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498.0000 Family Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 62 (1809), nom. cons.
26 genera, ca. 740 spp. Systematics according to Wallander & Albert (1999)
Species listed in database: 753; hybrids: 8
= Bolivariaceae Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 20 (1839)
= Forestieraceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 345, Comm. 257 (1842)
= Fraxinaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 269, 288 (1818)
= Jasminaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 104 (1789)
= Ligustraceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 254 (1836)
= Nyctanthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 284 (1858)
= Schreberaceae Schnizl.; Iconogr. Fam. Regn. Veg. 2: ad t. 151x (1857-1870)
= Syringaceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 115 (1847)
498.0511 Genus Syringa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 9 (1753)
Distribution: Eurasia from Southeast Europe (relictual) to E-Asia. The species delimitation especially in China is highly disputed.
Species listed in database: 13
= Busbeckia Hécart; Bosquets Agrem. 94 (1808), nom. inval.
= Ligustrina Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 11: 55 (1859)
= Lilac Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: s. p. (1754)
= Liliacum Renault; Fl. Orne 100 (1800)
species :
Syringa emodi Wall. ex Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 267, t. 65, f. 2 (1835)
Distribution: Tibet; Pakistan (Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Hazara); Nepal; N-India (Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Uttarakhand)
36 TIB 40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Syringa bretschneideri Lemoine; Gartenflora 34: 499 (1895)
= Syringa emodi f. aurea (Carrière) Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 415 (1903)
= Syringa emodi f. aureovariegata (Rehder) McKelvey; Lilac 26 (1928)
= Syringa emodi var. aurea Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 57: 547 (1886)
= Syringa emodi var. aureovariegata Rehder; Möller´s Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 14: 207 (1899)
= Syringa emodi var. elegantissima Ottol.; Sieboldia (Leiden) 2: 191 (1876)
= Syringa emodi var. variegata Kleef; Sieboldia (Leiden) 3: 376 (1877)
= Syringa tibetica P.Y.Pai; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 1: 151 (1979)
= Syringa villosa subsp. emodi (Royle) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 31 (1983)
= Syringa villosa var. aurea (Carrière) Rehder; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 4: 1762 (1902)
= Syringa villosa var. aureovariegata (Rehder) Rehder; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 4: 1762 (1902)
= Syringa villosa var. emodi (Wall. ex Royle) Rehder; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 1762 (1902)
= Syringa vulgaris var. emodi (Wall. ex Royle) Jaub.; Inv. Cult. Trianon 25 (1876)
species :
Syringa josikaea Jacq. ex Rchb.f.; Flora 14: 67, 399 (1831)
Name: Hungarian lilac
Distribution: Slovakia; Romania; Estonia [I]; Belarus [I]; Ukraine; Uzbekistan [I]; USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], Pennsylvania [I])
11 SLO 13 ROM 14 blr est UKR 32 uzb 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Syringa josikaea f. eximia (Olbrich) Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 415 (1903)
= Syringa josikaea var. eximia Olbrich; Möller´s Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 16: 561 (1901)
= Syringa josikaea var. zabelii Beissn.; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 415 (1903)
= Syringa vincetoxifolia Baumg. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 656 (1841)
= Syringa ×henryi var. eximia (Olbrich) Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 227 (1915 publ. 1916)
species :
Syringa komarowii C.K.Schneid.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9(199-201): 82 (1910)
subspecies :
subsp. komarowii
Name: Komarow-Flieder (DE)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, N-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Syringa glabra (C.K.Schneid.) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.II, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Syring.): 81 (1920)
= Syringa komarowii var. sargentiana (C.K.Schneid.) C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 3: 432 (1917)
= Syringa sargentiana C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 1: 298 (1912)
= Syringa villosa f. glabra (C.K.Schneid.) C.K.Schneid.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 81 (1910)
= Syringa villosa var. glabra C.K.Schneid.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(Beibl. 82): 88 (1905)
subspecies :
subsp. reflexa (C.K.Schneid.) P.S.Green & M.C.Chang; Novon 5(4): 329 (1995)
Name: Bogen-Flieder (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; China (W-Hubei, NE-Sichuan)
11 ger 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Lilac minor Moench; Methodus [Moench] 431 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Syringa komarowii var. reflexa (C.K.Schneid.) Z.P.Jien ex M.C.Chang; Invest. Stud. Nat. 10: 35 (1990)
= Syringa reflexa C.K.Schneid.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9(199-201): 80-81 (1910)
species :
Syringa oblata Lindl.; Gard. Chron. 1859: 868 (1859)
subspecies :
subsp. oblata
Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Syringa affinis L.Henry; J. Soc. Natl. Hort. France, Sér. 4, 2: 731 (1901)
= Syringa affinis var. giraldii (Lemoine) C.K.Schneid.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 80 (1910)
= Syringa chinensis Bunge; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 116 (1835), nom. illeg.
