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495.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6701; hybrids: 10
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 256 (1858)
495.1421 Genus Tabernaemontana Plum. ex L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 210 (1753)
Distribution: Tropical America, trop. and S-Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles and Comores, trop. Asia, Malesia, trop. Australia, Oceania
Species listed in database: 126
= Anacampta Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 64 (1878)
= Anartia Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 79 (1878)
= Bonafousia A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 359 (1844)
= Camerunia (Pichon) Boiteau; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 16(2): 274 (1976)
= Capuronetta Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 12: 61 (1972)
= Clerkia Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 251 (1790)
= Codonemma Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 72 (1878)
= Conopharyngia G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 94 (1837)
= Domkeocarpa Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 421 (1941)
= Ervatamia (A.DC.) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 126 (1902)
= Gabunia K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 224 (1896) ex Stapf
= Hazunta Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 207 (1948)
= Leptopharyngia (Stapf) Boiteau; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 16(2): 276 (1976)
= Merizadenia Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 78 (1878)
= Muntafara Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 209 (1948)
= Ochronerium Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 774 (1889), et Hist. des pl. 10: 199 (1888), K. Schum. in Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 175 (1895)
= Odontostigma A.Rich.; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11(2): 86 (1850)
= Oistanthera Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 547, 550 (1935)
= Pagiantha Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 546 (1935)
= Pandaca Noronha ex Thouars; Gen. Nov. Madagasc. 10 (1806)
= Pandacastrum Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 209 (1948)
= Peschiera A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 360 (1844)
= Phrissocarpus Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 71 (1878)
= Protogabunia Boiteau; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 16(2): 276 (1976)
= Pterotaberna Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 125 (1902)
= Quadricasaea Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 271 (1941)
= Reichardia Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 32 (1818)
= Rejoua Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 451, t. 61 (1826)
= Sarcopharyngia (Stapf) Boiteau; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 16(2): 272 (1976)
= Stemmadenia Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 124 (1845)
= Stenosolen (Müll.Arg.) Markgr.; Fl. Suriname [Pulle] 4 (Meded. Afd. Trop. Prod. Kon. Ver. Indisch Inst. 30): 455 (1937), et in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 177 (1938)
= Taberna (A.DC.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 61 (1878)
= Testudipes Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 547, 550 (1935)
= Woytkowskia Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47: 74 (1960)
species :
Tabernaemontana abbreviata (J.F.Morales) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress; Taxon 59(3): 787 (2010)
Distribution: Costa Rica
80 COS
Synonyms: hidden
= Stemmadenia abbreviata J.F.Morales; Novon 9(2): 236 (1999)
species :
Tabernaemontana africana Hook.; Trav. West. Afr. [W.Gray] 389 (1825)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; ?Congo [Brazzaville]
22 GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR SEN SIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Conopharyngia chippii Stapf; Gold Coast Trees [Chipp] 27 (1913), nomen, et in Kew Bull. 77 (1913), descr.
= Conopharyngia longiflora (Benth.) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 142 (1902)
= Tabernaemontana chippii (Stapf) Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 251 (1948)
= Tabernaemontana grandiflora Hook.; Trav. West. Afr. [W.Gray] 389 (1825), nom. illeg.
= Tabernaemontana longiflora Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 447 (1849)
species :
Tabernaemontana alba Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: 2 (1768)
Name: White milkwood
Distribution: USA [I] (Florida [I]); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Colombia (Antioquia)
78 usa 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB 82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Tabernaemontana amblyblasta S.F.Blake; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 18 (1922)
= Tabernaemontana amblyocarpa Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5: 463 (1908)
= Tabernaemontana berteroi var. parviflora A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 367 (1844)
= Tabernaemontana chrysocarpa S.F.Blake; Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 81 (1917)
= Tabernaemontana cymosa Sessé & Moc.; non Jacq.
= Tabernaemontana martensii Peyr.; Linnaea 30: 31 (1859)
= Tabernaemontana paisavelensis Loes.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 553 (1894)
= Tabernaemontana tuxtlensis Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic. 46 (1893)
= Tabernaemontana umbellata Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic. 46 (1893)
= Tabernaemontana veracrucensis Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic. 47 (1893)
species :
Tabernaemontana alfaroi Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 24: 396 (1897)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama
80 COS PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Stemmadenia alfaroi (Donn.Sm.) Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 360 (1928)
species :
Tabernaemontana allenii (Woodson) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress; Taxon 59(3): 787 (2010)
Distribution: Panama
80 PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Stemmadenia allenii Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 461 (1941)
species :
Tabernaemontana alternifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 211 (1753)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra); Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobar Isl., Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo; ?Philippines
40 IND 41 AND NCB VIE 42 BOR MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia alternifolia (L.) S.M.Almeida; Fl. Savantwadi 1: 252 (1990)
= Ervatamia heyneana Wall. ex T.Cooke; Fl. Bombay 2(1): 134 (1904)
= Pagiantha crispa (Roxb.) Markgr.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 29 (1950)
= Pagiantha heyneana (Wall.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 546 (1935)
= Tabernaemontana crispa Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 20 (1814), nomen
= Tabernaemontana crispa var. nicobarica (Liebm.) Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 45: 160 (1876)
= Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1273 (1829)
= Tabernaemontana intercedens Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.; Observ. Bot. Descript. Pl. Nov. Herb. Van Heurckiani 2: 166 (1871)
= Tabernaemontana nicobarica Liebm.; Index Sem. (Copenhagen) 27 (1855)
= Tabernaemontana oblonga Wall.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1273 (1829)
species :
Tabernaemontana amplifolia L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130(4-5): 344 (1983 publ. 1984)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia); Ecuador
82 CLM 83 ECU
species :
Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia Jacq.; Enum. Syst. Pl. 14 (1760)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Haiti; Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Caldas, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, La Guajira, Magdalena, Nariño, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Zulia); Ecuador; Peru; N-Brazil (Acre)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB HIS VEN 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia jasminoides (Kunth) Tsiang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 236 (1963)
= Malouetia jasminoides (Kunth) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 379 (1844)
= Tabernaemontana acapulcensis Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 57 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia var. glaucophylla L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 14 (1985)
= Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia var. obtusiloba A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 367 (1844)
= Tabernaemontana deamii Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 52: 50 (1911)
= Tabernaemontana dichotoma Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic. 47 (1893), nom. illeg.
= Tabernaemontana jasminoides Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 225 (1819)
= Tabernaemontana nereifolia Vahl; Eclog. Amer. 2: 21 (1798)
= Tabernaemontana occidentalis Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 58 (1878)
species :
Tabernaemontana angulata Mart. ex Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 72 (1860)
Distribution: Guyana; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Roraima, Amapa, Pará, Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Maranhao)
82 FRG GUY 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anacampta angulata (Mart. ex Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 65 (1878)
= Bonafousia angulata (Mart. ex Müll.Arg.) Boiteau & L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130: 339 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Bonafousia silvae L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130: 342 (1983 publ. 1984)
species :
Tabernaemontana antheonycta Leeuwenb.; Revis. Tabernaemontana 1(Old World Species): 117 (1991)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah); Brunei
42 BOR BRN
species :
Tabernaemontana apoda C.Wright; Anales Real Acad. Ci. Méd. Fís. Nat. Habana Revista Ci. 7: 102 (1870)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Conservation Status: endangered (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba) and IUCN CR
Synonyms: hidden
= Peschiera apoda (Wright) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 171 (1938)
species :
Tabernaemontana arborea Rose ex Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 18: 206 (1893)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Chiapas, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó, Valle); Peru
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 CLM 83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Peschiera arborea (Rose) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 173 (1938)
= Peschiera schippii (Standl.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 173 (1938)
= Tabernaemontana schippii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 34 (1930)
species :
Tabernaemontana attenuata (Miers) Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 471 (1915)
Name: Borache, Coco Cochon, Wild Jasmine (Trinidad & Tobago)
Distribution: Trinidad; Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Sucre); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana
81 TRT 82 FRG GUY SUR VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Anartia attenuata (Miers) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 165 (1938)
= Bonafousia attenuata Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 51 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana meyeri G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 89 (1837)
= Anartia meyeri (G.Don) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 80 (1878)
species :
Tabernaemontana aurantiaca Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 50 (1830)
Distribution: Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu; Palau (Babeldaob)
42 MOL NWG 43 BIS SOL 60 SCZ VAN 62 PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Rejoua aurantiaca (Gaudich.) Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 451 (1826)
= Rejoua novoguineensis (Scheff.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 546 (1935)
= Tabernaemontana anguinea Hemsl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 136 (1895)
= Tabernaemontana aurantiaca f. anguinea (Hemsl.) Leeuwenb.; Agric. Univ. Wageningen Pap. 87(5): 3 (1987 publ. 1988)
= Tabernaemontana longipedunculata K.Schum.; Fl. Kais. Wilh. Land [Schumann & Hollrung] 113 (1889)
= Tabernaemontana novoguineensis Scheff.; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 1: 36 (1876)
= Tabernaemontana pentasticta Scheff.; Flora 52: 309 (1869)
species :
Tabernaemontana bouquetii (Boiteau) Leeuwenb.; Meded. Landbouwhoogeschool 83(7): 60 (1983 publ. 1984)
Distribution: Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]
23 CON GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Camerunia bouquetii Boiteau; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 1981: 236 (1981)
species :
Tabernaemontana bovina Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 1: 118 (1790)
Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
36 CHI 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia balansae (Pit.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 219 (1948)
= Ervatamia balansae var. macrophylla Lý; Feddes Repert. 97(7-8): 451 (1986)
= Ervatamia bonii (Pit.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 219 (1948)
= Ervatamia bovina (Lour.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 547 (1935)
= Ervatamia dakgleiensis Lý; Feddes Repert. 92(9-10): 621 (1981)
= Ervatamia daktoensis Lý; Feddes Repert. 92(9-10): 624 (1981)
= Ervatamia longocuspidata Lý; Feddes Repert. 96: 29 (1985)
= Ervatamia nemoralis (Pit.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 547 (1935)
= Ervatamia officinalis Tsiang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 239-241, pl. 29, f. 1 (1963)
= Ervatamia pallida Pierre ex Spire; Caoutchouc Indo-Chine 141 (1906)
= Ervatamia petelotii Lý; Feddes Repert. 96: 25 (1985)
= Ervatamia tonkinensis (Pierre ex Pit.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12(115): 547 (1935)
= Tabernaemontana balansae Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1148 (1933)
= Tabernaemontana balansae var. macrophylla (Lý) Lý; Fl. Vietnam 5: 138 (2007)
= Tabernaemontana bonii Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1151 (1933)
= Tabernaemontana dakgleiensis (Lý) Lý; Fl. Vietnam 5: 134 (2007)
= Tabernaemontana daktoensis (Lý) Lý; Fl. Vietnam 5: 152 (2007)
= Tabernaemontana longocuspidata (Lý) Lý; Fl. Vietnam 5: 148 (2007)
= Tabernaemontana nemoralis Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1155 (1933)
= Tabernaemontana officinalis (Tsiang) P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 172 (1986)
= Tabernaemontana pallida (Pierre ex Spire) Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 143 (1925)
= Tabernaemontana tonkinensis Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1154 (1933), nom. illeg.
