F.Ghahrem. & Assadi; Novon 28(1): 24 (2020)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Silene lycaonica Chowdhry; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 22: 263 (1957)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene lychnidea C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer [C.A. von Meyer] 213 (1831)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene graminifolia var. lychnidea (C.A.Mey.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 552 (1862)

= Silene subuniflora Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13: 39 (1893)

species :

Silene lydia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 37 (1843)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (rare NC- & NE-Greece, Mt. Ossa, N-Thessalia, Sithona peninsula, Attiki); East Aegaean Isl. (Samos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon)

13 BUL GRC NMA TUE 34 EAI LEB TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Pleconax

Synonyms: hidden

= Conosilene conica subsp. lydia (Boiss.) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 50A: 374 (1971?)

= Pleconax conica subsp. lydia (Boiss.) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; Lagascalia 4(1): 14 (1974)

= Pleconax lydia (Boiss.) Šourková; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119(4-5): 580 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Silene harrisii Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1918: 267 (1918)

species :

Silene lynesii C.Norman; J. Bot. 62: 135 (1924)

Distribution: S-Algeria (C-Sahara, Hoggar); N-Chad (Tibesti); Sudan (Jbel Marra)

20 ALG 24 CHA SUD

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene hoggariensis Quézel; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 45: 57 (1954)

= Silene kilianii Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 173 (1929)

= Silene kilianii var. dolichocalyx Maire; Mém. Acad. Sci. Inst. France 62: 13 (1935)

species :

Silene macrodonta Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 37 (1843)

Name: Gezähntes Leimkraut (DE); Largetooth Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (Jazira, NW-Syria); Israel (N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania)

34 CYP EAI ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Pleconax

Synonyms: hidden

= Conosilene conica subsp. macrodonta (Boiss.) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 50A: 374 (1971)

= Pleconax conica subsp. macrodonta (Boiss.) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; Lagascalia 4: 14 (1974)

= Pleconax macrodonta (Boiss.) Šourková; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119(4-5): 580 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Pleconax pamphylica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 14: 77 (1977)

= Silene grammatocalyx Fenzl ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 82 (1849)

= Silene pamphylica Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 81 (1849)

species :

Silene macrophylla Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 15 (1816)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Oberna

Synonyms: hidden

= Behen fimbriatus (M.Bieb.) Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 245 (1829)

= Behenantha multifida (Adams) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 12: 200 (1975)

= Cucubalus fimbriatus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 333 (1808), nom. superfl.

= Cucubalus multifidus Adams; Beitr. Naturk. [Weber & Mohr] 1: 57 (1805)

= Oberna multifida (Adams) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 120 (1976)

= Silene fimbriata Sims; Bot. Mag. 23: t. 908 (1806), nom. superfl.

= Silene multifida (Adams) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 88 (1869)

= Silene simsii F.Jafari, Rabeler & Oxelman; Phytotaxa 425(1): 41 (2019), nom. nov. superfl.

= Viscago fimbriata (M.Bieb.) Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 2: 409 (1815), nom. superfl.

species :

Silene macrosolen Steud. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 44 (1847)

Distribution: Sudan (Jbel Marra); Ethiopia; Eritrea; Kenya; Tanzania; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen)

24 ERI ETH SUD 25 KEN TAN 35 SAU YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene longitubulosa Engl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 76 (1895)

species :

Silene macrostyla Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 54 (1859)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning); North Korea; Japan (Hokkaido)

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene foliosa Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 559 (1862)

= Silene foliosa var. macrostyla (Maxim.) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 683 (1870)

= Silene foliosa var. macrostyla (Maxim.) Vorosch.; Florist. Issl. Razn. Raionakh S.S.S.R. [A.K.Skvortsov] 167 (1985), isonym

= Silene tatarica var. macrostyla (Maxim.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(2): 559 (1856)

= Silene tatarica var. wilfordii Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 559 (1862)

species :

Silene maeotica (Klokov) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 170 (1981)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

Remarks: subgen. Otites

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites maeoticus Klokov; Fl. URSR 4: 658 (1952)

species :

Silene magellanica (Desr.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 37 (1967)

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Mendoza, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Aisén, Magallanes)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis graminea Molina; Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili, ed. 2: 289 (1810)

= Lychnis magellanica Desr.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 641 (1789)

= Melandrium magellanicum (Desr.) Fenzl ex Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 224 (1869 publ. 1870)

= Viscaria magellanica (Desr.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 415 (1831)

species :

Silene makmeliana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 89 (1849)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze)

34 LEB SYR

species :

Silene mandonii (Rohrb.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 31 (1967)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro); Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, Tucuman); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta)

83 BOL PER 85 ARG CLE

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium hieronymi Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 22 (1893)

= Melandrium mandonii Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 222 (1869 publ. 1870)

= Melandrium rimbachii Mattf.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 115 (1927)

species :

Silene manissadjianii Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 83 (1895)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia); Iran (W-Iran)

34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene manissadjianii var. straussiana Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27: 316 (1910)

= Alsine ciliata Schmalh.; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 10: 287 (1892), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene marcowiczii Schischk.; Trav. Mus. Georgie 1920-21: 11 (1922)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN

Remarks: sometimes included in S. dianthoides

species :

Silene margaritae Bocquet; Candollea 22: 33 (1967)

Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca)

85 ARG

species :

Silene mariana Pau; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. tomo extraord. 291 (1921)

Distribution: S-Spain

12 SPA

species :

Silene marizii Samp.; Ann. Sci. Acad. Polytecn. Porto 4: (Prodr. Fl. Portug. 39) 126 (1909)

Distribution: NW-Portugal; C-Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium glutinosum Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41: 327 (1894)

= Melandrium pratense var. pulverulentum Merino; Contr. Fl. Galicia 76 (1897)

= Melandrium viscosum Mariz; Bol. Soc. Brot. 5: 98 (1887)

= Silene dioica subsp. glutinosa (Rouy) Franco; Nov. Fl. Portugal 1: 55 (1971)

species :

Silene markamensis L.H.Zhou; Fl. Xizang. 1: 734 (1983)

Distribution: China (Sichuan); E-Tibet (Mangkang Co.)

36 CHI TIB

Remarks: see Yang & Wang 2025 for description and updated distribution

species :

Silene marmarica Bég. & Vacc.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 12: 100 (1913)

Distribution: Libya

20 LBY

species :

Silene marmorensis Kruckeb.; Madroño 15: 174 (1960)

Name: Marble Mountain catchfly

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Silene marschallii C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. [C.A. von Meyer] 214 (1831)

subspecies :

subsp. marschallii

Distribution: Crimea; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon)

14 KRY 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 LEB TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus mollissimus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 324 (1808), nom. illeg.

= Silene graminifolia Heldr. ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 32 (1859) non Ledeb. 1830

= Silene iconia Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 85 (1849)

= Silene lasiopetala Fenzl; Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr. 8 (1842)

= Silene praestans Schischk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 9(3): 106 (1941)

subspecies :

subsp. anamasi Yıldız & Dadandý; Nordic J. Bot. 28(3): 336 (2010)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. guicciardii (Boiss. & Heldr.) Trigas, Kokkoris & Kougioum.; Phytotaxa 331(2): 282 (2017)

Distribution: C-Greece (Mt. Parnassos)

13 GRC

Conservation Status: recently rediscovered after 160 years

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene guicciardii Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 32 (1859)

subspecies :

subsp. propinqua (Schischk.) Nersesian; Phyton (Horn) 36(1): 48 (1996)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Samangan)

34 AFG IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene propinqua Schischk.; Trav. Mus. Georgie 1: 14 (1920), et Sched. Pl. Or. Exsicc. Fasc. XV. 42 (1928)

= Silene puberula Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 636 (1867) (non Bertol. (1842))

= Silene spergulifolia Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1(2/3): 174 (1843) non M. Bieb.

species :

Silene martyi Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 17. 20 (1927)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Silene maurorum Batt. & Pit.; Contr. Fl. Maroc (Paris) 11 (1931)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Silene media (Litv.) Kleopow; Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 9: 64 (1929)

Distribution: S-European Russia; Moldova; S-Ukraine; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan

14 MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites medius (Litv.) Klokov; Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 5(1): 25 (1948)

= Silene otites var. media Litv.; Sched. Herb. Fl. Ross. 4: 3 (1902)

species :

Silene megalantha Bondarenko & Vved.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 2: 325 (1971)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

species :

Silene mekinensis Coss.; Ill. Fl. Atlant. 1: 144, t. 93 (1890)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene mekinensis subvar. micrantha Jahand. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 37 (1931)

= Silene mekinensis subvar. parviflora Maire; [nomen]

species :

Silene melanantha Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 423-424 (1886)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium longipes Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 207 (1929)

= Melandrium melananthum (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 207 (1929)

= Silene longipes (Hand.-Mazz.) C.Y.Wu; Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 1: 427 (1993)

species :

Silene melanopotamica Pedersen; Fl. Patagonica 4a: 246 (1984), nom. nov.

subspecies :

subsp. melanopotamica

Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chubut, Rio Negro)

85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene inflata var. patagonica Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 7: 239 (1902)

= Silene maritima var. patagonica (Speg.) Hauman; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 190. 1923

subspecies :

subsp. agrostophylla Pedersen; Fl. Patagonica 4a: 248 (1984)

Distribution: Argentina (Rio Negro)

85 ARG

subspecies :

subsp. nivosimontana Pedersen; Fl. Patagonica 4a: 249 (1984)

Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza)

85 ARG

species :

Silene melitensis Brullo, C.Brullo, Cambria, Lanfr., S.Lanfr., Miniss., Sciandr. & Giusso; Phytotaxa 297(3): 246 (2017)

Distribution: Malta

13 MLT

species :

Silene mellifera Boiss. & Reut.; Biblioth. Universelle Genève Ser. 2, 38: 200 (1842)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: italica agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene italica subsp. mellifera (Boiss. & Reut.) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 139 (1888)

= Silene italica subsp. nevadensis (Boiss.) Font Quer; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 3: 351 (1953), nom. inval.

= Silene italica var. mellifera (Boiss. & Reut.) Bonnet & Barratte; Expl. Sci. Tunisie, Cat. Pl. 57 (1896)

= Silene italica var. nevadensis Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 21 (1838)

= Silene longicilia var. mellifera (Boiss. & Reut.) Samp.; Man. Fl. Port. 299 (1911)

= Silene mellifera subsp. nevadensis (Boiss.) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 89(Sess. Extr.): 129 (1966)

= Silene mellifera subsp. nevadensis (Boiss.) Losa & Rivas Goday; Arch. Inst. Aclim. Cons. Super. Invest. Ci. 13: 148 (1974)

= Silene mellifera var. elata Jeanm.; Candollea 39(2): 628 (1984)

= Silene mellifera var. nevadensis (Boiss.) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 110(89 Sess. Extr.): 129 (1966)

= Silene nevadensis (Boiss.) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 721 (1845)

= Silene velutinoides subsp. mellifera (Boiss. & Reut.) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 139 (1888)

species :

Silene melzheimeri Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 117 (1995), nom. nov.

Distribution: NW-Greece (mountains around Mt. Timfi, Grammos and Smolikas)

13 GRC

Remarks: to be expected in S-Albania

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene radicosa subsp. rechingeri Melzh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 98: 31 (1977)

species :

Silene mentagensis Coss.; Ill. Fl. Atlant. 1: 145 (1891)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene mentagensis var. robusta Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 14: 129 (1923)

species :

Silene menziesii Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 1: 90. t. 30 (1830)

Name: Menzies´ campion

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, N. W. T., Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Anotites alsinoides Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 99 (1905)

= Anotites bakeri Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 102 (1905)

= Anotites costatus Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 100 (1905)

= Anotites debilis Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 104 (1905)

= Anotites diffusus Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 99 (1905)

= Anotites discurrens Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 103 (1905)

= Anotites dorrii (Kellogg) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 101 (1905)

= Anotites ellipticus Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 103 (1905)

= Anotites halophilus Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 101 (1905)

= Anotites jonesii Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 102 (1905)

= Anotites latifolius Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 98 (1905)

= Anotites macilentus Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 100 (1905)

= Anotites menziesii (Hook.) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 98 (1905)

= Anotites nodosus Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 100 (1905)

= Anotites pictus Greene; Ottawa Naturalist 19: 165 (1905)

= Anotites tenerrimus Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 104 (1905)

= Anotites tereticaulis Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 105 (1905)

= Anotites villosulus Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 104 (1905)

= Anotites viscosus Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 98 (1905)

= Silene dorrii Kellogg; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 44 (1863)

= Silene menziesii subsp. dorrii (Kellogg) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 51 (1947)

= Silene menziesii var. viscosa (Greene) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 50 (1947)

= Silene obovata A.E.Porsild; Rhodora 40: 214 (1938), nom. illeg.

= Silene stellarioides Nutt.; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 1: 193 (-194) (1838)

species :

Silene mesatlantica Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 12 (1926)

subspecies :

subsp. mesatlantica

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene boryi var. mesatlantica (Maire) Pau; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 31: 97 (1933)

= Silene mesatlantica var. embergeri Maire; [nomen]

= Silene mesatlantica var. ibrahimiana (Emb.) Maire; [nom. inval.]

= Silene mesatlantica var. macrotricha Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 22: 27 (1930)

subspecies :

subsp. quilesii Pils; Ill. Fl. Morocco 13, 235 (2022)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Silene meyeri Fenzl ex Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 38 (1860)

subspecies :

subsp. meyeri

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene delectabilis Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929: 225 (1929)

= Silene depressa var. meyeri (Fenzl ex Boiss. & Buhse) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 133 (1868)

= Silene meyeri var. delectabilis (Turrill) Ghaz.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 103 (1983)

subspecies :

subsp. persica (Boiss.) Melzh.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 163: 444 (1988)

Distribution: Iran; Afghanistan (Balkh)

34 AFG IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene meyeri var. persica Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 623 (1867)

species :

Silene michelsonii Preobr.; Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago 19: 13 (1919)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 TZK UZB

species :

Silene micropetala Lag.; Varied. Ci. 2(4): 213 (1805)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Morocco; Algeria

12 POR SPA 20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene affinis Godr.; Mém. Sect. Sci. Acad. Sci. Montpellier 1: 417 (1853)

= Silene cheiranthifolia Schott; Isis [Oken] 2: 821 (1818)

= Silene guedirensis Pau; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. 1930: n 193 (1932) [in sched.]

= Silene laxiflora f. guedirensis (Pau) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 95 (1963)

= Silene laxiflora var. fairchildiana Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 16 (1927)

= Silene laxiflora var. micropetala (Lag.) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 94 (1963)

= Silene micrantha Link ex Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 15 (1815)

= Silene micropetala var. cheiranthifolia (Schott) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 96 (1878)

= Silene scabriflora var. guedirensis (Pau) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 205 (1933)

= Silene vestita Soy.-Will. & Godr.; Expl. Sci. Algérie, Atlas: t. 81(2). (1849)

= Silene vestita var. rubriflora Pérez Lara; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 25: 186 (1896)

species :

Silene microphylla Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 33 (1843)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Parwan)

32 TKM 34 AFG IRN IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene microphylla var. cerastioides Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 32(2): 364 (1914)

= Silene pamirensis var. glandulosa Ghaz.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(1): 101 (1983)

= Silene vulgaris f. microphylla (Boiss.) Váczy; Contr. Bot. Univ. ´Babeş-Bolyai´ Cluj-Napoca 1979: 364 (1979)

species :

Silene microsperma Fenzl; Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr. 27 (1842)

subspecies :

subsp. microsperma

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene cassia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 78 (1849)

= Silene kotschyi Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 40 (1843)

= Silene kotschyi var. effusissima Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 85 (1888)

= Silene lepta J.Gay ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 602 (1867)

subspecies :

subsp. cypria Eggens, F.Jafari & Oxelman; PhytoKeys 159: 26 (2020)

Distribution: Cyprus (E-Cyprus)

34 CYP

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene stenocalyx H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 2(7): 15 (1946), nom. illeg., non Rouy & Foucaud

= Silene kotschyi var. stenocalyx (H.Lindb.) Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 276 (1957)

subspecies :

subsp. maritima (Boiss.) Eggens, F.Jafari & Oxelman; PhytoKeys 159: 27 (2020)

Distribution: S-Turkey (Icel, Adana, Hatay); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, Jazira)

34 SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene kotschyi var. maritima Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 602 (1867)

subspecies :

subsp. modesta (Boiss. & C.I.Blanche) Eggens, F.Jafari & Oxelman; PhytoKeys 159: 28 (2020)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel)

34 ISR LEB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene chaetodonta var. modesta (Boiss. & C.I.Blanche) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 606 (1867)

= Silene modesta Boiss. & C.I.Blanche; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 33 (1859)

= Silene modesta var. modesta (Boiss. & C.I.Blanche) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 606 (1867)

species :

Silene migjornensis L.Sáez, Guasp, P.P.Ferrer, López-Alvarado & Rosselló; Medit. Bot. 40(2): 194 (2019), nom. nov.

Distribution: Baleares

12 BAL

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene sericea var. balearica Willk.; Linnaea 40: 118 (1876)

species :

Silene miksensis Fırat & K.Yıldız; Phytotaxa 273: 284 (2016)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene minae Strobl; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 53: 492 (1903)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Silene miqueliana (Rohrb.) H.Ohashi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 71(5): 269 (1996)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis miqueliana Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 677 (1870)

= Lychnis miqueliana f. argyrata M.Mizush.; J. Jap. Bot. 30: 95 (1955)

= Lychnis miqueliana f. plena (Makino) Okuyama; J. Jap. Bot. 30: 43 (1955)

= Lychnis miqueliana var. plena Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 16 (1909)

= Silene miqueliana f. argyrata (M.Mizush.) H.Ohashi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 71: 270 (1996)

= Silene miqueliana f. plena (Makino) H.Ohashi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 71: 270 (1996)

species :

Silene mirei Chevassut & Quézel; Bull. Off. Nat. Anti-Acrid. 7: 6 (1956)

Distribution: S-Libya (Tibesti); N-Chad (Tibesti)

20 LBY 24 CHA

species :

Silene mishudaghensis Gholipour & Parsa Khanghah; Iran. J. Bot. 21(2): 119 (2015)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Silene mollissima (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 498 (1805)

Distribution: Baleares (Mallorca, Menorca)

12 BAL

Remarks: mollissima agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus mollissimus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 593 (1762)

= Viscago mollissima (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 303 (1802)

species :

Silene monbeigii W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(55): 226-227 (1919)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene cardiopetala var. deqenensis C.Y.Wu ex C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4(2): 155-156, f. 7 (1980)

= Silene zangdongensis L.H.Zhou; Fl. Xizang. 1: 738, f. 241 (1983)

species :

Silene monerantha F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 103 (1896)

Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq)

34 IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene monantha Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 99 (1888), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene mongolica Maxim.; Enum. Pl. Mongolia 88 (1889)

Distribution: Mongolia

37 MON

Remarks: Subgen. Gastrolychnis

species :

Silene montbretiana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 26 (1843)

Name: Behaartkelchige Lichtnelke (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; European Russia; Turkmenistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

11 ger 13 BUL NMA 14 RUS 32 TKM 33 ARM AZE 34 IRN IRQ TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium album subsp. eriocalycinum (Boiss.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 286 (1924)

= Melandrium eriocalycinum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 1: 78 (1854)

= Silene alba subsp. eriocalycina (Boiss.) Walters; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 69: 48 (1964)

= Silene bornmuelleri Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 363 (1891)

= Silene ispirensis Boiss. & A.Huet; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 5: 55 (1856)

= Silene latifolia subsp. eriocalycina (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12(2): 189 (1982)

= Silene montbretiana var. kurdica Boiss. & Noë; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 5: 55 (1856)

= Silene montbretiana var. microphylla Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 98 (1888)

= Silene oligophylla Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 150: 313 (1985)

= Silene pratensis subsp. eriocalycina (Boiss.) McNeill & H.C.Prent.; Taxon 30(1): 30 (1981)

= Silene supina var. latifolia Hohen.; Enum. Pl. Talysch [Hohenacker] 162 (1838)

species :

Silene moorcroftiana Benth.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 76 (1834)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Wakhan); W-Tibet; Pakistan (Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Astor, Gilgit, Baltistan); Nepal; NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Ladakh)

34 AFG 36 TIB 40 IND NEP PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene gyirongensis L.H.Zhou; Fl. Xizang. 1: 739, f. 220, 4-6 (1983)

= Silene persica subsp. moorcroftiana (Wall. ex Benth.) Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 267 (1957)

species :

Silene morganae Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 586 (1897)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ

species :

Silene morisiana Bég. & Ravano; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 15: 187 (1939)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene colorata subsp. morisiana (Bég. & Ravenel) Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 107: 208 (1973)

species :

Silene morrisonmontana (Hayata) Ohwi & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 49: 345 (1974)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium morrisonmontanum Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 36-37 (1913)

= Melandrium transalpinum Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 37 (1913)

= Melandrium vesiculiforme Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 37-38 (1913)

= Silene morrisonmontana var. transalpina (Hayata) S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 1: 494 (1985)

= Silene transalpina (Hayata) S.S.Ying; Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 2: 368 (1996)

variant :

var. glabella (Ohwi) Ohwi & Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 49: 345 (1974)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium glabellum Ohwi; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36(936-941): 47-48 (1934)

= Melandrium morrisonmontanum var. glabellum (Ohwi) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 12: 113 (1943)

= Silene glabellum (Ohwi) S.S.Ying; Alp. Pl. Taiwan Colour 1: 58 (1975)

species :

Silene muliensis C.Y.Wu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4(2): 147-148, f. 3 (1982)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene multicaulis Guss.; Pl. Rar. Neapol. [Gussone] 172 (1826)

subspecies :

subsp. multicaulis

Distribution: Italy; Croatia; Montenegro; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (mountains of mainland except Northeast)

13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA

Remarks: sect. Saxifragoideae

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene dalmatica Scheele; Flora 26: 430 (1843)

= Silene inaperta Sm.; Fl. Graec. [Sibthorp] 5: 14 (1825) non L.

= Silene kitaibelii Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 3: 169 (1850)

= Silene leucojifolia Orsini ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 229 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene megaspilaea (Boiss.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 140 (1869)

= Silene multicaulis var. megaspilaea Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 651 (1867)

= Silene orsiniana Rchb. ex Ces.; Stirp. Ital. Rar. 1: t. 8 (1840)

= Silene saxifraga subsp. multicaulis (Guss.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital., ed. 2 [Arcangeli]: 312 (1894)

subspecies :

subsp. cretica Melzh.; Phyton (Horn) 21: 132 (1981)

Distribution: Crete (Mt. Dikti)

13 KRI

subspecies :

subsp. sporadum (Halácsy) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 190 (1982)

Distribution: Greece (Mt. Ossa, Mt. Pelion, Sporades, Evvoia, Skiros, Athos, Samothraki, NE-Greece)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene genistifolia Halácsy; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 369 (1892)

= Silene linifolia subsp. sporadum (Halácsy) Phitos; Phyton (Horn) 12: 114 (1967)

= Silene linifolia var. sporadum Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 183 (1900)

= Silene multicaulis subsp. genistifolia (Halácsy) Melzh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 98: 59 (1977)

= Silene multicaulis subsp. stenocalycina (Rech.f.) Melzh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 98: 60 (1977)

= Silene multicaulis var. sporadum Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 183 (1900)

= Silene stenocalycina Rech.f.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 104: 175 (1951)

= Silene waldsteinii subsp. genistifolia (Halácsy) Stoj. & Jordanov; God. Sofiisk. Univ. Fiz.-Mat. Fak. 34: 177 (1937-1938 publ. 1938)

species :

Silene multiflora (Ehrh.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 496 (1805)

Name: Vielblütiges Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; Serbia; Romania; +Latvia [I]; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan

11 AUT ger HUN SLO 13 ROM SRB 14 lat MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus multiflorus Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 7: 141 (1792)

= Silene multiflora var. macrothyrsa Fedor.; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 54: 180 (1997), without type

= Silene multiflora var. pubescens (Kleopow) Fedor.; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 54: 180 (1997)

= Silene steppicola Kleopow; Zhurn. Inst. Bot. Vseukraïns´k. Akad. Nauk. 21-22(29-30): 250 (1939)

= Silene steppicola subsp. pubescens Kleopow

= Silene syvaschica Kleopow; Zhurn. Inst. Bot. Vseukraïns´k. Akad. Nauk. 21-22(29-30): 248 (1939)

= Viscago multiflora (Ehrh.) Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 410 (1813)

variant :

var. glabra (Kleopow) Fedor.; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 54(2): 180 (1997)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene steppicola subsp. glabra Kleopow

species :

Silene multifurcata C.L.Tang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 24(5): 391-392, f. 3 (1986)

Distribution: S-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium multifurcatum (C.L.Tang) Kozhevn.; Rast. Tsentral. Azii 11: 88 (1994 publ. 1995)

species :

Silene mundiana Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 32 (1834-1835)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Silene muradica Schischk.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 50: 27 (1920)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: spergulifolia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites muradicus (Schischk.) Devyatov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 24: 89 (1987)

species :

Silene muschleri Bocquet; Candollea 22: 38 (1967), nom. nov.