= Syringa giraldii Lemoine; Nursery Cat. (Lemoine) 155: viii (1903)
= Syringa oblata f. alba Beissn.; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 414 (1903)
= Syringa oblata var. affinis (L.Henry) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.II, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Syring.): 88 (1920)
= Syringa oblata var. alba Rehder; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 4: 1763 (1902)
= Syringa oblata var. giraldii (Lemoine) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 7(1): 34 (1926)
= Syringa oblata var. hupehensis Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 17(4): 690 (1910)
= Syringa vulgaris var. oblata (Lindl.) Franch.; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 63: 330 (1891)
subspecies :
subsp. dilatata (Nakai) P.S.Green & M.C.Chang; Novon 5(4): 329 (1995)
Distribution: China (Jilin, Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea
36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Syringa dilatata f. alba (W.Wang & Skvortsov) Y.L.Chou; Ligneous Fl. Heilongjiang 493 (1986)
= Syringa dilatata f. longituba (W.Wang & Skvortsov) Y.L.Chou; Ligneous Fl. Heilongjiang 493 (1986)
= Syringa dilatata f. rubra (W.Wang & Skvortsov) Y.L.Chou; Ligneous Fl. Heilongjiang 493 (1986)
= Syringa dilatata f. violacea (W.Wang & Skvortsov) S.D.Zhao; Fl. Liaoningica 2: 63 (1992),basionym page ´476´ instead of ´566´:
= Syringa dilatata Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 128 (1918)
= Syringa dilatata var. alba W.Wang & Skvortsov; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 566 (1958)
= Syringa dilatata var. longituba W.Wang & Skvortsov; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 566 (1958)
= Syringa dilatata var. pubescens S.D.Zhao; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 21(2): 206, f. 1 (1983)
= Syringa dilatata var. rubra W.Wang & Skvortsov; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 566 (1958)
= Syringa dilatata var. violacea W.Wang & Skvortsov; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 566 (1958)
= Syringa oblata f. pendula Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 77 (1945)
= Syringa oblata var. dilatata (Nakai) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 34 (1926)
= Syringa oblata var. donaldii J.L.Fiala; Lilacs, Gen. Syringa 62 (1988)
= Syringa villosa Nakai; Veg. Chiisan Mts. 43 (1915) non Vahl
species :
Syringa persica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 9 (1753)
Name: Persian lilac (EN), Persischer Flieder (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Croatia [I]; European Russia [I]; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus; Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Kabul); China (Qinghai); Pakistan (Waziristan, Kurram); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I])
11 ger slo 13 cro 14 rus 32 TKM TZK UZB 33 NCS 34 AFG IRN 36 CHI 40 IND PAK 75 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Lilac laciniata (L.) Gaterau; Descr. Pl. Montauban 26 (1789)
= Lilac persica (L.) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 507 (1916), nom. illeg.