species :
Tabernaemontana brachyantha Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 22 (1894)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
22 NGA 23 BIO CMN EQG GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Conopharyngia brachyantha (Stapf) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 148 (1902)
species :
Tabernaemontana brasiliensis (Leeuwenb.) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress; Taxon 59(3): 787 (2010)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Stemmadenia brasiliensis Leeuwenb.; Revis. Tabernaemontana 2(New World Sp. & Stemmadenia): 401 (1994)
species :
Tabernaemontana bufalina Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 1: 117-118 (1790)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, S-Yunnan); Myanmar (Bago, Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
36 CHI 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia annamensis (Eberh. & Dubard) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
= Ervatamia bufalina (Lour.) Pichon; Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948 publ. 1949)
= Ervatamia celastroides Kerr; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 87 (1937)
= Ervatamia ceratocarpa Kerr; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937(2): 88-89 (1937)
= Ervatamia chengkiangensis Tsiang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 246-247, pl. 32, f. 1 (1963)
= Ervatamia hainanensis Tsiang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 246-247, pl. 31, f. 2 (1963)
= Ervatamia hoabinhensis Lý; J. Biol. (Vietnam) 3(3): 21 (1981)
= Ervatamia jasminoides Tsiang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 236, 250 (1963)
= Ervatamia laxiflora Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
= Ervatamia longipedicellata Lý; Feddes Repert. 96: 27 (1985)
= Ervatamia luensis (Pierre ex Pit.) Pierre ex Kerr; Fl. Siam 2: 445 (1939)
= Ervatamia microphylla (Pit.) Kerr; Fl. Siam 2: 446 (1939)
= Ervatamia subcapitata (Wall.) Lace; List Trees Shrubs Cl. Burma 91 (1913)
= Tabernaemontana annamensis Eberh. & Dubard; Ann. Sci. Agron. Franç. Étrangère, Sér. 4, 2: 135 (1913)
= Tabernaemontana celastroides (Kerr) P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 173 (1986)
= Tabernaemontana ceratocarpa (Kerr) P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 173 (1986)
= Tabernaemontana chengkiangensis (Tsiang) P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 169 (1986)
= Tabernaemontana hainanensis (Tsiang) P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 169 (1986)
= Tabernaemontana hoabinhensis (Lý) Lý; Fl. Vietnam 5: 139 (2007)
= Tabernaemontana jasminiflora Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1145 (1933), nom. illeg.
= Tabernaemontana luensis Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1147 (1933)
= Tabernaemontana microphylla Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1150 (1933)
= Tabernaemontana pallida Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1146 (1933), nom. illeg.
= Tabernaemontana subcapitata Wall.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1273 (1829)
species :
Tabernaemontana calcarea Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 241 (1948)
Distribution: Madagascar; Comores
29 COM MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Hazunta decaryi Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 28 (1970)
= Pandaca affinis Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10(4): 513 (1971)
= Pandaca caducifolia Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 31 (1970)
= Pandaca calcarea (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 32 (1970)
= Pandaca minutiflora (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 33 (1970)
= Tabernaemontana minutiflora Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 248 (1948)
species :
Tabernaemontana capuronii Leeuwenb.; Alkaloids: Chem. & Biol. Perspec. 1: 335 (1983) [nom. nov.]
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Capuronetta elegans Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 12(1): 61 (1972)
species :
Tabernaemontana catharinensis A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 365 (1844)
Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Ceara, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Neembucu, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Uruguay (Artigas, Paysandu, Salto); Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Peschiera acuminata (Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 43 (1878)
= Peschiera affinis (Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 40 (1878)
= Peschiera affinis var. acuminata L.Allorge
= Peschiera albidiflora Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 39 (1878)
= Peschiera australis (Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 46 (1878)
= Peschiera australis var. hilariana (Müll.Arg.) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 148 (1985)
= Peschiera catharinensis (A.DC.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 42 (1878)
= Peschiera hilariana (Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 41 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana acuminata Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 30: 406 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana affinis Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 83 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana affinis var. lanceolata Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 84 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana albiflora Rojas Acosta; Cat. Hist. Nat. Corrientes 71 (1897)
= Tabernaemontana australis Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 84 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana benthamiana var. hilariana (Müll.Arg.) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 148 (1985)
= Tabernaemontana hilariana Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 85 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana hybrida Hand.-Mazz.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 79(2): 9 (1910)
= Tabernaemontana salicifolia Hand.-Mazz.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 79(2): 9 (1910), nom. illeg.
species :
Tabernaemontana cerea (Woodson) Leeuwenb.; Novon 1(2): 105 (1991)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Sucre); Guyana; Surinam
82 GUY SUR VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Anartia cerea (Woodson) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 58 (1985)
= Stemmadenia cerea Woodson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 557 (1948)
species :
Tabernaemontana cerifera Pancher & Sebert; Not. Bois Nouv. Caléd. 188 (1873)
Distribution: New Caledonia (rainforest, widespread)
60 NWC
Synonyms: hidden
= Pagiantha cerifera (Pancher & Sebert) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 546 (1935)
= Ochrosia novocaledonica Däniker; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 78 (Beibl. 19): 385 (1933)
species :
Tabernaemontana chamelensis L.O.Alvarado & Lozada-Pérez; Phytotaxa 388(1): 19 (2019)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco)
79 MEX
species :
Tabernaemontana chocoensis (A.H.Gentry) Leeuwenb.; Agric. Univ. Wageningen Pap. 87(5): 4 (1987 publ. 1988)
Distribution: Colombia (Chocó)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Bonafousia chocoensis A.H.Gentry; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68(1): 116 (1981)
species :
Tabernaemontana ciliata Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 246 (1948)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pandaca anisophylla (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 32 (1970)
= Pandaca callosa (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 33 (1970)
= Pandaca ciliata (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 33 (1970)
= Pandaca ciliata var. lanceolata Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 33 (1970)
= Pandaca ciliata var. sambiranensis Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 12: 218 (1972)
= Pandaca cuneata (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 33 (1970)
= Pandaca cuneata var. exserta Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 33 (1970)
= Pandaca longissima Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 12(2): 217 (1972)
= Pandaca longituba (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 32 (1970)
= Pandaca ochrascens (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 32 (1970)
= Pandaca pichoniana Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 31 (1970)
= Pandacastrum saccharatum Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 210 (1948)
= Tabernaemontana anisophylla Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 244 (1948)
= Tabernaemontana callosa Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 247 (1948)
= Tabernaemontana cuneata Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 245 (1948)
= Tabernaemontana longituba Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 247 (1948)
= Tabernaemontana ochrascens Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 245 (1948)
species :
Tabernaemontana citrifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 210 (1753)
Name: Palo lechoso, Pegoge
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Honduras; Costa Rica; Cuba; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; St. Martin/St. Maarten; Saba; St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Tobago; Trinidad
79 MEX 80 COS HON 81 ABA CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS MAR MTS PUE SAB STE STK STL STM STV TRT
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia citrifolia (L.) M.R.Almeida; Fl. Maharashtra 3A: 206 (2001)
= Rauvolfia oppositiflora Sessé & Moc.; Naturaleza (Mexico City), Ser. 2, 1(App.): 32 (1887 publ. 1890)
= Tabernaemontana citrifolia var. lanceolata (Miers) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 18 (1985)
= Tabernaemontana lanceolata Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 268 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana plumieri E.H.L.Krause; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 32(2): 344 (1914)
species :
Tabernaemontana coffeoides Bojer ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 370 (1844)
Distribution: Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mauritius; La Réunion; Seychelles
29 COM MAU MDG REU SEY
Synonyms: hidden
= Conopharyngia coffeoides (Bojer ex A.DC.) Summerh.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 392 (1928)
= Ervatamia membranacea (DC.) Markgr.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 29 (1950)
= Ervatamia methuenii Stapf & M.L.Green; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 78 (1913)
= Ervatamia modesta (Baker) Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 78 (1913)
= Hazunta angustifolia Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 208 (1948)
= Hazunta coffeoides (Bojer ex A.DC.) Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 208 (1948)
= Hazunta costata Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 27 (1970)
= Hazunta graciliflora Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 209 (1948)
= Hazunta membranacea (A.DC.) Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 208 (1948)
= Hazunta membranacea f. pilifera Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 12: 222 (1972)
= Hazunta modesta (Baker) Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 207 (1948)
= Hazunta modesta var. divaricata Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 208 (1948)
= Hazunta modesta var. methuenii (Stapf & M.L.Green) Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 208 (1948)
= Hazunta silicicola Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 208 (1948)
= Hazunta velutina Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 208 (1948)
= Tabernaemontana coffeifolia Bojer ex Baker; Fl. Mauritius [J.G.Baker] 224 (1877) orth. var.
