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495.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6680; hybrids: 9
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 256 (1858)
495.6230 Genus Stephanotis Thouars; Gen. Nov. Madagasc. 11 (1806)
Distribution: Madagascar, trop. Asia to S-China
Species listed in database: 20
= Chlorochlamys Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 142 (1868 publ. 1869)
= Dregea E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. [Meyer] 199.1838, nom. cons.
= Isaura Comm. ex Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 3: 185 (1813)
= Pterophora Harv.; Gen. S. Afr. Pl. 223 (1838)
= Pterygocarpus Hochst.; Flora 26: 78 (1843)
= Traunia K.Schum.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 22 (1895), et in Engl. & Prantl. atürl. Pflanzenfam 4: 2 287 (1895)
= Wattakaka Hassk.; Flora 40: 99 (1857)
species :
Stephanotis abyssinica (Hochst.) S.Reuss, Liede & Meve; Taxon 71(4): 863 (2022)
Distribution: Senegal; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Benin; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
22 BEN BKN IVO MLI SEN 23 CAF CMN 24 ETH SSU SUD 26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Dregea abyssinica (Hochst.) Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 326 (1895), et in Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 293 (1895)
= Dregea africana (Decne.) Martelli; Fl. Bogos. 55 (1886)
= Hoya africana Decne.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 639 (1844)
= Marsdenia abyssinica (Hochst.) Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51: 143 (1913)
= Marsdenia abyssinica f. complicata Bullock; Kew Bull. [7]: 423 (1952)
= Marsdenia spissa S.Moore; J. Bot. 39: 260 (1901)
= Pterygocarpus abyssinicus Hochst.; Flora 26: 78 (1843)
species :
Stephanotis acuminata Brongn.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 7: 30 (1837)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Marsdenia acuminata (Brongn.) Choux; Cat. Pl. Madag., Asclep. 22 (1931), nom. illeg., non (Roxb.) I. M. Turner 1995
species :
Stephanotis arabica (Decne.) S.Reuss, Liede & Meve; Taxon 71(4): 863 (2022)
Distribution: Samha Isl.; Soqotra; Yemen
24 SOC 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Dregea arabica Decne.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 618 (1844)
= Marsdenia arabica (Decne.) Omlor; Gen. Revis. Marsdenieae (Asclepiadac.): 79 (1998)
= Marsdenia robusta Balf.f.; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 79 (1884)
species :
Stephanotis brevisquama (Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier) S.Reuss, Liede & Meve; Taxon 71(4): 863 (2022)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Marsdenia brevisquama Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille, Sér. 2, 6: 235 (1908)
species :
Stephanotis crinita (Oliv.) S.Reuss, Liede & Meve; Taxon 71(4): 863 (2022)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Sierra Leone; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Gabon; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; etc.
22 BEN GHA GNB IVO NGA SEN SIE 23 GAB ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Marsdenia crinita Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 20: t. 1993 (1891)
= Dregea crinita (Oliv.) Bullock; Kew Bull. [11]: 519 (1956 publ. 1957)
species :
Stephanotis cuneifolia (Tsiang & P.T.Li) Rodda; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 52(1): 18 (2024)
Distribution: China (N-Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Dregea cuneifolia Tsiang & P.T.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 127 (1974)
species :
Stephanotis ernstmeyeri S.Reuss, Liede & Meve; Taxon 71(4): 863 (2022), nom. nov.
Distribution: Mozambique; South Africa (E-Cape Prov.); ?Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Dregea floribunda E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. [Meyer] 199 (1838)
= Marsdenia dregea (Harv.) Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51: 143 (1913)
= Marsdenia floribunda (E.Mey.) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 422 (1903), nom. illeg.
= Pterophora dregea Harv.; Gen. S. Afr. Pl. 223 (1838)
= Pterygocarpus floribundus (E.Mey.) Stuntz; Invent. Seeds U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. No. 32: 39 (1914)
species :
Stephanotis faulknerae (Bullock) S.Reuss, Liede & Meve; Taxon 71(4): 863 (2022)
Distribution: SE-Kenya; NE-Tanzania; C-Mozambique
25 KEN TAN 26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Marsdenia faulknerae (Bullock) Omlor; Gen. Revis. Marsdenieae (Asclepiadac.): 79 (1998)
= Dregea faulknerae Bullock; Kew Bull. [11]: 520 (1956 publ. 1957)
species :
Stephanotis floribunda Brongn.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 7: 30 (1837)
Name: Madagascar Jasmine, Estefanotis
Distribution: Madagascar; Taiwan [I]; India [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar (widespread [I]); Java [I]; New Caledonia [c]; Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (widespread, incl. Rarotonga [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Raiatea [I]); Honduras [I]; Panama [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I]); Trinidad & Tobago [I]
29 MDG 38 tai 40 ban ind 41 MYA 42 jaw 60 fij nue nwc 61 coo sci 80 hon pan 81 cub his jam trt vir
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias odoratissima Brongn.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 7: 30 (1837)
= Ceropegia stephanotis Poir. ex Decne.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 621 (1844)
= Ceropegia stephanotis Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 4 (1820), nom. superfl.