= Lilac persica Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 513 (1792)
= Lilac sterilis Lavy; État Général, Vég. Orig. 12 (1830)
= Liliacum laciniatum (L.) Renault; Fl. Orne 100 (1800)
= Liliacum persicum (L.) Renault; Fl. Orne 100 (1800)
= Syringa afghanica C.K.Schneid.; Wiener Ill. Gart.-Zeitung 106 (1903), Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 775 (1911)
= Syringa angustifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 14 (1796)
= Syringa capitata S.G.Gmel.; Reise Russland [S.G.Gmelin] 3: 304 (1774)
= Syringa laciniata (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 3 (1768)
= Syringa persica f. alba (Weston) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 654 (1894)
= Syringa persica var. alba Burgsd.; Anl. Erzieh. Holzart. 252 (1787)
= Syringa persica var. alba Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 289 (1770)
= Syringa persica var. caerulea Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 289 (1770)
= Syringa persica var. capitata F.Neumann; Blumen-Zeitung 15: 210 (1842)
= Syringa persica var. coriacea Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.II, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Syring.): 91 (1920)
= Syringa persica var. integrifolia Vahl; Enum. Pl. [Vahl] 1: 38 (1804)
= Syringa persica var. laciniata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 12 (1762)
= Syringa persica var. pinnata Jacques; Ann. Fl. Pomone, Sér. 2, 1: 274 (1843)
= Syringa persica var. pteridifolia Bosse; Vollst. Handb. Bl.-gärtn. 3: 461 (1842)
= Syringa persica var. pterifolia F.Neumann; Blumen-Zeitung 15: 210 (1842)
= Syringa persica var. salviifolia Lodd. ex Horst Neumann; Blumen-Zeitung 15: 210 (1842)
= Syringa pinnata (Jacques) Hovey; Nursery Cat. (Hovey & co.) 1850-1851: 12 (1850)
species :
Syringa pinetorum W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(42): 132 (1916)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum mairei H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 181 (1916)
= Syringa chuanxiensis S.Z.Qu & X.L.Chen; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9(3): 39-40, f. 1 (1989)
= Syringa mairei (H.Lév.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 15(4): 302 (1934)
= Syringa rugulosa McKelvey; J. Arnold Arbor. 6(3): 153-154 (1925)
= Syringa wardii W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 132 (1916)
species :
Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 39: 68 (1906)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, E-Qinghai, S-Shaanxi, W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Syringa pinnatifolia var. alashanensis Ma & S.Q.Zhou; Fl. Intramongol. 5: 412 (1980)
species :
Syringa protolaciniata P.S.Green & M.C.Chang; Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 6(3): 121 (1989)
Distribution: China (E-Gansu, S-Gansu, E-Qinghai); N-China [I]
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Syringa buxifolia Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 131 (1918)
species :
Syringa pubescens Turcz.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 13: 73 (1840)
subspecies :
subsp. pubescens
Distribution: China (Hebei, Henan, E-Shaanxi, W-Shandong, Shanxi, Liaoning, Beijing [I], Shenyang [I])
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Syringa meyeri C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 1: 301 (1912)
= Syringa pubescens f. pilosa C.K.Schneid.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 80 (1910)
= Syringa villosa var. ovalifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 283 (1844)
= Syringa villosa var. pubescens (Turcz.) Anon.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 38: 123 (1905)
= Syringa wulingensis Skvortsov & W.Wang; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 566 (1958)
subspecies :
subsp. microphylla (Diels) M.C.Chang & X.L.Chen; Invest. Stud. Nat. 10: 34 (1990)
Distribution: China (Gansu, SW-Hebei, W-Henan, W-Hubei, S-Ningxia, E-Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, NE-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Syringa dielsiana C.K.Schneid.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(Beibl. 82): 88 (1905)
= Syringa giraldiana C.K.Schneid.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(5, Beibl. 82): 88 (1905)
= Syringa julianae C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 777, f. 488 v-x (1911)
= Syringa meyeri f. alba (W.Wang, P.Y.Fu & T.C.Chao) M.C.Chang; Invest. Stud. Nat. 10: 33 (1990)
= Syringa meyeri var. spontanea M.C.Chang; Invest. Stud. Nat. 10: 33 (1990)
= Syringa microphylla Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 531-532 (1900)
= Syringa microphylla f. alba (W.Wang, P.Y.Fu & T.C.Chao) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 511 (1979)
= Syringa microphylla var. alba W.Wang, P.Y.Fu & T.C.Chao; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 474 (1955)
= Syringa microphylla var. flavoanthera X.L.Chen; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9(3): 41, f. 2 (1989)