= Tabernaemontana membranacea A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 370 (1844)
= Tabernaemontana modesta Baker; J. Bot. 20: 219 (1882)
species :
Tabernaemontana columbiensis (L.Allorge) Leeuwenb.; Agric. Univ. Wageningen Pap. 87(5): 5 (1987 publ. 1988)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Cauca, Nariño, Putumayo, Valle); Ecuador; Peru
80 COS PAN 82 CLM 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Bonafousia columbiensis L.Allorge; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68(4): 679 (1981 publ. 1982)
species :
Tabernaemontana contorta Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 23 (1894)
Distribution: Cameroon
23 CMN
Conservation Status: IUCN NT (Cameroon)
Synonyms: hidden
= Conopharyngia contorta (Stapf) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 142 (1902)
= Sarcopharyngia contorta (Stapf) Boiteau; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 16: 274 (1976)
species :
Tabernaemontana cordata Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 337 (1912)
Distribution: Philippines (Mindanao)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia cordata (Merr.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 548 (1935)
= Ervatamia wenzelii (Merr.) Markgr.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 29 (1950), nom. inval.
species :
Tabernaemontana coriacea Link ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 431 (1819)
Distribution: Peru; N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Rondônia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
83 PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anacampta acutissima (Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 66 (1878)
= Anacampta congesta Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 65 (1878)
= Anacampta coriacea (Link ex Roem. & Schult.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 162 (1938)
= Anacampta pendula Markgr.; Brittonia 23: 438 (1971)
= Anacampta riedelii (Müll.Arg.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 163 (1938)
= Anacampta submollis Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 67 (1878)
= Bonafousia brachyantha Boiteau & L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130: 340 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Bonafousia coriacea (Link ex Roem. & Schult.) Boiteau & L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130(4-5): 340 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Bonafousia pendula (Markgr.) Boiteau & L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130: 340 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Bonafousia submollis (Mart. ex Müll.Arg.) Boiteau & L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130(4-5): 340 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Taberna riedelii (Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 64 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana acutissima Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 73 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana brachyantha Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47: 76 (1960), nom. illeg.
= Tabernaemontana congesta Benth. ex Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 71 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana luciliae Leeuwenb.; Agric. Univ. Wageningen Pap. 87(5): 14 (1987 publ. 1988)
= Tabernaemontana riedelii Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 72 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana rubrostriolata Mart. ex Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 71 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana submollis Mart. ex Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 70 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana ulei K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 167 (1907), nomen
species :
Tabernaemontana corymbosa Roxb. ex Wall.; Bot. Reg. 15: sub t. 1273 (1829)
Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, S-Guizhou, S-Yunnan); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (widespread); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.)
36 CHI 40 BAN 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR BRN LSI MLY SNG SUM
Conservation Status: endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia baviensis (Pit.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 219 (1948)
= Ervatamia chinensis (Merr.) Tsiang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 244-245, pl. 31, f. 1 (1963)
= Ervatamia continentalis Tsiang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 243-244, pl. 30, f. 2 (1963)
= Ervatamia continentalis var. pubiflora Tsiang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 244 (1963)
= Ervatamia corymbosa (Roxb. ex Wall.) King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74(2): 448 (1908)
= Ervatamia corymbosa var. pubescens King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74(2): 449 (1908)
= Ervatamia hirta (Hook.f.) King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74(2): 449 (1908)
= Ervatamia inaequalifolia (Lütjeh. & Ooststr.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
= Ervatamia jasminiflora Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 342 (1923)
= Ervatamia kwangsiensis Tsiang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 238-239, pl. 28, f. 2 (1963)
= Ervatamia kweichowensis Tsiang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 237-238, pl. 28, f. 1 (1963)
= Ervatamia lamdongensis Lý; Feddes Repert. 96(3): 179 (1985)
= Ervatamia laotica (Pit.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 219 (1948)
= Ervatamia pauciflora Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 86: 299 (1922), Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 342 (1923)
= Ervatamia pauciflora var. minor Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 86: 300 (1922)
= Ervatamia phuongii Lý; Feddes Repert. 91: 393 (1980)
= Ervatamia tenuiflora Tsiang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 241, pl. 29, f. 2 (1963)
= Ervatamia yunnanensis Tsiang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 241-243, pl. 30, f. 1 (1963)
= Ervatamia yunnanensis var. heterosepala Tsiang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 242-243 (1963)
= Pagiantha corymbosa (Roxb. ex Wall.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 546 (1935)
= Pagiantha peninsularis Kerr; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 43 (1937)
= Pseudixora sumatrana Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 209 (1856)
= Randia sumatrana (Miq.) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 235 (1869)
= Tabernaemontana baviensis Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1156 (1933)
= Tabernaemontana carinata Lütjeh. & Ooststr.; Blumea 3: 104 (1938)
= Tabernaemontana chinensis Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 21(5): 507-508 (1922)
= Tabernaemontana continentalis (Tsiang) P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 170 (1986)
= Tabernaemontana continentalis var. pubiflora (Tsiang) P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 170 (1986)
= Tabernaemontana cymulosa Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 422 (1857)
= Tabernaemontana hirta Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 646 (1882)
= Tabernaemontana inaequalifolia Lütjeh. & Ooststr.; Blumea 3: 103 (1938)
= Tabernaemontana kwangsiensis (Tsiang) P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 171-172 (1986)
= Tabernaemontana kweichowensis (Tsiang) P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 171 (1986)
= Tabernaemontana laotica Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1148 (1933)
= Tabernaemontana peninsularis (Kerr) P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 173 (1986)
= Tabernaemontana pubituba Merr.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 24: 87 (1938 publ. 1939)
= Tabernaemontana sumatrana (Miq.) Hallier f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 375 (1913)
= Tabernaemontana sumatrana Merr.; Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8: 139 (1934), nom. illeg.
= Tabernaemontana tsiangiana P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 171 (1986)
= Tabernaemontana yunnanensis (Tsiang) P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 171 (1986)
= Tabernaemontana yunnanensis var. heterosepala (Tsiang) P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 171 (1986)
species :
Tabernaemontana crassa Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 447 (1849)
Distribution: Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola
22 GHA IVO LBR NGA SIE TOG 23 BIO CAB CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Conopharyngia crassa (Benth.) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 144 (1902)
= Conopharyngia durissima (Stapf) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 143 (1902)
= Conopharyngia gentilii (De Wild.) De Wild.; Miss. Ém. Laurent 1: 539 (1907)
= Conopharyngia jollyana Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 144 (1902)
= Conopharyngia macrosiphon Schellenb.; Wiss. Ergebn. Zweit. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1910-11), Bot. 2: 62 (1922) (nomen)
= Conopharyngia smithii (Stapf) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 142 (1902)
= Conopharyngia thonneri (T.Durand & De Wild. ex Stapf) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 143 (1902)
= Gabunia dorotheae Wernham; J. Bot. 52: 25 (1914)
= Gabunia gentilii De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 1: 68 (1904)
= Sarcopharyngia crassa (Benth.) Boiteau & L.Allorge; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 1981(2): 214 (1981)
= Sarcopharyngia gentilii (De Wild.) Boiteau; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 1981(2): 233 (1981)
= Tabernaemontana durissima Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 24 (1894)
= Tabernaemontana jollyana Pierre ex Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 144 (1902)
= Tabernaemontana smithii Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1898: 305 (1898)
= Tabernaemontana thonneri T.Durand & De Wild. ex Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1898: 306 (1898)
species :
Tabernaemontana crassifolia Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 246 (1948)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pandaca crassifolia (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 33 (1970)
species :
Tabernaemontana cumata Leeuwenb.; Revis. Tabernaemontana 2(New World Sp. & Stemmadenia): 283 (1994)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Amazonas)
84 BRA
species :
Tabernaemontana cuspidata Rusby; Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 83 (1920)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas); Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Pando); N-Brazil (Amazonas, Rondônia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
82 CLM 83 BOL PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anacampta kuhlmannii Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 162, 179 (1938)
= Anacampta tenuicornuta Markgr.; Bradea 3(11): 77 (1980)
= Anartia cuspidata (Rusby) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 62 (1985)
= Woytkowskia kuhlmannii (Markgr.) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 121 (1985)
= Woytkowskia spermatochorda Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47: 74 (1960)
species :
Tabernaemontana cymosa Jacq.; Enum. Syst. Pl. 14 (1760)
Name: Borache, Coco Cochon, Wild Jasmine (Trinidad & Tobago)
Distribution: Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Córdoba, La Guajira, Magdalena, Nariño, Sucre, Valle); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Lara, Miranda, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Zulia); Guyana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Roraima, Acre)
81 TRT 82 CLM GUY VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Merizadenia arcuata (Ruiz & Pav.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 79 (1878)
= Peschiera arcuata (Ruiz & Pav.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 171 (1938)
= Peschiera buchtienii (H.J.P.Winkl.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 171 (1938)
= Peschiera concinna Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 44 (1878)
= Peschiera cymosa (Jacq.) Dugand; Caldasia 2: 299 (1943)
= Peschiera psychotriifolia (Kunth) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 42 (1878)
= Peschiera puberiflora Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 43 (1878)
= Peschiera umbrosa (Kunth) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 44 (1878)
= Taberna cymosa (Jacq.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 62 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana arcuata Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 22 (1799)
= Tabernaemontana buchtienii H.J.P.Winkl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 244 (1909)
= Tabernaemontana concinna (Miers) J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13: 5: 402 (1959)
= Tabernaemontana mapirensis Rusby; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 8: 115 (1912)
= Tabernaemontana psychotriifolia Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 227 (1819)
= Tabernaemontana psychotrioides G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 90 (1837) orth. var.