= Isaura alliacea Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 824 (1841), pro syn.
= Isaura allicia Comm. ex Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 3: 185 (1813)
= Marsdenia floribunda (Jacques) Schltr.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1: 275 (1899)
= Marsdenia isaura Choux; Cat. Pl. Madag., Asclep. 23 (1931), nom. superfl.
= Stephanotis isaura Decne.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 620 (1844)
species :
Stephanotis grandiflora Decne.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 620 (1844)
Distribution: Ivory Coast [I]; Madagascar
22 ivo 29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Dramsenia grandiflora (Norman) W.Bull ex Aké Assi; (nom. inval., genus illeg.)
= Marsdenia grandiflora (Decne.) Choux; Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille, Sér. 4, 1(2): 44 (1923)
species :
Stephanotis macrantha (Klotzsch) S.Reuss, Liede & Meve; Taxon 71(4): 863 (2022)
Distribution: Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; N-Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Soutpansberg)
26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Dregea macrantha Klotzsch.; Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 272 (1861)
= Marsdenia macrantha (Klotzsch) Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51: 143 (1913)
= Marsdenia zambesiaca Schltr.; J. Bot. 33: 339 (1895)
= Periploca petersiana Vatke; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 26: 147 (1876)
species :
Stephanotis nana P.T.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 3(1): 104 (1983), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Marsdenia stenantha Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1003 (1936)
= Stephanotis yunnanensis H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 14 (1915), not Marsdenia yunnanensis (H. Lév.) Woodson (1934)
species :
Stephanotis rubicunda (K.Schum.) S.Reuss, Liede & Meve; Taxon 71(4): 864 (2022)
Distribution: Cameroon; Central African Republic; S-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola
23 CAF CMN 24 CHA ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Marsdenia rubicunda (K.Schum.) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 421 (1903)
= Dregea rubicunda K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 147 (1893)
species :
Stephanotis schimperi (Decne.) S.Reuss, Liede & Meve; Taxon 71(4): 864 (2022)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Yemen (W-Yemen, Aden Desert)
22 NGA 23 CMN 24 ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynanchum schimperi Hochst.; Flora 24(1. Intell.): 25 (1841)
= Dregea schimperi (Decne.) Bullock; Kew Bull. [11]: 518 (1957)
= Gymnema macrocarpum A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 43 (1850)
= Marsdenia schimperi Decne.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 616 (1844)
= Traunia albiflora K.Schum.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 23 (1895)
species :
Stephanotis sinensis (Hemsl.) comb.ined.
Distribution: China (Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Dregea sinensis Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 115 (1889)
= Marsdenia yaungpienensis Tsiang & P.T.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12(1): 116 (1974)
= Wattakaka sinensis (Hemsl.) Stapf; Bot. Mag. t. 8976 (1923)
variant :
var. corrugata (C.K.Schneid.) comb.ined.
