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458.0000 Family Caprifoliaceae Adans.; Fam. Pl. 2: 153 (1763), nom. cons.
32-37 genera, ca. 1100 spp. Phylogeny see Lee et al. 2021, Wang et al. 2025
Species listed in database: 1083; hybrids: 34
= Diervillaceae Pyck; Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Dipsacaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 194 (1789), nom. cons.
= Linnaeaceae Backlund; Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Loniceraceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024), nom. illeg.
= Loniceraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 272, 296 (1818)
= Loniceropsida Brongn.; Enum. Pl. Mus. Paris: xvii, 47 (1843)
= Morinaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 88 (1820)
= Scabiosaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 563 (1820)
= Triplostegiaceae A.E.Bobrov ex Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 269 (1965)
= Valerianaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 227 (1802) nom. cons.
458.6702 Genus Succisa Haller; Hist. Stirp. Helv. 1: 87 (1768)
Distribution: Europe to Asia, Mediterranean (2), Cameroon (1)
Species listed in database: 3
species :
Succisa pinnatifida Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 2: 63 (1861)
Distribution: Portugal; NW-Spain
12 POR SPA
species :
Succisa pratensis Moench; Methodus [Moench] 489 (1794)
Name: Gewöhnlicher Teufelsabbiss (DE), Devilsbit (EN)
Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., St. Kilda Isl.); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. (Jersey); Italy; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; ?North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; Ukraine; Algeria; Tunisia; Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Canada [I] (Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], Rhode Island [I])
10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG TUN 21 MDR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 GEO NCS 34 TUR 72 cdn 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus succisa (L.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 52 (1822)
= Asterocephalus succisa var. glabratus (Schott) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 52 (1822)
= Asterocephalus succisa var. hirsutus Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 52 (1822), nom. inval.
= Asterocephalus tomentosus Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 381 (1824)
= Lepicephalus succisa (L.) Eichw.; Naturhist. Skizze Lithauen Volhynien Podolien [Eichwald] 151 (1830)
= Scabiosa borealis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 54 (1796)
= Scabiosa glabrata Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz [Hegetschweiler] 121 (1838), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa glabrata Schott; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 61 (1818)
= Scabiosa hirsuta Mazziari; Ionios Anthologia 3: 691 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa praemorsa Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 168 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Scabiosa pratensis var. glabrata (Schott) Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs. 119 (1838)
= Scabiosa prolifera Mazziari; Ionios Anthologia 3: 691 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa succisa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 98 (1753)
= Scabiosa succisa subsp. glabrata (Schott) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg, 1. Aufl.: 96 (1834)
= Scabiosa succisa var. arenaria Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 115 (1903)
= Scabiosa succisa var. gigantea Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 215 (1932)
= Scabiosa succisa var. glabra Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 58 (1788), nom. inval., et 163 (1789)
= Scabiosa succisa var. glabrata (Schott) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 661 (1830)
= Scabiosa succisa var. grandifolia Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 115 (1903)
= Scabiosa succisa var. hirsuta Roth; Enum. Pl. Phan. Germ. 1(1): 423 (1827), nom. inval.
= Scabiosa succisa var. incisa Roth; Enum. Pl. Phan. Germ. 1(1): 424 (1827)
= Scabiosa succisa var. latifolia Rouy & E.G.Camus; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 115 (1903)
= Scabiosa succisa var. nemorosa Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 1: 110 (1827)
= Scabiosa succisa var. oblongifolia Rouy & E.G.Camus; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 115 (1903)
= Scabiosa succisa var. ovalis Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 115 (1903)
= Scabiosa succisa var. pratensis Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 1: 110 (1827)
= Scabiosa succisa var. prolifera Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 58 (1788), nom. inval., et 163 (1789)
= Scabiosa succisa var. rosea H.Mart.; Prodr. Fl. Mosq., Ed. Alt. 26 (1817)
= Scabiosa succisa var. serrata Rouy & E.G.Camus; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 115 (1903)
= Scabiosa succisa var. silvestris Rouy & E.G.Camus; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 115 (1903)
= Succisa altissima Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 297 (1866)
= Succisa angustula Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 49 (1868)
= Succisa aurigerana Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 51 (1868)
= Succisa beugesiaca Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 51 (1868)
= Succisa brevis Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 49 (1868)
= Succisa cagiriensis Jeanb. & Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse 3: 580 (1875 publ. 1876)
= Succisa cuspidata Jord.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 54 (1868)
= Succisa dentata Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 54 (1868)
= Succisa elliptica Jeanb. & Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse 3: 579 (1875 publ. 1876)
= Succisa fuchsii Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 476 (1821)
= Succisa fuscescens Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 48 (1868)
= Succisa gigantea Jeanb. & Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse 3: 579 (1875 publ. 1876)
= Succisa glabrata (Schott) Fiek; Fl. Schlesien [Fiek] 206 (1881), nom. inval.
