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458.0000 Family Caprifoliaceae Adans.; Fam. Pl. 2: 153 (1763), nom. cons.
32-37 genera, ca. 1100 spp. Phylogeny see Lee et al. 2021, Wang et al. 2025
Species listed in database: 1083; hybrids: 34
= Diervillaceae Pyck; Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Dipsacaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 194 (1789), nom. cons.
= Linnaeaceae Backlund; Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Loniceraceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024), nom. illeg.
= Loniceraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 272, 296 (1818)
= Loniceropsida Brongn.; Enum. Pl. Mus. Paris: xvii, 47 (1843)
= Morinaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 88 (1820)
= Scabiosaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 563 (1820)
= Triplostegiaceae A.E.Bobrov ex Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 269 (1965)
= Valerianaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 227 (1802) nom. cons.
458.2002 Genus Symphoricarpos Dill. ex Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 211 (1789)
Distribution: North America, Guatemala; central China (1)
Species listed in database: 15; hybrids: 1
= Anisanthus Willd. ex Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: xiv (1819)
= Descliaea Moc. & Sessé ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 483 (1830)
= Margaris DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 483 (1830)
= Symphoria Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 214 (1805)
= Symphoricarpa Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 129 (1790), opus utique oppr.
species :
Symphoricarpos acutus (A.Gray) Howell; Fl. N.W. Amer. [Howell] 281 (1900)
Name: Sharpleaf snowberry
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos mollis var. acutus A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 14 (1884)
= Symphoricarpos rotundifolius var. acutus (A.Gray) Frye & Rigg; Northw. Fl. 366 (1912)
species :
Symphoricarpos albus (L.) K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 48 (1872)
Name: Snowberry (EN), Weiße Schneebeere (DE)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I], Orkney Isl. [I], Shetland Isl. [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I] (Jersey [I]); San Marino [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Kazakhstan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; New Zealand [I]; Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Colorado, Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Argentina [I]
10 den fin grb ire nor swe 11 aut bgm cze ger hun lie slo swi 12 cis fra por spa 13 bih cro sma 14 blr est lat lit rus 32 kaz tzk uzb 51 nzl 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 85 arg
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoria albus (L.) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 21 (1836)
= Symphoria elongata (C.Presl ex DC.) Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 3 (1841)
= Symphoria glauca Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 142 (1877)
= Symphoria heterophylla Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 21 (1836)
= Symphoria leucocarpa DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 339 (1830)
= Symphoria macrocarpa Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 142 (1877)
= Symphoria racemosa (Michx.) Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 162 (1813)
= Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F.Blake; Rhodora 16: 118 (1914), isonym
= Symphoricarpos albus f. ovatus (Späth) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 609 (1949)
= Symphoricarpos albus var. ovatus (Späth) Rehder; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 6: 3293 (1917)
= Symphoricarpos albus var. pauciflorus (J.W.Robbins) S.F.Blake; Rhodora 16: 119 (1914)
= Symphoricarpos albus var. pauciflorus (W.J.Rob. ex A.Gray) S.F.Blake
= Symphoricarpos elongatus C.Presl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 339 (1830)
= Symphoricarpos heterophyllus C.Presl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 339 (1830)
= Symphoricarpos humilis Borkh.; 1683 (1803), nom. illeg.
= Symphoricarpos leucocarpus K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 49 (1872)
= Symphoricarpos leucocarpus M´Mahon; Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 67: 14 (1928)
= Symphoricarpos ovatus Späth; Nursery Cat. (Späth) 130: 130 (1908)
= Symphoricarpos pauciflorus (J.W.Robbins) Britton; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 105 (1894)
= Symphoricarpos pauciflorus Howell; Fl. N.W. Amer. [Howell] 281 (1900), nom. illeg.
= Symphoricarpos racemosus Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 107 (1803)
= Symphoricarpos racemosus var. pauciflorus J.W.Robbins; Manual [A.Gray], ed. 5: 203 (1867)
= Vaccinium album L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 350 (1753)
= Vitis-idaea alba (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 47 (1794)
= Xylosteon album (L.) Moldenke; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 5: 3 (1936 publ. 1937)
variant :
var. laevigatus (Fernald) S.F.Blake; Rhodora 16: 119 (1914)
Distribution: Belarus [I]; Siberia [I] (W-Siberia [I]); Alaska; Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Isl.); USA (California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming)
14 blr 30 sib 70 ASK 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Caprifolium puniceum (G.Don) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 274 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Symphoria punicea G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 80 (1830)
= Symphoricarpos albus f. laevigatus (Fernald) G.N.Jones; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 5: 236 (1936)
= Symphoricarpos albus f. variegatus (G.N.Jones) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 659 (1949), nom. inval.