Distribution: NW-Peru

83 PER

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium macrocalyx Muschl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 441 (1911)

species :

Silene muscipula L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 420 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. muscipula

Name: Fliegenfallen-Leimkraut (DE); Conejera pegamoscas (ES)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; ?Baleares; France; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); C-Greece (rare Attiki, Evvoia, NE-Peloponnisos); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert); Jordania (W-Jordania)

11 ger 12 FRA POR SPA 13 GRC ITA PEL SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 CNY 34 ISR JOR LEB

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus dichotomus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 32 (1779)

= Ebraxis muscipula (L.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 103 (2001)

= Muscipula australis Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 344 (1868)

= Silene arvensis Loscos; Trat. Pl. Aragon 31 (1877) (non Salisb., Prodr. 301 (1792))

= Silene bracteosa Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 6: 627 (1847)

= Silene corymbifera Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 4: 591 (1841)

= Silene jennensis Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52: 449 (1905)

= Silene muscipula subsp. bracteosa (Bertol.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 90 (1882)

= Silene muscipula subsp. corymbifera (Bertol.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 90 (1882)

= Silene muscipula var. angustifolia Costa; Index Sem. (Barcelona) 1860: Adnotat. (1860)

= Silene muscipula var. arvensis (Loscos) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 136 (1896)

= Silene muscipula var. bracteosa (Bertol.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 136 (1896)

= Silene parlangei Emb.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 197 (1936) (nom. inval.)

= Silene stricta Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 246 (1813), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. deserticola Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 33(I2): 34 (1897)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya

20 ALG LBY MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene deserticola Murb.; Contr. Fl. Nord-Ouest Afrique 1: 34 (1897)

= Silene muscipula var. malenconiana Maire; [nom. inval.]

= Silene muscipula var. murbeckiana Maire & Weiller; [nom. superfl.]

= Silene muscipula var. oranensis (Hochr.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 229 (1963)

= Silene oranensis Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 135 (1904)

species :

Silene muslimii Pavlov; Vĕstn. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R., No. 11 (116) 89 (1954)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

species :

Silene myongcheonensis S.P.Hong & H.K.Moon; Novon 15(1): 145 (2005), nom. nov.

Distribution: North Korea

38 NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium umbellatum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 48 (1919)

species :

Silene nachlingerae A.Tiehm; Brittonia 37(4): 344 (1985)

Name: Nevada catchfly

Distribution: USA (Nevada, Utah)

76 USA

species :

Silene namlaensis (C.Marquand) Bocquet; Candollea 22(1): 19 (1967)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis namlaensis C.Marquand; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48(321): 164 (1929)

= Melandrium namlaense (C.Marquand) Pax & K.Hoffm.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 342 (1934)

species :

Silene nana Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 169 (1842)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Helmand); China (N-Xinjiang); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta)

32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 36 CHI 40 PAK

species :

Silene nangqenensis C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(4): 433-434, f. 4 (1980)

Distribution: China (S-Qinghai); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium glandulosum var. hexapetalum (Maxim.) Tsui & L.H.Zhou; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 9: 61, f. 6, 6-10 (1980)

= Melandrium glandulosum var. longistylum (Maxim.) Tsui & L.H.Zhou; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 9: 60, f. 6, 1-5 (1980)

= Melandrium nangqenense (C.L.Tang) L.H.Zhou; Fl. Qinghaiica 1: 277 (1997)

species :

Silene napuligera Franch.; Pl. Delavay. 82 (1889)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium napuligerum (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 204 (1929)

= Melandrium rubicundum (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 204 (1929)

= Silene rubicunda Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 417 (1886) (not A. Dietr. (1835))

= Silene rubicunda var. revoluta Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 79 (1889)

species :

Silene nasarovii Chepinoga; Botanica Pacifica 12(2): 122 (2023), nom. nov.

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Yakutia)

30 SIB

Remarks: Subgen. Gastrolychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis gracilis (Tolm.) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 161 (1981)

= Lychnis gracilis (Tolm.) Nasarow; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., Biol. n. s. 33: 338 (1923-1924), nomen

= Melandrium gracile Tolm.; Trudy Bot. Muz. 24: 261 (1932)

= Wahlbergella gracilis Tolm.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 721 (1936)

species :

Silene natalii F.O.Khass. & I.I.Malzev; Uzbeksk. Biol. Zhurn. 1991(3): 67 (1991)

Distribution: Uzbekistan

32 UZB

species :

Silene nefelites C.Brullo, Brullo, Giusso & Ilardi; Phyton (Horn) 54(2): 225 (2014)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

species :

Silene neglecta Ten.; Fl. Neapol. Prodr. App. 5: 13 (1826)

Distribution: NE-Spain; France; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Algeria; Tunisia

12 FRA SAR SPA 13 ITA PEL PTL SIC 20 ALG TUN

Remarks: nocturna agg. Often included in S. nocturna.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene gallica Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 212 (1831) non L.

= Silene martinolii Bocchieri & Mulas; Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 26: 301 (1988)

= Silene nocturna subsp. neglecta (Ten.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 88 (1882)

species :

Silene nelsonii Mesler, M.S.Mayer & Carothers; Madroño 66: 176 (2019 publ. 2020)

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Silene nemoralis Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 277 (1809)

Name: Hain-Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; NE-Spain; France; Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; ?N-Greece; Ukraine; USA [I] (New York [I]); etc.

11 CZE ger HUN SLO 12 FRA SPA 13 BUL CRO ITA KOS NMA SLV SMA SRB 14 UKR 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites nemoralis (Waldst. & Kit.) Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 71 (1852)

= Silene crassicaulis Willk. & Costa; Linnaea 30: 91 (1859)

= Silene italica subsp. nemoralis (Waldst. & Kit.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 90 (1878)

= Silene italica var. arenicola Debeaux; Soc. Agric. Sci. Litt. Pyrénées-Orientales 23: 99, 31 (1878)

= Silene italica var. crassicaulis (Willk. & Costa) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 146 (1896)

= Silene italica var. nemoralis (Waldst. & Kit.) Heuff.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 72 (1858)

= Silene italica var. tomentosa Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 145 (1896), nom. illeg.

= Silene jundzillii Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 287 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene nemoralis var. crassicaulis (Willk. & Costa) Burnat & Barbey; Not. Voy. Bot. Baléar. 53 (1882)

= Silene nemoralis var. pedemontana Burnat & Barbey; Not. Voy. Bot. Baléar. 52 (1882)

= Silene nemoralis var. platypetala Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 473 (1843)

= Silene rosulata var. crassicaulis (Willk. & Costa) Rohrb.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 8: 382 (1867)

species :

Silene nemrutensis K.Yıldız; Phytotaxa 292(2): 190 (2017)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene neoladyginae Lazkov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 87(6): 115 (2002)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KGZ TZK

species :

Silene nepalensis Majumdar; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42: 649 (1963)

Distribution: China (Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Chumbi)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis multicaulis Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 191 no. 622 (1829), nomen

= Lychnis multicaulis Wall. ex Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 80 (1834), non Silene multicaulis Guss. (1826)

= Melandrium brachypetalum var. tibetanum Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 231 (1869)

= Melandrium multicaule (Wall. ex Benth.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 280 (1842)

species :

Silene nerimaniae G.E.Genç, Kandemir & İ.Genç; Nordic J. Bot. 25(1-2): 58 (2008)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene nevskii Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 673 (1936), rossice, et Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 2: 146 (1936), latine

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 TKM TZK UZB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene bogdanii Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 557, 660 (1968)

species :

Silene niceensis All.; Misc. Philos.-Math. Soc. Privatae Taurinensis 5: 1770 (1773) 88

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Greece (Kefalonia, SW-Peloponnisos); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 GRC ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis nicaeensis (All.) Paxton; Pocket Bot. Dict. 192 (1840)

= Silene arenaria Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 354 (1798)

= Silene arenicola C.Presl; Fl. Sicul. [Presl] 153 (1826)

= Silene leucophaea Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 297 (1809)

= Silene littoralis Pourr.; Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse 3: 329 (1788)

= Silene nicaeensis var. arenicola (C.Presl) Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 4: 624 (1839)

= Silene nicaeensis var. gracilis Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 189 (1935)

= Silene nicaeensis var. perennis Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 170 (1932)

= Silene subvinosa Delile; Index Sem. (Montpellier) 1838: 12 (1838)

= Silene vallesiaca Link; Handbuch [Link] 2: 244 (1831)

= Silene villosa Moench; Methodus [Moench] 708 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Silene viscosissima Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): XXVI (1811)

species :

Silene niederi Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 32 (1859)

Distribution: S-Albania; Greece (Epirus, Kerkyra, mountains of NW-, C-Greece, C-Peloponnisos, Mt. Olimbos)

13 ALB GRC

species :

Silene nigrescens (Edgew.) Majumdar; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42: 647 (1963)

subspecies :

subsp. nigrescens

Distribution: S-Tibet (Yadong Xian); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Uttarakhand, Chumbi, Dras, Ladakh, Rupshu, Sikkim); Myanmar

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA

Remarks: Subgen. Lychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis nigrescens Edgew.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1(2): 223 (1874)

= Lychnis tristis Hook.f. & Thomson; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 1: 223 (1874)

= Melandrium nigrescens (Edgew.) F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 405 (1909)

subspecies :

subsp. latifolia Bocquet; Candollea 22(1): 16 (1967)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene ningxiaensis C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(4): 431-432, f. 3 (1980)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia)

36 CHI

species :

Silene nivalis (Kit.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 142 (1869)

Distribution: Romania (E-Carpathians)

13 ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma nivale (Kit.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 416 (1831)

= Lychnis nivalis Kit. ex Schult.; Oesterr. Fl., ed. 2, 1: 698 (1814)

= Lychnis siegeri Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 81 (1841)

= Lychnis sigeriana Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 1: 103 (1850)

= Melandrium nivale (Kit.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 230 (1855)

= Polyschemone nivalis (Kit.) Schott, Nyman & Kotschy; Analect. Bot. 56 (1854)

= Silene siegeri Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 400 (1816)

= Steris nivalis (Kit.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 24: 82 (1987)

= Viscaria nivalis (Kit.) Simonk.; Enum. Fl. Transsilv. 131 (1886)

= Viscaria siegeri (Steud.) Griseb. & Schenk; Arch. Naturgesch. (Berlin) 18(1): 299 (1852)

species :

Silene nivea (Nutt.) Muhl. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 377 (1824)

Name: Evening campion

Distribution: USA (District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)

74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus niveus (Muhl. ex DC.) Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 287 (1818)

= Oberna nivea (Muhl. ex DC.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 23 (1840)

= Silene alba Muhl. ex Britton; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 148 (1893), nom. superfl.

= Silene nivea var. lancifolia Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 1: 190 (1838)

species :

Silene nizvana Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 150: 312 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene nocteolens Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 1: 141 (1840)

Name: Nachtduftendes Leimkraut (DE); Canutillo del Teide (ES)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)

21 CNY

species :

Silene noctiflora L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 419 (1753)

Name: Acker-Leimkraut (DE), Night-flowering Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: Iceland [I]; England (England, Wales, Scotland, Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Channel Isl.; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; NE-Greece; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); China (Xinjiang); South Korea [I]; Java; Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Florida [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Utah. [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I])

10 den GRB ice IRE nor swe 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS FRA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 21 MDR 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR 36 CHI 38 kor 42 JAW 50 aus 51 nzl 70 ask cdn 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus noctiflorus (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 8 (1768)

= Elisanthe noctiflora (L.) Rupr.; Fl. Ingr. [Ruprecht] 161 (1860)

= Elisanthe noctiflora (L.) Willk.; Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 1: 78 (1854), isonym

= Elsinanthe noctiflora (L.) Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 3: 1235 (1862), orth. var.

= Lychnis noctiflora (L.) Schreb.; Spic. Fl. Lips. 21 (1771)

= Melandrium noctiflorum (L.) Fr.; Bot. Not. 4: 178 (1842)

= Melandrium noctiflorum f. abnorme Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 271 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium noctiflorum f. bessarabicum Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 272 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium noctiflorum f. monanthum Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 272 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium noctiflorum f. polyanthum Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 272 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium noctiflorum f. robustum Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 271 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium noctiflorum f. simplex Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 272 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium noctiflorum f. uniflorum Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 271 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium noctiflorum var. dolichopetalum Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 271 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Melandrium noctiflorum var. tenuifolium Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 272 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Saponaria noctiflora (L.) Fenzl ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 93 (1878), nom. inval.

= Silene bergeri Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (9)

= Silene dichotoma Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 169 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Silene exaltata Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1850(Adv. Bot.): 9 (1851), nom. inval.

= Silene fortunei Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1863: 34 (1863)

= Silene fortunii Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (9)

= Silene membranacea Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 7: 165 (1806)

= Silene orientalis Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 10 (1768)

= Silene pauciflora Kit.; Linnaea 32: 537 (1864), nom. illeg.

= Silene pygmaea Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (7)

= Silene sibirica Schrank; Syll. Pl. Nov. 1: 212 (1824), nom. illeg.

= Silene viscida Moench; Methodus [Moench] 708 (1794), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene nocturna L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 416 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. nocturna

Name: Mittelmeer-Leimkraut (DE); Nightly Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Croatia; Montenegro; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (widespread lowlands, incl. most islands); Crete (widespread); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, NW-coastal Egypt); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); ?Islas Selvagens; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera); Azerbaijan (Talysh); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I])

11 ger 12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT MNT SIC TUE 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY MDR 33 AZE 34 CYP EAI ISR JOR LEB SIN TUR 35 SAU 50 aus

Remarks: nocturna agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Corone nocturna (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 344 (1868)

= Cucubalus spicatus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 34 (1779)

= Silene amoena Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1849-1850(Adv. Bot.): 9 (1851), pro syn.

= Silene anaglaea Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 14: 132 (1923)

= Silene apetala Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 1: 532 (1827), nom. illeg.

= Silene bicolor Moench; Methodus [Moench] 706 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Silene brachypetala Robill. & Castagne ex DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 5: 607 (1815)

= Silene carnosa Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 306 (1794)

= Silene corsica Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1850(Adv. Bot.): 9 (1851), nom. inval.

= Silene decipiens Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 357 (1877)

= Silene inclusa Schult.; Observ. Bot. [Schultes] 82 (1809)

= Silene lagascae Boiss.; Exsicc. (Iter Lusit.) [Welwitsch] 1840: no. 490 (1841), nomen

= Silene matutina C.Presl; Fl. Sicul. [Presl] 149 (1826)

= Silene mirabilis Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 114 (1896)

= Silene mutabilis L.; Cent. Pl. II: 16 (1756)

= Silene nocturna f. brachypetala (Robill. & Castagne ex DC.) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 66 (1963)

= Silene nocturna f. longipedunculata H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 51 (1932)

= Silene nocturna proles brachypetala (Robill. & Castagne ex DC.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 116 (1896)

= Silene nocturna proles permixta (Jord.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 116 (1896)

= Silene nocturna subsp. brachypetala (Robill. & Castagne ex DC.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 96 (1878)

= Silene nocturna subsp. decipiens Ball; J. Bot. 11: 300 (1873)

= Silene nocturna subsp. permixta (Jord.) Juel, E.Markl. & Örtendahl; Index Sem. (Uppsala) 1920: 6 (1921)

= Silene nocturna var. brachypetala (Robill. & Castagne ex DC.) Benth.; Consp. Fl. Eur. 96 (1878)

= Silene nocturna var. calva Maire; [nom. inval.]

= Silene nocturna var. corollina Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1851: 9 (1852)

= Silene nocturna var. micrantha Willk.; Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 1: 69 (1858)

= Silene nocturna var. mutabilis (L.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 115 (1896)

= Silene nocturna var. pauciflora Ser.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 372 (1824)

= Silene nocturna var. permixta (Jord.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 101 (1868h)

= Silene nocturna var. valdeciliata Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 25: 140 (1926)

= Silene nyctantha Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 472 (1809)

= Silene permixta Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. Ser. 2, 1: 243 (1851)

= Silene pinguis Vahl ex Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl. 49 (1819)

= Silene sericea var. apetala (Willd.) Knoche; Fl. Baléar. 1: 471 (1921)

= Silene spicata DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 759 (1805)

subspecies :

subsp. boullui (Rouy & Foucaud) Gamisans; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Corse, éd. 2: 243 (1993)

Distribution: Corsica

12 COR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus reflexus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 416 (1753)

= Silene boullui (Rouy & Foucaud) Kerguélen; Lejeunia n. s. 120: 163 (1987)

= Silene mirabilis subsp. boullui Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 114 (1896)

= Silene nocturna var. boullui (Rouy & Foucaud) Fiori & Paol.; Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 367 (1898)

= Silene reflexa (L.) W.T.Aiton; Hort. Kew., ed. 2 [W.T.Aiton] 3: 86 (1811), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. capraria (Sommier) Peruzzi & Carta; Phytotaxa 88(3): 46 (2013)

Distribution: Italy (Capraia Isl.)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene capraria Sommier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 5: 113 (1898)

species :

Silene nodulosa Viv.; Fl. Cors. Prodr. 6 (1824)

Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia

12 COR SAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene nocturna var. pauciflora (Otth.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 115 (1896)

= Silene pauciflora Salzm. ex Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 382 (1824), nom. illeg., non Ucria

= Silene pauciflora var. burnatii Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 5: 94 (1901)

= Silene subnodulosa Breistr.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Soc. Bot. Lyon 26: 283 (1957), nom. superfl.

species :

Silene notarisii Ces.; Bibliot. Ital. (Milan) 91: 346 (1838)

Distribution: C-Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Silene novorossica Doweld; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 53(1-2): 113 (2016), nom. nov.

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene mirabilis Negru; Maeotic Fl. NW Black Sea Reg. 87 (1986), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene nuda (S.Watson) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 45 (1947)

Name: Western fringed catchfly

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis drummondii var. nuda (S.Watson) Maguire; Madroño 6: 26 (1941)

= Lychnis nuda S.Watson; Botany (Fortieth Parallel) 37 (1871)

= Silene insectivora L.F.Hend.; Rhodora 32: 24 (1930)

= Silene nuda subsp. insectivora (L.F.Hend.) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 45 (1947)

= Silene pectinata S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 344 (1875)

= Silene pectinata var. subnuda B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 140 (1893)

species :

Silene nummica Vals.; Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 30: 452 (1994-95 publ. 1995)

Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Libya

12 COR SAR 13 ITA SIC 20 LBY

species :

Silene nuncupanda Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 28: 6 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene dianthifolia var. pumila Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 275 (1957)

species :

Silene nuratavica Kamelin; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 58(5): 628 (1973)

Distribution: Uzbekistan

32 UZB

species :

Silene nurensis Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 99 (1888)

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, SW-Iran)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene minutifolia Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 274 (1957)

= Silene nurensis var. haesarensis Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 28(2): 143 (1911)

= Silene nurensis var. lalesarensis Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 28(2): 143 (1911)

species :

Silene nutabunda Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 137 (1995)

Distribution: S-Greece (C- & S-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

species :

Silene nutans L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 417 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. nutans

Name: Nickendes Leimkraut (DE); Nottingham Catchfly (EN); Conejera cabizbaja (ES)

Distribution: England (England, Wales, E-Scotland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Canary Isl. (Hierro, Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (Maine [I], Michigan [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Vermont [I])

10 DEN FIN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 21 CNY 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 NCS 51 nzl 75 usa

Remarks: nutans agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus nutans (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 35 (1779)

= Cucubalus quadrifidus Pollini; Giorn. Fis. Chim. Storia Nat. Med. Arti, Dec. 2, 9: 29 (1816)

= Cucubalus rubens (Rohrb.) Roth; Enum. Pl. Phan. Germ. 1(2): 286 (1827)

= Lychnis nutans (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 310 (1771)

= Melandrium nutans (L.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 280 (1842)

= Oncerum nutans (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 256 (1867)

= Otites nutans (L.) Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 71 (1852)

= Silene amblevana Lej.; Fl. Spa 1: 199 (1811)

= Silene brachypoda Rouy; Ill. Pl. Eur. 26 (1895)

= Silene brachypoda var. angustifolia Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 143 (1896)

= Silene brachypoda var. latifolia Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 143 (1896)

= Silene brachypoda var. minor Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 143 (1896)

= Silene broussonetiana Schott ex Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2, 1): 141 (1840)

= Silene ciliata d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 304 (1822), nom. illeg.

= Silene commutata Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 10: 66 (1859), nom. illeg.

= Silene cuprea Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 3: 52 (1839), nom. inval.

= Silene discolor Retz.; Phytogr. Bl. [G.F.Hoffmann] 1: 38 (1803)

= Silene infracta Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 237 (1807)

= Silene longifolia D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 1576 (1840)

= Silene lurida Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 585 (1841), nom. inval.

= Silene nutans f. angustipartita Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 149 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene nutans f. angustissima Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 149 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene nutans f. erecta (Murr) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 3(1): 293 (1910)

= Silene nutans f. glandulifera Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 150 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene nutans f. infracta (Waldst. & Kit.) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl. 249 (1918)

= Silene nutans f. lancifolia Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 148 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene nutans f. oblongocuneata Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 149 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene nutans f. obovata Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 149 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene nutans f. oligantha Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 148 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene nutans f. rubens (Vest) Rohrb.

= Silene nutans f. valida Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 148 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene nutans f. vestita Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 150 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene nutans f. villosula Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 149 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene nutans subsp. brachypoda (Rouy) Graebn. & P.Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5: 212 (1921)

= Silene nutans subsp. glabra (DC.) Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 64: 5 (1963)

= Silene nutans subsp. smithiana (Moss) Jeanm. & Bocquet; Candollea 38: 293 (1983)

= Silene nutans var. amblevana (Lej.) Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 107 (1827), comb. nud.

= Silene nutans var. ampla Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 11: 194 (1913)

= Silene nutans var. baltica Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 150 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene nutans var. brachypoda (Rouy) Molero; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 32(2): 354 (1975)

= Silene nutans var. brachypoda (Rouy) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 323 (1936)

= Silene nutans var. broussonetiana Webb ex Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 100 (1888)

= Silene nutans var. dunensis Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 107 (1827), nomen

= Silene nutans var. erecta Murr; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 10(3/4): 39 (1904)

= Silene nutans var. filiformis Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 6: ? (1865)

= Silene nutans var. glabra DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 605 (1815)

= Silene nutans var. glabrior Wahlenb.; Fl. Suec. [Wahlenberg] 1: 272 (1824)

= Silene nutans var. glabriuscula Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 149 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene nutans var. imtermedia A.Bolòs & O.Bolòs; Veg. Com. Barcelona 295 (1950)

= Silene nutans var. infracta (Kit.) Wahlenb.; Fl. Carpat. Princ. 128 (1814)

= Silene nutans var. laciniata Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 167 (1812)

= Silene nutans var. latifolia Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1862: 31 (1862)

= Silene nutans var. majus Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 167 (1812)

= Silene nutans var. rehmannii Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 150 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene nutans var. rubella Hampe; Prodr. Fl. Hercyn. 30 (1836), nom. inval.

= Silene nutans var. salmoniana Hepper; Watsonia 2: 82 (1951)

= Silene nutans var. sandomiriensis Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 149 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene nutans var. smithiana Moss; Cambr. Brit. Fl. 3: 80 (1920)

= Silene nutans var. spathulifolia (Jord.) Burnat; Fl. Alpes Marit. 1: 213 (1892)

= Silene nutans var. subcanescens Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 821 (1832)

= Silene nutans var. subverticillaris Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 144 (1896)

= Silene nutans var. subverticillata Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 144 (1896)

= Silene nutans var. vulgaris [Cambr.Brit.Fl.3: 79 (1920), nom.inval.]

= Silene paradoxa Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 246 (1813) non L.

= Silene pelidna Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 821 (1832)

= Silene pollinii Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 232 (1855)

= Silene polyphylla Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 397 (1816) non L.

= Silene quadrifida Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 378 (1824)

= Silene rubens Vest; Flora 4: 150 (1821)

= Silene subnutans Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 78 (1865)

= Silene transsilvanica Schur; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 8: 22 (1858)

= Viscago nutans (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 344 (1868)

subspecies :

subsp. dubia (Herbich) Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 151 (1911 publ. 1912)

Distribution: Slovakia; European Russia

11 SLO 14 RUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene dubia Herbich; Fl. Bucovina 388 (1859)

= Silene dubia Herbich ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 217 (1869)

subspecies :

subsp. insubrica (Gaudin) Soldano; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 131(15): 248 (1991), et Candollea 56: 137 (2001)

Distribution: Germany [I]; S-Switzerland; S-Austria; SE-France; N-Italy; Croatia; Montenegro

11 AUT ger SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO ITA MNT

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene insubrica Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 173 (1828)

= Silene livida Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 474 (1809)

= Silene nutans subsp. livida (Willd.) Gremli; Excursionsfl. Schweiz, ed. 3: 97 (1878)

= Silene nutans subsp. livida (Willd.) Jeanm. & Bocquet; Candollea 38: 291 (1983), isonym

= Silene nutans var. livida (Willd.) Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 378 (1824)

= Silene nutans var. viridella Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 377 (1824)

= Silene spathulifolia Jord.; Cat. Graines Jard. Dijon 1848: 31 (1848)

= Silene viridella Link; Handbuch [Link] 2: 242 (1831)

species :

Silene nyalamensis (L.H.Zhou) Lidén; Edinburgh J. Bot. 80-367: 17 (2023)

Distribution: S-Tibet

36 TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium nyalamense L.H.Zhou; Fl. Xizang. 1: 727, f. 214, 12-16 (1983)

species :

Silene oblanceolata W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(55): 227-228 (1919)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, N-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandryum oblanceolatum (W.W.Sm.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 206-207 (1929)

species :

Silene obovata Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 680 (1936), rossice, et Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 2: 139 (1936), latine, nom. illeg., non A. E. Porsild

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan (Tianshan)

32 KAZ KGZ

species :

Silene obscura Vorosch.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 83: 34 (1972)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye)

31 RFE

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium obscurum (Vorosch.) Bezd.; Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal´nego Vostoka 8: 121 (1996)

species :

Silene obtusidentata B.Fedtsch. & Popov; Descr. Pl. Nov. Turkestan. [Korovin, Kultiasow & Popov] 44 (1916)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene monantha Bondarenko & Vved.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 2: 324 (1971), nom. illeg.