= Syringa microphylla var. giraldiana (C.K.Schneid.) S.Z.Qu & X.L.Chen; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9(3): 41 (1989)
= Syringa microphylla var. glabriuscula C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 1: 301 (1912)
= Syringa potaninii C.K.Schneid.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 80 (1910)
= Syringa pubescens subsp. julianae (C.K.Schneid.) M.C.Chang & X.Y.Chen; Invest. Stud. Nat. 10: 34 (1990)
= Syringa pubescens var. flavoanthera (X.L.Chen) M.C.Chang; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 61: 68 (1992)
= Syringa pubescens var. potaninii (C.K.Schneid.) P.S.Green & M.C.Chang; Novon 5(4): 332 (1995)
= Syringa pubescens var. tibetica Batalin; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13: 378 (1894)
= Syringa schneideri Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.II, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Syring.): 86 (1920)
= Syringa spontanea (M.C.Chang) X.K.Qin; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36: 362 (1998)
= Syringa spontanea f. alba (W.Wang, P.Y.Fu & T.C.Chao) X.K.Qin; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36: 363 (1998)
= Syringa trichophylla Tang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 287 (1941)
= Syringa verrucosa C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 1(2): 298-299 (1912)
subspecies :
subsp. patula (Palib.) M.C.Chang & X.L.Chen; Invest. Stud. Nat. 10: 34 (1990)
Distribution: China (Jilin, Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea
36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrum patulum Palib.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 18: 156 (1901)
= Syringa debelderorum J.L.Fiala; Lilacs, Gen. Syringa 48 (1988), as ´debelderi´
= Syringa fauriei var. lactea (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 130 (1918)
= Syringa kamibayashii Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 130 (1918)
= Syringa koehneana C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 1063, f. 627 (1912)
= Syringa micrantha Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 129 (1918)
= Syringa palibiniana Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 32 (1913)
= Syringa palibiniana var. kamibayashii (Nakai) Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 10: 52 (1921)
= Syringa palibiniana var. lactea (Nakai) Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 10: 52 (1921)
= Syringa palibiniana var. longifolia Nakai; Handb. Kor.-Manch. For. 196 (1939)
= Syringa patula (Palib.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 148 (1926)
= Syringa patula var. kamibayashii (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 152 (2004)
= Syringa patula var. venosa (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 152 (2004)
= Syringa pubescens f. alba S.D.Zhao; Fl. Liaoningica 2: 1158 (1992)
= Syringa pubescens f. hirsuta (Skvortsov & W.Wang) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 511 (1979)
= Syringa pubescens f. lactea (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 556 (2017)
= Syringa pubescens var. kamibayashii (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 280 (2017)
= Syringa pubescens var. patula (Palib.) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 281 (2017)
= Syringa pubescens var. venosa (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 281 (2017)
= Syringa velutina f. lactea (Nakai) Y.N.Lee; Ill. Woody Pl. Korea 333 (1966)
= Syringa velutina Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 18(3): 428 (1901)
= Syringa velutina var. kamibayashii (Nakai) Y.N.Lee; Fl. Korea [Lee] 1159 (1996)
= Syringa velutina var. lactea (Nakai) Y.N.Lee; Fl. Korea [Lee] 1159 (1996)
= Syringa velutina var. palibiniana (Nakai) S.D.Zhao; Fl. Liaoningica 2: 58 (1992)
= Syringa velutina var. venosa (Nakai) Y.N.Lee; Ill. Woody Pl. Korea 333 (1966)
= Syringa venosa Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 130 (1918)
= Syringa venosa var. lactea (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 131 (1918)
= Syringa villosa var. lactea Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 330 (1914)
species :
Syringa reticulata (Blume) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 17(1): 21 (1941)
subspecies :
subsp. reticulata
Name: Japanese tree lilac
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], New Hampshire [I], New York [I])
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrina amurensis var. japonica Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 20: 432 (1875)
= Ligustrina japonica (Maxim.) L.Henry; Jardin 8: 102 (1894)
= Ligustrina reticulata (Blume) Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31: 91 (1952)
= Ligustrina reticulata (Blume) Nedol.; Konsp. Dendrofl. Ross. Dal´nego Vostoka 110 (1995), isonym
= Ligustrum reticulatum Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 313 (1851)
= Syringa amurensis var. japonica (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 435 (1877)
= Syringa japonica (Maxim.) Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 2: 44 (1879)
subspecies :
subsp. amurensis (Rupr.) P.S.Green & M.C.Chang; Novon 5(4): 329 (1995)