= Symphoricarpos albus subsp. laevigatus (Fernald) Hultén; Ark. Bot., a. s. 7(1): 126 (1968)
= Symphoricarpos albus subsp. laevigatus (Fernald) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland (2006), isonym
= Symphoricarpos puniceus (G.Don) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 654 (1841)
= Symphoricarpos racemosus var. laevigatus Fernald; Rhodora 7: 167 (1905)
= Symphoricarpos racemosus var. trilobus Durand; Pl. Pratten. Calif. [Durand] 89 (1855)
= Symphoricarpos racemosus var. variegatus G.N.Jones; J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 214 (1940), no Latin descr.
= Symphoricarpos rivularis Suksd.; Werdenda 1: 41 (1927)
= Xylosteon puniceum (G.Don) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 21 (1838)
species :
Symphoricarpos guadalupensis Correll; Wrightia 4: 28 (1968)
Name: McKittrick´s snowberry
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
species :
Symphoricarpos guatemalensis J.K.Williams; Sida 16(2): 273 (1994)
Distribution: Guatemala
80 GUA
species :
Symphoricarpos hesperius G.N.Jones; J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 220 (1940)
Name: Trailing snowberry
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington State)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos mollis subsp. hesperius (G.N.Jones) Abrams ex Ferris; Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: [99] (1958)
= Symphoricarpos mollis var. hesperius (G.N.Jones) Cronquist; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L. Hitchcock et al.] 4: 465 (1959)
species :
Symphoricarpos longiflorus A.Gray; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 12 (1873)
Name: Desert snowberry
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos fragrans A.Nelson & P.B.Kenn.; Muhlenbergia 3: 143 (1908)
species :
Symphoricarpos microphyllus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.) Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 424 (1820)
Name: Pink snowberry
Distribution: USA (New Mexico); Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Honduras
77 USA 79 MEX 80 GUA HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisanthus microphyllus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 223 (1819)
= Descliaea leucocarpa Moc. & Sessé ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 483 (1830), pro syn.
= Descliaea margaritaria Moc. & Sessé ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 483 (1830), pro syn.
= Margaris barbigera DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 483 (1830)
= Margaris nudiflora DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 483 (1830)
= Symphoria glaucescens (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 757 (1824)
= Symphoria microphylla (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 757 (1824)
= Symphoria montana (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 757 (1824)
= Symphoricarpos glaucescens Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 424, t. 295 (1818)
= Symphoricarpos mexicanus K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 50 (1872)
= Symphoricarpos montanus Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 425, t. 296 (1818)
= Symphoricarpos toluccensis K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 49, 50 (1872)
species :
Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 4 (1841)
Name: Creeping snowberry
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos acutus Howell; Fl. N.W. Amer. [Howell] 281 (1900), nom. illeg.
= Symphoricarpos albus var. mollis (Nutt.) D.D.Keck; Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 25: 72 (1926)
= Symphoricarpos ciliatus Nutt.; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 4 (1841)
species :
Symphoricarpos occidentalis (R.Br.) Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 1: 285 (1833)
Name: Western snowberry
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northern Territories, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Colorado, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming)
70 CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoria occidentalis R.Br.; Narr. Journey Polar Sea [Franklin] 733 (1823)
= Symphoricarpos heyeri (Dieck) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 281 (1889)
= Symphoricarpos occidentalis var. heyeri Dieck; Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 44: 562 (1888)
= Symphoricarpos occidentalis var. quercifolia A.Nelson; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt., ed. 2: 470 (1909)
species :
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench; Methodus [Moench] 503 (1794)
Name: Coralberry (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Scotland [I]); Croatia [I]; Tajikistan [I]; New Zealand [I]; Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia); Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Coahuila)
10 grb 13 cro 32 tzk 51 nzl 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Lonicera symphoricarpos L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 175 (1753)
= Symphoria conglomerata Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 214 (1805)
= Symphoria glomerata Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 162 (1813)
= Symphoria parviflora H.Buek; Index ad Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 386 (1843)
= Symphoria rubra Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 21 (1838)
= Symphoria vulgaris D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 783 (1839)
= Symphoricarpos conglomeratus Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 214 (1805)
= Symphoricarpos erythrocarpus K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 98 (1872)
= Symphoricarpos glomeratus K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 48 (1872)
= Symphoricarpos imberbis Tausch; Flora 21: 734 (1838)
= Symphoricarpos orbiculatus f. aureoreticulatus Zabel; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 445 (1903)
= Symphoricarpos orbiculatus f. leucocarpus (D.M.Andrews) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 277 (1940)
= Symphoricarpos orbiculatus f. variegatus (Cowell) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 610 (1949)
= Symphoricarpos orbiculatus var. spicatus (Engelm.) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 669 (1911)
= Symphoricarpos orbiculatus var. variegatus (Cowell) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 669 (1911)
= Symphoricarpos parviflorus Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult. 2: 573 (1801), nom. superfl.