= Tabernaemontana umbrosa Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 226 (1819)
species :
Tabernaemontana debrayi (Markgr.) Leeuwenb.; J. Ethno-Pharmacol. 10: 10 (1984)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pandaca debrayi Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 30 (1970)
species :
Tabernaemontana dichotoma Roxb. ex Wall.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1273 (1829)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Cerbera dichotoma Lodd.; Bot. Cab. 16: t. 1516 (1829), nomen
= Ervatamia dichotoma (Roxb.) Burkill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 1935. 317, Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Mal. Penins. 1: 940 (1935),in obs.
= Pagiantha dichotoma (Roxb.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 546 (1935)
= Rejoua dichotoma (Roxb. ex Wall.) Gamble; Fl. Madras 812 (1923)
= Tabernaemontana laurifolia Ker Gawl.; Bot. Reg. 9: t. 716 (1823), sensu auct.
= Tanghinia dichotoma G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 3: 461 (1839)
species :
Tabernaemontana disticha A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 362 (1844)
Distribution: Colombia (Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Pará)
82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anacampta disticha (A.DC.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 162 (1938)
= Bonafousia disticha (A.DC.) Boiteau & L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130(4-5): 340 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Taberna disticha (A.DC.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 64 (1878)
species :
Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 427 (1819)
Name: Jazmin doble, Wild crepe jasmine, Pinwheelflower
Distribution: Benin [I]; Principe Isl. [I]; São Tomé [I]; Chad [I]; China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan); Taiwan; Pakistan [I]; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Andaman / Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Sumatra; Philippines [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (Atiu [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I]); Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Makatea Isl. [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Satawal [I], Truk [I], Dublon [I], Kapingamarangi [I], Pohnpei [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Kwajalein [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Mexico [I]; Belize [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (Guana [I], St. Croix [I], Virgin Gorda [I]); Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Guyana [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]
22 ben 23 pri sao 24 cha 36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND pak 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 phi SUM 60 fij nue nwc rot 61 coo sci tua 62 gum mic mrn mrs 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz cos hon nic pan 81 his jam pue trt vir 82 clm guy 83 bol ecu per
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia coronaria (Jacq.) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 127 (1902)
= Ervatamia divaricata (L.) Burkill; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 10(2): 320 (1925)
= Ervatamia divaricata var. plena (Roxb. ex Voigt) M.R.Almeida; Fl. Maharashtra 3A: 207 (2001)
= Ervatamia flabelliformis Tsiang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 248, pl. 32, f. 2 (1963)
= Ervatamia recurva (Roxb.) Lace; List Trees Shrubs Cl. Burma 91 (1912)
= Ervatamia siamensis (Warb. ex Pit.) Kerr; Fl. Siam 2: 447 (1939)
= Jasminum zeylanicum Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. t. 39 (1768)
= Kopsia cochinchinensis Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 415 (1891)
= Nerium coronarium Jacq.; Icon. Pl. Rar. [Jacquin] 1: t. 52 (1781)
= Nerium divaricatum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 209 (1753)
= Nyctanthes acuminata Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. 5 (1768)
= Reichardia grandiflora Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 32 (1818)
= Reichardia jasminoides Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 32 (1818)
= Taberna discolor (Sw.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 62 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana citrifolia Lunan; Hort. Jamaic. 2: 222 (1814)
= Tabernaemontana coronaria (Jacq.) Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 275 (1809)
= Tabernaemontana discolor Sw.; Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. [O.P.Swartz] 52 (1788)
= Tabernaemontana flabelliformis (Tsiang) P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 170 (1986)
= Tabernaemontana gratissima Lindl.; Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7(1): 55 (1830)
= Tabernaemontana indica Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 798 (1819), nom. illeg.
= Tabernaemontana lurida Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.; Observ. Bot. Descript. Pl. Nov. Herb. Van Heurckiani 2: 172 (1871)
= Tabernaemontana recurva Roxb. ex Lindl.; Bot. Reg. 13: t. 1084 (1827)
= Tabernaemontana siamensis Warb. ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1158 (1933)
= Testudipes recurva (Roxb.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 547 (1935)
= Vinca alba Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5, Art. 4: 28 (1790)
species :
Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii Rose ex J.D.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 18: 206 (1893)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Stemmadenia donnell-smithii (Rose ex Donn.Sm.) Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 369 (1928)
= Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii var. costaricensis Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 24: 397 (1897)
species :
Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 24 (1894)
Distribution: Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola
22 BEN NGA 23 BIO CAB CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Gabunia brachypoda (K.Schum.) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 137 (1902)
= Gabunia crispiflora (K.Schum.) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 139 (1902)
= Gabunia eglandulosa (Stapf) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 138 (1902)
= Gabunia eglandulosa var. macrocalyx Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 138 (1902)
= Gabunia latifolia Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 137 (1902)
= Gabunia longiflora Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 138 (1902)
= Gabunia macrocalyx (Stapf) Boiteau; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 1981(2): 224 (1981)
= Gabunia macrocarpa Boiteau; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 1981(2): 224 (1981)
= Tabernaemontana brachypoda K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 223 (1896)
= Tabernaemontana chartacea Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 253 (1948)
= Tabernaemontana crispiflora K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 148 (1895)
= Tabernaemontana latifolia (Stapf) Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 253 (1948)
species :
Tabernaemontana elegans Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 24 (1894)
Name: Toad Tree
Distribution: Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
24 SOM 25 KEN TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZIM 27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Conopharyngia elegans (Stapf) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 149 (1902)
= Leptopharyngia elegans (Stapf) Boiteau; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 16: 276 (1976)
species :
Tabernaemontana eubracteata (Woodson) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress; Taxon 59(3): 787 (2010)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Veracruz); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras
79 MEX 80 ELS GUA HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Stemmadenia eubracteata Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 368 (1928)
species :
Tabernaemontana eusepala A.DC.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 1: 579 (1901)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pandaca eusepala (A.DC.) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 32 (1970)
species :
Tabernaemontana eusepaloides (Markgr.) Leeuwenb.; J. Ethno-Pharmacol. 10(1): 13 (1984)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pandaca eusepaloides Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 30 (1970)
species :
Tabernaemontana flavicans Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 797 (1819)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Venezuela (Bolívar); Peru; Bolivia (Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro)
82 VEN 83 BOL PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anartia flavicans (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 82 (1878)
= Anartia glabrata Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 81 (1878)
= Anartia oblongifolia (A.DC.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 165 (1938)
= Anartia olivacea (Müll.Arg.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 165 (1938)
= Bonafousia latiflora Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 50 (1878)
= Bonafousia oblongifolia (A.DC.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 50 (1878)
= Bonafousia olivacea (Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 52 (1878)
= Peschiera latiflora Benth. ex Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 50 (1878)
= Taberna disparifolia Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 63 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana glabrata Mart. ex Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 81 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana laevigata Mart. ex Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 77 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana oblongifolia A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 368 (1844)
= Tabernaemontana olivacea Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 75 (1860)
species :
Tabernaemontana fragrans Jongkind; Candollea 77(1): 42 (2022)
Distribution: Guinea; Liberia; Ivory Coast; SW-Ghana
22 GHA GUI IVO LBR
species :
Tabernaemontana gamblei Subraman. & A.N.Henry; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12(1-4): 5 (1970 publ. 1972), nom. nov.
Distribution: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia caudata Gamble; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1921: 310 (1921) non Tabernaemontana caudata Merr., 1909
species :
Tabernaemontana glabra (Benth.) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 10(1): 31 (2016)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Venezuela; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz)
79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Bignonia obovata Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 439 (1841), nom. illeg.
= Stemmadenia calycina Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 188 (1922)
= Stemmadenia glabra Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 124 (1845)
= Stemmadenia mollis Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 125 (1845)
= Stemmadenia obovata (Hook. & Arn.) Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 149 (1895)
= Stemmadenia obovata var. mollis (Benth.) Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 358 (1928)
= Stemmadenia pubescens Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 125 (1845)
= Tabernaemontana odontadeniiflora A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress; Taxon 59: 787 (2010)
species :
Tabernaemontana glandulosa (Stapf) Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 253 (1948)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Nigeria; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Congo [Brazzaville]
22 GHA GUI IVO LBR NGA SIE 23 CMN CON EQG
Synonyms: hidden
= Gabunia glandulosa Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 138 (1902)
species :
Tabernaemontana grandiflora Jacq.; Enum. Syst. Pl. 14 (1760)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Zacatecas); Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Casanare, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Portuguesa, Tachira, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Roraima)
79 MEX 80 COS PAN 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Malouetia riparia (Kunth) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 380 (1844)
= Stemmadenia grandiflora (Jacq.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 75 (1878)
= Stemmadenia pauciflora Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 366 (1928)
= Stemmadenia pennellii Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 367 (1928)
= Tabernaemontana riparia Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 228 (1819)
species :
Tabernaemontana granulosa Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1144 (1933)
Distribution: C-Vietnam
41 VIE
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia granulosa (Pit.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
species :
Tabernaemontana hallei (Boiteau) Leeuwenb.; Revis. Tabernaemontana 1(Old World Species): 40 (1991)
Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon
23 CMN GAB
Conservation Status: IUCN VU (Cameroon)
Synonyms: hidden
= Gabunia hallei Boiteau; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 1981: 218 (1981)
species :
Tabernaemontana hannae (M.Méndez & J.F.Morales) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress; Taxon 59(3): 787 (2010)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Chiapas); Costa Rica
79 MEX 80 COS
Synonyms: hidden
= Stemmadenia hannae M.Méndez & J.F.Morales; Candollea 60(2): 354 (2005)
species :
Tabernaemontana heterophylla Vahl; Eclog. Amer. 2: 22 (1798)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Cauca, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Guaviare, Meta, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Santander, Valle, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Miranda, Tachira, Yaracuy); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Pando); N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia)
80 COS PAN 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Peschiera cuspidata Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 37 (1878)
= Peschiera diversifolia Miq.; Stirp. Surinam. Select. 164 (1851)
= Peschiera heterophylla (Vahl) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 38 (1878)
= Peschiera laevifructa L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130: 344 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Peschiera stenoloba (Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 38 (1878)
= Peschiera tenuiflora Poepp.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Poeppig & Endlicher] 3: 70 (1845)
= Stenosolen eggersii Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 177, 183 (1938)
= Stenosolen grandifolius Markgr.; Acta Bot. Venez. 10: 250 (1975)
= Stenosolen heterophyllus (Vahl) Markgr.; Fl. Suriname [Pulle] 4 (Meded. Afd. Trop. Prod. Kon. Ver. Indisch Inst. 30): 455 (1937), et in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 177 (1938)
= Stenosolen holothuria Markgr. ex A.H.Gentry; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61(3): 899 (1974)
= Stenosolen stenolobus (Müll.Arg.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 177 (1938)
= Tabernaemontana holothuria (Markgr.) Leeuwenb.; Agric. Univ. Wageningen Pap. 87(5): 12 (1987 publ. 1988)
= Tabernaemontana stenoloba Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 30: 407 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana tenuiflora (Poepp.) Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 76 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana urguiculata Rusby; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 324 (1927)
species :
Tabernaemontana humblotii (Baill.) Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 244 (1948)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Ochronerium humblotii Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 774 (1889), et Hist. des pl. 10: 199 (1888), K. Schum. in Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 175 (1895)
= Pandaca humblotii (Baill.) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 32 (1970)
= Pandaca speciosa Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 30 (1970)
species :
Tabernaemontana hystrix Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 658 (1841)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Peschiera fuchsiifolia (A.DC.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 34 (1878)
= Peschiera gaudichaudii (A.DC.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 40 (1878)
= Peschiera gracillima Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 41 (1878)
= Peschiera granulosa Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 37 (1878)
= Peschiera hystrix (Steud.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 360 (1844)
= Peschiera lundii (A.DC.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 36 (1878)
= Peschiera solandri Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 46 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana bracteolaris Mart. ex Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 83 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana collina Gardner; London J. Bot. 1: 178 (1842)
= Tabernaemontana echinata Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 3: 105, t. 17 (1825 publ. 1829)
= Tabernaemontana fuchsiifolia A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 365 (1844)
= Tabernaemontana gaudichaudii A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 365 (1844)
= Tabernaemontana gracilis Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 82 (1860), nom. illeg.