Distribution: China (Gansu, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Dregea corrugata C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 3: 353 (1916)
= Dregea sinensis var. corrugata (Schneid.) Tsiang & P.T.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12(1): 129 (1974)
= Wattakaka corrugata (C.K.Schneid.) Stapf; Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8976 (1923)
= Wattakaka sinensis var. corrugata (C.K.Schneid.) Tsiang; Sunyatsenia 6: 152 (1941)
species :
Stephanotis stellaris (Ridl.) Rodda; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 52(1): 18 (2024)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Fraser´s Hill, Pahang, and Gunung Mengkuang Lebah, Selangor)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Dittoceras stellaris (Ridl.) Bullock; Kew Bull. [11]: 513 (1956 publ. 1957)
= Dregea stellaris (Ridl.) Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 387 (1923)
= Marsdenia stellaris Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 5: 40 (1914)
species :
Stephanotis stelostigma (K.Schum.) S.Reuss, Liede & Meve; Taxon 71(4): 864 (2022)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Dregea stelostigma (K.Schum.) Bullock; Kew Bull. [11]: 516 (1956 publ. 1957)
= Marsdenia stefaninii Chiov.; Ric. Idrogeol. Bot. Entomol. Somalia Ital. Merid. [Stefanini & Paoli] 1: 1: 116 (1916)
= Marsdenia stelostigma K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 330 (1903)
= Stigmatorhynchus stelostigma (K.Schum.) Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51: 141 (1913)
species :
Stephanotis taynguyenensis (T.B.Tran & Rodda) Rodda; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 52(1): 18 (2024)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Dregea taynguyenensis T.B.Tran & Rodda; Phytotaxa 333(2): 267-273 (2018)
species :
Stephanotis thouarsii Brongn.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 7: 30 (1837)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Marsdenia thouarsii (Brongn.) Choux; Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille, Sér. 4, 1(2): 46 (1923)
species :
Stephanotis volubilis (L.f.) S.Reuss, Liede & Meve; Taxon 71(4): 864 (2022)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan); Taiwan; Pakistan (Hazara, Pakistani Punjab, Kotli); Nepal; Bhutan; India (almost throughout); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobar Isl., Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (widespread); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sulawesi; Philippines (Batan, Camiguin de Babuyanes, Luzon); Java
36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 JAW MLY PHI SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Ampelamus volubilis (L.f.) Dugand; Caldasia 9: 404 (1966)
= Apocynum tiliifolium Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 214 (1783)
= Asclepias viridiflora (Ker Gawl.) Roxb. ex Decne.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 573 (1844)
= Asclepias volubilis L.f.; Suppl, Pl. 170 (1781)
= Chlorochlamys celebica Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 142 (1868 publ. 1869)
= Cynanchum viridiflorum Ker Gawl. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 852 (1824), nom. illeg.
= Dregea angustifolia (Hook.f.) Santapau & Irani; Bot. Mem. Univ. Bombay 4: 41 (1962)
= Dregea formosana T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 43: 219 (1968)
= Dregea lanceolata (T.Cooke) Santapau & Wagh; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 106 (1964)
= Dregea pubescens (Miq.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. [Boerlage] 2: 438 (1899)
= Dregea viridiflora Fern.-Vill.; Fl. Filip. [Blanco], ed. 3, Nov. App. 4(13A): 134 (1880), nom. superfl.
= Dregea volubilis (L.f.) Benth. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 46 (1883)
= Dregea volubilis var. angustifolia Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 47 (1883)
= Dregea volubilis var. glabra Costantin; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 4: 116 (1912)
= Dregea volubilis var. lacuna (Buch.-Ham. ex Wight) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 47 (1883)
= Dregea volubilis var. viridiflora (Hassk.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 419 (1891)
= Enslenia volubilis (L.f.) H.Karst.; Fl. Columb. [Karsten] 2: 117, t. 162 (1865)
= Gonolobus volubilis (L.f.) Vail; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 428 (1899)
= Hoya carnosa var. formosana (T.Yamaz.) S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 6: 400 (1998)
= Hoya formosana T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 43: 223 (1968)
= Hoya lacuna Buch.-Ham. ex Wight; Contr. Bot. India [Wight] 39 (1834)
= Hoya viridiflora R.Br.; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 26 (1809)
= Hoya volubilis (L.f.) Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 39 (1854)
= Marsdenia celebica (Miq.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. [Boerlage] 2: 438 (1899)
= Marsdenia lanceolata T.Cooke; Fl. Bombay 2: 167 (1904)
= Marsdenia volubilis (L.f.) T.Cooke; Fl. Bombay 2: 166 (1904)
= Marsdenia volubilis var. angustifolia (Hook.f.) Blatt. & McCann; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 36: 532 (1933)
= Marsdenia volubilis var. lacuna (Buch.-Ham. ex Wight) V.S.Kumar & Karthik.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 45(1-4): 18 (2021)
= Nematuris volubilis (L.f.) Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21(1): 254 (1848)
= Schollia volubilis (L.f.) Jacq. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 414, 746 (1821), nom. inval.
= Tylophora macrantha Hance; J. Bot. 20: 79 (1882)
= Wattakaka angustifolia (Hook.f.) S.D.Deshp.; Fl. Mahabaleshwar 1: 369 (1993)
= Wattakaka lanceolata (T.Cooke) A.P.Jagtap & N.P.Singh; Kew Bull. 46(2): 359 (1991), isonym
= Wattakaka lanceolata (T.Cooke) Kerr; Fl. Siam 3: 1. 34 (1951)
= Wattakaka pubescens Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 496 (1856)
= Wattakaka viridiflora Hassk.; Flora 40: 99 (1857), nom. superfl.
= Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.) Stapf; Bot. Mag. sub t. 8976 (1923)
= Wattakaka volubilis var. glabra (Costantin) Tsiang; Sunyatsenia 2: 202 (1934)
= Wattakaka volubilis var. lacuna (Ham. ex Wight) M.A.Rahman & Wilcock; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 13(1): 183 (1989)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life