= Symphoricarpos spicatus Engelm. ex A.Gray; Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 215 (1850)
= Symphoricarpos symphoricarpos MacMill.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 15 (1892), nom. inval.
= Symphoricarpos symphoricarpos var. variegatus (Cowell) Nash; J. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 76 (1920), nom. inval.
= Symphoricarpos vulgaris Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 106 (1803)
= Symphoricarpos vulgaris var. glomerata Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 143 (1877)
= Symphoricarpos vulgaris var. leucocarpus D.M.Andrews; Nursery Cat. (Rockmount Nursery) 1926: 11 (1926)
= Symphoricarpos vulgaris var. spicatus (Engelm.) A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 13 (1884)
= Symphoricarpos vulgaris var. variegatus J.F.Cowell ex L.H.Bailey; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 4: 1758 (1902)
species :
Symphoricarpos oreophilus A.Gray; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 12 (1873)
Name: Mountain snowberry
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Sonora)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos rotundifolius var. oreophilus (A.Gray) M.E.Jones; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 5: 690 (1895)
variant :
var. utahensis (Rydb.) A.Nelson; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt. 471 (1909)
Name: Utah snowberry
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos utahensis Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 544 (1899)
= Symphoricarpos vaccinoides Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 371 (1900)
species :
Symphoricarpos palmeri G.N.Jones; J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 243 (1940)
Name: Palmer´s snowberry
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora)
73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
species :
Symphoricarpos parishii Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 545 (1899)
Name: Parish´s snowberry
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos oreophilus var. parishii (Rydb.) Cronquist; Intermount. Fl. [Cronquist et al.] 4: 539 (1984)
= Symphoricarpos rotundifolius var. parishii (Rydb.) Dempster; Madroño 39(1): 78 (1992)
species :
Symphoricarpos rotundifolius A.Gray; Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6) (Pl. Wright. 2): 66 (1853)
Name: Roundleaf snowberry
Distribution: USA (Colorado, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora)
73 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Symphoricarpos austiniae Eastw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 499 (1903)
= Symphoricarpos glabratus Eastw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 499 (1903)
= Symphoricarpos glaucus Eastw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 497 (1903)
= Symphoricarpos montanus A.Gray; Amer. J. Sci. Arts, Ser. 2, 34: 249 (1862), nom. illeg.
= Symphoricarpos montanus S.Watson; Botany (Fortieth Parallel) 132 (1871), nom. illeg.
= Symphoricarpos parvifolius Eastw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 498 (1903)
= Symphoricarpos rotundifolius var. vaccinioides (Rydb.) A.Nelson; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt., ed. 2: 471 (1909)
= Symphoricarpos tetonensis A.Nelson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 246 (1904)
= Symphoricarpos vaccinioides Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 371 (1900)
species :
Symphoricarpos sinensis Rehder; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 1(1): 117-118 (1911)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Guangxi, W-Hubei, Shaanxi, E-Sichuan, N-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Symphoricarpos ×chenaultii Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 2: 179 (1921)
Name: Bastard-Korallenbeere (DE), Hybrid Coralberry (EN)
Distribution: of horticultural origin; England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I]); Germany [I]; etc.
10 grb ire 11 ger
Remarks: Symphoricarpos microphyllus x orbiculatus
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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