= Tabernaemontana gracillima (Miers) Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 237 (1948)
= Tabernaemontana lundii A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 365 (1844)
species :
Tabernaemontana inconspicua Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 120 (1894)
Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola
23 CMN CON GAB ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pterotaberna inconspicua (Stapf) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 126 (1902)
= Tabernaemontana trialata Pierre ex Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 126 (1902)
species :
Tabernaemontana laeta Mart.; Flora 20(2. Beibl.): 98 (1837)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Brasilia Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Peschiera brevifolia (Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 45 (1878)
= Peschiera florida Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 41 (1878)
= Peschiera laeta (Mart.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 35 (1878)
= Peschiera spixiana (Mart. ex Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 36 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana breviflora Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 79 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana laeta var. densa Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 80 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana laeta var. minor Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 80 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana laeta var. pubiflora Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 79 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana spixiana Mart. ex Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 78 (1860)
species :
Tabernaemontana lagenaria Leeuwenb.; Revis. Tabernaemontana 2(New World Sp. & Stemmadenia): 315 (1994)
Distribution: French Guiana; Peru; N-Brazil (Amazonas, Acre)
82 FRG 83 PER 84 BRA
species :
Tabernaemontana laurifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 210 (1753)
Distribution: Cayman Isl.; Jamaica
81 CAY JAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Taberna laurina Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 63 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana frutescens Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 57 (1878)
species :
Tabernaemontana leeuwenbergiana J.F.Morales; Novon 9(2): 238 (1999)
Distribution: Colombia (Nariño)
82 CLM
species :
Tabernaemontana letestui (Pellegr.) Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 250 (1948)
Distribution: Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]
23 CON GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Protogabunia letestui (Pellegr.) Boiteau; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 16(2): 276 (1976)
= Gabunia le-testui Pellegr.; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 31: 467 (1925)
= Protogabunia latifolia Boiteau; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 16(2): 278 (1976)
species :
Tabernaemontana linkii A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 364 (1844)
Distribution: Surinam; French Guiana; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amapa, Pará, Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Maranhao)
82 FRG SUR 83 BOL PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Peschiera benthamiana (Müll.Arg.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 171 (1938)
= Peschiera benthamiana var. myriantha (Britton ex Rusby) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 154 (1985)
= Peschiera benthamiana var. stenantha (Markgr.) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 154 (1985)
= Peschiera linkii (A.DC.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 47 (1878)
= Peschiera myriantha (Britton ex Rusby) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 171 (1938)
= Peschiera ochracea Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 42 (1878)
= Peschiera stenantha (Markgr.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 171 (1938)
= Tabernaemontana benthamiana Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 80 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana benthamiana var. myriantha (Britton ex Rusby) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 154 (1985)
= Tabernaemontana benthamiana var. stenantha (Markgr.) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 154 (1985)
= Tabernaemontana multiflora Link ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 431 (1819), nom. illeg.
= Tabernaemontana myriantha Britton ex Rusby; Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 84 (1920)
= Tabernaemontana stenantha Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 1037 (1930)
species :
Tabernaemontana litoralis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 228 (1819)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Cuba [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Colombia (Antioquia, Quindío, Valle)
79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC 81 cub his 82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Echites bignoniiflorus Schltdl.; Linnaea 26: 372 (1854)
= Odontostigma galeottianum A.Rich.; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 87 (1850)
= Peschiera litoralis (Kunth) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 45 (1878)
= Stemmadenia bella Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 77 (1878)
= Stemmadenia bignoniiflora (Schltdl.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 77 (1878)
= Stemmadenia galeottiana (A.Rich.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 76 (1878)
= Stemmadenia greenmanii Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 360 (1928)
= Stemmadenia insignis Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 76 (1878)
= Stemmadenia litoralis (Kunth) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 48 (1985)
= Stemmadenia macrophylla Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 35: 310 (1900)
= Tabernaemontana laurifolia Schott ex Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 76 (1878)
species :
Tabernaemontana longipes Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 24: 397 (1897)
Distribution: Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Caquetá, Chocó, Santander, Valle); Ecuador
80 COS NIC PAN 82 CLM 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Tabernaemontana chrysocarpa var. costaricensis (Markgr.) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 20 (1985)
= Tabernaemontana costaricensis Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 169, 183 (1938)
= Tabernaemontana gentriana L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130(4-5): 343 (1984)
= Tabernaemontana pendula Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 331 (1940)
species :
Tabernaemontana lorifera (Miers) Leeuwenb.; Revis. Tabernaemontana 2(New World Sp. & Stemmadenia): 330 (1994)
Distribution: Guyana; Surinam; N-Brazil (Pará)
82 GUY SUR 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Bonafousia lorifera (Miers) Boiteau & L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130(4-5): 340 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Peschiera lorifera Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 47 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana bicolor Klotzsch; Reis. Guiana & Orinoko 952 (1841), nomen
species :
Tabernaemontana macrocalyx Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 30: 403 (1859 publ. 1860)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Caquetá, Guainía, Putumayo, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz); N-Brazil (Roraima, Amapa, Amazonas, Acre)
82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anacampta macrocalyx (Müll.Arg.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 163 (1938)
= Anacampta muelleriana (Mart. ex Müll.Arg.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 163 (1938)
= Bonafousia macrocalyx (Müll.Arg.) Boiteau & L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 97 (1985)
= Bonafousia morettii L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130(4-5): 341 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Bonafousia muelleriana (C.Mart. ex Müll.Arg.) Boiteau & L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130(4-5): 340 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Codonemma calycinum Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 78 (1878)
= Codonemma macrocalyx (Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 78 (1878)
= Odontadenia macrocalyx (Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 128 (1878)
= Quadricasaea caquetensis Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 272 (1941)
= Quadricasaea inaequilateralis Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 272 (1941)
= Tabernaemontana inaequilateralis (Woodson) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 1: 148 (1951)
= Tabernaemontana muelleriana Mart. ex Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 81 (1860)
species :
Tabernaemontana macrocarpa Jack; Malayan Misc. 2(7): 80 (1822)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Johor, Perak); Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Polillo, Basilan, Mindanao)
41 THA 42 BOR BRN MLY PHI PLW SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia macrocarpa (Jack) Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 33: 246 (1952)
= Ervatamia plumeriifolia (Elmer) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
= Neuburgia sumatrana (Miq.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. [Boerlage] 2: 392 (1899)
= Orchipeda sumatrana Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 553 (1861)
= Pagiantha macrocarpa (Jack) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 546 (1935)
= Pagiantha megacarpa (Merr.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 546 (1935)
= Pagiantha plumeriifolia (Elmer) Markgr.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 29 (1950)
= Tabernaemontana megacarpa Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 4: 318 (1909)
= Tabernaemontana plumeriifolia (Elmer) Merr.; Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 3: 326 (1923)
= Voacanga plumeriifolia Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 1: 333 (1908)
species :
Tabernaemontana markgrafiana J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13: 5: 406 (1959)
Distribution: Panama; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Caldas, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Nariño, Santander, Valle); Ecuador; Peru; N-Brazil (Amazonas, Acre)
80 PAN 82 CLM 83 ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Bonafousia longituba Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 166, 180 (1938)
species :
Tabernaemontana maxima Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 1036 (1930)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Santander, Valle, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas); Ecuador; N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM VEN 83 ECU 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anacampta maxima (Markgr.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 162 (1938)
= Bonafousia maxima (Markgr.) Boiteau & L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130: 340 (1983 publ. 1984)
species :
Tabernaemontana mixtecana L.O.Alvarado & Juárez-Jaimes; Revista Mex. Biodivers. 83(2): 336 (2012)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
species :
Tabernaemontana mocquerysii A.DC.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 1: 579 (1901)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pandaca boiteaui Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 12(2): 218 (1972)
= Pandaca mocquerysii (Aug.DC.) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 33 (1970)
= Pandaca mocquerysii var. lancifolia Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 12: 218 (1972)
= Pandaca mocquerysii var. parvifolia (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 12: 218 (1972)
= Pandaca mocquerysii var. pendula Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 12: 218 (1972)
= Pandaca parvifolia (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 33 (1970)
= Pandaca verrucosa Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 32 (1970)
= Tabernaemontana parvifolia Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 245 (1948)
species :
Tabernaemontana muricata Link ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 431 (1819)
Distribution: Ecuador; N-Brazil (Amazonas, Acre)
83 ECU 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anacampta rigida (Miers) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 163 (1938)
= Bonafousia muricata (Link ex Roem. & Schult.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 166 (1938)
= Peschiera muricata (Link ex Roem. & Schult.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 361 (1844)
= Phrissocarpus rigidus Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 72 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana macrophylla Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 75 (1860), nom. illeg.