Name: Amur lilac
Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol); South Korea; USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], Wyoming [I])
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR 73 usa 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrina amurensis (Rupr.) Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 11: 72 (1859)
= Ligustrina amurensis var. mandshurica Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 432 (1859)
= Ligustrina fauriei (H.Lév.) Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31: 92 (1952)
= Ligustrina reticulata f. bracteata (Nakai) Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31: 91 (1952)
= Ligustrina reticulata var. longifolia (Nakai) Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31: 91 (1952)
= Ligustrina reticulata var. mandshurica (Maxim.) Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31: 91 (1952)
= Syringa amurensis f. bracteata Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 126 (1918)
= Syringa amurensis Rupr.; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 15: 371 (1857)
= Syringa amurensis var. longifolia Nakai; Chos. Saml. Sikm. Dos. [Chung] 608 (1943)
= Syringa amurensis var. mandshurica (Maxim.) Korsh.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 369 (1893)
= Syringa amurensis var. rotundifolia (Decne.) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.II, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Syring.): 94 (1920)
= Syringa amurensis var. tatewakiana Yanagita; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 425 (1936)
= Syringa fauriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 285 (1910)
= Syringa ligustrina Leroy; Cat. 1868: 99 (1868)
= Syringa reticulata f. bracteata (Nakai) W.Lee; Ill. Woody Pl. Korea 333 (1966)
= Syringa reticulata f. koreana T.B.Lee; Ill. Woody Pl. Korea 333 (1966)
= Syringa reticulata f. longifolia (Nakai) T.B.Lee; Ill. Woody Pl. Korea 333 (1966)
= Syringa reticulata var. amurensis (Rupr.) Pringle; Phytologia 52(5): 286 (1983)
= Syringa reticulata var. longifolia (Nakai) U.C.La; Fl. Coreana [Kim] 6: 43 (1999)
= Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica (Maxim.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 17: 22 (1941)
= Syringa rotundifolia Decne.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 2: 44 (1879)
subspecies :
subsp. pekinensis (Rupr.) P.S.Green & M.C.Chang; Novon 5(4): 330 (1995)
Name: Peking tree lilac
Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan); USA [I] (Pennsylvania [I])
36 CHI 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Ligustrina amurensis var. pekinensis (Rupr.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 20: 431 (1875)
= Ligustrina pekinensis (Rupr.) Regel ex Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 119 (1889)
= Ligustrina pekinensis var. pendula (F.L.Temple) Grosdem.; Jardin 8: 16 (1894)
= Ligustrum pekinense (Rupr.) K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 272 (1872)
= Syringa amurensis var. pekinensis (Rupr.) Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 194 (1859)
= Syringa ligustrina var. pendula F.L.Temple; Gard. Monthly & Hort. 29: 35 (1887)
= Syringa pekinensis f. pendula (F.L.Temple) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 119 (1889)
= Syringa pekinensis Rupr.; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 2, 15: 371 (1857)
= Syringa pekinensis var. pendula (F.L.Temple) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 119 (1889)
species :
Syringa tomentella Bureau & Franch.; J. Bot. 5(7): 103-104 (1891)
subspecies :
subsp. tomentella
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Syringa adamiana Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(42): 131-132 (1916)
= Syringa alborosea N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914(5): 187 (1914)
= Syringa emodi var. villosissima C.K.Schneid.; Wiener Ill. Gart.-Zeitung 28: 107 (1903)
= Syringa rehderiana C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 1(2): 299-300 (1912)
= Syringa tomentella var. rehderiana (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 7(1): 34 (1926)
subspecies :
subsp. sweginzowii (Koehne & Lingelsh.) Jin Y.Chen & D.Y.Hong; Novon 18(3): 317 (2008)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Syringa sweginzowii Koehne & Lingelsh.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8(157-159): 9 (1910)
= Syringa tetanoloba C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 1(2): 299 (1912)
= Syringa tigerstedtii Harry Sm.; Lustgarden 28-29: 107 (1948)
= Syringa wilsonii C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 1: 300 (1912)
subspecies :
subsp. yunnanensis (Franch.) Jin Y.Chen & D.Y.Hong; Novon 18(3): 316 (2008)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Syringa yunnanensis f. pubicalyx (Z.P.Jien ex P.Y.Pai) M.C.Chang; Invest. Stud. Nat. 10: 35 (1990)
= Syringa yunnanensis Franch.; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 62: 308 (1891)
= Syringa yunnanensis var. pubicalyx Z.P.Jien ex Y.P.Bai; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 5(2): 179 (1983)