= Succisa glabrata (Schott) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 204 (1826)
= Succisa glabrata Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 54 (1868), nom. illeg.
= Succisa gracilescens Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 50 (1868)
= Succisa incisa Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 51 (1868)
= Succisa laetevirens Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 53 (1868)
= Succisa microcephala Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 56 (1868)
= Succisa palustris Sass; Phaner. Fl. Oesels 57 (1860)
= Succisa parvula Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 56 (1868)
= Succisa platyphylla Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 48 (1868)
= Succisa praemorsa Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1: 285 (1860)
= Succisa praemorsa var. hansmanni Bolle; 20 (1865)
= Succisa praemorsa var. nana Bolle; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 7: 21 (1865)
= Succisa pratensis f. albiflora Vain.; 48 (1897), nom. inval.
= Succisa pratensis f. knautiifrons (Murr) Hayek; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6: 288 (1914)
= Succisa pratensis f. pinnatifida Hazsl.; Magyar. Edén. Növén. 310 (1872)
= Succisa pratensis subsp. hirsuta (Opiz) Chrtek; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 152: 100 (1983)
= Succisa pratensis subsp. knautiifrons (Murr) Murr; Neue Übers. Bl.-Pfl. Vorarlberg Liechtenstein 3(1): 301 (1924)
= Succisa pratensis subsp. scotiaca (Baksay) Chrtek; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 152(2): 100 (1983)
= Succisa pratensis var. arenaria (Rouy) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 4: 530 (2006)
= Succisa pratensis var. boccae Briq. & Cavill.; Fl. Alpes Marit. 5(2): 256 (1915)
= Succisa pratensis var. dentata Hausm.; Fl. Tirol [Hausmann] 2: 1062 (1852)
= Succisa pratensis var. glabrata (Schott) Ortmann; Elbogn. Kreis Königr. Böhm. [Glückselig] 86 (1842)
= Succisa pratensis var. glabrata (Schott) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 196 (1831)
= Succisa pratensis var. grandifolia (Rouy) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 530 (2006)
= Succisa pratensis var. hirsuta Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 12: 22 (1850)
= Succisa pratensis var. hispidula Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs. 119 (1838)
= Succisa pratensis var. knautiifrons Murr; 200 (1906)
= Succisa pratensis var. minor Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 14: 56 (1916)
= Succisa pratensis var. ovalis (Rouy) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 530 (2006)
= Succisa pratensis var. pinnatifida Hausm.; Fl. Tirol [Hausmann] 3: 1439 (1854)
= Succisa pratensis var. subacaulis (Bernardin) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 530 (2006)
= Succisa pratensis var. vestita Sennen; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 32: 109 (1932)
= Succisa prativaga Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 52 (1868)
= Succisa procera Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 42 (1868)
= Succisa propera Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 55 (1868)
= Succisa pyrenaica Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 55 (1868)
= Succisa rhodanensis Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 53 (1868)
= Succisa sabauda Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 50 (1868)
= Succisa stricta Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 52 (1868)
= Succisa subacaulis Bernardin; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 5, 2: 301 (1872)
= Succisa succisa (L.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. [Karsten] 1053 (1883), nom. inval.
= Succisa sylvatica J.Becker; Fl. Frankfurt 1: 506 (1827), nom. illeg.
= Succisa sylvatica Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 59 (1868)
= Succisa tardans Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 54 (1868)
= Succisa viretorum Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 49 (1868)
= Succisa vogesiaca Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 55 (1868)
= Succisa vulgaris J.Presl & C.Presl; Fl. Cech. 31 (1819)
species :
Succisa trichotocephala Baksay; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung., n. s. 2: 249 (1952)
Distribution: Cameroon
23 CMN
Conservation Status: IUCN EN (Cameroon)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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