= Silene pskemensis B.Fedtsch. ex Korovin, Kult. & Popov; Descr. Pl. Nov. Turkestan. [Korovin, Kultiasow & Popov] 44 (1916)

species :

Silene obtusifolia Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 473 (1809)

Distribution: S-Portugal; S-Spain; Gibraltar; Morocco; Algeria

12 GIB POR SPA 20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene cheiranthifolia Salzm. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 102 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene colorata Schousb. ex Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 412 (1813), nom. inval.

= Silene geminiflora Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 472 (1809)

= Silene mauritanica Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 2: 328 (1875)

= Silene mogadorensis Pit.; Explor. Sci. Maroc, Bot. 79 (1913) non Coss. & Balansa

species :

Silene occidentalis S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 343 (1875)

Name: Western catchfly

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene occidentalis subsp. longistipitata C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 34, fig. 47c & d (1947)

species :

Silene odontopetala Fenzl; Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr. 9 (1842)

subspecies :

subsp. odontopetala

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] (Adzharia); Armenia; Azerbaijan (Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Saudi Arabia

33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene araxina Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3: 278 (1875)

= Silene artwinensis Schischk.; Izv. Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 77: 291 (1927)

= Silene candicans Čelak.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 26: 321 (1876)

= Silene cerastiifolia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 626 (1867)

= Silene odontopetala subsp. physocalyx (Ledeb.) Bornm. & Gauba; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 91 (1935)

= Silene odontopetala var. cerastifolia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 625 (1867)

= Silene odontopetala var. glabrifolia Blakelock; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 188 (1939)

= Silene odontopetala var. latifolia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 626 (1867)

= Silene odontopetala var. rupestris Assadi; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 168: 658 (2023)

= Silene physocalyx Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 321 (1842)

= Silene raddeana Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 2: 472 (1873)

= Silene sinaica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 25 (1846)

subspecies :

subsp. congesta (Boiss.) Melzh.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 163: 376 (1988)

Distribution: Iran; Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai)

34 IRN SIN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene odontopetala var. congesta Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 626 (1867)

species :

Silene odoratissima Bunge; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 2: 148 (1830)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; China (Xinjiang)

32 KAZ TKM 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Cheiropetalum radians E.Fr. ex Urb.; Index Sem. (Berlin) 1881(App.): 11 (1881)

= Silene odoratissima var. olgiana (B.Fedtsch.) Kozhevn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22: 105 (1985)

= Silene olgiana B.Fedtsch.

= Silene radians Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 168 (1842)

species :

Silene oenotriae Brullo; Nordic J. Bot. 17(6): 649 (1997 publ. 1998)

Distribution: S-Italy

13 ITA

species :

Silene ohwii T.C.Hsu, C.K.Liao & S.W.Chung; Phytotaxa 432(3): 296 (2020), nom. nov.

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene nubigena (Ohwi) Ohwi & Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 49(11): 345 (1974)

= Melandrium nubigenum Ohwi; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 48 (1934)

species :

Silene olgae (Maxim.) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 687 (1869 publ. 1870)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye)

31 RFE

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe olgae (Maxim.) Devyatov & V.N.Tikhom.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 97(3): 124 (1992)

= Melandrium olgae Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 15: 225 (1870)

= Neoussuria olgae (Maxim.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 34: 299 (2002)

= Ussuria olgae (Maxim.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 100 (2001)

species :

Silene oligantha Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 1: 5 (1854)

subspecies :

subsp. oligantha

Distribution: NC-Greece (Mt. Olimbos)

13 GRC

Remarks: radicosa agg.

subspecies :

subsp. parnesia Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 117 (1995)

Distribution: C-Greece (Attiki)

13 GRC

subspecies :

subsp. pseudoradicosa (Rech.f.) Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 117 (1995)

Distribution: C-Greece (W-Evvoia)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene radicosa subsp. pseudoradicosa Rech.f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 80: 320 (1961)

species :

Silene oligotricha Hub.-Mor.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 28: 5 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene oliveriana Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 373 (1824)

Distribution: Tunisia; Libya; Egypt; Turkey; Iraq; Cyprus; Syria; Israel; Sinai peninsula; Jordania; Saudi Arabia; Yemen; Iran (Kermanshah)

20 EGY LBY TUN 34 CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene colorata subsp. oliveriana (Otth) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 11 6 (1869)

= Silene colorata var. oliveriana (Otth) E.A.Durand & Barratte; Fl. Libyc. Prodr. 36 (1910)

species :

Silene olympica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 24 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene bracteata Boiss.; Asie Min., Bot. [P.A.Tchichatscheff] 1: 200 (1860)

variant :

var. erciyesdaghensis (Aksoy & Hamzaoğlu) Yıldız & Çirpici; Türk. Bitkileri List. 362 (2012)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene erciyesdaghensis Aksoy & Hamzaoğlu; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 158(4): 730 (2008)

species :

Silene ophioglossa Huan C.Wang & Feng Yang; PhytoKeys 225: 101 (2023)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene orbelica Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 126 (1995)

Distribution: NE-Greece (S-Rodopi)

13 GRC

species :

Silene oreades Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 92 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: saxifraga agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene saxifraga var. oreades (Boiss. & Heldr.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 139 (1868)

species :

Silene oregana S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 343 (1875)

Name: Oregon silene

Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene filisecta M.Peck; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 47: 186 (1934)

= Silene gormanii Howell; Fl. N.W. Amer. [Howell] 1: 77 (1897)

= Silene oregana var. filisecta M.Peck; Man. Pl. Oregon 296 (1941)

species :

Silene oreina Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 603 (1936), rossice, et Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 2: 142 (1936), latine

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 TZK UZB

species :

Silene oreophila Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 617 (1867)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Syria (C-Syrian Desert)

34 IRQ SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene oreophila var. latifolia Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 267 (1957)

species :

Silene oreoploca Lidén; Edinburgh J. Bot. 80-367: 3 (2023), nom. nov.

Distribution: Tibet

36 TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium linearifolium L.H.Zhou; Fl. Xizang. 1: 714 (1983)

species :

Silene oreosinaica Chowdhry; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 22: 269 (1957)

Distribution: Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai)

34 SIN

species :

Silene orientalimongolica Kozhevn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 68, f. 2 (1984)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Magadan); China (Nei Mongol); Mongolia

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma sibiricum (L.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 416 (1831)

= Coronaria sibirica (L.) Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(2): 9 (1920)

= Lychnis sibirica f. glabra Peschkova; Stepnaya Fl. Baykal´skoy Sibiri 56 (1972), without type

= Lychnis sibirica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 437 (1753) (not Silene sibirica (L.) Pers. (1805))

= Lychnis sibirica var. arenosa Peschkova; Stepnaya Fl. Baykal´skoy Sibiri 56 (1972), without type

= Melandrium orientalimongolicum (Kozhevn.) Y.Z.Zhao; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Intramongol. 16(4): 586 (1985)

= Melandrium sibiricum (L.) A.Braun; Flora 26: 371 (1843)

= Silene linnaeana Vorosch.; Florist. Issl. Razn. Raionakh S.S.S.R. [A.K.Skvortsov] 167 (1985), nom. nov. superfl.

= Sofianthe sibirica (L.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 97 (2001)

= Sofianthe sibirica var. arenosa Peschkova ex N.V.Vlassova; Rast. Mir Aziatsk. Rossii 3(31): 40 (2018)

species :

Silene orientoalborzensis F.Jafari & Mirtadz.; Phytotaxa 425(1): 36 (2019)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Silene ornata Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 96 (1789)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium ornatum (Aiton) Asch. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 231, 232, 233 (1869)

= Silene bellidifolia Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 81 (1794)

species :

Silene oropediorum Coss.; Ill. Fl. Atlant. 1: 132 (1891)

Distribution: S-Spain; Morocco; Algeria

12 SPA 20 ALG MOR

species :

Silene orphanidis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 651 (1867)

Distribution: NE-Greece (Athos)

13 GRC

species :

Silene otites (L.) Wibel; Prim. Fl. Werth. [Wibel] 241 (1799)

subspecies :

subsp. otites

Name: Ohrlöffel-Leimkraut (DE), Spanish Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: England (E-England: Norfolk); Denmark; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium [I]; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, +Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; N-Greece; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; C-European Russia; N-European Russia; Ukraine; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); China (N-Xinjiang)

10 DEN fin GRB 11 AUT bgm CZE GER HUN NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 34 TUR 36 CHI

Remarks: otites agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus dioicus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 167 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Cucubalus effusus Fisch. ex Ser.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 370 (1824)

= Cucubalus hermaphroditus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 167 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Cucubalus otites L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 415 (1753)

= Cucubalus otites var. dioicus Borkh.; Rhein. Mag. Erweiter. Naturk. 1(Fl. Grafsch. Catzenelnbogen): 523 (1793), nom. inval.

= Cucubalus otites var. hermaphroditus Borkh.; Rhein. Mag. Erweiter. Naturk. 1(Fl. Grafsch. Catzenelnbogen): 523 (1793)

= Cucubalus parviflorus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 26 (1779)

= Diplogama otites (L.) Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 38 (1852)

= Lychnis otites (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 305 (1771)

= Otites cuneifolius Raf.; Autik. Bot. 25 (1840)

= Otites cuneifolius subsp. arenarius (Podp.) Holub; Preslia 58: 302 (1986)

= Otites trichocalycinus (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 437 (1970)

= Silene effusa Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 370 (1824)

= Silene otites (L.) Sm.; Comp. Fl. Brit. 2: 469 (1800), isonym

= Silene otites f. subfoliosa Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 143 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene otites var. angustifolia Dierb.; Mag. Pharm. 4: 43 (1826)

= Silene otites var. calcicola (Schur) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 140 (1896)

= Silene otites var. intermedia Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 140 (1896)

= Silene otites var. spathulifolia Dierb.; Mag. Pharm. 4: 43 (1826)

= Silene otites var. umbellata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 369 (1824)

= Silene pedicellata Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 608 (1867), nom. illeg.

= Silene trichocalycina (Boiss.) Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 89: 108 (1936)

= Viscago otites (L.) Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 2: 411 (1813)

= Viscago polygama Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 533 (1812)

subspecies :

subsp. baldaccii (Rohlena) Zi.Pavletić; Suppl. Fl. Anal. Jugosl. 6: 12 (1979)

Distribution: Montenegro

13 MNT

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites baldaccii (Rohlena) Holub; Preslia 70(2): 109 (1998)

= Silene baldaccii (Rohlena) A.W.Hill; Index Kew., Suppl. 6: 194 [1916-1920] (1926)

= Silene baldaccii Rohlena; Magyar Bot. Lapok 3: 322 (1905), pro var.

= Silene otites var. baldaccii Rohlena; Magyar Bot. Lapok 3: 322 (1905)

subspecies :

subsp. colpophylla (Wrigley) J.-M.Tison; Evaxiana 8: 223 (2021)

Distribution: SE-France

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene colpophylla Wrigley; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 23(1): 77 (1986)

subspecies :

subsp. hungarica F.Wrigley; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 23(1): 74 (1986)

Distribution: Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; Serbia

11 AUT HUN SLO 13 SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites cuneifolius subsp. hungaricus (Wrigley) Holub; Preslia 70: 109 (1998)

= Silene hungarica (Wrigley) Niketić & Stevan.; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59(4): 393 (2007)

subspecies :

subsp. velebitica Degen; Fl. Veleb. 2: 83 (1937)

Distribution: Croatia

13 CRO

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites velebiticus (Degen) Holub; Preslia 58: 302 (1986)

= Silene velebitica (Degen) Wrigley; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 23(1): 70 (1986)

species :

Silene otodonta Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 426-427 (1886)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene ovalifolia (Regel & Schmalh.) Popov; Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot. 3: 99 (1928)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Kabul, Laghman, Logar, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Pakistan (Kurram)

32 TKM TZK 34 AFG 40 PAK

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe ovalifolia (Regel & Schmalh.) Devyatov & Tikhom.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 97(3): 123 (1992)

= Melandrium ovalifolium Regel & Schmalh.; Descr. Pl. Nov. Rar. Fedtsch. 15 (1882)

= Silene macronychia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 6: 100 (1888)

= Silene ovalifolia (Regel & Schmalh.) Melzh.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 163: 476 (1988), isonym

species :

Silene ovata Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 316 (1813)

Name: Blue Ridge catchfly

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia)

78 USA

species :

Silene oxelmanii Gholipour; Phytotaxa 303(2): 181 (2017)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Silene oxyodonta Barbey; Herboris. Levant 121 (1882)

Distribution: Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Jordania (E-Jordania, S-Jordania)

34 ISR JOR

species :

Silene ozyurtii Aksoy & Hamzaoğlu; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 46(5): 431 (2009)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene paeoniensis Bornm.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 36: 44 (1925)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

species :

Silene paghmanica Gilli; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 59: 176 (1956)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul, Laghman, Wardak)

34 AFG

species :

Silene pakistanica Lazkov; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 102: 438 (2000)

Distribution: Pakistan

40 PAK

species :

Silene paktiensis Podlech & Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 150(3-4): 309 (1985)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Paktia / Khost)

34 AFG

species :

Silene palaestina Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 80 (1849)

Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai)

34 ISR LEB SIN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene fulgida Kotschy ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 103 (1869), nom. inval.

species :

Silene palinotricha Fenzl & Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 621 (1867)

Distribution: Azerbaijan; Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran)

33 AZE 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene grossheimii Schischk.; Trudy Geobot. Obsl. Pastb. S.S.R. Azerbaijdzhana, Ser. A, Zimn. Pastb. 7: 89 (1931)

= Silene palinotricha var. subglabra Bornm.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 118 (1905)

species :

Silene panjutinii Kolak.; Fl. Abkhazii, ed. 2, 1: 177 (1980) nom. nov.

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] (Adzharia)

33 GEO

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene boissieri Panjutin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 9(3): 107 (1946), nom. illeg., non Tineo ex Rohrb.

species :

Silene paphlagonica Bornm.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 30: 60 (1931)

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene papillosa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 39 (1843)

Name: Warziges Leimkraut (DE); Warty Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Ikaria, Samos, Kos, Rhodos); Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel)

34 CYP EAI ISR LEB SYR TUR

species :

Silene paradoxa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 1673 (1763)

Distribution: France; Corsica; Italy; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (mountains of NW-, NC-, C-Greece south to Mt. Giona)

12 COR FRA 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene paradoxa var. angustifolia Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 149 (1896)

= Silene paradoxa var. tenuicaulis Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 149 (1896)

= Silene paradoxa var. tenuifolia Ser.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 381 (1824)

= Silene paradoxa var. umbilicata Griseb.; Index Sem. (Göttingen) 1876: 8 (1876)

= Viscago paradoxa (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 344 (1868)

species :

Silene paranadena Bondarenko & Vved.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 2: 325 (1971)

Distribution: Uzbekistan

32 UZB

species :

Silene parishii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 366 (1882)

Name: Parish´s catchfly

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene parishii var. latifolia C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 47 (1947)

= Silene parishii var. viscida C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 46 (1947)

species :

Silene parjumanensis Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 16: 533 (1980)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Baghlan, Farah, Ghorat)

34 AFG

species :

Silene parnassica Boiss. & Spruner; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 91 (1849)

subspecies :

subsp. parnassica

Distribution: Italy; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (mountains of NW-, C-Greece, Peloponnisos)

13 ALB GRC ITA KOS NMA

Remarks: saxifraga agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene saxifraga subsp. parnassica (Boiss. & Spruner) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 269 (1924)

= Silene fruticulosa var. parnassica (Boiss. & Spruner) Halácsy; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 5: 706 (1899)

subspecies :

subsp. dionysii (Stoj. & Jordanov) Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 129 (1995)

Distribution: NC-Greece (Mt. Olimbos to Mt. Ossa)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene dionysii Stoj. & Jordanov; God. Sofiisk. Univ. Fiz.-Mat. Fak. 34: 175 (1938) (Bot. Stud. Thessal. Olymp. (Jahrb. Univ. Sofia, Phys.-Math. Fak. Nat. 34(3): 1937/38): 175 (1938))

= Silene dionysii var. elata Stoj. & Jordanov; God. Sofiisk. Univ. Fiz.-Mat. Fak. 34: 176 (1937-1938 publ. 1938)

= Silene dionysii var. pumila Stoj. & Jordanov; God. Sofiisk. Univ. Fiz.-Mat. Fak. 34: 176 (1937-1938 publ. 1938)

subspecies :

subsp. pindicola (Hausskn.) Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 129 (1995)

Distribution: Albania; NW-Greece (Grammos, Smolikas, Timfi)

13 ALB GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene pindicola Hausskn.; Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena 5: 85 (1887)

subspecies :

subsp. serbica (Vierh. & Adamović) Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 129 (1995)

Distribution: Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; NW-Greece (around Lake Prespa)

13 ALB GRC KOS MNT NMA SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene multicaulis subsp. serbica (Vierh. & Adamović) Trinajstić & Zi.Pavletić; Anal. Fl. Jugosl. 1: 677 (1979)

= Silene multicaulis var. serbica (Vierh. & Adamović) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 269 (1924)

= Silene serbica Vierh. & Adamović; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereins Univ. Wien 4: 51 (1906)

= Silene tubicalyx Trinajstić & Zi.Pavletić; Suppl. Fl. Anal. Jugosl. 6: 13 (1979)

subspecies :

subsp. vourinensis Greuter; Willdenowia 14(1): 47 (1984)

Distribution: NC-Greece (Mt. Vernonas)

13 GRC

species :

Silene parrowiana Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 97 (1888)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene parryi (S.Watson) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 36 (1947)

Name: Parry´s silene

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington State, Wyoming)

71 CDN 73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis parryi S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 248 (1877)

= Silene douglasii var. macounii (S.Watson) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 144 (1893)

= Silene macounii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 124 (1891)

= Silene scouleri var. macounii (S.Watson) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 646 (1966)

= Silene tetonensis E.Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 30: 117 (1900)

= Silene tetragyna Suksd.; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 16(Heft 11): 212 (1898)

= Wahlbergella parryi (S.Watson) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 319 (1912)

species :

Silene patagonica (Speg.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 37 (1967)

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Rio Negro); Chile (Aisén, Magallanes)

85 ARG CLE

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis patagonica f. glabriuscula H.Ross; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 57: 450 (1907)

= Lychnis patagonica Speg.; Revista Fac. Agron. Univ. Nac. La Plata 597 (1897)

= Melandrium densifolium Dusén; Ark. Bot. 7(2): 17 (1907)

= Melandrium patagonicum (Speg.) Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 2, 7: 240 (1902)

= Silene densifolia (Dusén) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 37 (1967)

= Silene maritima var. patagonica (Bocquet) Hauman; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 190 (1923)

species :

Silene patula Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 356 (1798)

subspecies :

subsp. patula

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene italica subsp. fontanesiana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 36: 99 (1945)

= Silene italica var. adenocalyx (Emb. & Maire) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 233 (1932)

= Silene italica var. brevipes (Maire) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 44: 296 (1953)

= Silene italica var. cyrenaica Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 266 (1939)

= Silene italica var. maura Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 36: 99 (1945)

= Silene italica var. patula (Desf.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 988 (1941)

= Silene italica var. rhodantha (Maire) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 233 (1932)

= Silene longicilia var. adenocalyx Emb. & Maire; Pl. Marocc. Nov. 3: 2 (1930)

= Silene longicilia var. brevipes Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 16 (1929)

= Silene maurisca Pau; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 31: 96 (1932 publ. 1934)

= Silene mellifera var. rhodantha Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 15: 17 (1926)

= Silene patula var. hirticaulis Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 52: 278 (1943)

= Silene patula var. rhodantha (Maire) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 233 (1932)

subspecies :

subsp. amurensis (Pomel) Jeanm.; Willdenowia 14: 47 (1984)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene amurensis Pomel; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algérie 11: 209 (1874)

= Silene dysmica Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 52: 280 (1943)

= Silene italica var. amurensis (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 139 (1888)

= Silene italica var. denticulata Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 28: 344 (1937)

= Silene italica var. hesperia Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 14: 129 (1923)

= Silene italica var. rosea Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 36: 99 (1945)

= Silene italica var. wallii Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 212 (1936)

= Silene patula var. hesperia (Maire) Jeanm.; Candollea 39(2): 618 (1984)

= Silene patula var. tananorum Jeanm.; Candollea 39(2): 619 (1984)

species :

Silene peduncularis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 30 (1843)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (Nachichevan); Turkey; Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene arguta Boiss. & Buhse; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 642 (1867), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene peloritana C.Brullo, Brullo, Giusso, Miniss. & Sciandr.; Phytotaxa 172(3): 257 (2014)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Silene pendula L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 418 (1753)

Name: Nodding catchfly (EN), Hängendes Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Baleares [I]; ?Corsica [I]; Sardinia [I]; S-Italy; Sicily; Malta [I]; Croatia [I]; Serbia [I]; Kosovo [I]; Romania [I]; Greece [I]; +Estonia [I]; C-European Russia [I]; Ukraine [I]; South Africa [I] (Gauteng [I]); Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Turkey [I]; Taiwan [I]; Java [I]; New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Maine [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Oregon [I], Wyoming [I]); Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]

11 aut ger 12 bal por sar spa 13 cro grc ITA kos mlt rom SIC srb 14 est rus ukr 27 saf 33 geo ncs 34 tur 38 tai 42 jaw 51 nzl 71 cdn 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 84 bra 85 arg uru

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene barbata E.Vilm.; Fl. Pleine Terre 820 (1863)

= Silene cisplatensis Cambess.; Fl. Bras. Merid. [A.St.-Hilaire] 2: 163 (1829)

= Silene cretica E.Vilm.; Fl. Pleine Terre, éd. 3: 1070 (1870), nom. illeg.

= Silene crispa Moench; Methodus [Moench] 706 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Silene graeca E.Vilm.; Fl. Pleine Terre, éd. 2: 865 (1866), nom. inval.

= Silene pendula var. ruberrima Barr & Sugden; Nursery Cat. (Barr & Son) 1866(Autumn): 4 (1866)

= Silene rosea E.Vilm.; Fl. Pleine Terre, éd. 2: 865 (1866), nom. inval.

species :

Silene penduliflora F.Jafari, Keshavarzi & Doostm.; Eur. J. Taxon. 860: 52 (2023)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Silene pentelica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 74 (1846)

Distribution: Greece (Evvoia, E-Attiki, Kiklades: Andros, Kithnos, Serifos, Folegandros); East Aegaean Isl. (Ikaria)

13 GRC 34 EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene sedoides subsp. pentelica (Boiss.) Nyman

species :

Silene perlmanii W.L.Wagner, D.R.Herbst & Sohmer; Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 29: 94 (1989)

Distribution: +Hawaii (+Oahu)

63 HAW

Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Extinct, USA Status: Endangered

species :

Silene persepolitana Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 150: 314 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (S-Iran)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene meyeri var. hirsuta Fenzl ex Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 38 (1860)

species :

Silene persica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 27 (1843)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran); Turkmenistan

32 TKM 34 IRN

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium eriocalycinum var. persicum Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 9 (1860)

= Melandrium persicum (Boiss. & Buhse) Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 92 (1935)

= Silene angistoma Fenzl ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 622 (1867), nom. inval.

