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386.0000 Family Amaranthaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 87 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 185 genera, ca. 2300 spp. According to many modern authors and all PCR results Chenopodiaceae is only a subfamily or section of Amaranthaceae.
Species listed in database: 2306; hybrids: 76
= Achyranthaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 35 (1837)
= Atriplicaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 83 (1789)
= Betaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 591, 1091, 1142 (1835)
= Blitaceae Kuntze; Lex. Gen. Phan. [Post & Kuntze] 637, 710 (1903)
= Celosiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 117 (1820)
= Chenopodiaceae Vent.; Tabl. Règn. Vég. 2: 253 (1799), nom. cons., Family
= Deeringiaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 369 (1858)
= Dysphaniaceae Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 230 (1927), nom. cons.
= Gomphrenaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 38 (1837)
= Polycnemaceae Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 161 (1839)
= Salicorniaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 558 (1820)
= Salsolaceae Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 165 (1839)
= Spinaciaceae Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 166 (1839)
386.4301 Genus Spinacia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1027 (1753)
Distribution: Transcaucasia, Middle Asia, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan
Species listed in database: 2
species :
Spinacia oleracea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1027 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. oleracea
Name: Spinat (DE); Spinach (EN); Espinaca (ES)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (SE-Ireland [I]); Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Sardinia [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Montenegro [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]; Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I]); Siberia (Altai); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I]; Iran [I]; Afghanistan [I]; Lebanon [I]; Syria [I]; Saudi Arabia [I]; Yemen [I]; China [I]; Mongolia [I]; South Korea [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; India [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl. [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Vietnam [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I]); Guam [I]; USA [I] (California [I], Connecticut [I], Maine [I], Massachusetts [I], New Hampshire [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I]); Mexico [c]; Honduras [c]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Colombia [c]; Ecuador [I]
10 grb ire 11 ger hun slo 12 bal fra por sar spa 13 bul cro grc ita kri mnt sic slv 14 blr rus 20 alg lby mor tun 21 cny 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 kaz tkm tzk uzb 34 afg eai irn leb syr 35 sau yem 36 chi 37 mon 38 kor tai 40 ban ind pak 41 and lao ncb tha vie 42 jaw phi 50 aus 62 gum 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 hon 81 cay his 82 clm 83 ecu
Synonyms: hidden
= Chenopodium oleraceum (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, Abbild., 5: 186 (1901), nom. illeg.
= Spinacia domestica Borkh.; Rhein. Mag. Erweiter. Naturk. 1(Fl. Grafsch. Catzenelnbogen): 481 (1793)
= Spinacia glabra Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no 2 (1768)
= Spinacia inermis Moench; Methodus [Moench] 318 (1794) (nom. illeg.)
= Spinacia oleracea f. inermis (Moench) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl. 229 (1918)
= Spinacia oleracea f. spinosa (Moench) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl. 229 (1918)
= Spinacia oleracea subsp. glabra (Mill.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 188 (1913)
= Spinacia oleracea subsp. inermis (Moench) Celak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 151 (1871)
= Spinacia oleracea subsp. inermis (Moench) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg, 1. Aufl.: 639 (1834)
= Spinacia oleracea subsp. inermis Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 590 (1882)
= Spinacia oleracea subsp. orientalis Girenko; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 12: 107 (1988)
= Spinacia oleracea subsp. spinosa (Moench) Celak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 151 (1871)
= Spinacia oleracea subsp. spinosa (Moench) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg, 1. Aufl.: 639 (1834)
= Spinacia oleracea subsp. spinosa Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 590 (1882)
= Spinacia oleracea var. bullata Girenko; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 12: 107 (1988)
= Spinacia oleracea var. erfurtensis Alef.; Landw. Fl. 274 (1866)
= Spinacia oleracea var. gaudinii Alef.; Landw. Fl. 274 (1866)
= Spinacia oleracea var. glabra (Mill.) Gürke; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 2(1): 138 (1897)
= Spinacia oleracea var. heinemannii Alef.; Landw. Fl. 274 (1866)
= Spinacia oleracea var. helvetica Alef.; Landw. Fl. 273 (1866)
= Spinacia oleracea var. hyemalis Alef.; Landw. Fl. 274 (1866)
= Spinacia oleracea var. inermis (Moench) Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs. 238 (1838)
= Spinacia oleracea var. inermis (Moench) Schltdl.; Fl. Berol. [Schlechtendal] 1: 505 (1823)
= Spinacia oleracea var. kochii Alef.; Landw. Fl. 274 (1866)
= Spinacia oleracea var. laevis Nois.; Man. Compl. Jard. 2: 369 (1825)
= Spinacia oleracea var. moenchii Alef.; Landw. Fl. 274 (1866)
= Spinacia oleracea var. spinosa (Moench) Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs. 237 (1838)
= Spinacia oleracea var. spinosa (Moench) Schltdl.; Fl. Berol. [Schlechtendal] 1: 505 (1823)
= Spinacia oleracea var. subspontanea Girenko; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 12: 108 (1988)
= Spinacia sessiliflora Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 537 (1812)
= Spinacia spinosa Moench; Methodus [Moench] 318 (1794) (nom. illeg.)
subspecies :
subsp. turkestanica (Iljin) Del Guacchio & P.Caputo; Phytotaxa 558(3): 299 (2022)
Distribution: Belarus [I]; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Faryab, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Samangan, Takhar); Pakistan (Quetta, Baluchistan)
14 blr 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Spinacia tetrandra f. laevis Popov; Exsicc. (Fl. As. Med.): no. 230
= Spinacia tetrandra f. rugosa Popov; Exsicc. (Fl. As. Med.): no. 230
= Spinacia turkestanica f. laevis (Popov) Iljin; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 76 (1936)
= Spinacia turkestanica f. rugosa (Popov) Iljin; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 76 (1936)
= Spinacia turkestanica Iljin; Weeds U.S.S.R. [Keller et al.] 2: 133 (1934 publ. 1935)
= Spinacia turkestanica var. brevispina Iljin; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 2: 123 (1936)
species :
Spinacia tetrandra M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 417 (1808)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia); Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Jordania (W-Jordania)
33 ARM AZE NCS 34 IRN IRQ JOR SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Spinacia minor K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 311 (1843)
= Spinacia oleracea var. tetrandra (Steven ex M.Bieb.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 274 (1866)
= Spinacia tetrandra f. cyclostegia Bornm.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 8: 236 (1908)
= Spinacia tetrandra var. subspinosa Aellen; Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 48: 487 (1938)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life