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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35445; hybrids: 684
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.4769 Genus Stenocephalum Sch.Bip.; Jahresber. Pollichia 20-21: 385 (1863)
Distribution: Tropical America
Species listed in database: 7
species :
Stenocephalum apiculatum Sch.Bip.; Jahresber. Pollichia 20-21: 387 (1863)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar); Bolivia (La Paz); N-Brazil (Tocantins); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brazília Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay)
82 VEN 83 BOL 84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cacalia apiculata (Mart. ex DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 969 (1891)
= Cacalia monticola (Mart. ex DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 970 (1891)
= Stenocephalum monticola (Mart. ex DC.) Sch.Bip.; Jahresber. Pollichia 20-21: 386 (1863)
= Vernonia apiculata Mart. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 51 (1836)
= Vernonia monticola Mart. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 18 (1836)
= Vernonia nettoana Glaz.; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 3: 372 (1909), nom. inval.
species :
Stenocephalum hexanthum Sch.Bip.; Jahresber. Pollichia 20-21: 390 (1863)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Cordillera, Paraguari); Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones, Santa Fe)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cacalia hexantha (Sch.Bip. ex Baker) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 970 (1891)
= Vernonia hexantha Sch.Bip. ex Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(2): 26 (1873)
= Vernonia hexantha var. balansae Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 2: 298 (1902)
= Vernonia hexantha var. eleagnoides Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 2: 298 (1902)
= Vernonia hexantha var. nivea Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 639 (1903)
= Vernonia hexantha var. paraguariensis Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 2: 298 (1902)
= Vernonia megapotamica subsp. eriocephala Malme; Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., n. s. 32(5): 23 (1899)
= Vernonia megapotamica var. hexantha (Sch.Bip.) Cabrera; Darwiniana 6: 301 (1944)
species :
Stenocephalum hystrix (Chodat) H.Rob.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 100(3): 583 (1987)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); Paraguay (Amambay, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Cordillera, Misiones, Paraguari)
84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Vernonia hystrix Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 2: 298 (1902)
= Vernonia revoluta G.M.Barroso; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 13: 8 (1954), nom. illeg., non Buch.-Ham.
species :
Stenocephalum jucundum (Gleason) H.Rob.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 100(3): 583 (1987)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca); Guatemala; Colombia (Córdoba); Venezuela (Cojedes, Lara, Yaracuy, Zulia)
79 MEX 80 GUA 82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Vernonia jucunda Gleason; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46: 248 (1919)
= Vernonia llanorum V.M.Badillo; Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 10: 281 (1946)
= Vernonia spinulosa Gleason; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 52: 188 (1925)
species :
Stenocephalum megapotamicum (Spreng.) Sch.Bip.; Jahresber. Pollichia 20-21: 388 (1863)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brazília Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Guaira); Uruguay (Artigas, Cerro Largo, Lavalleja, Paysandu, Rivera, Rio Negro, Salto, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones, Santa Fe)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Cacalia megapotamica (Spreng.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 970 (1891)
= Stenocephalum brevifolium Sch.Bip.; Jahresber. Pollichia 20-21: 387 (1863)
= Stenocephalum melanotrichium (DC.) Sch.Bip.; Jahresber. Pollichia 20-21: 388 (1863)
= Stenocephalum penicillatum Sch.Bip.; Jahresber. Pollichia 20-21: 389 (1863)
= Vernonia carbonaria Sch.Bip. ex Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(2): 28 (1873)
= Vernonia megapotamica Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 437 (1826)
= Vernonia megapotamica var. argentina Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 22(4-5): 674 (1897)
= Vernonia megapotamica var. brevifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 51 (1836)
= Vernonia megapotamica var. melanotrichia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 51 (1836)
= Vernonia megapotamica var. penicillata (Sch.Bip.) Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(2): 28 (1873)
= Vernonia melanopappa Sch.Bip. ex Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(2): 28 (1873)
= Vernonia nigrescens Mart. ex Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(2): 28 (1873)
species :
Stenocephalum niveum (Chodat) Dematt.; Phytotaxa 438(1): 32 (2020)
Distribution: Paraguay
85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Vernonia abbatobiana Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 1: 410 (1901)
= Vernonia hexantha var. nivea (Chodat) Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 639 (1903)
= Vernonia nivea Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 1: 410 (1901)
species :
Stenocephalum tragiifolium (DC.) Sch.Bip.; Jahresber. Pollichia 20-21: 389 (1863)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cacalia interjecta (Baker) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 970 (1891)
= Cacalia tragiifolia (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 971 (1891)
= Vernonia interjecta Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(2): 28 (1873)
= Vernonia tragiifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 60 (1836)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life