= Silene dictyoneura Rech.f. & Esfand.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 348 (1951)

= Silene latifolia subsp. persica (Boiss. & Buhse) Melzh.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 163: 473 (1988)

= Silene persica subsp. longicalycina Assadi; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 168: 798 (2023)

species :

Silene petersonii Maguire; Madroño 6: 24 (1941)

Name: Plateau catchfly

Distribution: USA (Nevada, Utah)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene petersonii var. minor C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 38 (1947)

species :

Silene petrarchae Ferrarini & Cecchi; Webbia 56: 249 (2001)

Distribution: SE-France

12 FRA

Remarks: vallesia agg.

species :

Silene pharnaceifolia Fenzl; Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr. 9 (1842)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon)

34 LEB TUR

species :

Silene phoenicodonta Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 422 (1886)

Distribution: China (E-Sichuan, S-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene phrygia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 644 (1867)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene physalodes Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 83 (1849)

Distribution: Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel)

34 ISR

species :

Silene physocalycina (Hausskn. & Bornm.) Melzh.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 163: 470, t. 227, 474, ff. 4-6 (1988)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq)

34 IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium physocalycinum Hausskn. & Bornm.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 7: 115 (1899)

species :

Silene pichiana Ferrarini & Cecchi; Webbia 56(2): 246 (2001)

Distribution: NC-Italy (Liguria)

13 ITA

Remarks: vallesia agg.

species :

Silene pinetorum Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 75 (1849)

subspecies :

subsp. pinetorum

Distribution: E-Crete

13 KRI

subspecies :

subsp. sphaciotica Oxelman & Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 134 (1995)

Distribution: W-Crete

13 KRI

species :

Silene plankii C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 56 (1947)

Name: Plank´s catchfly

Distribution: USA (New Mexico, Texas)

77 USA

species :

Silene platyphylla Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 419 (1886)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, W-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium platyphyllum (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 204 (1929)

= Melandrium platyphyllum f. involucrata (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 204 (1929)

= Melandrium praticolum (W.W.Sm.) Pax & K.Hoffm.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 343 (1934)

= Silene platyphylla f. congesta Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 419 (1886)

= Silene platyphylla f. involucrata Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 419 (1886)

= Silene platyphylla f. paniculifera Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 419 (1886)

= Silene platyphylla var. praticola (W.W.Sm.) C.Y.Wu; Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 1: 428 (1993)

= Silene praticola W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(55): 228-229 (1919)

species :

Silene plurifolia Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 642 (1936), rossice, et Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 2: 140 (1936), latine

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 TZK UZB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene lepidifera Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 546, 657 (1968)

= Silene leptocaulis Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 645, 888 (1936). rossice

species :

Silene plutonica Naudin ex Gay; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 1: 258 (1846)

Distribution: Argentina (Rio Negro); Chile (Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Araucanía, Los Lagos)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium chilense var. plutonicum (Naudin) Hosseus; Trab. Inst. Bot. Farmacol. 33: 34 (1915)

= Melandrium plutonicum (Naudin ex Gay) Reiche & Johow; Fl. Chile [Reiche] 1: 177 (1895)

= Silene glandulosa Hampe ex Walp.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 302 (1843)

species :

Silene poa Lidén; Edinburgh J. Bot. 80-367: 26 (2023)

Distribution: NW-India (Uttaranchal); Nepal

40 IND NEP

species :

Silene pogonocalyx (Svent.) Bramwell; Bot. Macaronés. 25: 161 (2004)

Name: Bartkelchiges Leimkraut (DE); Canutillo palmero (ES)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (La Palma, ?Hierro)

21 CNY

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene italica var. pogonocalyx Svent.; Index Sem. Hortus Acclim. Pl. Arautap. 44 (1969)

species :

Silene polypetala (Walter) Fernald & B.G.Schub.; Rhodora 50: 198 (1948)

Name: Eastern fringed catchfly

Distribution: USA (Florida, Georgia)

78 USA

Remarks: Subgen. Oberna

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus polypetalus Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 141 (1788)

= Melandrium baldwinii (Nutt.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 231, 232 (1869)

= Silene baldwinii Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 288 (1818)

= Silene fimbriata Baldwin; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 1: 515 (1821), nom. illeg., non Sims (1806)

species :

Silene pomelii Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: 219 (1891)

subspecies :

subsp. pomelii

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene pomelii var. dolichocarpa (Maire) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 223 (1932)

= Silene tagadirtensis var. dolichocarpa Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 16 (1929)

= Silene pomelii var. battandieri Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 76 (1963)

subspecies :

subsp. adusta (Ball) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 223 (1932)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene corrugata subsp. adusta Ball; J. Bot. 11: 301 (1873)

= Silene corrugata var. adusta (Ball) Ball; Spicil. Fl. Marocc. [Ball]: 360 (1877)

= Silene pomelii var. brevipedunculata (Emb. & Maire) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 224 (1932)

= Silene pomelii var. rosella (Maire) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 223 (1932)

= Silene tagadirtensis f. brevipedunculata Emb. & Maire; Pl. Marocc. Nov. 3: 2 (1930)

= Silene tagadirtensis Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund., Ser. 2, 18(3): 35 (1922)

= Silene tagadirtensis var. rosella Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 16 (1929)

species :

Silene popovii Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 659 (1936)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 TZK UZB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene tenerrima Popov; Descr. Pl. Nov. Turkestan. [Korovin, Kultiasow & Popov] 40 (1916)

species :

Silene porandica Gilli; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 59: 177 (1956)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Parwan)

34 AFG

species :

Silene portensis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 420 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. portensis

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; France; +Corsica; +Italy

12 COR FRA POR SPA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Muscipula portensis (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 344 (1868)

= Silene bicolor Thore; Essai Chloris 174 (1803), nom. illeg.

= Silene clandestina var. angustifolia Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 376 (1824)

= Silene picta Desf.; Tabl. École Bot. 159 (1804)

= Silene polyphylla L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 420 (1753)

= Silene portensis var. anastomosans (Lag.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 55 (1889)

= Silene portensis var. viridiflora Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 135 (1912)

= Silene vilipensa Kunze; Index Sem. (Leipzig, Lipsiensis) (1845)

= Silene vilis Bartl.; Index Sem. (Göttingen) 1845: 7 (1845)

subspecies :

subsp. maura Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 14 (1927)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Silene praelonga Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 552, 658 (1968)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 TZK UZB

species :

Silene praemixta Popov; Key Fl. Tashkent [Vvedensky et al.] 1: 110 (1924), nomen, et Bull. Univ. As. Centr. 9: Suppl. 37 (1925), descr.

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene turkestanica Regel & Schmalh.; Izv. Imp. Obshch. Lyubit. Estestv. Moskovsk. Univ. 34(2): 13 (1882), non Regel (1873)

species :

Silene pravitziana Rech.f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 349 (1951)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene prilepensis Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki, Makedonska Akad. Nauk Umet. 9(1-2): 39 (1988 publ. 1991)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

species :

Silene principis Oxelman & Lidén; Novon 11: 323 (2001)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium platypetalum (Bureau & Franch.) F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 34: 431 (1899)

= Silene platypetala Bureau & Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 5(2): 22 (1891) (not Otth (1824))

species :

Silene procera Lidén; Edinburgh J. Bot. 80-367: 14 (2023)

Distribution: Nepal; Tibet

36 TIB 40 NEP

species :

Silene procumbens Murray; Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 1784: 83. t. 2 (1786)

Distribution: +Latvia [I]; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus

14 lat RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 NCS

Remarks: Subgen. Oberna

Synonyms: hidden

= Behenantha procumbens (Murray) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 12: 200 (1975)

= Cucubalus polyphyllus Fisch.; Cat. Jard. Pl. Gorenki, ed. 2, 60 (1812), nomen

= Oberna procumbens (Murray) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 120 (1976)

= Silene decumbens Schreb. ex Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 369 (1824), nom. inval.

species :

Silene psammitis Spreng.; Novi Provent. [Sprengel] 39 (1819)

subspecies :

subsp. psammitis

Distribution: Portugal; Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: littorea agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene agrostemma Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 8 (1842)

= Silene villosa Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 90 (1839), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. lasiostyla (Boiss.) Rivas Goday; Anales Real Acad. Farm. 38: 461 (1972), without basionym ref., et 38(3): 461 (1972), with basionym ref.

Distribution: SE-Spain; NW-Morocco

12 SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene lasiostyla Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 79 (1849)

= Silene psammitis var. lasiostyla (Boiss.) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 651 (1878)

species :

Silene pseudaucheriana Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 150: 314 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene pseudoatocion Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 353 (1798)

Name: North African catchfly

Distribution: Spain; Baleares; ?Sardinia; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Nile Delta); Iraq (NW-Iraq); USA [I] (California [I])

12 BAL SPA 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 34 IRQ 76 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene pseudoatocion f. oranensis Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 138 (1888)

= Silene pseudoatocion var. oranensis (Batt.) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 188 (1963)

species :

Silene pseudocashmeriana Bocquet & Chater; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 56 (1979)

Distribution: Tibet; Nepal

36 TIB 40 NEP

species :

Silene pseudofortunei H.P.Tsui & C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2: 429 (1980)

Distribution: China (S-Shanxi, E-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene pseudoholopetala Lazkov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 80(11): 105 (1995)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; China (Xinjiang)

32 KGZ 36 CHI

species :

Silene pseudoindica Lidén; Angiosp. Syst. [Felicitation Vol. Dr. Tariq Husain] Chapt. 4: 1, figs. 1-3 (2019)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Silene pseudonurensis Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 150: 315 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene pseudoverticillata Nasir; Biologia (Lahore) 6: 186 (1960)

Distribution: N-Pakistan (Chitral)

40 PAK

Remarks: status doubtful

species :

Silene pseudovestita Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 45: 236 (1898)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

species :

Silene pterosperma Maxim.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11: 67 (1889)

Distribution: China

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene gracilicaulis var. longipedicellata C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2: 437-438, f. 6 (1980)

= Silene tenuis var. dentata Y.W.Cui & L.H.Zhou; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 9: 58 (1980)

species :

Silene pubicalycina C.Y.Wu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4(2): 151-152, f. 5, 1-5 (1982)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

species :

Silene pubicalyx Bondarenko & Vved.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 2: 325 (1971)

Distribution: Uzbekistan

32 UZB

species :

Silene pugionifolia Popov; Descr. Pl. Nov. Turkestan. [Korovin, Kultiasow & Popov] 46 (1916)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan (Tianshan)

32 KAZ KGZ UZB

species :

Silene pungens Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 32 (1843)

Distribution: Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 ARM 34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene chustupica Nersesian; Fl. Rastitel´nost´ Rastitel´nye Resursy Armen. 16: 104 (2007)

species :

Silene puranensis (L.H.Zhou) C.Y.Wu & H.Chuang; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 26: 321 (1996)

Distribution: SW-Tibet (Burang Xian)

36 TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium puranense L.H.Zhou; Fl. Xizang. 1: 718, f. 220, 7-9 (1983)

species :

Silene purii Bocquet & N.P.Saxena; Advances Pl. Morphol. 172: 427 (1972)

Distribution: Bhutan

40 BHU

species :

Silene pygmaea Adams; Beitr. Naturk. [Weber & Mohr] 1: 59 (1805)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene ledebourii Heynh.; Alph. Aufz. Gew. 667 (1847)

= Silene petraea Ledeb. & Schrank; Syll. Pl. Nov. 1: 211 (1824), nom. illeg.

= Silene spathulata M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 341 (1808)

species :

Silene qiyunshanensis X.H.Guo & X.L.Liu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 13(1): 24-26, t. 1 (1991)

Distribution: China (Anhui)

36 CHI

species :

Silene quadriloba Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 167 (1842)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia

30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 36 CHI 37 MON

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Carpophora quadriloba (Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 101 (2001)

= Elisanthe quadriloba (Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 25: 180 (1988)

= Elisanthe viscosa subsp. quadriloba (Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir.) Zuev; Fl. Sibir. (Portulacac.-Ranunculac.) 6: 61 (1993)

= Melandrium quadrilobum (Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir.) Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 711 (1936)

= Melandrium viscosum f. quadrilobum (Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir.) Krylov; Fl. Zapadnoi Sibiri 5: 1082 (1931)

= Silene viscosa subsp. quadriloba (Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir.) Melzh.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 163: 489 (1988)

= Silene viscosa var. quadriloba (Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir.) Trautv.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 33(1): 150 (1860)

species :

Silene radicosa Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 24 (1846)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (mountains of mainland)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene obtusidens Formánek; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 15: 198 (1897)

= Silene oligantha var. stenophylla Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 1: 75 (1854)

species :

Silene ramosissima Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 354 (1798)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; +Tunisia

12 POR SPA 20 TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene fallax Willk.; Strand-Steppengeb. Iber. Halbins. [Thes.] 107 (-108) (1852)

= Silene graveolens Dufour; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 242 (1860)

= Silene irlidei Sennen; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 69: 114 (1922 publ. 1923)

= Silene niceensis var. ramosissima (Desf.) Kunze; Chlor. Austro-Hispan. 5 (1852)

= Silene ramosa G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 409 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Silene ramosissima var. brevipes Maire & Sennen; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 170 (1932)

= Silene ramosissima var. graveolens (Dufour) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 95 (1878)

species :

Silene rasvandica Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 150: 318 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene rechingeri Bocquet; Candollea 22: 11 (1967), nom. nov.

Distribution: Tibet; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir)

36 TIB 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis cuneifolia Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle], 80 (1834) (non J. F. Gmel. 1791)

= Melandrium cuneifolium (Royle) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 280 (1842)

species :

Silene rectiramea B.L.Rob.; Bot. Gaz. 28: 134 (1899)

Name: Grand Canyon campion

Distribution: USA (Arizona)

76 USA

species :

Silene regia Sims; Bot. Mag. t. 1724 (1815)

Name: Royal catchfly

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee)

74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium illinoense Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 250 (1869 publ. 1870)

= Melandrium regium (Sims) A.Braun; Flora 26: 372 (1843)

species :

Silene reichenbachii Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 3: 169 (1850)

Distribution: Croatia (Dalmatia); Montenegro

13 CRO MNT

species :

Silene reinholdii Heldr.; Atti Congr. Int. Bot. Firenze 1874: 238 (1876)

Distribution: Greece (Ionian Isl., Attiki, Evvoia, Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Oberna, behen agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene behen subsp. reinholdii (Heldr.) Nyman

species :

Silene reinwardtii Roth; Catal. Bot. 3: 42 (1806)

Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)

34 ISR JOR LEB

Remarks: reinwardtii agg.

species :

Silene reiseri K.Malý; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 57: 352 (1907)

Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina

13 BIH

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene angustifolia subsp. reiseri (K.Malý) Trinajstić; Suppl. Fl. Anal. Jugosl. 6: 12 (1980)

species :

Silene renzii Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 150: 316 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (E-Iran)

34 IRN

variant :

var. khorassanica Nejati, Joharchi & F.Ghahrem.; Rostaniha 11(2): 147, fig. 5 (2010)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Silene repens Patrin; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 500 (1805)

Name: Pink campion

Distribution: Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; China (NW-Gansu, Hebei, Jilin, Nei Mongol, N-Shaanxi, Sichuan); Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; Japan (Hokkaido); Alaska; Canada (British Columbia, N. W. T., Yukon); USA (Idaho, Montana, Washington State, Wyoming)

14 BLR RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP NKO 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus congestus Willd. ex Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 1: 39 (1826)

= Silene amoena var. angustifolia (Turcz. ex Regel) N.V.Vlassova; Konspekt Fl. Aziatsk. Rossii 86 (2012)

= Silene fauriei H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 200 (1909)

= Silene gypsophiloides Schrank; Denkschr. Bayer. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 2: 45 (1822)

= Silene gysophila Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 184 (1829)

= Silene pachyrhiza Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 427 (1886)

= Silene purpurata Greene; Pittonia 2: 229 (1892)

= Silene repens f. alpina Kom.

= Silene repens f. apoiensis (H.Hara) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 205 (1962)

= Silene repens f. glabra Peschkova; Stepnaya Fl. Baykal´skoy Sibiri 55 (1972)

= Silene repens f. sinensis F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 161 (1896)

= Silene repens f. vulgaris (Turcz.) Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 27 (1861)

= Silene repens subsp. alpina (Kom.) Kozhevn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 238 (1981)

= Silene repens subsp. australis C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 21 (1947)

= Silene repens subsp. purpurata (Greene) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 21 (1947)

= Silene repens var. angustifolia Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 579 (1842), nom. illeg.

= Silene repens var. angustifolia Turcz. ex Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 208 (1838)

= Silene repens var. apoiensis H.Hara; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 46 (1952)

= Silene repens var. australis (C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire) C.L.Hitchc.; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L.Hitchcock et al.] 2: 292 (1964)

= Silene repens var. costata (F.N.Williams) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 646 (1966)

= Silene repens var. glandulosa Y.W.Cui & L.H.Zhou; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 9: 58 (1980)

= Silene repens var. humilis Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1862: 31 (1862)

= Silene repens var. latifolia Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 579 (1842)

= Silene repens var. sinensis (F.N.Williams) C.L.Tang; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 26: 292 (1996)

= Silene repens var. vulgaris Turcz.; Fl. Baical.-dahur. 1: 208 (1842)

= Silene repens var. xilingensis Y.Z.Zhao; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Intramongol. 16(4): 595 (1985)

= Silene scouleri var. costata F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 169 (1896)

= Silene sobolifera Schott ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 820 (1832)

= Silene ssojutica Less. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 308 (1842)

species :

Silene requienii Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 381 (1824)

Distribution: Corsica

12 COR

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium requienii (Otth) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 232 (1869)

= Silenanthe requienii (Otth) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 101 (2001)

species :

Silene reticulata Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 350 (1798)

Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene grata Henckel; Adumbr. Pl. Hort. Hal. [Henckel] 28 (1806)

species :

Silene retinervis Ghaz.; Kew Bull. 37: 458 (1982)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)

34 IRQ

species :

Silene reverchonii Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 45: 237 (1898)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

species :

Silene rhiphaena Pau & Font Quer; Cavanillesia 3: 77 (1930), nomen, et ex Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 36: 97 (1946)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene mauritii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 295 (1936)

species :

Silene rhizophora (Muschl.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 38 (1967)

Distribution: W-Peru

83 PER

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium rhizophorum Muschl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 14: 442 (1911)

species :

Silene rhynchocarpa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 33 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene lycia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 90 (1849)

= Silene persica var. angiostoma Fenzl ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 622 (1867)

= Silene rhynchocarpa var. lycia (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 618 (1867)

species :

Silene rigens Goldblatt & J.C.Manning; Bothalia 42(2): 164 (2012)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Silene roemeri Friv.; Flora 19: 439 (1836)

subspecies :

subsp. roemeri

Distribution: Italy; Montenegro; Serbia; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece

13 BUL GRC ITA MNT NMA ROM SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites roemeri (Friv.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 437 (1970)

= Otites stamineus (Bertol.) Holub; Preslia 70: 109 (1998)

= Silene congesta Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1(2/3): 175 (1843)

= Silene nentvichii Friv. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 198 (1869)

= Silene parviflora Hampe; Flora 20: 233 (1837), nom. illeg.

= Silene roemeri f. polycephala (Jordanov & Panov) Stevan. & Niketić; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59(4): 394 (2007)

= Silene roemeri subsp. staminea (Bertol.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 91 (1878)

= Silene roemeri var. polycephala Jordanov & Panov; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Bulg. (Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg.) 3: 593 (1966)

= Silene staminea Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 4: 585 (1841)

subspecies :

subsp. macrocarpa (Vandas) Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 119 (1995)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (mountains of NW-, NC-Greece, N-Peloponnisos)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene roemeri f. macrocarpa Vandas

species :

Silene roopiana Kleopow; Zhurn. Inst. Bot. Vseukraïns´k. Akad. Nauk 9: 115 (1936)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO

Remarks: status uncertain, borysthenica agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites roopianus (Kleopow) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 427 (1977)

species :

Silene rosiflora Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8(37): 111-112 (1913)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene salweenensis W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(55): 229 (1919)

= Silene sinowatsonii W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 12: 223 (1920)

species :

Silene rosulata Soy.-Will. & Godr.; Expl. Sci. Algérie, Atlas: t. 82 (1849)

subspecies :

subsp. rosulata

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene italica var. leonum Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 36: 99 (1945)

= Silene mogadorensis var. rosulata (Soy.-Will. & Godr.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 361 (1877)

= Silene rosulata var. adenocalyx Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 204 (1933)

= Silene rosulata var. ciliata Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 204 (1933)

= Silene rosulata var. pubescens Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 204 (1933)

subspecies :

subsp. reeseana (Maire) Jeanm.; Willdenowia 14: 47 (1984)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene gibraltarica var. papillosa Emb.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 166 (1935)

= Silene reeseana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 212 (1936)

= Silene rosulata var. tingitana Jeanm.; Candollea 39(2): 609 (1984)

subspecies :

subsp. sanctae-therasiae (Jeanm.) Jeanm.; Willdenowia 14: 47 (1984)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene sanctae-theresiae Jeanm.; Candollea 38: 620 (1983)

species :

Silene rothmaleri P.Silva; Agron. Lusit. 18: 28 (1956)

Distribution: +SW-Portugal

12 POR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene hifacensis subsp. rothmaleri (P.Silva) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 110(89 Sess. Extr.): 129 (1966)

species :

Silene rotundifolia Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 288 (1818)

Name: Roundleaf catchfly

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)

75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium rotundifolium (Nutt.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 234 (1869)

species :

Silene rouyana Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 35: t. 385 (1888), Coss. Ill. Fl. Atlant. 1: 147 (1896),t. 95

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Silene rubella L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 419 (1753)

Name: Rötliches Leimkraut (DE); Conejera rojizo (ES)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Croatia; Morocco; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, NW-coastal Egypt); Mauritius [I]; Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Pakistan (Peshawar, Jhelum)

12 BAL POR SAR SPA 13 CRO ITA PEL SIC 20 EGY LBY MOR TUN 29 mau 34 CYP IRN IRQ ISR LEB SIN SYR 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Oncerum rubellum (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 257 (1867)

= Silene armeria Asso; Syn. Stirp. Aragon. 54 (1779), nom. illeg.

= Silene babylonica Boiss. & Noë; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 1: 71 (1854)

= Silene crispa Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 7: 162 (1806), nom. illeg.

= Silene erigens Willd. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 155 (1869)

= Silene glutinosa Dufour ex Cambess.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 14: 219 (1827), nom. illeg.

= Silene inaperta DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 750 (1805), nom. illeg.

= Silene patula Lag.; Anales Ci. Nat. (1802)

= Silene pseudolinum Ramond ex DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 750 (1805)

= Silene rubella var. bifida Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 29: 409 (1938)

= Silene undulata Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 660 (1874)

= Silene volubilitana Braun-Blanq. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 16: 25 (1925)

species :

Silene rubricalyx (C.Marquand) Bocquet; Candollea 22(1): 15 (1967)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis rubricalyx C.Marquand; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48(321): 164-165 (1929)

= Melandrium rubricalyx (C.Marquand) Pax & K.Hoffm.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 342 (1934)

species :

Silene ruinarum Popov; Byull. Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ. 12: Suppl. 8 (1926)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 TZK UZB

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe ruinara (Popov) Devyatov & Tikhom.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 97(3): 124 (1992)

= Melandrium ruinarum (Popov) Popov; Byull. Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ. 12: Suppl. 8 (1926) ex Schischk., Fl. URSS 6: 709 (1936)

species :

Silene ruprechtii Schischk.; Fl. Tifl. [Grossheim et al.] 1: 204 (1925)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene saxatilis M.Bieb.; (1808) (non Sims (1803))

species :

Silene sabinosae Pit.; Îles Canaries [Pitard & Proust] 118 (1908)

Name: Sabinosa-Leimkraut (DE); Canutillo de Sabinosa (ES)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Hierro)

21 CNY

species :

Silene sachalinensis F.Schmidt; Reis. Amur-Land., Bot. 116 (1868)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Sakhalin)

31 RFE

Remarks: sect. Physolychnis, involucrata agg., polyploid derived from uralensis agg. x ajanensis agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Tzvelev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 111(6): 38 (2006)

= Melandrium kawashimae (Miyabe & Tatew.) Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 183 (1936)

= Melandrium sachalinense (F.Schmidt) Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 710 (1936), isonym

= Silene kawashimae Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 83 (1935)

species :

Silene salamandra Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 34: 371 (1927)

Name: Rhodisches Leimkraut (DE); Rhodian Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos)

34 EAI

species :

Silene salangensis Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 150(3-4): 316 (1985)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Baghlan, Logar, Parwan); Pakistan

34 AFG 40 PAK

species :

Silene saldanhensis Goldblatt & J.C.Manning; Bothalia 42(2): 160 (2012)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Silene salicifolia C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(4): 439-440, f. 8 (1980)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene salmonacea T.W.Nelson, J.P.Nelson & S.A.Erwin; Madroño 53(1): 72 (2006)

Name: Salmon catchfly

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Silene salsuginea Hub.-Mor.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 28: 3 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (Central Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene samarkandensis Preobr.; Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago 19: 10 (1919)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KGZ TZK

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene conformifolia (Preobr.) Preobr. ex Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 604 (1936)

= Silene samarkandensis subsp. conformifolia Preobr.

species :

Silene samia Melzh. & Christod.; Bot. Chron. (Patras) 2: 50 (1982)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Samos); Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 EAI TUR

species :

Silene samojedorum (Sambuk) Oxelman; Nordic J. Bot. 20(5): 516 (2000 publ. 2001)

Distribution: European Russia; Siberia (Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia, Yakutia)

14 RUS 30 SIB

Remarks: Subgen. Lychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis samojedorum (Sambuk) Gorschk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 694 (1936)., isonym

= Lychnis sibirica subsp. jakutensis Sambuk

= Lychnis sibirica subsp. samojedorum Sambuk; Izv. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 7, 22: 47 (1928)

= Lychnis sibirica var. glabra Peschkova; Fl. Centr. Sibiri 1: 328 (1979)

= Lychnis sibirica var. jakutensis (Sambuk) Jurtzev; Arktichesk. Fl. S.S.S.R. 6: 105 (1971)

= Lychnis yunnanensis Baker f. [Gard.Chron., Ser.3, 33: 161 (1903)]

= Silene sibirica subsp. jakutensis (Sambuk) Hämet-Ahti

= Sofianthe samojedorum (Sambuk) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 97 (2001)

species :

Silene samothracica (Rech.f.) Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 120 (1995)

Distribution: NE-Greece (Samothraki); East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Samos)

13 GRC 34 EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene caesia subsp. samothracica (Rech.f.) Melzh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 101: 181 (1980)

= Silene variegata var. samothracica Rech.f.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 100: 119 (1938)

species :

Silene sarawschanica Regel & Schmalh. ex Regel; Izv. Imp. Obshch. Lyubit. Estestv. Moskovsk. Univ. 34(2): 14 (1882)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Kabul, Samangan, Takhar)

32 TZK UZB 34 AFG

species :

Silene sargentii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 290 (1879)

Name: Sargent´s catchfly

Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Nevada, Washington)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis californica S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 248 (1877)

= Silene lacustris Eastw.; Bot. Gaz. 41: 284 (1906)

= Silene watsonii B.L.Rob. & Seaton; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 143 (1893)

species :

Silene sartorii Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 5: 53 (1856)

Distribution: Greece (SE-Attiki, E-Peloponnisos, widespread Kiklades); Crete (one collection)

13 GRC KRI

Remarks: Subgen. Pleconax, conica agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Conosilene conica var. sartorii (Boiss. & Heldr.) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 50A: 373 (1971)

= Pleconax conica var. sartorii (Boiss. & Heldr.) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; Lagascalia 4(1): 14 (1974), as ´sartori´

= Pleconax sartorii (Boiss. & Heldr.) Šourková; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119: 580 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Silene conica subsp. sartorii (Boiss. & Heldr.) Chater & Walters; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 69: 49 (1964)

species :

Silene saxatilis Sims; Bot. Mag. 18: t. 689 (1803)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene brachyantha Schott ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 213 (1869)

= Silene djimilensis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 103 (1888)

= Silene spergulifolia Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 101 (1866)

= Silene zangezura Elenevsky; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 65(5): 120 (1960)

species :

Silene saxifraga L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 421 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. saxifraga

Name: Steinbrech-Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Netherlands; Germany [I]; Switzerland; ?Liechtenstein; Austria; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of NC-Greece, south to Mt. Olimbos, also Mt. Timfi)

11 AUT ger NET SWI 12 ADO COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB

Remarks: sect. Saxifragoideae

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus saxifragus (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 29 (1779)

= Lychnis saxifraga (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 308 (1771)

= Oncerum cuspidatum Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 257 (1867)

= Petrosilene saxifragum (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 344 (1868)

= Silene balcanica (Urum.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 270 (1924)

= Silene balcanica subsp. uichellii Panov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 27(11): 1571 (1974)

= Silene halopetala Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (9)

= Silene lanceolata Porta; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11: 286 (1879), nom. illeg.