= Tabernaemontana rigida (Miers) Leeuwenb.; Alkaloids: Chem. & Biol. Perspec. 1: 339 (1983), without basionym ref.:
species :
Tabernaemontana oaxacana (L.O.Alvarado) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress; Taxon 59(3): 787 (2010)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Stemmadenia oaxacana L.O.Alvarado; Candollea 62(2): 190 (2007)
species :
Tabernaemontana ochoterenae L.O.Alvarado & S.Islas; Phytotaxa 388(1): 32 (2019)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Colima, Guerrero, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa)
79 MEX
species :
Tabernaemontana ochroleuca Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 6: 34 (1909)
Distribution: Jamaica
81 JAM
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Tabernaemontana odoratissima (Stapf) Leeuwenb.; Revis. Tabernaemontana 1(Old World Species): 49 (1991)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Uganda; Tanzania
23 RWA ZAI 25 TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gabunia odoratissima Stapf; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 526 (1906)
species :
Tabernaemontana oppositifolia (Spreng.) Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 4: 493 (1910)
Distribution: Puerto Rico; ?Trinidad
81 PUE
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Rauvolfia oppositifolia Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. [Sprengel] 3: 33 (1822)
= Tabernaemontana berteroi A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 367 (1844), nom. illeg.
species :
Tabernaemontana ovalifolia Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5: 462 (1908)
Distribution: Jamaica
81 JAM
Conservation Status: IUCN E
species :
Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 22 (1894)
Distribution: Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; São Tomé; Gabon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi
22 BEN GHA NGA TOG 23 CAF CMN GAB SAO ZAI 24 SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Conopharyngia angolensis (Stapf) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 146 (1902)
= Conopharyngia cumminsii Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 145 (1902)
= Conopharyngia holstii (K.Schum.) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 146 (1902)
= Conopharyngia pachysiphon (Stapf) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 146 (1902)
= Sarcopharyngia angolensis (Stapf) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 180 (1985)
= Tabernaemontana angolensis Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 23 (1894)
= Tabernaemontana holstii K.Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 317 (1895)
= Tabernaemontana pachysiphon var. cumminsii (Stapf) H.Huber; Kew Bull. 15: 438 (1962)
= Voacanga dichotoma K.Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 317 (1895)
species :
Tabernaemontana palustris Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 297.(1935)
Distribution: Colombia (Guainía, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas); N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anacampta palustris (Markgr.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 163 (1938)
= Bonafousia palustris (Markgr.) Boiteau & L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130(4-5): 340 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Bonafousia rimulosa (Woodson) Boiteau & L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130(4-5): 340 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Tabernaemontana rimulosa Woodson; Bot. Mus. Leafl. 18: 179 (1958)
= Tabernaemontana tenuis Monach.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 10(4): 64 (1961)
species :
Tabernaemontana panamensis (Markgr., Boiteau & L.Allorge) Leeuwenb.; Meded. Landbouwhoogeschool Wageningen 83(7): 60 (1983 publ. 1984)
Distribution: Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó, Nariño, Valle); Ecuador
80 PAN 82 CLM 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Bonafousia panamensis Markgr., Boiteau & L.Allorge; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68(4): 677 (1981 publ. 1982)
species :
Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 2: 299 (1792)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Yunnan); Taiwan; Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Perak); Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas (Ambon); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, E-Queensland, N-Western Australia); New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Isl., Lifou, Mare); Vanuatu; Tonga (Tongatapu, ´Eua, Vava´u, Niuatoputapu); Fiji; American Samoa (Tutuila, Ofu, Olosega); [Western] Samoa (Savai´i, ´Upolu); Society Isl.; Society Isl. (Tahiti); Tuamotu Arch.; Northern Marianas (Rota, Saipan); Guam; Panama [I]; Saba [I]; St. Lucia [I]; Barbados [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; French Guiana [I]
36 CHI 38 TAI 41 THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 ASA FIJ NWC SAM TON VAN 61 SCI TUA 62 GUM MRN 80 pan 81 bbd sab stl trt 82 frg
Synonyms: hidden
= Anartia recurva Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 80 (1878)
= Ervatamia angustisepala (Benth.) Domin; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 98 (1913)
= Ervatamia benthamiana Domin; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 97 (1913)
= Ervatamia biflora (Elmer) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
= Ervatamia brachybotrys (Merr.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
= Ervatamia calcicola Kerr; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 87 (1937)
= Ervatamia capsicoides (Merr.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
= Ervatamia cumingiana (A.DC.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 547 (1935)
= Ervatamia daemeliana Domin; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 97 (1913)
= Ervatamia decaisnei (A.DC.) Markgr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 200 (1927)
= Ervatamia ecarinata (Merr.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
= Ervatamia eriophora Markgr.; Nova Guinea 14: 286 (1925)
= Ervatamia floribunda (Blume) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
= Ervatamia floribunda var. villosiuscula Bakh.f.; Bekn. Fl. Java 7(121): 21 (1948)
= Ervatamia hexagona (Merr.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
= Ervatamia lifuana Boiteau & L.Allorge; Fl. Nouv.-Calédonie & Dépend. 10: 240 (1981)
= Ervatamia linearifolia (Merr.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 548 (1935)
= Ervatamia merrilliana Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 548 (1935)
= Ervatamia mindorensis (Merr.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 548 (1935)
= Ervatamia montensis S.Moore; J. Bot. 61: Suppl. 32 (1923)
= Ervatamia mucronata (Merr.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12(115): 548 (1935)
= Ervatamia obtusiuscula Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 547, 551 (1935)
= Ervatamia oligantha (Merr.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
= Ervatamia orientalis (R.Br.) Domin; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 97 (1913)
= Ervatamia pandacaqui (Lam.) Pichon; Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1949)
= Ervatamia parviflora (Decne.) Meijer Drees; Commun. Forest Res. Inst. 33: 36 (1951)
= Ervatamia polygama (Blanco) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 548 (1935)
= Ervatamia puberula Tsiang & P.T.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11(4): 371, t. 46 (1973)
= Ervatamia pubescens (R.Br.) Domin; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 96 (1913). in obs.
= Ervatamia pubescens subvar. lancifolia (Markgr.) Markgr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 199 (1927)
= Ervatamia pubescens var. barbatocalyx (Markgr.) Markgr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 199 (1927)
= Ervatamia pubescens var. glaberrima Bakh.f.; Blumea 6: 386 (1950)
= Ervatamia pubescens var. grandiflora Domin; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 96 (1913)
= Ervatamia pubescens var. punctulata (Warb.) Markgr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 199 (1927)
= Ervatamia pubescens var. superba Domin; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 97 (1913)
= Ervatamia punctulata (Warb.) Markgr.; Nova Guinea 14: 285 (1925)
= Ervatamia punctulata var. barbatocalyx Markgr.; Nova Guinea 14(2): 286 (1926)
= Ervatamia subglobosa (Merr.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
= Pagiantha oligantha (Merr.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 546 (1935)
= Pagiantha pandacaqui (Lam.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12(115): 546 (1935)
= Pagiantha subglobosa (Merr.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 547 (1935)
= Rejoua pacifica (Seem.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 546 (1935)
= Tabernaemontana arborescens E.P.Perrier; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 3: 147 (1824)
= Tabernaemontana biflora Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4: 1463 (1912)
= Tabernaemontana brachybotrys Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 29: 483 (1926)
= Tabernaemontana capsicoides Merr.; Interpr. Herb. Amboin. 428 (1917)
= Tabernaemontana caudata Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 4: 316 (1909)
= Tabernaemontana cerniflora Zipp. ex Span.; Linnaea 15: 325 (1841), nom. inval.
= Tabernaemontana citrifolia G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 20 (1786), nom. illeg.
= Tabernaemontana congestiflora Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4: 1464 (1912)
= Tabernaemontana cumingiana A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 373 (1844)
= Tabernaemontana decaisnei A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 369 (1844)
= Tabernaemontana decaisnei var. petiolata A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 369 (1844)
= Tabernaemontana diclinis K.Schum. & Lauterb.; Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 503 (1900)
= Tabernaemontana ebracteata R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 468 (1810)
= Tabernaemontana ecarinata Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 14: 450 (1919)
= Tabernaemontana floribunda Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1028 (1826)
= Tabernaemontana guangdongensis P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 169 (1986)(nom. nov.)
= Tabernaemontana hexagona Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 10: 66 (1915)
= Tabernaemontana indica Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 2: 301 (1792)
= Tabernaemontana laurifolia Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 114 (1837), nom. illeg.