species :
Syringa villosa Vahl; Enum. Pl. [Vahl] 1: 38 (1804)
subspecies :
subsp. villosa
Name: Villous lilac
Distribution: European Russia [I]; China (Hebei, Shanxi); USA [I] (Massachusetts [I])
14 rus 36 CHI 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Syringa bretschneideri Lemoine ex Wittm.; Gartenflora 34: 499 (1895)
= Syringa emodi var. rosea Cornu; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 59: 492 (1888)
= Syringa robusta f. subhirsuta (C.K.Schneid.) Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 10: 57 (1921)
= Syringa villosa f. subhirsuta C.K.Schneid.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 81 (1910)
= Syringa villosa var. limprichtii Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.II, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Syring.): 80 (1920)
= Syringa villosa var. rosea (Cornu) C.K.Schneid.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 81 (1910)
subspecies :
subsp. wolfii (C.K.Schneid.) Jin Y.Chen & D.Y.Hong; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 45(6): 860 (2007)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Syringa formosissima Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 31: 105 (1917)
= Syringa formosissima var. hirsuta (C.K.Schneid.) Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 10: 56 (1921)
= Syringa hirsuta (C.K.Schneid.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32(378): 132 (1918)
= Syringa hirsuta var. formosissima (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 133 (1918), nom. illeg.
= Syringa robusta f. glabra Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 10: 57 (1921)
= Syringa robusta f. rupestris A.I.Baranov & Skvortsov; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 567 (1955)
= Syringa robusta Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 10: 57 (1921)
= Syringa villosa var. hirsuta C.K.Schneid.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9(199-201): 81 (1910)
= Syringa wolfii C.K.Schneid.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9(199-201): 81-82 (1910)
= Syringa wolfii var. hirsuta (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 427 (1939)
species :
Syringa vulgaris L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 9 (1753)
Name: Flieder (DE), Lilac (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Guernsey [I], Jersey [I]); Italy [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [I]; Crimea [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; South Korea [I]; Japan [I]; Pakistan [I]; India [c]; New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Arkansas [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Iowa [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], North Carolina [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I]); Bolivia [I]; Argentina [I]
10 grb ire 11 cze ger hun lux slo 12 cis fra spa 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ita KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 blr est kry lat lit 31 rfe 32 kaz tkm tzk uzb 38 jap kor 40 ind pak 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 83 bol 85 arg
Remarks: synonymy incomplete, many garden forms not listed
Synonyms: hidden
= Lilac caerulea (Jonst.) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 506 (1916)
= Lilac cordatifolia Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 1: 1 (1792), opus utique oppr.
= Lilac suaveolens Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 1 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Lilac vulgaris (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 305 (1779)
= Lilac vulgaris (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 431 (1794)
= Lilac vulgaris var. alba (Weston) Jacques & Hérincq; Man. Gén. Pl. 3: 54 (1857)
= Lilac vulgaris var. coerulea (Weston) Jacques & Hérincq; Man. Gén. Pl. 3: 54 (1857)
= Lilac vulgaris var. purpurea (Weston) Jacques & Hérincq; Man. Gén. Pl. 3: 54 (1857)
= Lilac vulgaris var. violacea (Aiton) Jacques & Hérincq; Man. Gén. Pl. 3: 54 (1857)
= Liliacum album (Weston) Renault; Fl. Orne 100 (1800)
= Liliacum vulgare (L.) Renault; Fl. Orne 100 (1800)
= Syringa alba (Weston) A.Dietr. ex Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 112 (1889)
= Syringa albiflora Opiz; Naturalientausch 10: 239 (1825), nom. superfl.
= Syringa amoena K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 266 (1872), nom. inval.
= Syringa bicolor K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 266 (1872), nom. inval.
= Syringa caerulea Jonst.; Dendrographias, ed. 2: 2: 219 (1768)
= Syringa carlsruhensis K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 266 (1872), nom. inval.
= Syringa cordifolia Stokes; Bot. Comm. 1: 33 (1830), nom. superfl.
= Syringa cordifolia var. alba Stokes; Bot. Comm. 1: 32 (1830)
= Syringa cordifolia var. caerulescens Stokes; Bot. Comm. 1: 31 (1830)
= Syringa cordifolia var. purpurascens Stokes; Bot. Comm. 1: 31 (1830)
= Syringa latifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 13 (1796), nom. illeg.