= Silene multicaulis var. ottomanica Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 37: 203 (1899)

= Silene petraea Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 178 (1804)

= Silene polygama Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 536 (1812)

= Silene saxifraga subsp. balcanica Urum.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 50: 14 (1900)

= Silene saxifraga subsp. petraea (Waldst. & Kit.) Gușul.; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 2: 152 (1953)

= Silene saxifraga var. hispanica Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 29: 43 (1882)

= Silene saxifraga var. lanceolata Porta; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11: 286 (1879)

= Silene saxifraga var. petraea (Waldst. & Kit.) Maly; Enum. Pl. Phan. Austriac. [Maly] 1: 308 (1848)

= Silene saxifraga var. pseudosaxifraga Rouy ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 53 (1889), nom. illeg.

= Silene saxifraga var. pungens Ces.; Linnaea 21: 32 (1848)

subspecies :

subsp. lojaconoi (Lacaita) Mazzola & Raimondo; Bocconea 20: 13 (2007), nom. inval.

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene saxifraga var. lojaconoi Lacaita

subspecies :

subsp. rupicola (Nyman) C.Brullo & Brullo; Gruppi Crit. Fl. Ital. 44 (2009)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene multicaulis subsp. rupicola Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 92 (1878)

= Silene rupicola (Nyman) A.Huet ex Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 3: 428 (1909), nom. illeg.

= Silene rupicola A.Huet ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 138 (1869)

species :

Silene scabrida Soy.-Will. & Godr.; Expl. Sci. Algérie t. 81, et Mem. Soc. Sci. Nancy, 1850: 167 (1851)

Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG TUN

species :

Silene scabriflora Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 2: 184 (1805)

subspecies :

subsp. scabriflora

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain

11 ger 12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene hirsuta Lag.; Varied. Ci. 2(4): 212 (1805) (non Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 163 (1789))

= Silene hirsuta var. hirsutissima (Otth) Asch.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 17: 293 (1859)

= Silene hirsuta var. sabuletorum (Link) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1: 88 (1860)

= Silene hirsutissima Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 372 (1824)

= Silene hirsutissima var. laxiflora (Brot.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 31: 277 (1884)

= Silene hispida Salzm. ex Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 358 (1877), nom. inval.

= Silene laxiflora Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 2: 188 (1805)

= Silene littoralis Planellas; Ensayo Fl. Gallega 123 (1852) non Pourr.

= Silene pendula var. erectiflora Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 375 (1824)

= Silene pendula var. scabriflora (Brot.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 234 (1855)

= Silene sabuletorum Link ex Spreng.; Novi Provent. [Sprengel] 39 (1818)

= Silene scabriflora var. crassifolia Rothm.; Agron. Lusit. 1: 391 (1939)

= Silene scabriflora var. hirsutissima (Otth) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 218 (1913)

= Silene tenerrima J.Presl & C.Presl; Delic. Prag. 217 (1822)

subspecies :

subsp. aemilii-guineae Carlón, J.M.González, M.Laínz, Moreno Mor., Rodr.Berd. & Ó.Sánchez; Doc. Jard. Bot. Atlántico 7: 16 (2010), nom. nov.

Distribution: NW-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene scabriflora subsp. macrocalycina (Guinea) Talavera; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 45(1): 361 (1988)

= Silene scabriflora subsp. megacalycina Talavera; Fl. Iber. [Castroviejo et al.] 2: 330 (1990), nom. nov. illeg.

= Silene scabriflora var. macrocalycina Guinea; Geogr. Bot. Santander 395 (1953)

subspecies :

subsp. gallaecica Talavera; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 45(1): 361 (1988)

Distribution: NW-Spain

12 SPA

species :

Silene scabrifolia Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Obshch. Estestvoisp., Vyp. 3, Otd. Bot. 26: 129 (1896)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Kunar / Nuristan); China (Xinjiang)

32 KAZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene komarovii Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 678 (1936)

= Silene viscidula Kom.; Trudy Petrogradsk. Obshch. Estestvoisp., Vyp. 3, Otd. Bot. 26: 129 (1896) (non Franch. 1886)

species :

Silene scaposa S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 145 (1893)

Name: Blue Mountain catchfly

Distribution: USA (Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene scaposa var. lobata C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 31, fig. 18a, b (1947)

species :

Silene schafta J.G.Gmel. ex Hohen.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 397 (1839)

Name: Kaukasisches Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iran (N-Iran); Pakistan (Gilgit); Australia [I] (South Australia [I])

11 ger 33 AZE 34 IRN 40 PAK 50 aus

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene perfoliata Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1850(Adv. Bot.): 7 (1851), nom. inval.

= Silene pernoctans Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1849(Adv. Bot.): [2] (1851), nom. inval.

= Silene pichleri Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 15 (1886)

species :

Silene schimperiana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 31 (1843)

Distribution: Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (W-Yemen)

34 SIN 35 SAU YEM

species :

Silene schischkinii (Popov) Vved.; Fl. Uzbekist. 2: 392 (1953)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; Uzbekistan

32 KGZ UZB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene sobolevskajae Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 171 (1981)

species :

Silene schizopetala Bornm.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 7: 114 (1899)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)

34 IRQ

species :

Silene schlumbergeri Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 106 (1888)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon)

34 LEB

species :

Silene schmuckeri Wettst.; Biblioth. Bot. 26: 30 (1892)

Distribution: S-Kosovo; NW-North Macedonia

13 KOS NMA

species :

Silene schugnanica B.Fedtsch.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 1: 119 (1902)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Takhar)

32 KGZ TZK 34 AFG

species :

Silene schwarzenbergeri Halácsy; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 61: 472 (1894)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; NW-Greece (mountains from Grammos to Mavrovouni)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Remarks: sect. Saxifragoideae

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene horvatii Micevski; Fragm. Bot. Mus. Maced. Sci. Nat. 10: 32 (1977)

species :

Silene sciaphila Melzh. & Rech.f.; Flora 176: 228 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (S-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene sclerocarpa Dufour; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 245 (1860)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; C-Greece (Attiki, around Korinth); E-Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Karpathos); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya

12 POR SPA 13 GRC KRI 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 34 EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene cerastoides var. dunensis Alleiz.; Herb. Algér. 33 (1922)

= Silene cerastoides var. emporitana O.Bolòs & Vigo; Sist. Nat. Illes Medes [Ros et al.] 146 (1984)

= Silene cerastoides var. sclerocarpa (Dufour) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 97 (1878)

= Silene clusii Schott ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 583 (1841), nom. inval.

= Silene micropetala DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 146 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Silene tridentata var. arenicola Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 228 (1936)

species :

Silene sclerophylla Chowdhry; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 22: 261 (1957)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene sclerophylloides Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 262 (1957)

species :

Silene scoparia Lidén; Edinburgh J. Bot. 80-367: 6 (2023)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Silene scopulorum Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 423 (1886)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis scopulorum (Franch.) Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 7: 302

= Melandrium scopulorum (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 206 (1929)

species :

Silene scottii (Turrill) F.Jafari, Oxelman & Rabeler; Taxon 69(2): 357 (2020)

Distribution: S-Ethiopia

24 ETH

Synonyms: hidden

= Uebelinia scottii Turrill; Kew Bull. [9]: 260 (1954)

= Lychnis scottii (Turrill) M.Popp; Novon 18(1): 99 (2008)

species :

Silene scouleri Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 1: 88 (1830)

subspecies :

subsp. scouleri

Name: Simple campion

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Oregon, Washington); Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora)

71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe drummondii Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 15(2): 200 (1869)

= Elisanthe scouleri (Hook.) Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 15(2): 200 (1869)

= Silene drummondii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 377 (1872), nom. illeg.

= Silene grandis Eastw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 487 (1903)

= Silene grandis var. pacifica (Eastw.) Jeps.; Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 1: 510 (1915)

= Silene pacifica Eastw.; Bot. Gaz. 41: 285 (1906)

= Silene repens var. costata (Williams) Boivin

= Silene scouleri subsp. grandis (Eastw.) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 25 (1947)

= Silene scouleri var. pacifica (Eastw.) C.L.Hitchc.; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L.Hitchcock et al.] 2: 294 (1964)

subspecies :

subsp. hallii (S.Watson) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Revis. N. Amer. Silene 26 (1947)

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington State, Wyoming)

71 CDN 73 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis elata S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 249 (1877)

= Silene concolor Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 153 (1905)

= Silene hallii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 446 (1886)

= Silene scouleri var. concolor (Greene) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 27 (1947)

subspecies :

subsp. pringlei (S.Watson) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Revis. N. Amer. Silene 26 (1947)

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah); Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Guanajuato)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene pringlei S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 269 (1888)

= Silene scouleri var. eglandulosa C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 28 (1947)

= Silene scouleri var. grisea C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 28 (1947)

= Silene scouleri var. leptophylla C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 27 (1947)

= Silene scouleri var. pringlei (S.Watson) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 26 (1947)

species :

Silene secundiflora Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 375 (1824)

subspecies :

subsp. secundiflora

Distribution: Germany [I]; Spain; Baleares; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

11 ger 12 BAL SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene ambigua Cambess. ex Soy.-Will.; Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. Nancy, Sér. 2, 18: 158 (1850 publ. 1851), nom. illeg.

= Silene ambigua Soy.-Will. & Godr.; Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. Nancy 1850: 158 (1851) (non Salisb., Prodr. 302 (1796))

= Silene ambigua var. angustifolia Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1851: 9 (1852)

= Silene ambigua var. latifolia Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1851: 9 (1852)

= Silene ambigua var. littoralis Willk.; Linnaea 40: 119 (1876)

= Silene decumbens Salzm. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 117 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene douglasii Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (7)

= Silene glabrescens var. submacrotheca Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 204 (1933)

= Silene glauca (Spreng.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 15 (1816) (non Salisb., Prodr. 302 (1796))

= Silene glauca var. decora Maire & Wilczek; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 190 (1935)

= Silene glauca var. minor Rouy; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier), Sér. 3, 3: 80 (1883)

= Silene glauca var. submacrotheca Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 204 (1933)

= Silene hookeri Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (2)

= Silene pyriformis Durieu; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 221 (1854)

= Silene saponaria Cav. ex Dufour; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 244 (1860)

= Silene secundiflora var. decora (Maire & Wilczek) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 125 (1963)

= Silene secundiflora var. submacrotheca (Maire) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 126 (1963)

= Silene setabensis Dufour ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 117 (1869)

subspecies :

subsp. macrotheca (Braun-Blanq. & Maire) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 13: 281 (1984)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene glabrescens subsp. macrotheca (Braun-Blanq. & Maire) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 225 (1932)

= Silene glauca subsp. macrotheca (Braun-Blanq. & Maire) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 225 (1932)

= Silene macrotheca Braun-Blanq. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 16: 27 (1925)

= Silene secundiflora var. macrotheca (Braun-Blanq. & Maire) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 126 (1963)

species :

Silene sedoides Poir.; Voy. Barbarie 2: 164 (1789)

subspecies :

subsp. sedoides

Name: Mauerpfeffer-Leimkraut (DE); Hairy Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: NE-Spain; Baleares; France; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Croatia; Albania; Greece (coastal widespread, most islands, in the Northeast only Athos, Thasos, Samothraki, Limnos); Crete (widespread, incl. islands); Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel)

12 BAL FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT PEL PTL SIC 20 ALG LBY TUN 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene delicatula Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 4: 624 (1841), nom. inval.

= Silene pachyphylla Hausskn. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 55 (1889)

= Silene ramosa Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 380 (1824)

= Silene ramosissima Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 599 (1809), non Desf.

= Silene sicula Cirillo ex Schrank; Denkschr. Königl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 2: 46 (1822), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. runemarkii Oxelman; Willdenowia 25(1): 155 (1995)

Distribution: Greece

13 GRC

species :

Silene seelyi Morton & J.W.Thomps.; Torreya 33: 70 (1933)

Name: Seely´s catchfly

Distribution: USA (Washington State)

73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Anotites seelyi (Morton & J.W.Thomps.) W.A.Weber; Phytologia 51(6): 369 (1982)

species :

Silene semenovii Regel & Herder; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(1): 536 (1866)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan

32 KAZ KGZ

species :

Silene sendtneri Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 608 (1867)

subspecies :

subsp. sendtneri

Distribution: Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria

13 ALB BUL CRO KOS MNT NMA SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites sendtneri (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 437 (1970)

= Otites velenovskyanus (Jordanov & Panov) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 427 (1977)

= Silene congesta Pančić ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 199 (1869)

= Silene roemeri subsp. sendtneri (Boiss.) Jordanov & Panov; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 3: 458 (1966)

= Silene sendtneri f. slavnicii Niketić & D.Lakušić; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59(4): 394 (2007)

= Silene velenovskyana Jordanov & Panov; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Bulg. (Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg.) 3: 592 (1966)

subspecies :

subsp. balcanica (Formánek) Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 119 (1995)

Distribution: Bulgaria; N-Greece (along border of NC-Greece to Rodopi)

13 BUL GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene roemeri subsp. balcanica Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 36: 98 (1898)

= Silene roemeri var. balcanica (Formánek) Stevan. & Niketić; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59(4): 394 (2007)

species :

Silene sennenii Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 4: 309 (1905)

Distribution: NE-Spain (Gerona)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene italica subsp. sennenii (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 87 (1974)

= Silene saxifraga subsp. sennenii (Pau) Malag.; Acta Phytotax. Barcinon. 18: 9 (1977)

species :

Silene sericea All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 81 (1785)

Distribution: Baleares; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Pantelleria

12 BAL COR SAR 13 ITA PTL

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene hirta Willd.; Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 1: t. 23 (1804)

= Silene mandralisci Parl.; L´Occhio 8: 61 (1839)

= Silene pubescens Loisel.; Fl. Gall. [Loiseleur] 727 (1807)

species :

Silene sessionis Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 61: 356 (1915)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

species :

Silene setaesperma Majumdar; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42: 649 (1963)

Distribution: Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir); Myanmar

40 IND NEP 41 MYA

Remarks: Subgen. Lychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma inflatum (Wall. ex) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 417 (1831)

= Lychnis inflata (G.Don) Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 80 (1834)

= Melandrium inflatum (G.Don) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 280 (1842)

species :

Silene shahrudensis Rech.f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 352 (1951)

Distribution: Azerbaijan (Nachichevan); Iran (EC-Iran)

33 AZE 34 IRN

species :

Silene shanbashakensis Rech.f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 353 (1951)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Balkh)

34 AFG

species :

Silene shehbazii S.A.Ahmad; Novon 25(2): 131 (2017)

Distribution: Iraq

34 IRQ

species :

Silene sibirica (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 497 (1805)

Name: Siberian catchfly

Distribution: Romania [I]; N-European Russia; Moldova; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Mongolia; USA [I] (Saskatchewan [I])

13 rom 14 MLD RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ 37 MON 71 cdn

Remarks: Subgen. Lychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma sibirica (L.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 416 (1831)

= Cucubalus sibiricus L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1031 (1759)

= Otites sibiricus (L.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 25 (1840)

= Otites sibiricus subsp. kleopovii Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 109 (2001)

= Otites sibiricus var. lilacinus Tzvelev; Fl. Vostochnoi Evropy 11: 251 (2004)

= Silene scabra Fisch. ex Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 3: 66 (1839), nom. illeg.

= Viscago sibirica (L.) Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 2: 410 (1815)

variant :

var. holopetala (Bunge) Lazkov; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 53(5-6): 435 (2016)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; China (NW-Xinjiang)

32 KAZ 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene holopetala Bunge; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 2: 142-143 (1830)

= Otites holopetalus (Bunge) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 109 (2001)

species :

Silene siderophila Boiss. & Gaill.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 594 (1867)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze)

34 LEB SYR

species :

Silene sieberi Fenzl; Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr. 8 (1842)

Distribution: Crete (widespread, mostly mountains)

13 KRI

Remarks: italica agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene caesia Sieber ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 632 (1867) non Sm.

species :

Silene skorpilii Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vĕstn. Král. České Společn. Nauk., Tř. Mat.-Přír.) 1890(1): 39 (1890)

Distribution: +Serbia; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (rare NC- & NE-Greece, Thessalia)

13 BUL GRC NMA SRB TUE

species :

Silene soczavana (Schischk.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 38 (1967)

Name: Boreal catchfly (EN)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Magadan); Alaska; Canada (Yukon)

31 RFE 70 ASK CDN

Remarks: sect. Physolychnis, uralensis agg., an allopolyploid 2n = 48

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis macrosperma (A.E.Porsild) Tolm. & Kozhanch.; Arktichesk. Fl. S.S.S.R. 6: 115 (1971)

= Gastrolychnis soczavana (Schischk.) Tolm. & Kozhanch.; Arktichesk. Fl. S.S.S.R. 6: 115 (1971)

= Lychnis apetala var. macrosperma (A.E.Porsild) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 643 (1966)

= Lychnis macrosperma (A.E.Porsild) J.P.Anderson; Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 20: 250 (1946)

= Lychnis soczavana (Schischk.) J.P.Anderson; Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 20: 251 (1946)

= Melandrium macrospermum A.E.Porsild; Rhodora 41: 225 (1939)

= Melandrium soczavanum Schischk.; Zhurn. Russk. Bot. Obshch. 16: 83 (1931)

= Silene macrosperma (A.E.Porsild) Hultén; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., Ser. 4, 13 (1): 326 (1971)

= Silene apetala subsp. porsildii Bocquet; Candollea 22: 27 (1967)

= Silene soczavana var. macrosperma (A.E.Porsild) V.V.Petrovsky, D.F.Murray & Elven; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1): 436 (2008)

= Wahlbergella soczavana (Schischk.) Tolm.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 715 (1936)

species :

Silene sojakii Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 150: 317 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (N-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene solenantha Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 421 (1880)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

species :

Silene songarica (Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.) Bocquet; Candollea 22(1): 3-4 (1967)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Tuva); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Magadan, Primorye); Kazakhstan; Tajikistan; China (Jilin, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang); Mongolia; N-India (Dras, Leh, Rupshu, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim)

30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ TZK 36 CHI 37 MON 40 IND

Remarks: Subgen. Gastrolychnis

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis brachypetala (Hornem.) Tolm. & Kozhanch.; Arktichesk. Fl. S.S.S.R. 6: 109 (1972)

= Gastrolychnis brachypetala var. glaberrima Peschkova; Fl. Centr. Sibiri 1: 329 (1979)

= Lychnis brachypetala Schwägr. ex Schrank; Denkschr. Königl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 2: 47 (1822), nom. illeg., non Hornem.

= Lychnis mongolica Maxim.; Enum. Pl. Mongolia 94, t. 13 (1889)

= Melandrium auritipetalum Y.Z.Zhao & P.Ma; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27(3): 225 (1989)

= Melandrium baicalense Tolm.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Rossiisk. Akad. Nauk 24: 265 (1932)

= Melandrium brachypetalum (Hornem.) Fenzl; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 326 (1842)

= Melandrium brachypetalum var. baicalense (Tolm.) Sukaczev

= Melandrium irkutense Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 95 (1934)

= Melandrium mongolicum (Maxim.) Grubov; Consp. Fl. Mongolia 132 (1955)

= Melandrium songaricum Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 9: 14 (1844)

= Silene brachypetala var. glaberrima Hornem.

= Silene duthiei Majumdar; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42: 648 (1964)

= Silene songarica (Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.) Vorosch.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 84: 32 (1972), isonym

= Wahlbergella baicalensis (Tolm.) Tolm.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 723 (1936)

= Wahlbergella brachypetala (Fenzl) Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 45: 266 (1895)

species :

Silene sordida Hub.-Mor. & Reese; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 52: 43 (1943)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene sorensenis (Boivin) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 21 (1967)

Name: Sørensen´s catchfly

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Magadan); Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Northern Territories, Nunavut)

31 RFE 70 ASK CDN GNL

Remarks: sect. Physolychnis, involucrata agg., polyploid derived from uralensis agg. x ajanensis agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma triflorum (R.Br. ex Sommerf.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 417 (1831)

= Gastrolychnis triflora (R.Br. ex Sommerf.) Tolm. & Kozhanch.; Arktichesk. Fl. S.S.S.R. 6: 112 (1971)

= Lychnis affinis var. triflora (R.Br. ex Sommerf.) Hart; J. Bot. 9: 181 (1880)

= Lychnis sorensenis B.Boivin; Canad. Field-Naturalist 65: 6 (1951)

= Lychnis triflora R.Br. ex Sommerf.; Mag. Naturvidensk. 2: 152 (1824)

= Melandrium triflorum (R.Br. ex Sommerf.) J.Vahl; Fl. Dan. [Oeder et al.] 14(40): 5 (1843)

= Wahlbergella triflora (R.Br. ex Sommerf.) Fr.; Summa Veg. Scand. [Fries] 155 (1845)

species :

Silene spaldingii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 344 (1875)

Name: Spalding´s silene

Distribution: USA (British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington)

71 CDN 73 USA

species :

Silene spergulifolia (Willd.) M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 305 (1820)

Distribution: Serbia; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; NE-Greece (Nomos Evrou); C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

13 BUL GRC NMA SRB 14 KRY RUS UKR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR

Remarks: spergulifolia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus caespitosus Desf.; Tabl. École Bot. 159 (1804)

= Cucubalus spergulifolius Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 690 (1799)

= Silene arbuscula Fenzl ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 612 (1867)

= Silene caucasica var. major Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 19: 20 (1869)

= Silene cephalantha Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 613 (1867)

= Silene infidelium Post; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 154 (1895)

= Silene polyphylla M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 338 (1808), nom. illeg.

= Silene repens var. transcaucasica Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 2: 508 (1873)

= Silene spergulifolia var. arbuscula Fenzl ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 612 (1867)

= Silene spergulifolia var. elongata Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 612 (1867)

= Silene syreistschikowii P.A.Smirn.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 49(2): 86 (1940)

= Silene transcaucasica Bordz.; Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 13: 19 (1912)

= Silene verticillata Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 370 (1824)

species :

Silene spinescens Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 299 (1809)

Distribution: C-Greece (Attiki, Evvoia, NE-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

species :

Silene splendens Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 631 (1867)

Distribution: Turkey (W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene squamigera Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 38 (1843)

subspecies :

subsp. squamigera

Distribution: ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (rare NW-Greece, Attiki, Evvoia); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

13 ALB GRC KOS NMA 34 EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene echinata Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 1: 8 (1842), nom. illeg.

= Silene gallinyi Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (2)

= Silene muricata Host ex Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (2)

= Silene trinervia Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (2)

subspecies :

subsp. vesiculifera (Boiss.) Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 8 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene vesiculifera J.Gay ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 586 (1867)

species :

Silene staintonii Ghaz.; Pakistan J. Bot. 14(2): 113 (1982)

Distribution: Pakistan

40 PAK

Remarks: status doubtful

species :

Silene stapfii Melzh.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 150: 308 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (S-Iran, SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene stellariifolia Bocquet & Chater; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 56 (1979)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Silene stellata (L.) Coyte; Ind. Plant. 373 (1807)

Name: Starry Catchfly, Widowsfrill

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)

74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus stellatus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 414 (1753)

= Evactoma stellata (L.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 23 (1840)

= Evactoma stellata var. scabrella Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 58 (1913)

= Lychnis stellata var. scabrella (Nieuwl.) Palmer & Steyerm.