= Tabernaemontana laxiflora Teijsm. & Binn.; Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 25: 403 (1863)
= Tabernaemontana linearifolia Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 4: 317 (1909)
= Tabernaemontana mindanaensis Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 10: 67 (1915)
= Tabernaemontana mindorensis Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 20: 434 (1922)
= Tabernaemontana mollis Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 199 (1837)
= Tabernaemontana mucronata Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 4(3): 318-319 (1909)
= Tabernaemontana multiflora Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 35: 11 (1817)
= Tabernaemontana oligantha Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 10: 68 (1915)
= Tabernaemontana orientalis R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 468 (1810)
= Tabernaemontana orientalis var. angustifolia Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 4: 311 (1869)
= Tabernaemontana orientalis var. angustisepala Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 4: 311 (1869)
= Tabernaemontana orientalis var. grandifolia Valeton; Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 10: 48 (1907)
= Tabernaemontana parviflora Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 379 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Tabernaemontana polygama Blanco; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 [Blanco] 82 (1845)
= Tabernaemontana puberula Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 4: 319 (1909)
= Tabernaemontana pubescens R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 468 (1810)
= Tabernaemontana pubescens Teijsm. & Binn.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Teijsmann & Binnendijk] 125 (1866), nom. inval.
= Tabernaemontana punctulata Warb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 406 (1891)
= Tabernaemontana riedeliana Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 139 (1869)
= Tabernaemontana semperflorens E.P.Perrier; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 3: 147 (1824)
= Tabernaemontana subglobosa Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 7(4): 242-243 (1912)
= Tabernaemontana thailandensis P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 172-173 (1986)
= Tabernaemontana vitiensis Seem.; Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 257 (1861)
species :
Tabernaemontana pauciflora Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1028 (1826)
Distribution: Myanmar (Taninthayi, Bago, Mon); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (widespread); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Java
41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW MLY SNG SUM
Conservation Status: vulnerable (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia blumeana Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 547 (1935)
= Ervatamia blumeana var. macropetala Bakh.f.; Blumea 6: 385 (1950)
= Ervatamia calycina (Wall.) Lace; List Trees Shrubs Cl. Burma 91 (1913)
= Ervatamia dinhensis (Pit.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 219 (1948)
= Ervatamia harmandiana (Pierre ex Pit.) Kerr; Fl. Siam 2: 445 (1939)
= Ervatamia malaccensis (Hook.f.) King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74(2): 452 (1908)
= Ervatamia membranifolia (Kurz) Lace; List Trees Shrubs Cl. Burma 91 (1913)
= Ervatamia polysperma (Merr.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
= Ervatamia sralensis (Pierre ex Pit.) Kerr; Fl. Siam 2: 447 (1939)
= Tabernaemontana calycina Wall.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1273 (1829)
= Tabernaemontana dinhensis Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1151 (1933)
= Tabernaemontana harmandiana Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1152 (1933)
= Tabernaemontana malaccensis Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 649 (1882)
= Tabernaemontana membranifolia Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 42(2): 90 (1873)
= Tabernaemontana polysperma Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 531 (1922)
= Tabernaemontana rhynchophylla Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 422 (1857)
= Tabernaemontana sralensis Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1156 (1933)
species :
Tabernaemontana pauli (Leeuwenb.) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress; Taxon 59(3): 787 (2010)
Distribution: Costa Rica
80 COS
Synonyms: hidden
= Stemmadenia paulii Leeuwenb.; Revis. Tabernaemontana 2(New World Sp. & Stemmadenia): 428 (1994)
species :
Tabernaemontana peduncularis Wall.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1273 (1829)
Distribution: Myanmar (Mon, Taninthayi, Mandalay); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (widespread)
41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia graciliflora (Wall.) Lace; List Trees Shrubs Cl. Burma 91 (1912)
= Ervatamia langbianensis Lý; Feddes Repert. 96: 181 (1985)
= Ervatamia peduncularis (Wall.) King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74(2): 451 (1908)
= Ervatamia repeunsis Pierre ex Spire; Caoutchouc Indo-Chine 141 (1906)
= Tabernaemontana collignonae Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.; Observ. Bot. Descript. Pl. Nov. Herb. Van Heurckiani 2: 170 (1871)
= Tabernaemontana graciliflora Wall.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1273 (1829)
= Tabernaemontana langbianensis (Lý) Lý; Fl. Vietnam 5: 144 (2007)
= Tabernaemontana repoevensis Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1149 (1933)
species :
Tabernaemontana penduliflora K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 225 (1896)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan
22 NGA 23 CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI 24 SSU
Synonyms: hidden
= Camerunia penduliflora (K.Schum.) Boiteau; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 16(2): 274 (1976)
= Conopharyngia penduliflora (K.Schum.) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 149 (1902)
species :
Tabernaemontana persicariifolia Jacq.; Collectanea [Jacquin] 4: 139 (1791)
Distribution: Mauritius; La Réunion; Seychelles [I]
29 MAU REU sey
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Conopharyngia mauritiana (Poir.) R.E.Vaughan; Mauritius Inst. Bull. 1(1): 59 (1937)
= Conopharyngia persicariifolia (Jacq.) R.E.Vaughan; Mauritius Inst. Bull. 1(1): 59 (1937)
= Oistanthera telfairiana (Wall.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 547 (1935)
= Pagiantha mauritiana (Poir.) Markgr.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 29 (1950)
= Pagiantha persicariifolia (Jacq.) Markgr.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 29 (1950)
= Pandaca mauritiana (Poir.) Markgr. & Boiteau; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 13(2): 244 (1973)
= Pandaca persicariifolia (Jacq.) Markgr. & Boiteau; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 13: 247 (1973)
= Tabernaemontana borbonica Lam. ex Cordem.; Fl. Réunion [Cordemoy] 482 (1895)
= Tabernaemontana mauritiana Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 7: 530 (1806)
= Tabernaemontana micrantha A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 370 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Tabernaemontana nervosa Desf. ex Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 5: 275 (1817)
= Tabernaemontana parviflora Bojer; Hortus Maurit. 209 (1837), nom. inval.
= Tabernaemontana telfairiana Wall.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1273 (1829)
species :
Tabernaemontana peschiera M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2025(2): 2 (2025), nom. nov.
Distribution: Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas)
82 FRG GUY SUR 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Bonafousia albiflora (Miq.) Boiteau & L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130(4-5): 339 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Echites albiflorus (Miq.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 204 (1878)
= Peschiera albiflora Miq.; Stirp. Surinam. Select. 165 (1851)
= Taberna albiflora (Miq.) Markgr.; Fl. Suriname [Pulle] 4 (Meded. Afd. Trop. Prod. Kon. Ver. Indisch Inst. 30): 455 (1937)
= Tabernaemontana albiflora (Miq.) Pulle; Enum. Vasc. Pl. Surinam 382 (1906), nom. illeg.
species :
Tabernaemontana phymata Leeuwenb.; Revis. Tabernaemontana 1(Old World Species): 102 (1991)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Tabernaemontana polyneura (King & Gamble) D.J.Middleton; Taxon 55(2): 503 (2006)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan, Perak, Selangor, Melaka, Pahang, Johor)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia polyneura King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): 454 (1908)
= Ervatamia coriacea Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 29 (1912)
species :
Tabernaemontana prancei (L.Allorge) Leeuwenb.; Agric. Univ. Wageningen Pap. 87(5): 22 (1987 publ. 1988)
Distribution: Bolivia
83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Bonafousia prancei L.Allorge; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 130(4-5): 342 (1983 publ. 1984)
species :
Tabernaemontana psorocarpa (Pierre ex Stapf) Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 253 (1948)
Distribution: SE-Nigeria; SW-Cameroon; Gabon
22 NGA 23 CMN GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Gabunia psorocarpa Pierre ex Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 137 (1902)
species :
Tabernaemontana remota Leeuwenb.; Revis. Tabernaemontana 1(Old World Species): 191 (1991)
Distribution: Sulawesi; New Guinea (Louisiade Arch.)
42 NWG SUL
species :
Tabernaemontana retusa (Lam.) Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 243 (1948)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Conopharyngia retusa (Lam.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 95 (1837)
= Pandaca retusa (Lam.) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 32 (1970)
= Plumeria retusa Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 542 (1788)
= Tabernaemontana noronhiana Bojer ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 370 (1844)
species :
Tabernaemontana riverae L.O.Alvarado & V.Saynes; Phytotaxa 333(2): 275 (2018)
Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco)
79 MEX
species :
Tabernaemontana robinsonii (Woodson) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress; Taxon 59(3): 787 (2010)
Distribution: Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Cauca, Chocó, La Guajira, Valle)
80 COS NIC PAN 82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Stemmadenia lagunae Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 364 (1942)
= Stemmadenia macrantha Standl.; Trop. Woods, No. 16: 11 (1928), et in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Chicago,Bot., Ser. 4: 253 (1929)
= Stemmadenia minima A.H.Gentry; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 64(2): 322 (1977 publ. 1978)
= Stemmadenia robinsonii Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 369 (1928)
species :
Tabernaemontana rostrata Wall.; Bot. Reg. sub t. 1273, Cat. n. 1578 (1829)
Distribution: Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar (Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (widespread); Sumatra; Borneo; Philippines
40 BAN 41 AND LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR MLY PHI SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia calyculata Markgr.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 27 (1950)
= Ervatamia corymbosa var. kelsallii King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74(2): 449 (1907)
= Ervatamia curtisii King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74(2): 453 (1908)
= Ervatamia cylindrocarpa King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): 452 (1908)
= Ervatamia evrardii (Pit.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
= Ervatamia garcinifolia (Pierre ex Pit.) Kerr; Fl. Siam 2: 444 (1939)
= Ervatamia pitardii (Gagnep.) Kerr; Fl. Siam 2: 447 (1939)
= Ervatamia rostrata (Wall.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 547 (1935)
= Tabernaemontana cylindrocarpa (King & Gamble) Merr.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 107 (1934 publ. 1935)
= Tabernaemontana evrardii Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1157 (1933)
= Tabernaemontana garciniifolia Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1144 (1933)
= Tabernaemontana micrantha Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 527 (1845)
= Tabernaemontana parviflora Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 25 (1832)
= Tabernaemontana pitardii Gagnep.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1143 (1933)
species :
Tabernaemontana rotensis (Kaneh.) B.C.Stone; Micronesica 2: 48 (1965)
Distribution: Northern Marianas (Rota); Guam
62 GUM MRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia rotensis Kaneh.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 600 (1936)
= Tabernaemontana rotensis (Kaneh.) P.T.Li; Guihaia 6(3): 172 (1986)
species :
Tabernaemontana rupicola Benth.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 3: 243 (1841)
Distribution: Colombia (Guainía); Venezuela (Amazonas); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas, Rondônia)
82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anacampta rupicola (Benth.) Markgr.; Fl. Suriname [Pulle] 4 (Meded. Afd. Trop. Prod. Kon. Ver. Indisch Inst. 30): 452 (1937)
= Bonafousia polyneura Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 53 (1878)
= Bonafousia rariflora Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 53 (1878)
= Bonafousia rupicola (Benth.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 52 (1878)
= Bonafousia rupicola var. versicolor (Woodson) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 104 (1985)
= Tabernaemontana rupicola var. oblongifolia Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 75 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana rupicola var. poeppigii Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 74 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana rupicola var. sprucei Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 75 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana sessilifolia Klotzsch; Reis. Guiana & Orinoko 952 (1841), nomen
= Tabernaemontana versicolor Woodson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 559 (1948)
species :
Tabernaemontana salomonensis (Markgr.) Leeuwenb.; Revis. Tabernaemontana 1(Old World Species): 193 (1991)
Distribution: Solomon Isl.
