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283.0000 Family Malvaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 271 (1789), nom. cons.
249 genera, ca. 5400 spp.
Species listed in database: 5575; hybrids: 40
= Berryaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xxxvii (2001), Family
= Bombacaceae Kunth; Malvac., Büttner., Tiliac. 5 (1822), nom. cons.
= Brownlowiaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Byttneriaceae R.Br.; Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 540 (1814), nom. cons.
= Chiranthodendraceae A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 303 (1887)
= Dombeyaceae Desf.; Tabl. Ecole Bot., ed. 3: 252 (1829), nom. cons.
= Durionaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Grewiaceae Doweld & Reveal; Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 71: 100 (2005)
= Helicteraceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858), Family
= Hermanniaceae Marquis; Esq. Règne Vég. 52 (1820)
= Hibiscaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 275 (1858)
= Lasiopetalaceae Rchb.; Mag. Aesth. Bot. 1(2): ad t. 37 (1823)
= Mansoniaceae A.Chev.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 38(1): 852 (1913)
= Melochiaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 271 (1858)
= Pentapetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Philippodendraceae A.Juss.; Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 9: 735 (1847)
= Plagianthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 272 (1858)
= Sidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Sparrmanniaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 260 (1858)
= Sterculiaceae Vent.; Parad. Lond. 2: ad t. 69 (1807), nom. cons.
= Theobromataceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858)
= Tiliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 289 (1789), nom. cons.
283.7505 Genus Spirotheca Ulbr.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 159 (1914)
Distribution: Panama to Peru and Brazil. Distinct from Ceiba fide Carvalho-Sobrino et al. (2016)
Species listed in database: 9
species :
Spirotheca awadendron Fern.Alonso; Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 25(95): 201 (2001)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Spirotheca codazziana Romero; Mutisia 26: 7 (1959)
Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Huila, Santander, Tolima)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Spirotheca trilobata Romero; Mutisia 26: 12 (1959)
species :
Spirotheca elegans Carv.-Sobr., M.Machado & L.P.Queiroz; Syst. Bot. 37(4): 978 (2012)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Spirotheca mahechae Fern.Alonso; Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 25(95): 203 (2001)
Distribution: Colombia (Santander)
82 CLM
species :
Spirotheca michaeli Cuatrec.; Phytologia 4: 467 (1954)
Distribution: Colombia (Cauca, Putumayo)
82 CLM
species :
Spirotheca rhodostyla Cuatrec.; Phytologia 4: 465 (1954)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Caldas, Cauca, Chocó, Huila, Nariño, Quindío, Risaralda, Tolima, Valle)
82 CLM
species :
Spirotheca rivieri (Decne.) Ulbr.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 162 (1914)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Santa Catarina)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceiba rivieri (Decne.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(3): 212 (1886)
= Eriodendron rivieri Decne.; Fl. Serres Jard. Eur., Sér. 2, 12: 167 (1877)
= Xylon rivieri (Decne.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 75 (1891)
variant :
var. passifloroides (Cuatrec.) P.E.Gibbs & W.S.Alverson; Brittonia 58(3): 251 (2006)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spirotheca passifloroides Cuatrec.; Phytologia 4: 466 (1954)
species :
Spirotheca rosea (Seem.) P.E.Gibbs & W.S.Alverson; Brittonia 58(3): 253 (2006)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó); Ecuador; Bolivia (La Paz)
82 CLM 83 BOL ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceiba allenii Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 359 (1942)
= Ceiba rosea (Seem.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(3): 205 (1886)
= Ceiba salmonea (Ulbr.) Bakh.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 6: 198 (1924)
= Chorisia rosea Seem.; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 3: 84 (1853)
= Spirotheca allenii (Woodson) Cuatrec.; Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 9: 167 (1954)
= Spirotheca rimbachii Cuatrec.; Phytologia 4: 467 (1954)
= Spirotheca salmonea Ulbr.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 160 (1914)
= Xylon roseum (Seem.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3[3]: 24 (1898)
species :
Spirotheca zapotillana Armijos, D.P.Gonzalez & Nole; PhytoKeys 265: 184 (2025)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life