= Silene scabrella (Nieuwl.) G.N.Jones; Trans. Illinois State Acad. Sci. 35: 71 (1942), reimpr.

= Silene stellata (L.) Aiton; Hort. Kew., ed. 2 [W.T.Aiton] 3: 84 (1811)

= Silene stellata var. scabrella (Nieuwl) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 781 (1938)

= Viscago stellata (L.) Rchb.; Mag. Aesth. Bot. 1(1.5-6): t. 27 (1822)

species :

Silene stenantha Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 541, 656 (1968)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 KAZ TZK UZB

species :

Silene stenobotrys Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 611 (1867)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (Jazira)

34 IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene paniculata Ehrenb. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 195 (1869), nom. inval.

species :

Silene stenophylla Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 306 (1842)

Distribution: Siberia (Chita, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin)

30 SIB 31 RFE

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene graminifolia var. stenophylla (Ledeb.) Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 67 (1858)

species :

Silene stewartiana Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(25): 180 (1912)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); Myanmar

36 CHI 41 MYA

species :

Silene stewartii (Edgew.) Majumdar; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 16(1-4): 155 (1974 publ.1977)

Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis stewartii Edgew.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 224 (1874)

= Silene chambaensis Majumdar; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42: 649 (1964)

species :

Silene stockenii Chater; Lagascalia 3: 219 (1973)

Distribution: S-Spain (NW of Cadiz)

12 SPA

species :

Silene stracheyi Edgew.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 221 (1874)

Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; N-India

40 BHU IND NEP

species :

Silene striata Ehrenb. ex Rohrb.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 25: 83 (1867)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria

34 LEB SYR

species :

Silene stricta L.; Cent. Pl. II: 17., Amoen. Acad. 4: 314 (1756)

Name: Steifes Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Morocco; Algeria

11 ger 12 POR SPA 20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene eranthema Wibel ex Bluff & Fingerh.; Comp. Fl. German. [Bluff & Fingerhuth] 1: 556 (1825)

= Silene inconspicua Roem. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 585 (1841)

= Silene linaeola Wibel ex Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 379 (1824), nom. inval.

= Silene pteropleura Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 18 (1852)

species :

Silene struthioloides A.Gray; U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 15(1): 109 (1854)

Distribution: Hawaii (East Maui, Hawaii Isl.)

63 HAW

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene hawaiiensis var. kaupoana (O.Deg. & Sherff) O.Deg. & Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 36: 502 (1949)

= Silene kaupoana (O.Deg. & Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Pl. Hawaii Natl. Parks, ed. 3: p. ? (1983)

= Silene struthioloides var. kaupoana O.Deg. & Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 33: 501 (1946)

species :

Silene suaveolens Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 168 (1842)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); China (Xinjiang); Mongolia; Pakistan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK 34 AFG 36 CHI 37 MON 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Carpophora hoffmeisteri Klotzsch; Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke] 139 (1862)

= Carpophora suaveolens (Kar. & Kir.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 100 (2001)

= Elisanthe suaveolens (Kar. & Kir.) Devyatov & Tikhom.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 97(3): 124 (1992)

= Melandrium suaveolens (Kar. & Kir.) Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 711 (1936)

= Melandrium viscosum f. suaveolens (Kar. & Kir.) Krylov; Fl. Zapadnoi Sibiri 5: 1082 (1931)

= Silene griffithii subsp. kunarensis Melzh.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 163: 478 (1988)

= Silene multifida Edgew.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 34 (1846)

= Silene viscosa f. multifida Krylov; Fl. Altai Gov. Tomsk 1: 146 (1901)

species :

Silene subadenophora Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 524, 656 (1968)

Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Paktia / Khost)

32 TZK 34 AFG

species :

Silene subciliata B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 29: 327 (1894)

Name: Louisiana catchfly

Distribution: USA (Louisiana, Texas)

77 USA 78 USA

species :

Silene subconica Friv.; Flora 18: 334 (1835)

Name: Falsches Kegel-Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread N- & C-Greece, rare Peloponnisos, Thasos, Samothraki); Moldova; Armenia; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Samos, Kalimnos, Nisyros, Tilos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

11 ger 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS NMA SIC SRB TUE 14 MLD 33 ARM 34 EAI TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Pleconax, conica agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Conosilene conica var. subconica (Friv.) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 50A: 374 (1971)

= Pleconax conica var. subconica (Friv.) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; Lagascalia 4(1): 14 (1974)

= Pleconax juvenalis (Delile) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 14: 76 (1977)

= Pleconax subconica (Friv.) Šourková; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119: 580 (1972)

= Pleconax tempskyana (Freyn & Sint.) Šourková; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119: 580 (1972)

= Silene conica Hampe; Flora 20: 226 (1837), nom. illeg.

= Silene conica subsp. subconica (Friv.) Gavioli; Sched. Fl. Ital. Exs., Ser. 3: 363 (1927)

= Silene cylindriflora Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 171 (1843), nom. illeg.

= Silene juvenalis Delile; Sem. ann. 1836 Hort. Bot. Reg. Monspel. 28 (1837)

= Silene subconica var. juvenalis (Delile) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 259 (1927)

= Silene tempskyana Freyn & Sint.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 584 (1897)

species :

Silene subcretacea F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 404 (1909)

Distribution: Tibet; Nepal

36 TIB 40 NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene waltonii F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 404 (1909)

species :

Silene subintegra (Hayek) Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 107 (1995)

Distribution: Serbia; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of NW-Greece, one record NW-Peloponnisos)

13 ALB BUL GRC NMA SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Coccyganthe subintegra (Hayek) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 95 (2001)

= Lychnis flos-cuculi subsp. subintegra Hayek; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 70: 14 (1921)

= Lychnis subintegra (Hayek) Turrill; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 33: t. 3228 (1934)

= Silene flos-cuculi subsp. subintegra (Hayek) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 189 (1982)

species :

Silene subodhii S.R.Kundu; Novon 10(1): 38 (2000), nom. nov.

Distribution: Pakistan

40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene stewartii Ghaz.; Pakistan J. Bot. 14: 115 (1982), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene succulenta Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 89 (1775)

subspecies :

subsp. succulenta

Distribution: Crete (W-Crete, islets); Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Armenia; Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz)

13 KRI 20 EGY LBY TUN 33 ARM 34 ISR LEB SIN 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene cryptantha Viv.; Fl. Libyc. Spec. 23 (1824)

= Silene succulenta var. cryptantha Pamp.; Piantae Tripol. [Pampanini] 83 (1914)

= Silene succulenta var. eliezeri Eig; Bull. Inst. Agric. Nat. Hist. Tel-Aviv 6: 4 (1927)

subspecies :

subsp. corsica (DC.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 92 (1878)

Distribution: France [I]; Corsica; Sardinia

12 COR fra SAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene corsica DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 756 (1805)

= Silene succulenta var. corsica (DC.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Saxifraga 134 (1868)

species :

Silene suksdorfii B.L.Rob.; Bot. Gaz. 16: 44. t. 6. fig. 9-11 (1891)

Name: Suksdorf´s silene

Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington State)

73 USA 76 USA

species :

Silene sumbuliana Deniz & O.D.Dücen; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 41(4): 293 (2004)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Silene sunhangii D.G.Zhang, T.Deng & N.Lin; PhytoKeys 135: 62 (2019)

Distribution: China (Hubei)

36 CHI

species :

Silene supina M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 336 (1808)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; N-Greece (rare); Moldova; Northern Caucasus; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)

13 ALB GRC NMA 14 MLD 33 NCS 34 IRN SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene pruinosa var. rubra Gilliat-Sm.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1930(9): 309 (1930)

= Silene soskae Černjavski; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 309 (1966)

= Silene spergulifolia subsp. soskae (Černjavski) Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki, Makedonska Akad. Nauk Umet. 9(1-2): 43 (1988 publ. 1991)

= Silene supina subsp. rubra (Gilliat-Sm.) Assadi; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 168: 740 (2023)

species :

Silene surculosa Hub.-Mor.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 28: 2 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene surobica Gilli; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 59: 175 (1956)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul)

34 AFG

species :

Silene sussamyrica Lazkov; Izv. Akad. Nauk Kirgizsk. S.S.R., Ser. Biol. Nauk 4: 43 (1991)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan

32 KGZ

species :

Silene sveae Lidén & Oxelman; Novon 11: 323 (2001)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene swertiifolia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 32 (1843)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)

32 TKM 34 IRN IRQ ISR JOR SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene chlorifolia subsp. swertiifolia (Boiss.) Ghaz.; Fl. Iraq 5(1): 102 (2016)

= Silene chlorifolia var. swertiifolia (Boiss.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 177 (1868)

= Silene swertiifolia var. stenophylla Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 641 (1867)

= Silene swertiifolia var. straussiana Hausskn. ex Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 19: 217 (1905)

species :

Silene syngei (Turrill) T.Harris & Goyder; Kew Bull. 61(1): 35 (2006)

Distribution: Uganda; W-Kenya

25 KEN UGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium syngei Turrill; Kew Bull. [9]: 411, 558 (1954)

= Silene burchellii var. syngei (Turrill) Turrill ex Hedberg; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 15: 83 (1957)

species :

Silene sytnikii Krytzka, Novosad & Protop.; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 53(5): 581 (1996)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

species :

Silene tachtensis Franch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 6, 15: 239 (1883)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Bamyan); ?Pakistan

32 KAZ TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene flexuosa Ovcz.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 8: No. 6, 38 (1965), in adnot., designat. typi omissa

= Silene hissarica Popov; Descr. Pl. Nov. Turkestan. [Korovin, Kultiasow & Popov] 42 (1916) p. p. incl. typo

species :

Silene taimyrensis (Tolm.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 21 (1967)

Name: Taimyr catchfly

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Magadan); Alaska; Canada (British Columbia, N. W. T., Nunavut, Yukon)

31 RFE 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN

Remarks: sect. Physolychnis, involucrata agg., polyploid derived from uralensis agg. x ajanensis agg. S. ostenfeldii and S. taimyrensis might be different taxa.

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis ostenfeldii (A.E.Porsild) V.V.Petrovsky; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 58: 119 (1973)

= Gastrolychnis taimyrensis (Tolm.) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 161 (1981)

= Gastrolychnis triflora subsp. dawsonii (B.L.Rob.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 128(4): 510 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Gastrolychnis triflora subsp. wrangelica Jurtzev; Trudy Bot. Inst. V. L. Komarova 6: 30 (1994)

= Lychnis dawsonii (B.L.Rob.) J.P.Anderson; Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 20: 251 (1946)

= Lychnis ostenfeldii (A.E.Porsild) B.Boivin; Canad. Field-Naturalist 65: 6 (1951)

= Lychnis taimyrensis (Tolm.) Polunin; Circumpolar Arctic Fl. 180 (1959), in adnot.

= Lychnis triflora subsp. dawsonii (B.L.Rob.) Maguire; Rhodora 52: 241 (1950)

= Lychnis triflora var. dawsonii B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 149 (1893)

= Melandrium dawsonii (B.L.Rob.) Hultén; Fl. Alaska & Yukon (Acta Univ. Lund., Ser. 2, 40: No. 1) 701 (1944)

= Melandrium ostenfeldii A.E.Porsild; Sargentia 4: 37 (1943)

= Melandrium taimyrense Tolm.; Trudy Bot. Muz. 24: 264 (1932)

= Melandrium triflorum var. pallidum Lange; Meddel. Grønland 3: 242 (1887)

= Silene ostenfeldii (A.E.Porsild) J.K.Morton; Sida 21: 888 (2004)

= Silene sorensenis f. pallida (Lange) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 22 (1967)

= Wahlbergella taimyrensis Tolm.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 721 (1936)

species :

Silene takeshimensis Uyeki & Sakata; Bull. Agric. Forest. Coll. Suigen (Suwon) 91: 31 (1935)

Distribution: South Korea (Dagelet Isl.)

38 KOR

species :

Silene taliewii Kleopow; Zhurn. Inst. Bot. Vseukraïns´k. Akad. Nauk. 9(17): 119 (1936)

Distribution: E-European Russia

14 RUS

species :

Silene talyschensis Schischk.; Trav. Mus. Georgie 1920-21: 7 (1922)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh)

33 ARM AZE

Remarks: dichotoma agg.; often included in S. dichotoma s. l.

species :

Silene tamaranae Bramwell; Bot. Macaronés. 22: 122 (1995)

Name: Tamaran-Leimkraut (DE); Canutillo de Tamaran (ES)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria)

21 CNY

species :

Silene tatarica (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 497 (1805)

Name: Tataren-Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Norway; Finland; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg [I], Bayern [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Thüringen [I]); Poland; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; ?Ukraine; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; ?Northern Caucasus

10 FIN NOR 11 GER POL 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus secundus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 168 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Cucubalus tataricus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 415 (1753)

= Silene ruthenica Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 370 (1824)

= Silene secunda (Gilib.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 587 (1841)

= Viscago tartarica (L.) Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 410 (1813)

= Viscago unilateralis Moench; Methodus [Moench] 704 (1794), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene tatarinowii Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 563 (1862)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hunan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium tatarinowii (Regel) Tsui; Iconogr. Cormophyt. Sin. 1: 638, f. 1279 (1972)

= Melandrium tatarinowii var. albiflorum (Franch.) Z.Cheng; Fl. Hupeh. 1: 303 (1976)

= Silene potaninii Maxim.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11: 66 (1889)

= Silene tatarinowii f. albiflora (Franch.) Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo, Sect. IV, 4 (Index Fl. Jehol.) 80 (1936)

= Silene tatarinowii var. albiflora Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 5: 200 (1883)

species :

Silene taygetea Halácsy ex Vierh.; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereins Univ. Wien, n. s. 4: 55 (1906)

Distribution: S-Greece (Mt. Taygetos)

13 GRC

Remarks: saxifraga agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Saxifraga fruticulosa subsp. taygetea (Halácsy) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 270 (1924)

species :

Silene telavivensis Zohary & Plitmann; Fl. Palaest. [Zohary & Feinbrun-Dothan] 1: 92 & 341, t. 117 (1966)

Distribution: Israel (coastal W-Israel)

34 ISR

species :

Silene tenella C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer [C.A. von Meyer] 216 (1831)

Distribution: Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iran (NW-Iran, EC-Iran, N-Iran)

33 AZE 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene lineata Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 37 (1860)

= Silene subtenella Lazkov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 87(12): 113 (2002)

species :

Silene tenuiflora Guss.; Pl. Rar. Neapol. [Gussone] 177 (1826)

Distribution: Bulgaria; Greece (widespread N- & C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos, rare Attiki)

13 BUL GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene cretica subsp. tenuiflora (Guss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 94 (1878)

= Silene cretica var. tenuiflora (Guss.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 167 (1868)

species :

Silene thurberi S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 343 (1875)

Name: Woolly catchfly

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene plicata S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 366 (1882)

species :

Silene thymifolia Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 292 (1809)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Turkey (NW-Anatolia)

13 BUL ROM TUE 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene pontica Brândzã; Analele Acad. Romane, Ser. 2, 4: 436 (1884), nomen

= Silene sangaria Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 28: 2 (1967)

species :

Silene thyrsiantha F.Jafari, Mirtadz. & Keshavarzi; Eur. J. Taxon. 860: 49 (2023)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Silene thysanodes Fenzl; Nov. Stirp. Dec. [Endlicher & Fenzl] 39 (1839)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru

83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis thysanodes (Fenzl) Hook.f.; Bot. Antarct. Voy. I (Fl. Antarct.) 2: 246 (1845)

= Melandrium thysanodes (Fenzl) A.Gray; U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 15(1): 114 (1854)

species :

Silene tibetica Lidén & Oxelman; Novon 11: 324 (2001)

Distribution: SW-Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Silene tokachiensis Kadota; Mem. Natl. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo) 27: 64 (1994)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); Japan

31 RFE 38 JAP

species :

Silene tolmatchevii Bocquet; Candollea 22: 10 (1967)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Magadan, Primorye)

30 SIB 31 RFE

Remarks: sect. Physolychnis, involucrata agg., polyploid derived from uralensis agg. x ajanensis agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma saxatile (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 3: 67 (1839)

= Gastrolychnis saxatilis (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Peschkova; Fl. Centr. Sibiri 1: 330 (1979)

= Lychnis saxatilis Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 1: 32 (1835), et Linnaea 10: Litt.-Ber. 95 (1836)

= Melandrium saxatile (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) A.Br.; Flora 24: 371 (1843)

= Peschkovia saxatilis (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Tzvelev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 111(6): 38 (2006)

= Wahlbergella saxatilis (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Tolm.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 723 (1936)

species :

Silene tomentella Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 648 (1936), rossice, et Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 2: 144 (1936), latine

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan

32 KAZ UZB

species :

Silene tomentosa Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 383 (1824)

Distribution: Gibraltar

12 GIB

Remarks: mollissima agg.

Conservation Status: critically endangered, considered extinct but rediscovered in 1994 and now propagated in botanical gardens

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene gibraltarica Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 20 (1838)

= Silene mogadorensis subsp. gibraltarica (Boiss.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 233 (1932)

= Silene mogadorensis var. gibraltarica (Boiss.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 361 (1877)

= Silene mollissima subsp. gibraltarica (Boiss.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 233 (1932)

= Silene mollissima subsp. tomentosa (Otth) Losa & Rivas Goda; Arch. Inst. Aclim. Cons. Super. Invest. Ci. 13: 148 (1974)

= Silene mollissima var. tomentosa (Otth) Pérez Lara; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 25: 194 (1896)

= Silene velutina var. tomentosa (Otth) Pau; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 24: 269 (1924)

species :

Silene toussidana Quézel; Mém. Inst. Rech. Sahar. 4: 134 (1958)

Distribution: S-Libya (Tibesti)

20 LBY

species :

Silene trachyphylla Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 418 (1886)

Distribution: China (Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

species :

Silene tragacantha Fenzl ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 621 (1867)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene trajectorum Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Obshch. Estestvoisp., Vyp. 3, Otd. Bot. 26: 128 (1896)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene trajectorum var. schischkinii Popov; Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot. 3: 99 (1928)

species :

Silene tridentata Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 349 (1798)

Distribution: Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera); Israel (Rift Valley, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania)

12 SPA 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 34 ISR JOR SIN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene calycina Salzm. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 99 (1869), nom. illeg.

= Silene cerastoides subsp. tridentata (Desf.) Graebn. & P.Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5: 104 (1920)

= Silene cerastoides var. tridentata (Desf.) Juel, Sterner & Örtendahl; Index Sem. (Uppsala) 1922: 6 (1923)

= Silene coarctata Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 15 (1816)

= Silene tridentata var. coarctata (Lag.) Pau; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 25: 140 (1931)

species :

Silene triflora (Bornm.) Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 42: 131 (1937)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

Remarks: sect. Saxifragoideae; species rank confirmed by Durovic et al. 2014

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene saxifraga var. triflora Bornm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: 408 (1925)

species :

Silene tuberculata (Ball) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 95 (1963)

Distribution: Portugal; S-Spain; Morocco

12 POR SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene bocinoi Sennen & Mauricio; nomen] [Brev. Pl. Nov. 1: 6 (1866)

= Silene hirsuta var. tuberculata Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 357 (1877)

= Silene piliancyrana Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 245 (1936)

= Silene scabriflora subsp. tuberculata (Ball) Talavera; Lagascalia 14: 131 (1986)

= Silene scabriflora var. tuberculata (Ball) Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 16 (1927)

species :

Silene tubiformis C.L.Tang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 24(5): 387-389, f. 1 (1986)

Distribution: China (N-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene tubulosa Oxelman & Lidén; Novon 11: 323. 2001

Distribution: Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Silene tundricola (Kuvaev) J.H.Xue, Chepinoga & K.P.Ma; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. N. Asia 239 (2024)

Distribution: Siberia (Krasnoyarsk)

30 SIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis tundricola Kuvaev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 102(5): 70 (1997)

species :

Silene tunetana Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 32(12): 31 (1896)

Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG TUN

species :

Silene tunicoides Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 34 (1843)

Name: Felsennelken-Leimkraut (DE); Tunic Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos); Turkey (Marmaris peninsula)

34 EAI TUR

species :

Silene turbinata Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 506 (1827)

Distribution: Sicily; Algeria; Tunisia

13 SIC 20 ALG TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene rubella subsp. turbinata (Guss.) Chater & Walters; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 69: 48 (1964)

= Silene rubella var. turbinata (Guss.) Fiori & Paol.; Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 365 (1898)

species :

Silene turczaninovii Lazkov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 84(9): 125 (1999), nom. nov.

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia)

30 SIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene ambigua Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 576 (1842), nom. illeg.

= Silene graminifolia lusus ambigua Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 555 (1862)

= Silene graminifolia var. viscosa Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 68 (1858)

species :

Silene turgida M.Bieb. ex Bunge; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 544 (1835)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); Kazakhstan

30 SIB 32 KAZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus fruticulosus J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 713 (1791)

= Cucubalus saxifragus Schangin ex Bunge; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 545 (1835), pro syn.

= Silene altaica Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 374 (1824), nom. illeg.

= Silene graminifolia Bunge; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 2: 143 (1830), nom. illeg.

= Silene graminifolia var. turgida (M.Bieb. ex Bunge) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 552 (1862)

species :

Silene turkestanica Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 2: 436 (1873)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe turkestanica (Regel) Lazkov; Sem. Gvozd. (Caryophyllac.) Fl. Kyrgyzstana 117 (2006)

= Melandrium turkestanicum (Regel) Vved.; Fl. Uzbekist. 2: 396 (1953)

species :

Silene undulata Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 96 (1789)

subspecies :

subsp. undulata

Distribution: Zimbabwe; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]

26 ZIM 27 SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium afrum (Fenzl ex Müll.Berol.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 232 (1869)

= Melandrium capense (Otth) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 232 (1869)

= Melandrium ornatum var. undulatum (Aiton) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 234 (1869)

= Melandrium undulatum (Aiton) Rohrb.; Linnaea 36: 245 (1869)

= Melandrium undulatum var. afrum (Fenzl ex Müll.Berol.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 246 (1869)

= Melandrium undulatum var. capense (Otth) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 246 (1869)

= Silene afra Fenzl ex Müll.Berol.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 7: 276 (1868)

= Silene capensis Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 379 (1824)

= Silene diurniflora Kunze; Index Sem. (Leipzig) 1843: 4 (1843)

= Silene thunbergii E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 87 (1843), nomen

= Silene tristis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 301 (1796), nom. superfl.

subspecies :

subsp. polyantha J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; Bothalia 42(2): 160 (2012)

Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Mpulamanga); Eswatini [Swaziland]

27 SAF SWZ

species :

Silene ungeri Fenzl; Wiss. Ergebn. Reise Griechenl. 136 (1862)

Distribution: S-Albania; W-Greece (widespread Epirus, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl.)

13 ALB GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene aetolica Heldr.; Atti Congr. Int. Bot. Firenze 1874: 239 (1876)

= Silene rohrbachiana Asch. ex F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 126 (1896)

species :

Silene uniflora Roth; Ann. Bot. [Usteri] 10: 46 (1794)

subspecies :

subsp. uniflora

Name: Klippen-Leimkraut (DE), Sea Campion (EN)

Distribution: Iceland; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly, St. Kilda Isl.); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Germany [I]; Poland; Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); N-European Russia; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); +Islas Selvagens; New Zealand [I]; Argentina [I]

10 DEN FIN GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 ger POL 12 CIS FRA POR SPA 14 RUS 21 AZO MDR SEL 51 nzl 85 arg

Remarks: Subgen. Oberna, uniflora agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Behen alpinus (Lam.) Gușul.; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 2: 140 (1953)

= Behen maritimus (With.) Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 245 (1829)

= Behen uniflorus (Roth) Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 245 (1829)

= Behenanthe uniflora (Roth) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 12: 199 (1975)

= Cucubalus alpinus Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 220 (1786)

= Cucubalus behen var. maritimus (With.) Wahlenb.; Fl. Lapp. [Wahlenberg] 121 (1812), et Fl. Suec. [Wahlenberg] 1: 270 (1824)

= Cucubalus littoralis Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 496 (1805)

= Cucubalus maritimus (With.) Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 220 (1786)

= Oberna alpina (Lam.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 119 (1976)

= Oberna behen subsp. maritima (With.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 153: 216 (1984 publ. 1985)

= Oberna uniflora (Roth) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(4): 427 (1977), isonym

= Oberna uniflora (Roth) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 120 (1976)

= Oberna uniflora subsp. islandica (Á.Löve & D.Löve) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 427 (1977)

= Silene alpina Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 2: 177 (1851)

= Silene bastardii Boreau ex J.Lloyd; Fl. Ouest France, Herbor. 4 (1878)

= Silene cucubalus proles maritima (With.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 107 (1896), nom. illeg.

= Silene cucubalus subsp. alpina (Lam.) Dostál; Kvĕtena Česke Socialist. Republ. 412 (1948), nom. illeg.

= Silene cucubalus var. bastardii (Boreau ex J.Lloyd) Rouy; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier), Sér. 3, 3: 79 (1883)

= Silene cucubalus var. petraea (Fr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 107 (1896)

= Silene inflata subsp. alpina (Lam.) Killias; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, N. F. 31: 26 (1888), nom. illeg.

= Silene inflata subsp. maritima (With.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 43 (1894), nom. illeg.