= Syringa lilac Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd., t. 574 (1764), opus utique oppr.
= Syringa lilac Thouin; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 20: 145 (1813), nom. superfl.
= Syringa lilac var. alba (Weston) Thouin; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 20: 145 (1813)
= Syringa lilac var. purpurea (Weston) Thouin; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 20: 145 (1813)
= Syringa lilac var. violacea (Aiton) Thouin; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 20: 145 (1813)
= Syringa marliensis K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 266 (1872)
= Syringa nigricans K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 266 (1872), nom. inval.
= Syringa notgeri K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 266 (1872), nom. inval.
= Syringa philemon K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 266 (1872), nom. inval.
= Syringa rhodopea Velen.; Reliq. Mrkvickanae [Velenovsky] 20 (1922)
= Syringa versaliensis K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 266 (1872), nom. inval.
= Syringa virginalis K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 266 (1872)
= Syringa vulgaris f. alba (Weston) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 652 (1894)
= Syringa vulgaris f. albipleniflora S.D.Zhao; Fl. Liaoningica 2: 1158 (1992)
= Syringa vulgaris f. coerulea (Weston) Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 414 (1903)
= Syringa vulgaris f. purpurea (Weston) Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 413 (1903)
= Syringa vulgaris f. violacea (Aiton) Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 413 (1903)
= Syringa vulgaris var. alba Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 15 (1789)
= Syringa vulgaris var. alba Burgsd.; Anl. Erzieh. Holzart. 251 (1787), nom. inval.
= Syringa vulgaris var. alba H.Mart.; Prodr. Fl. Mosq., Ed. Alt. 4 (1817)
= Syringa vulgaris var. alba Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 289 (1770)
= Syringa vulgaris var. albiflora Bluff & Fingerh.; Comp. Fl. German. [Bluff & Fingerhuth] 1: 11 (1825)
= Syringa vulgaris var. albiflora Pancic; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 6: 536 (1856), nom. illeg.
= Syringa vulgaris var. caerulea Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 15 (1789)
= Syringa vulgaris var. caerulea Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 289 (1770)
= Syringa vulgaris var. caroli F.Neumann; Blumen-Zeitung 15: 202 (1842)
= Syringa vulgaris var. coerulea Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 289 (1770)
= Syringa vulgaris var. colmariensis F.Neumann; Blumen-Zeitung 15: 202 (1842)
= Syringa vulgaris var. lilacina Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 272 (1826)
= Syringa vulgaris var. macrantha Borbás; Erdész. Lapok 1882: 883 (1882)
= Syringa vulgaris var. marlyensis F.Neumann; Blumen-Zeitung 15: 195 (1842)
= Syringa vulgaris var. media F.Neumann; Blumen-Zeitung 15: 201 (1842)
= Syringa vulgaris var. pulchella Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk., Tr. Mat.-Prír.) 37: 43 (1893 publ. 1894)
= Syringa vulgaris var. purpurea Burgsd.; Anl. Erzieh. Holzart. 251 (1787), nom. inval.
= Syringa vulgaris var. purpurea St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 564 (1889)
= Syringa vulgaris var. purpurea Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 289 (1770)
= Syringa vulgaris var. regia St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 564 (1889)
= Syringa vulgaris var. rhotomagensis F.Neumann; Blumen-Zeitung 15: 202 (1842)
= Syringa vulgaris var. rosea H.Mart.; Prodr. Fl. Mosq., Ed. Alt. 4 (1817)
= Syringa vulgaris var. rubra Lodd. ex Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 1209 (1838)
= Syringa vulgaris var. rubra-maxima F.Neumann; Blumen-Zeitung 15: 202 (1842)
= Syringa vulgaris var. semiplena F.Neumann; Blumen-Zeitung 15: 202 (1842)
= Syringa vulgaris var. sibbirica F.Neumann; Blumen-Zeitung 15: 201 (1842)
= Syringa vulgaris var. transsilvanica Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 451 (1866)
= Syringa vulgaris var. violacea Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 15 (1789)
= Syringa vulgaris var. virginalis F.Neumann; Blumen-Zeitung 15: 202 (1842)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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