= Silene inflata subsp. maritima (With.) Cajander; Melan. Suomen Kasvio [Cajander], ed. 5: 240 (1906)

= Silene inflata var. alpina (Lam.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 1: 112 (1843)

= Silene inflata var. maritima (With.) Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl. 175 (1820)

= Silene inflata var. petraea Fr.; Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 3: 188 (1842)

= Silene inflata var. uniflora (Roth) Lej. & Courtois; Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 85 (1831)

= Silene maritima (With.) Sm.; Fl. Brit. 468 (1800)

= Silene maritima subsp. alpina (Lam.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 88 (1878)

= Silene maritima subsp. islandica Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 1950(1): 40 (1950), et Acta Horti Gothob. 30: 183 (1956)

= Silene maritima var. nigrescens Merino; Fl. Galicia [Merino] 1: 305 (1905)

= Silene maritima var. stenophylla (Planellas) Merino; Fl. Galicia [Merino] 1: 205 (1905)

= Silene mauritanica Pott ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 84 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene montana Arrond.; Bull. Soc. Archéol. Morbihan, Mém. Procès-Verbaux 1863: 58 (1863)

= Silene stenophylla Planellas; Ensayo Fl. Gallega 121 (1852) non Ledeb.

= Silene stenophylla var. micra Planellas; Ensayo Fl. Gallega 121 (1852)

= Silene uniflora var. montana (Arrond.) Kerguélen; Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 21: 51 (1986)

= Silene venosa proles maritima (With.) Samp.; Man. Fl. Port. 297 (1911)

= Silene venosa subsp. alpina (Lam.) Simonk.; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 88 (1877)

= Silene venosa var. maritima (With.) Menezes; Fl. Madeira 24 (1914)

= Silene vulgaris subsp. alpina (Lam.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 88 (1878)

= Silene vulgaris subsp. alpina (Lam.) Schinz & R.Keller; Fl. Schweiz [Schinz], ed. 3, 1: 188 (1909)

= Silene vulgaris subsp. maritima (With.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 52 (1961)

= Silene vulgaris var. islandica (Á.Löve & D.Löve) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114(1): 52 (1961)

= Silene vulgaris var. montana (Arrond.) Kerguélen; Bull. Assoc. Inform. Appl. Bot. 1: 184 (1994)

= Silene willdenowii Sweet ex O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 99 (1949)

= Viscago maritima (With.) Hornem.; Fl. Dan. [Oeder et al.] t. 857 (1840)

= Wahlbergella uniflora (Roth) Fr.; Bot. Not. 1843: 143 (1843)

subspecies :

subsp. cratericola (Franco) Franco; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 23(1): 91 (1986)

Distribution: Azores (Pico)

21 AZO

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene vulgaris subsp. cratericola Franco; Nov. Fl. Portugal 1: 550, 146 (1971)

subspecies :

subsp. petraea (C.Hartm.) Jonsell & H.C.Prent.; Nordic J. Bot. 16(1): 6 (1996)

Distribution: Sweden

10 SWE

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene maritima var. petraea C.Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 11: 229 (1879)

subspecies :

subsp. thorei (Dufour) Jalas; Willdenowia 14: 48 (1984)

Distribution: +Spain; SW-France

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus fabarius Thore; Essai Chloris 172 (1803), nom. illeg.

= Oberna behen subsp. thorei (Dufour) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 153: 216 (1984 publ. 1985)

= Oberna thorei (Dufour) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 427 (1977)

= Silene crassifolia Thore; Prom. Golfe Gascogne 53 (1810), nom. illeg.

= Silene cucubalus subsp. thorei (Dufour) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 109 (1896)

= Silene cucubalus var. tenella Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 109 (1896)

= Silene inflata subsp. thorei (Dufour) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 43 (1894)

= Silene inflata subsp. thorei (Dufour) Coste; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 718 (1906)

= Silene thorei Dufour; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 84 (1825), nom. nov.

= Silene vulgaris subsp. thorei (Dufour) Chater & Walters; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 69: 47 (1964)

species :

Silene uralensis (Rupr.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 25 (1967)

subspecies :

subsp. uralensis

Name: Apetalous catchfly

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan); Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Labrador, N. W. T., Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Yukon); USA (Colorado, Montana, Utah, Wyoming)

30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KGZ TZK UZB 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Remarks: sect. Physolychnis, uralensis agg., diploid. Reclassification of the whole group fide Quatela et al. (2025)

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis albiflora Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 7: 30 (1845)

= Gastrolychnis apetala subsp. arctica (Fr.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 128(4): 510 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Gastrolychnis apetala subsp. attenuata (Farr) Petrovsky

= Gastrolychnis apetala subsp. uralensis (Rupr.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 128(4): 510 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Gastrolychnis apetala var. nuda Jurtzev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 58: 1747 (1973)

= Gastrolychnis attenuata (Farr) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 161 (1981)

= Gastrolychnis macropetala Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 7: 30 (1845)

= Gastrolychnis uralensis Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 7: 30 (1845)

= Gastrolychnis uralensis subsp. attenuata (Parr) McNeill

= Gastrolychnis violascens Tolm.; Arktichesk. Fl. S.S.S.R. 6: 115 (1971)

= Lychnis apetala f. albida (Lepage) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 94: 632 (1967)

= Lychnis apetala f. arctica (Th.Fr.) Polunin; Bull. Natl. Mus. Canada 92: 184 (1940)

= Lychnis apetala f. palea Polunin; Contr. Gray Herb. 165: 97 (1947)

= Lychnis apetala subsp. arctica Hultén

= Lychnis apetala subsp. attenuata (Farr) Maguire; Rhodora 52: 236 (1950)

= Lychnis apetala var. arctica (Th.Fr.) Cody; Canad. Field-Naturalist 67: 41 (1953)

= Lychnis apetala var. attenuata (Farr) C.L.Hitchc.; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L.Hitchcock et al.] 2: 274 (1964)

= Lychnis apetala var. caespitosa Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 571 (1862), nom. superfl.

= Lychnis apetala var. glabra Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(4): 572 (1862)

= Lychnis apetala var. glandulosopubescens Hook.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 365 (1825)

= Lychnis apetala var. glomerata Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 573 (1862)

= Lychnis apetala var. macropetala Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 1: 44 (1826)

= Lychnis apetala var. mollis Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 1: 43 (1826)

= Lychnis apetala var. nutans B.Boivin; Canad. Field-Naturalist 65: 5 (1951)

= Lychnis apetala var. uralensis (Rupr.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 572 (1862)

= Lychnis attenuata f. glabra (Regel) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 643 (1966)

= Lychnis attenuata Farr; Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Pennsylvania 1: 419 (1904)

= Lychnis macrosperma f. albida Lepage; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 45: 757 (1951)

= Lychnis nesophila Holm; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 338 (1907)

= Lychnis violascens (Tolm.) A.P.Khokhr.

= Melandrium apetalum f. arcticum (Th.Fr.) Ostenf. & Lundager; Meddel. Grønland 43: 17 (1910)

= Melandrium apetalum f. okadae Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 2(2): 6 (1918)

= Melandrium apetalum subsp. arcticum (Th.Fr.) Hultén; Acta Univ. Lund., Ser. 2, 40, no. 1: 700 (1944)

= Melandrium apetalum subsp. attenuatum (Farr) H.Hara; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3, Bot. 6: 42 (1952)

= Melandrium apetalum var. arcticum (Th.Fr.) Simmons; Vasc. Pl. Ellesmereland 127 (1906)

= Melandrium apetalum var. glabrum (Regel) Hultén

= Melandrium nesophilum (Holm) Tolm.; Trudy Bot. Muz. 24: 254 (1932)

= Melandrium violascens (Tolm.) A.P.Khokhr.

= Physolychnis uralensis (Rupr.) Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 14(4) (Sert. Tiansch.): 41 (1869)

= Silene apetala subsp. arctica (Fr.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

= Silene apetala subsp. uralensis (Rupr.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 128(4): 510 (1975 publ.1976)

= Silene apetala var. arctica Fr.

= Silene attenuata (Farr) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 30 (1967)

= Silene uralensis f. albescens Bocquet; Candollea 22: 27 (1967)

= Silene uralensis f. albida (Lepage) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 25 (1967)

= Silene uralensis f. palea (Polunin) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 26 (1967)

= Silene uralensis subsp. arctica (Th.Fr.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 27 (1967)

= Silene uralensis subsp. attenuata (Farr) McNeill; Canad. J. Bot. 56(3): 307 (1978)

= Silene uralensis var. mollis (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 25 (1967)

= Silene violascens (Tolm.) V.V.Petrovsky & Elven; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1): 437 (2008)

= Silene wahlbergella subsp. arctica (Fr.) Hultén; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., Ser. 4, 13 (1): 326 (1971): et Bot. Not.,126(4): 482 (1973)

= Silene wahlbergella subsp. attenuata (Farr) Hultén; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., Ser. 4, 13 (1): 326 (1971)

= Wahlbergella apetala var. arctica Th.Fr.; Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 1869: 133 (1869)

= Wahlbergella attenuata (Farr) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 319 (1912)

= Wahlbergella macropetala Rupr.; Fl. Bor.-Ural. 30 (1854)

= Wahlbergella uralensis (Rupr.) Rupr.; Fl. Bor.-Ural. 17 (1854)

subspecies :

subsp. apetala (L.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 26 (1967)

Distribution: Norway; Sweden; Finland; C-European Russia; N-European Russia

10 FIN NOR SWE 14 RUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma apetalum (L.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 416 (1831)

= Agrostemma brachypetalum Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 44 (1826)

= Gastrolychnis apetala (L.) Tolm. & Kozhanch.; Arktichesk. Fl. S.S.S.R. 6: 113 (1971)

= Gastrolychnis popovii Peschkova; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 12: 278 (1975), nom. nov. for Melandrium apetalum var. vegetum Popov

= Lychnis apetala L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 437 (1753)

= Melandrium apetalum (L.) Fenzl; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 326 (1842)

= Melandrium apetalum var. vegetum Popov; Konspekt Fl. Pober. Baikal 213 (1966)

= Physolychnis apetala (L.) Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 14(4) (Sert. Tiansch.): 41 (1869)

= Silene vegetum (Popov) Chepinoga; Botanica Pacifica 12(2): 122 (2023)

= Silene wahlbergella Chowdhuri; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 237 (1957), nom. nov. superfl.

= Wahlbergella albiflora Rupr.; Fl. Bor.-Ural. 30 (1854)

= Wahlbergella apetala (L.) Fr.; Summa Veg. Scand. [Fries] 155 (1845)

subspecies :

subsp. ogilviensis (A.E.Porsild) D.F.Brunt.; Canad. J. Bot. 59: 1362 (1981)

Name: Ogilvie catchfly

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Manitoba, N. W. T., Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Yukon)

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN

Remarks: sect. Physolychnis, uralensis agg., tetraploid

Synonyms: hidden

= Gastrolychnis soczavana subsp. ogilviensis (A.E.Porsild) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 128(4): 510 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Melandrium apetalum subsp. ogilviense A.E.Porsild; Publ. Bot. (Ottawa) 4: 23 (1974 publ. 1975)

species :

Silene urodonta Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 28(2): 145 (1911)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene urvillei d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 304 (1822)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Nisyros, Kos); Turkey (SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

34 EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene juniperina Kunth ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 193 (1869)

species :

Silene vachschii Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 562, 661 (1968)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

species :

Silene vagans C.B.Clarke; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 6 (1888)

Distribution: India (Nagaland)

40 IND

Remarks: recently rediscovered after 138 years, see Dey et al. 2024

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene viridiflora f. webbiana (Wall. ex Benth.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 215 (1868)

= Silene webbiana Wall. ex Benth.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 79 (1834)

species :

Silene vaginans Lidén; Edinburgh J. Bot. 80-367: 20 (2023)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Silene vallesia L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1032 (1759)

subspecies :

subsp. vallesia

Name: Walliser Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; France; Italy

11 ger SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene clavata Moench; Methodus [Moench] 706 (1794), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. graminea (Rchb.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 92 (1878)

Name: Grasblättriges Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: France; Italy; Croatia; Montenegro; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania

12 FRA 13 ALB CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA

Remarks: vallesia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene graminea Vis. ex Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 6: 52 (1844)

= Silene multicaulis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 651 (1867), nom. illeg.

= Silene vallesia proles graminea (Vis. ex Rchb.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 123 (1896)

= Silene vallesia var. graminea (Vis. ex Rchb.) Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 1: 210 (1848)

species :

Silene valsecchiae Bocchieri; Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 26: 305 (1988)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

species :

Silene vanchingshanensis C.Y.Wu ex Huan C.Wang & Feng Yang; PhytoKeys 189: 156, figs. 1-2 (2022)

Distribution: China (Guizhou)

36 CHI

species :

Silene variegata (Desf.) Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 82 (1849)

Distribution: Crete (mountains)

13 KRI

Remarks: Subgen. Oberna

Synonyms: hidden

= Agrostemma variegatum (Desf.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 416 (1831)

= Cucubalus cyclamineus Sieber; Reise Kreta 2: 324 (1823)

= Cucubalus fabarius Sieber; Reise Kreta 2: 324 (1823)

= Lychnis variegata Desf.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 11: 442 (1808)

= Oberna variegata (Desf.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. Bohemoslov. 12: 427 (1977)

species :

Silene vautierae Bocquet; Candollea 22: 17 (1967)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Silene velcevii Jordanov & Panov; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 3: 594 (1966)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Remarks: saxifraga agg.

species :

Silene velutina Pourr. ex Loisel.; J. Bot. [Desvaux] 2: 324 (1809)

Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia; ?Italy

12 COR SAR

Remarks: mollissima agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene fruticosa Salzm. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 226 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene mogadorensis subsp. velutina (Pourr. ex Loisel.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 44: 296 (1953)

= Silene mollissima subsp. velutina (Loisel.) Maire; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 498 (1805)

= Silene salzmannii Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 381 (1824)

species :

Silene velutinoides Pomel; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algérie 11: 208 (1874)

Distribution: Sardinia; Morocco; Algeria

12 SAR 20 ALG MOR

species :

Silene ventricosa Adamović; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 55: 180 (1905)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

Remarks: Status uncertain, near S. sendtneri

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites ventricosus (Adamović) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 437 (1970)

species :

Silene verecunda S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 344 (1875)

Name: San Francisco campion

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, Oregon, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe chamissonis Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 15(2): 201 (1869)

= Silene andersonii Clokey; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 38: 2 (1939)

= Silene behrii (Rohrb.) F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 180 (1896)

= Silene luisana S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 261 (1888)

= Silene occidentalis var. sancta Jeps.; Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 1: 507 (1915)

= Silene platyota S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 366 (1882)

= Silene verecunda subsp. andersonii (Clokey) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 43 (1947)

= Silene verecunda subsp. platyota (S.Watson) C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 42 (1947)

= Silene verecunda var. andersonii (Clokey) N.H.Holmgren & P.K.Holmgren; Intermount. Fl. [Cronquist et al.] 2A: 466 (2012)

= Silene verecunda var. eglandulosa C.L.Hitchc. & Maguire; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13: 43 (1947)

= Silene verecunda var. platyota (S.Watson) Jeps.; Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 1: 509 (1915)

species :

Silene vidaliana Pau & Font Quer; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. 1927: n 181 (1928) [in sched.]

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Silene villosa Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 88 non 210 (1775)

Distribution: Morocco; S-Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Mauritania; N-Niger; N-Chad (Tibesti); Sudan; Iraq (S-Iraq); Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Midyan, Rub al Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (W-Yemen); Pakistan (Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov.)

20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 22 MTN NGR 24 CHA SUD 34 IRN IRQ ISR SIN 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene canopica Delile ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 406 (1825)

= Silene ismailitica (Schweinf.) Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 376 (1964)

= Silene villosa var. erecta Täckh. & Boulos; Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 17 (1972 publ. 1974)

= Silene villosa var. graveolens Sickenb.; Mém. Inst. Égypt. 4(2): 184 (1901)

= Silene villosa var. ismailitica Schweinf.; Mém. Inst. Egypt. 2, Suppl. 748 (1889)

= Silene villosa var. micropetala Coss. ex Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 136 (1888)

= Silene villosa var. stricterefracta Hausskn. & Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 28(2): 139 (1911)

species :

Silene villosula (Trautv.) V.V.Petrovsky & Elven; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1): 437 (2008)

Distribution: Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, Yakutia)

30 SIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis ajanensis var. villosula Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 498 (1887)

= Lychnis sibirica subsp. villosula (Trautv.) Tolm.; Fl. Vostochnoi Taimyra 1: 118 (1932)

= Lychnis villosula (Trautv.) Gorschk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 694 (1936)

= Sofianthe villosula (Trautv.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 97 (2001)

species :

Silene virescens Coss.; Ill. Fl. Atlant. 1: 143 (1891)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Silene virgata Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 283 (1886)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

34 IRN TUR

species :

Silene virginica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 419 (1753)

Name: Fire Pink

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)

74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis virginica (L.) Edwards; Nat. Hist. Carolina 2: 1 (1771)

= Melandrium virginicum (L.) A.Braun; Flora 26: 372 (1843)

= Silene catesbaei Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 141 (1788)

= Silene coccinea Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 306 (1802)

= Silene virginica var. hallensis Pickens & M.C.W.Pickens; Castanea 25: 125 (1960)

= Silene virginica var. minor Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 278 (1842)

= Silene virginica var. robusta Strausb. & Core; Castanea 17: 165 (1952)

species :

Silene viridiflora L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 597 (1762)

Name: Grünblütiges Leimkraut

Distribution: Slovakia; Hungary; NE-Spain; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of mainland, Thasos, Samothraki); Moldova; Crimea; Turkey (S-Anatolia); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)

11 HUN SLO 12 COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD 34 SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites viridiflorus (L.) Opiz; Lotos 4: 42 (1854)

= Silene amana Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 634 (1867)

= Silene pauciflora Ucria; Nuov. Racc. Opusc. Aut. Sicil. 6: 251 (1793)

species :

Silene viscariopsis Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 38 (1921)

Distribution: S-North Macedonia

13 NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Steris

Synonyms: hidden

= Eudianthe macedonica Velen.; Reliq. Mrkvičkanae [Velenovský] 7 (1922)

species :

Silene viscidula Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 421 (1886)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium lankongense (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 204-205 (1929)

= Melandrium viscidulum (Franch.) F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 407 (1909)

= Silene asclepiadea var. dumicola (W.W.Sm.) C.L.Tang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9: 28 (1987)

= Silene bodinieri H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(254-256): 350-351 (1912)

= Silene dumicola W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(55): 222 (1919)

= Silene lankongensis Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 421 (1886)

= Silene mairei H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 25: 15 (1915)

species :

Silene viscosa (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 497 (1805)

Name: Klebriges Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Denmark; Sweden; Finland; Germany (+Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg [I], Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Schleswig-Holstein [I], +Sachsen-Anhalt); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Serbia; North Macedonia; Romania; ?Bulgaria; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; C-European Russia; N-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Paktia / Khost); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Mongolia; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Gilgit); India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)

10 DEN FIN SWE 11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO 13 NMA ROM SRB 14 EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN SYR TUR 37 MON 40 IND PAK

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Carpophora viscosa (L.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 100 (2001)

= Carpophora viscosa var. kossinskyi Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 101 (2001)

= Carpophora viscosa var. krascheninnikovii Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 100 (2001)

= Cucubalus dubrensis Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 6 (1768)

= Cucubalus royenii M.Bieb.; Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp. 115 (1798)

= Cucubalus viscidus Krock.; Fl. Siles. [Krocker] 2(1): 40 (1790)

= Cucubalus viscosus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 414 (1753)

= Elisanthe viscosa (L.) Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 15(2): 200 (1869)

= Lychnis viscosa (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 306 (1771)

= Melandrium griffithii (Boiss.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 232 (1869)

= Melandrium viscosum (L.) Čelak.; Lotos 18: 118 (1868)

= Melandrium viscosum f. subundulatum Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 273 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene griffithii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 1: 76 (1846)

= Silene royenii Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 497 (1805)

= Silene taurica Fisch. ex Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 3: 66 (1839)

= Viscago glutinosa Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 395 (1816), nom. illeg.

= Viscago viscosa (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 303 (1802)

= Viscaria viscosa (L.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1: 85 (1859), isonym

species :

Silene vittata Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 351 (1886)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Syria (C-Syria)

34 SYR TUR

species :

Silene vivianii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 588 (1841)

subspecies :

subsp. vivianii

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (E-Jordania, S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia

20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 34 IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN SYR 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene asphaltica Kotschy ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 105 (1869)

= Silene colorata var. pseudoliveriana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 189 (1935)

= Silene ligulata Viv.; Fl. Libyc. Spec. 23, t. 12, f. 3 (1824)

= Silene setacea var. echinosperma Emb. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 169 (1932)

= Silene setacea var. glabrescens Pamp.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 12: 27 (1936)

= Silene setacea var. microsperma Pau; Cavanillesia 4: 157 (1931)

= Silene setacea Viv.; Fl. Libyc. Spec. 23, t. 12, f. 2 (1824) (non Otth ex DC. (1824))

= Silene spicata Ehrh. ex Rohrb.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 25: 82 (1867), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. getula (Pomel) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 190 (1982)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene getula Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 329 (1875)

= Silene getula var. macrotricha Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 211 (1936)

= Silene getula var. maroccana (Coss.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 211 (1936)

= Silene maroccana Coss.; Ill. Fl. Atlant. 1: 130 (1891)

= Silene setacea subsp. getula (Pomel) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 170 (1932)

= Silene setacea var. macrotricha (Maire) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 987 (1941)

= Silene setacea var. maroccana (Coss.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 987 (1941)

= Silene wilczekii Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 227 (1936)

subspecies :

subsp. viscida (Boiss.) Boulos; Fl. Egypt Checkl. 14 (1995)

Distribution: Egypt

20 EGY

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene setacea var. viscida Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 594 (1867)

species :

Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke; Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland, ed. 9: 64 (1869)

subspecies :

subsp. vulgaris

Name: Taubenkropf, Aufgeblasenes Leimkraut (DE); Maidens-tears, Bladder Campion (EN); Conejera comun (ES)

Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Flores Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (La Gomera, Hierro); South Africa [I]; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, WN-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, S-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Parwan); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); China (Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang); Tibet; Mongolia; Pakistan (Astor, Gilgit, Baltistan, Azad Kashmir, Hazara, Dir, Chitral, Swat); Nepal; NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Dras); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); USA [I] (Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Haiti [I]; Brazil [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Araucanía [I])

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 EGY 21 AZO CNY MDR 27 saf 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP IRN ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 40 IND NEP PAK 50 aus 51 nzl 70 ask cdn 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 81 his 84 bra 85 arg cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Behen angustifolius Schott ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 194 (1841)

= Behen fabarius Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 245 (1829)

= Behen glareosus Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 343 (1868)

= Behen oleraceum E.H.L.Krause; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33(2): 468 (1915)

= Behen puberulus Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 343 (1868)

= Behen trachiatus Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 343 (1868)

= Behen vesicarium E.H.L.Krause; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33(2): 468 (1915)

= Behen vesicarius Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 343 (1868)

= Behen vulgaris Moench; Methodus [Moench] 709 (1794)

= Behenantha glaucescens Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 15(2): 132 (1877)

= Behenantha inflata (Sadler) Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 15(2): 131 (1877)

= Behenantha inflata var. ovalifolia Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 15(2): 132 (1877)

= Behenantha saponariifolia Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 15(2): 133 (1877)

= Behenantha wallichiana (Klotzsch) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 12: 199 (1975)

= Cucubalus angustifolius Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): XXV (1811), nom. illeg.

= Cucubalus behen L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 414 (1753) (syn. subst.)

= Cucubalus behen var. arvensis Borkh.; Rhein. Mag. Erweiter. Naturk. 1(Fl. Grafsch. Catzenelnbogen): 522 (1793)

= Cucubalus behen var. sylvestris Borkh.; Rhein. Mag. Erweiter. Naturk. 1(Fl. Grafsch. Catzenelnbogen): 522 (1793), nom. inval.

= Cucubalus inflatus Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 302 (1796)

= Cucubalus inflatus var. hirsutus Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 645 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Cucubalus latifolius Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 2 (1768)

= Cucubalus littoralis Vis.; Stirp. Dalmat. Spec. 32 (1826)

= Cucubalus montanus Vest; Flora 4: 149 (1821)

= Cucubalus personii Spreng. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 451 (1841)

= Cucubalus rotundifolius Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 243 (1821)

= Cucubalus saponariifolius Moench ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 451

= Cucubalus scaber Fisch. ex Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 547 (1861)

= Cucubalus venosus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 165 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Cucubalus viridis Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 221 (1786)

= Oberna behen subsp. angustifolia (Wirtg.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 153: 216 (1984 publ. 1985)

= Oberna pubicaulis Galushko ex Taisumov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 114(5): 70 (2009)

= Oberna wallichiana (Klotzsch) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 120 (1976)

= Oncerum globosum Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 258 (1867)

= Physocarpon arvense Raf.; Autik. Bot. 27 (1840)

= Physocarpon capitatum Raf.; Autik. Bot. 28 (1840)

= Physocarpon vespertinum Raf.; Autik. Bot. 28 (1840)

= Silene alpina (Lam.) E.Thomas ex Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 1: 203 (1847), nom. illeg.

= Silene amoena Huds.; Fl. Angl. [Hudson] 164 (1762)

= Silene angustifolia Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 500 (1827), nom. illeg.

= Silene angustifolia subsp. vulgaris (Gaudin) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 544 (1910), nom. illeg.

= Silene behen var. cucubalus Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 14 (1898)

= Silene boraeana Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 106 (1896)

= Silene brachiata Jord. ex Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 94 (1857)

= Silene brachyantha Schur ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 86 (1878)

= Silene breviflora (Rouy) A.W.Hill; Index Kew., Suppl. 6: 194 (1926)

= Silene campanulata Saut.; Flora 13: 485 (1830)

= Silene capsiriensis Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse 6: 89 (1887)

= Silene commutata var. angustifolia Willk. ex Merino; Fl. Galicia [Merino] 1: 205 (1905)

= Silene coulteriana Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 368 (1824)

= Silene cucubalus f. marginata (Rouy) Tosco; Webbia 30: 138 (1976)

= Silene cucubalus proles boraeana Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 106 (1896)

= Silene cucubalus proles breviflora (Rouy) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 106 (1896)

= Silene cucubalus proles stenocalyx (F.Gérard) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 105 (1896)

= Silene cucubalus proles vesicaria Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 103 (1896)

= Silene cucubalus subsp. vesicaria (Schrad.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 103 (1896)

= Silene cucubalus subsp. vulgaris (Moench) Bech.; Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 43: 54 (1934) (nom. inval.)

= Silene cucubalus var. brachiata (Jord. ex Boreau) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 104 (1896)

= Silene cucubalus var. breviflora Rouy; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier), Sér. 3, 3: 80 (1883)

= Silene cucubalus var. ciliata (Lange) Merino; Fl. Galicia [Merino] 1: 204 (1905)

= Silene cucubalus var. latifolia (Rchb.) Beck

= Silene cucubalus var. latifolia Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 104 (1896)

= Silene cucubalus var. maritima Ewart; Fl. Victoria 502 (1931)

= Silene cucubalus var. oleracea Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 104 (1896)

= Silene cucubalus var. stenocalyx F.Gérard; Notes Pl. Vosges 11 (1890)

= Silene cucubalus Wibel; Prim. Fl. Werth. [Wibel] 241 (1799) (nom. illeg.)

= Silene delphinensis Beauverd; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 17: 348 (1925 publ. 1926)

= Silene fabaria Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 4: 627 (1841), nom. illeg.

= Silene fimbriata Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (7)

= Silene fischeri Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 584 (1841)

= Silene glauca Sm. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 584 (1841)

= Silene inflata f. luxurians Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 128 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene inflata lusus glabra Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 546 (1862)

= Silene inflata lusus scabra Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 547 (1862)

= Silene inflata Sm.; Fl. Brit. 467 (1800) (nom. illeg.)

= Silene inflata subsp. angustifolia (DC.) Ces.; Not. Nat. Civ. Lombardia [Cattaneo] 1: 289 (1844)

= Silene inflata subsp. puberula (Jord. ex Boreau) Berher; Fl. Vosges [Louis], éd. 2: 53 (1887)

= Silene inflata subsp. vesicaria (Boreau) Berher; Fl. Vosges [Louis], éd. 2: 53 (1887)

= Silene inflata subsp. vulgaris (Moench) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 317 (1936) (nom. inval.)

= Silene inflata var. alpina Hampe; Prodr. Fl. Hercyn. 30 (1836)

= Silene inflata var. angustifolia DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 747 (1805)

= Silene inflata var. apetala Ces.; Not. Nat. Civ. Lombardia [Cattaneo] 1: 289 (1844), nom. inval.

= Silene inflata var. brachiata (Jord. ex Boreau) Caldesi; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11: 339 (1879)

= Silene inflata var. breviflora (Rouy) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 317 (1936)

= Silene inflata var. castrata DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 604 (1815)

= Silene inflata var. ciliata Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan. 4: 111 (1865)

= Silene inflata var. ciliata Wirtg.; Fl. Coblenz 25 (1841), nom. inval.

= Silene inflata var. colorata Hampe; Linnaea 11: 46 (1837)

= Silene inflata var. foliosa Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 25: 140 (1926)

= Silene inflata var. intricata Lowe; Man. Fl. Madeira 52 (1857)

= Silene inflata var. latifolia (Mill.) Murr; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 12(1): 4 (1894), nom. illeg.

= Silene inflata var. latifolia Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 1: 425 (1827)

= Silene inflata var. laurifolia Rouy ex Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 282 (1893), nom. illeg.

= Silene inflata var. minor Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 163 (1828)

= Silene inflata var. minor Moris; Fl. Sardoa 1: 246 (1837)

= Silene inflata var. puberula Syme; Engl. Bot., ed. 3B, 2: 56 (1864)

= Silene inflata var. pubescens DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 747 (1805)

= Silene inflata var. pubescens Dierb.; Mag. Pharm. 4: 42 (1826)

= Silene inflata var. rubriflora Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 629 (1867)

= Silene cucubalus f. rubriflora Emb. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 985 (1941)

= Silene inflata var. spathulata Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2): 545 (1862)

= Silene inflata var. tubiflora Marcet; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 46: 383 (1943)

= Silene inflata var. undulatifolia Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 25: 140 (1926)

= Silene inflata var. viridiflorus DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 747 (1805)

= Silene inflata var. vulgaris (Moench) Turcz.; Fl. Baical.-dahur. 1: 202 (1842)

= Silene inflata var. vulgaris Otth ex Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 1: 425 (1827)

= Silene inflata var. zapateri Escriche; Rev. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 36: 32 (1938)

= Silene latifolia (Mill.) Britten & Rendle; List Brit. Seed-Pl. Ferns 5 (1907), nom. illeg.

= Silene latifolia var. pubescens (DC.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 8: 270 (1923)

= Silene linearis Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 2: 51 (1830)

= Silene maritima Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 1: 528 (1827), nom. illeg.

= Silene microloba Schott, Nyman & Kotschy; Analect. Bot. 59 (1854)

= Silene oenantha Arv.-Touv.; Essai Pl. Dauphiné 21 (1871)

= Silene oleracea Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 95 (1857)

= Silene oleracea Ficinus; Fl. Dresden, ed. 2, 1: 313 (1821) (nom. illeg.)

= Silene persoonii Schott ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 823 (1832), nom. inval.

= Silene pseudobehen Schur ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 88 (1878), nom. inval.

= Silene puberula Jord. ex Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 94 (1857)

= Silene saponariifolia Schott ex Besser; Enum. Pl. [Besser] 46 (1822)

= Silene stenocalyx (F.Gérard) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 105 (1896)

= Silene stylosa Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (7)

= Silene uniflora Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 4: 632 (1841)

= Silene venosa (Gilib.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1: 86 (1860) (nom. illeg.)

= Silene venosa f. angustifolia (DC.) Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 128 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene venosa f. diluterosea Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 127 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene venosa f. dolichopetala Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 129 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene venosa f. laeviuscula Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 130 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene venosa f. latilaciniata Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 128 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene venosa f. paradoxa Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 128 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene venosa f. sublaevis Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 127 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene venosa subsp. vulgaris (Gaudin) C.W.Christ.; Fl. Kiel [J. A. Christiansen et al.] 96 (1922)

= Silene venosa subsp. vulgaris (Moench) Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(1): 66 (1913), nom. inval.

= Silene venosa var. angustifolia Wirtg.; Prodr. Fl. Ciren. 195 (1931)

= Silene venosa var. carpatica Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 129 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene venosa var. crassifolia Welw. ex Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 215 (1913)

= Silene venosa var. intricata (Lowe) Menezes; Fl. Madeira 24 (1914)

= Silene venosa var. micrantha Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 129 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene venosa var. oreophila K.Malý; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 22: 692 (1910)

= Silene venosa var. ovalifolia Gürke; Pl. Eur. [Richter] 289 (1890)

= Silene venosa var. rubra (Ramond) K.Malý; Magyar Bot. Lapok 7(4-8): 209 (1908)

= Silene venosa var. vistulensis Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 129 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Silene vesicaria Schrad. ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 822 (1832)

= Silene vespertina Fenzl; Adv. Bot. (7)

= Silene vulgaris f. colorata (Hampe) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 257 (1924)

= Silene vulgaris f. fallacina (Gușul.) Váczy; Contr. Bot. Univ. ´Babeş-Bolyai´ Cluj-Napoca 1979: 364 (1979)

= Silene vulgaris f. grandifolia (Gușul.) Váczy; Contr. Bot. Univ. ´Babeş-Bolyai´ Cluj-Napoca 1979: 364 (1979)

= Silene vulgaris f. intermedia (Gușul.) Váczy; Contr. Bot. Univ. ´Babeş-Bolyai´ Cluj-Napoca 1979: 364 (1979)

= Silene vulgaris f. ivanovicii Soldatović & Gajić; Glasn. Prír. Mus. Beogradu, Ser. C 10: 27 (1977)

= Silene vulgaris f. latifolia (Mill.) Váczy; Contr. Bot. Univ. ´Babeş-Bolyai´ Cluj-Napoca 1979: 364 (1979)

= Silene vulgaris f. macrophylla Soldatović & Gajić; Glasn. Prír. Mus. Beogradu, Ser. C 10: 27 (1977)

= Silene vulgaris f. polypetala Panov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 27: 1571 (1974)

= Silene vulgaris f. pubescens (DC.) Váczy; Contr. Bot. Univ. ´Babeş-Bolyai´ Cluj-Napoca 1979: 364 (1979)

= Silene vulgaris subsp. ovalifolia (Gürke) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 4 (1984)

= Silene vulgaris subsp. paniculata (Grecescu) Váczy; Contr. Bot. Univ. ´Babeş-Bolyai´ Cluj-Napoca 1979: 364 (1979)

= Silene vulgaris subsp.. brachiata (Jord.) Gürke; Pl. Eur. [Richter] 286 (1890)

= Silene vulgaris var. alpina Bolzon; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 21: 179 (1914)

= Silene vulgaris var. brachiata (Jord.) Murr; Neue Übers. Bl.-Pfl. Vorarlberg Liechtenstein 2: 107 (1923)

= Silene vulgaris var. latifolia (Mill.) Murr; Neue Übers. Bl.-Pfl. Vorarlberg Liechtenstein 2: 107 (1923)

= Silene vulgaris var. oleracea (Boreau) Stevan. & Niketić; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59(4): 394 (2007)

= Silene vulgaris var. oreophila (K.Malý) Stevan. & Niketić; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59: 394 (2007)

= Silene wallichiana Klotzsch; Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke] 139 (1862)

= Silene willdenowii Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 2: 51 (1830) ex O.Schwarz, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1(1): 99 (1949)

= Silene zawadskii Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1850(Adv. Bot.): 7 (1851), pro syn.

variant :

var. humilis R.Schub.; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 3: 872 (1954)

Name: Niedriger Taubenkropf (DE)

Distribution: Germany; France; etc.

11 GER 12 FRA

Remarks: on a variety of metal-rich soils

Synonyms: hidden

= Oberna behen subsp. humilis (R.Schub.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Přír. 153(4): 216 (1984 publ. 1986)

= Silene cucubalus subsp. humilis (R.Schub.) Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 64: 4 (1963)

= Silene vulgaris subsp. humilis (R.Schub.) Rauschert; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 15: 746 (1966)

variant :

var. littoralis (Rupr.) Jalas; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 14(4): 191 (1977)

Distribution: Finland; Estonia; NW-European Russia

10 FIN 14 EST RUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Behenantha littoralis (Rupr.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 12: 199 (1975)

= Oberna behen subsp. littoralis (Rupr) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 183 (2000)

= Oberna littoralis (Rupr.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 120 (1976)

= Silene inflata var. littoralis Rupr.; Fl. Ingr. [Ruprecht] 159 (1860)

subspecies :

subsp. aetnensis (Strobl) Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 107: 208 (1973)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene inflata var. aetnensis Strobl; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 35: 362 (1885)

subspecies :

subsp. macrocarpa Turrill; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 36: t. 3551 (1956)

Name: Großfrüchtiges Leimkraut (DE); Large-fruited Catchfly (EN)

Distribution: France; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (lowlands of C- & S-Greece, almost all islands); Crete (widespread); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Pico, Corvo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Hierro); South Africa [I]; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, Rhodos); Turkey; Iran; Afghanistan (Badakshan); Cyprus

12 COR FRA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT PEL SIC SRB TUE 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY 27 saf 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus angustifolius Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: nr. 3 (1768)

= Oberna angustifolia (Mill.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 15: 147 (1979)

= Oberna behen subsp. angustifolia (Guss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Přír. 153(4): 216 (1984 publ. 1986)

= Oberna behen subsp. macrocarpa (Turrill) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Přír. 153(4): 216 (1984 publ. 1986)

= Oberna macrocarpa (Turrill) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. Bohemoslov. 12: 427 (1977)

= Silene angustissima Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 95 (1857)

= Silene cucubalus f. lancifolia (Rouy) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 34 (1963)

= Silene cucubalus f. rubriflora (Ball) Emb. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 985 (1941)

= Silene cucubalus f. sersuensis (Pomel) Emb. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 985 (1941)

= Silene cucubalus subsp. angustifolia (Hayek) Rech.f.; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105(1): 164 (1943)

= Silene cucubalus subsp. tenoreana (Colla) Nègre; Fl. Maroc [Sauvage & Vindt] 1: 221 (1961) (nom. inval.)

= Silene cucubalus var. lancifolia (Rouy) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 34 (1963)

= Silene cucubalus var. lancifolia (Rouy) Rouy; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier), Sér. 3, 3: 79 (1883)

= Silene cucubalus var. platyphylla Maire; [nom. inval.]

= Silene cucubalus var. pubescens DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 744 (1805)

= Silene cucubalus var. tenoreana (Colla) Rouy; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier), Sér. 3, 3: 80 (1883)

= Silene sersuensis Pomel; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algérie 11: 209 (1874)

= Silene tenoreana Colla; Herb. Pedem. 1: 328 (1833)

= Silene tenorei Schrad.; Index Sem. (Göttingen) 1821: 4 (1821)

= Silene vulgaris f. lancifolia (Rouy) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 169 (1932)

= Silene vulgaris f. rubriflora (Ball) Jahand. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 220 (1932)

= Silene vulgaris f. sersuensis (Pomel) Jahand. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 220 (1932)

= Silene vulgaris subsp. angustifolia (Mill.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 256 (1924)

= Silene vulgaris subsp. tenoreana (Colla) Soldano & F.Conti; Annot. Checkl. Italian Vasc. Fl. 21 (2005)

= Silene vulgaris var. angustifolia (Mill.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 38(1): 87 (1974)

= Silene vulgaris var. lancifolia Rouy; Pl. Espagne [Exsicc.] 1882: no. 63 (1882)

= Silene vulgaris var. macrocarpa (Turrill) Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 3 (1967)

= Silene vulgaris var. tenoreana (Colla) Jahand. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 220 (1932)

= Tunica angustifolia (Mill.) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 544 (1910)

subspecies :

subsp. megalosperma (Heldr.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 258 (1924)

Distribution: C-Greece (Attiki, Evvoia)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene cucubalus subsp. megalosperma (Heldr.) Rech.f.; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105(1): 165 (1943)

= Silene megalosperma Heldr.

subspecies :

subsp. suffrutescens Greuter, Matthäs & Risse; Willdenowia 14(1): 34 (1984)

Distribution: Greece (rare NW-, C-Greece, Kithira); Crete (widespread)

13 GRC KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Oberna behen subsp. suffrutescens (Greuter, Matthäs & Risse) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Přír. 153(4): 216 (1984 publ. 1986)

= Oberna suffrutescens (Greuter, Matthäs & Risse) Holub; Preslia 58(4): 302 (1986)

subspecies :

subsp. vourinensis Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 122 (1995)

Distribution: NC-Greece (Mt. Vernon)

13 GRC

species :

Silene waldsteinii Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 179 (1843)

Distribution: Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; N-Greece (along border, Thasos)

13 ALB BUL CRO GRC KOS NMA SRB

Remarks: sect. Saxifragoideae

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene bupleuroides subsp. ganiatsasiana Voliotis; Razpr. Slov. Akad. Znan. Umetn., Razr. Nar. Vede 31: 400 (1990) et Israel J. Bot. 40(3): 226 (1991)

= Silene clavata (Hampe) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 140 (1869) (non Moench (1794))

= Silene croatica Waldst. & Kit. ex Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 140 (1869), nom. inval.

= Silene macropoda Velen.; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 7, 1: 8 (1886)

= Silene saxifraga var. clavata Hampe; Flora 20: 233 (1837)

= Silene waldsteinii f. media (Velen.) Stoj. & Jordanov; God. Sofiisk. Univ. Fiz.-Mat. Fak. 34: 178 (1937-1938 publ. 1938)

species :

Silene wardii (C.Marquand) Bocquet; Candollea 22(1): 20 (1967)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis wardii C.Marquand; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48(321): 165 (1929)

= Melandrium wardii (C.Marquand) Pax & K.Hoffm.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 342 (1934)

species :

Silene weberbaueri (Muschl.) Bocquet; Candollea 22: 38 (1967)

Distribution: C-Peru

83 PER

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium weberbaueri Muschl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 442 (1911)

species :

Silene wendelboi Assadi; Iran. J. Bot. 1 2: 182, f. 1 (1977)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Silene wilfordii (Regel) H.Ohashi & H.Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 71(5): 271 (1996)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Jilin); N-North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis fulgens var. wilfordii Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(4): 576 (1862)

= Lychnis laciniata Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 11: 429 (1867), nom. illeg.

= Lychnis laciniata var. japonica Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 11: 429 (1867)

= Lychnis laciniata var. manshurica Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 11: 429 (1867)

= Lychnis wilfordii (Regel) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 17: 178 (1872)

species :

Silene williamsii Britton; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 2: 168 (1901)

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Yukon)

70 ASK CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene menziesii subsp. williamsii (Britton) Hultén; Fl. Alaska [Hultén] 443 (1968)

= Silene menziesii var. williamsii (Britton) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 646 (1966)

species :

Silene wolgensis (Hornem.) Otth; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 370 (1824)

Name: Wolga-Leimkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Serbia; Romania; Bulgaria; Belarus; European Russia; Moldova; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Turkmenistan; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; China (Xinjiang)

11 ger 13 BUL ROM SRB 14 BLR KRY MLD RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM 33 GEO NCS 36 CHI

Remarks: otites agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Cucubalus otites var. wolgensis (Hornem.) Willd. ex Trevir.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1818: 3 (1818)

= Cucubalus wolgensis Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow], Suppl. 24 (1814), nomen

= Otites orae-syvaschicae Klokov; Fl. URSR 4: 658 (1952)

= Otites wolgensis (Hornem.) Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim], ed. 2, 3: 255 (1945)

= Silene densiflora subsp. wolgensis (Hornem.) Slavnić; Fl. Srbije 2: 235 (1970)

= Silene densiflora var. wolgensis (Hornem.) Jordanov & Panov

= Silene orae-syvaschicae (Klokov) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 171 (1981)

= Silene otites subsp. wolgensis (Hornem.) Schmalh.; Fl. Sredn. Yuzhn. Rossii [Schmalhausen] 1: 143 (1895)

= Silene otites var. wolgensis (Hornem.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 201 (1868)

= Viscago wolgensis Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann], Suppl. 48 (1819)

species :

Silene wrightii A.Gray; Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 17 (1853)

Name: Wright´s catchfly

Distribution: USA (New Mexico)

77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium wrightii Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene 235 (1869)

species :

Silene yanoei Makino; Ill. Fl. Japan 1(2): 9: 1, t, 52 (1891)

Distribution: China (SE-Liaoning)

36 CHI

Remarks: Subgen. Melandrium

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium seoulense (Nakai) Nakai; Enum. Pl. Corea 145 (1922), et J. Jap. Bot. 13: 872 (1937)

= Melandrium seoulense var. ramosum Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 13: 872 (1937)

= Melandrium yanoei (Makino) Williams

= Silene seoulensis Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 26(1): 77, t. 7 (1909)

= Silene seoulensis var. angustata C.L.Tang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 24(5): 391 (1986)

= Silene seoulensis var. ramosa Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 13: 872 (1937)

species :

Silene yarmalii Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 16: 538 (1980)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul, Logar, Parwan)

34 AFG

variant :

var. gillii Melzh.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 163: 459 (1988)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul, Wardak, Takhar)

34 AFG

species :

Silene yemensis Deflers; Voyage Yemen 112 (1889)

Distribution: N-Ethiopia; Eritrea; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (W-Yemen)

24 ERI ETH 35 SAU YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Silene engleri Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 586 (1893)

species :

Silene yetii Bocquet; Candollea 22(1): 5 (1967)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis glandulosa Maxim.; Fl. Tangut. 83, t. 29, f. 1-6 (1889) (not Silene glandulosa Hampe ex Walp. (1842), nor Bertoloni (1884))

= Melandrium glandulosum (Maxim.) F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 34: 626 (1899)

species :

Silene yildirimlii Dinç; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 19(1): 20 (2012)

Distribution: Turkey (Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Silene yunnanensis Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 425-426 (1886)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Silene zawadzkii Herbich; Enum. Pl. Galic. Bucow. [Zawadzki] 191 (1835)

Distribution: Romania; W-Ukraine (E-Carpathians)

13 ROM 14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Elisanthe zawadzkii (Herbich) Fuss; Fl. Transsilv. 106 (1866)

= Elisanthe zawadzkii (Herbich) Klokov; Fl. URSR 4: 574 (1952) nom. illeg. superfl.

= Melandrium zawadzkii (Herbich) A.Br.; Flora 26: 387 (1843)

= Silenanthe zawadzkii (Herbich) Griseb. & Schenk; Arch. Naturgesch. (Berlin) 18(1): 300 (1852)

species :

Silene zayuensis L.H.Zhou; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 9: 60 (1980)

Distribution: Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Silene zhongbaensis (L.H.Zhou) C.Y.Wu & C.L.Tang; Flora Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 26: 314 (1996)

Distribution: SW-Tibet

36 TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium zhongbaense L.H.Zhou; Fl. Xizang. 1: 722, f. 229, 1-3 (1983)

species :

Silene zhoui C.Y.Wu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 26: 315 (1996), nom. nov.

Distribution: S-Tibet

36 TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium integripetalum L.H.Zhou; Fl. Xizang. 1: 715, f. 229, 7-9 (1983) (not Silene integripetala Bory & Chaubard (1832))

species :

Silene zuntoreica Zuev; Fl. Sibir. (Portulacac.-Ranunculac.) 6: 70 (1993)

Distribution: Siberia (Chita)

30 SIB

species :

Silene ×grecescui Gușul.; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 2: 665 (1953)

Distribution: Europe

Error

Remarks: Silene nutans x S. viridiflora

species :

Silene ×hampeana Meusel & Werner; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.], ed. 2, 3(2): 1136 (1979), nom. nov.

Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey); Serbia; Kosovo; Estonia [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Massachusetts [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], New Hampshire [I], New York [I], Vermont [I]); etc.

10 GRB IRE 11 AUT GER SWI 12 CIS FRA 13 KOS SRB 14 est 71 cdn 72 cdn 75 usa

Remarks: Silene dioica x S. latifolia ssp. alba

Synonyms: hidden

= Lychnis ×intermedia (Schur) Druce; Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 1907: 280 (1908)

= Melandrium ×dubium Hampe ex Garcke; Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland, ed. 8: 66 (1867)

= Melandrium vespertinum var. carneum Kindb.; Östgöta Fl. 185 (1861)

= Melandrium ×intermedium Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 108 (1866)

= Silene ×dubia (Hampe ex Garcke) Santa & Guin.; Fl. France [Guinochet & de Vilmorin] 1: 310 (1973), nom. illeg.

species :

Silene ×intermedia (Lange) Bocquet; Phanerog. Monogr. 1: 150 (1969)

Distribution: Europe

Error

Remarks: Silene uniflora x S. vulgaris

Synonyms: hidden

= Melandrium involucratum var. intermedia Lange; Meddel. Grønland 3: 241 (1887)

species :

Silene ×isabeliae P.P.Ferrer, Ferrando & E.Laguna; Fl. Montiber. 60: 104 (2015)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Silene diclinis x S. latifolia

species :

Silene ×montistellensis Ladero, Rivas Mart., A.Amor, M.T.Santos & M.T.Alonso; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 130(1): 72 (1999)

Distribution: Portugal

12 POR

Remarks: Silene acutifolia x foetida ssp. foetida

species :

Silene ×pseudotites Besser ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 819 (1832)

Name: Falsches Ohrlöffel-Leimkraut

Distribution: S-France; SE-Europe; Italy; European Russia; Moldova

12 FRA 13 ITA 14 MLD RUS

Remarks: Silene colpophylla x S. otites

Synonyms: hidden

= Otites ×pseudotites (Besser ex Rchb.) Klokov; Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 5(1): 25 (1948 publ. 1948)

= Silene otites proles pseudotites (Besser ex Rchb.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 141 (1896)

= Silene otites subsp. pseudotites (Besser ex Rchb.) Graebn. & P.Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(2): 196 (1921)

= Silene otites var. pseudotites (Besser ex Rchb.) Borbás; Budap. Körn. Növén. 148 (1879)

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.10 (Oct. 12th, 2025)

Covering 357,450 accepted species,
8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,
**in total 1,419,285* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Contact

How to Cite:

Realization

Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (38)

Genus (104)

Display options

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.10 (Oct. 12th, 2025)

Covering 357,450 accepted species,8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,in total 1,419,285* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 357,450 accepted species,
8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,
**in total 1,419,285* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]