43 SOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Pagiantha koroana var. salomonensis Markgr.; Gard. Bull. Singapore 22: 28 (1967)
species :
Tabernaemontana salzmannii A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 362 (1844)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas); SE-Brazil (Espirito Santo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Peschiera salzmannii (A.DC.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 40 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana rauvolfiae A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 364 (1844)
= Tabernaemontana salzmannii var. lanceolata Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 78 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana salzmannii var. longifolia Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 78 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana salzmannii var. rauvolfiae (A.DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 198 (1898)
species :
Tabernaemontana sambiranensis Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 246 (1948)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pandaca sambiranensis (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 32 (1970)
species :
Tabernaemontana sananho Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 22, t. 144 (1799)
Distribution: Panama; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Boyacá, Caquetá, Guaviare, Meta, Putumayo, Sucre); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia)
80 PAN 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Bonafousia sananho (Ruiz & Pav.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 166 (1938)
= Merizadenia sananho (Ruiz & Pav.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 78 (1878)
= Taberna poeppigii (Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 63 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana poeppigii Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 30: 405 (1859 publ. 1860)
species :
Tabernaemontana sessilifolia Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 205 (1884)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Muntafara sessilifolia (Baker) Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 209 (1948)
= Pagiantha sessilifolia (Baker) Markgr.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 29 (1950)
species :
Tabernaemontana simulans (J.F.Morales & Q.Jiménez) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress; Taxon 59(3): 787 (2010)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama
80 COS PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Stemmadenia simulans J.F.Morales & Q.Jiménez; Novon 9(2): 236 (1999)
species :
Tabernaemontana siphilitica (L.f.) Leeuwenb.; Alkaloids: Chem. & Biol. Perspec. 1: 339 (1983)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Amazonas, Arauca, Bolívar, Boyacá, Casanare, Chocó, Guaviare, Meta, Putumayo, Santander, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Barinas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando); N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas, Tocantins, Acre); NE-Brazil (Maranhao); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul)
80 COS PAN 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anacampta echinata (Aubl.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 163 (1938)
= Anacampta hirtula (C.Mart. ex Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 67 (1878)
= Anacampta longifolia (Benth.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 66 (1878)
= Bonafousia guyanensis (Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 51 (1878)
= Bonafousia hirtula (C.Mart. ex Müll.Arg.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 166 (1938)
= Bonafousia juruana (K.Schum. ex Ule) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 167, 181 (1938), cum descr.
= Bonafousia killipii (Woodson) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 167 (1938)
= Bonafousia siphilitica (L.f.) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 114 (1985)
= Bonafousia siphilitica var. hirtula (Mart. ex Müll.Arg.) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 119 (1985)
= Bonafousia siphilitica var. juruana (K.Schum. ex Markgr.) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 119 (1985)
= Bonafousia speciosa (Poir.) Boiteau; Phytologia 31(3): 247 (1975)
= Bonafousia tessmannii Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 167, 182 (1938)
= Bonafousia tetrastachya (Kunth) Markgr.; Meded. Afd. Handelsmus. Kolon. Inst. 30: 454 (1937)
= Echites siphiliticus L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 167 (1782)
= Malouetia tetrastachya (Kunth) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 92 (1878)
= Mesechites syphilitica (L.f.) Lemée; Fl. Guyane Franç. 3: 326 (1954)
= Tabernaemontana cuyabensis Malme; Ark. Bot. 21A(6): 11 (1927)
= Tabernaemontana duckei Huber; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 6: 199 (1914 publ. 1915)
= Tabernaemontana echinata Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 263 (1775), nom. rej.
= Peschiera echinata (Aubl.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 360 (1844)
= Tabernaemontana guianensis Miq.; Linnaea 18: 754 (1845)
= Tabernaemontana guyanensis Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 30: 404 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana hirtula Mart. ex Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 73 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana hirtula var. maynensis Huber; Bol. Mus. Goeldi Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 4: 600 (1906)
= Tabernaemontana juruana (Markgr.) K.Schum. ex J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(5): 405 (1959)
= Tabernaemontana killipii Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 18: 541 (1931)
= Tabernaemontana longifolia Benth.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 3: 243 (1841)
= Tabernaemontana repanda E.Mey.; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 12: 784 (1824)
= Tabernaemontana speciosa Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 5: 275 (1817)
= Tabernaemontana tessmannii (Markgr.) J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13: 5: 41O (1959)
= Tabernaemontana tetrastachya Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 227 (1819)
species :
Tabernaemontana solanifolia A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 365 (1844)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Peschiera affinis var. campestris Rizzini; Simposio Sobre Cerrado 165 (1963)
= Peschiera campestris (Rizzini) Rizzini; Rodriguésia 32(52): 29 (1980)
= Peschiera fallax (Müll.Arg.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 40 (1878)
= Peschiera solanifolia (A.DC.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 46 (1878)
= Peschiera solanifolia var. fallax (Müll.Arg.) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 138 (1985)
= Tabernaemontana accedens Müll.Arg.; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 10: 107 (1869)
= Tabernaemontana affinis var. campestris Rizzini; Simposio Sobre Cerrado 165 (1963)
= Tabernaemontana fallax Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 84 (1860)
= Tabernaemontana nervosa Glaziou; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 3: 453 (1910), nom. illeg.
= Tabernaemontana warmingii Müll.Arg.; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 10: 107 (1869)
species :
Tabernaemontana sphaerocarpa Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1028 (1826)
Distribution: Sumatra; Sulawesi; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas
42 JAW LSI MOL SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia sphaerocarpa (Blume) Burkill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 317, Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Mal. Penins. 1: 940 (1935),in obs. (1935)
= Pagiantha fagraeoides (Miq.) Markgr.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 29 (1950)
= Pagiantha sphaerocarpa (Blume) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 546 (1935)
= Tabernaemontana fagraeoides Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 420 (1857)
= Tabernaemontana javanica Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 422 (1857)
species :
Tabernaemontana stapfiana Britten; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 4: 25 (1894)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 BUR RWA ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Conopharyngia bequaertii De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 1: 397 (1922)
= Conopharyngia johnstonii Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 147 (1902)
= Conopharyngia stapfiana (Britten) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 147 (1902)
= Sarcopharyngia stapfiana (Britten) Boiteau; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 1981: 233 (1981)
= Tabernaemontana johnstonii (Stapf) Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 251 (1948)
species :
Tabernaemontana stellata Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 248 (1948)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pandaca stellata (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 33 (1970)
species :
Tabernaemontana stenoptera (Leeuwenb.) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress; Taxon 59(3): 788 (2010)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Stemmadenia stenoptera Leeuwenb.; Revis. Tabernaemontana 2(New World Sp. & Stemmadenia): 432 (1994)
species :
Tabernaemontana stenosiphon Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 23 (1895)
Distribution: Principe Isl.; São Tomé
23 PRI SAO
Synonyms: hidden
= Conopharyngia stenosiphon (Stapf) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 147 (1902)
species :
Tabernaemontana ternifolia D.J.Middleton; Harvard Pap. Bot. 9(2): 387 (2005)
Distribution: Palawan
42 PLW
species :
Tabernaemontana thurstonii Horne ex Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 368 (1884)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
Synonyms: hidden
= Ervatamia thurstonii (Horne ex Baker) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948)
= Pagiantha koroana Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 549 (1935)
= Pagiantha thurstonii (Horne ex Baker) A.C.Sm.; J. Arnold Arbor. 33: 114 (1952)
species :
Tabernaemontana tomentosa (Greenm.) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress; Taxon 59: 788 (2010)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Stemmadenia decipiens Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 363 (1928)
= Stemmadenia palmeri Rose & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1156 (1924)
= Stemmadenia sinaloana Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 356 (1928)
= Stemmadenia tomentosa Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 35: 310 (1900)
= Stemmadenia tomentosa var. palmeri (Rose & Standl.) Woodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 354 (1928)
species :
Tabernaemontana undulata Vahl; Eclog. Amer. 2: 20 (1798)
Name: Borache, Cashmere Bouquet, Rai de Mapipire, Roi de Mapipire, Wild Jasmine (Trinidad & Tobago)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Guainía, Guaviare, Putumayo, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Sucre, Tachira); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; N-Brazil (Roraima, Amapa, Pará, Amazonas)
80 COS PAN 81 TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anacampta albescens (Rusby) Markgr.; Fl. Suriname [Pulle] 4 (Meded. Afd. Trop. Prod. Kon. Ver. Indisch Inst. 30): 452 (1937)
= Bonafousia obliqua Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 49 (1878)
= Bonafousia perrottetii (A.DC.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 51 (1878)
= Bonafousia undulata (Vahl) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 359 (1844)
= Bonafousia undulata var. ovalifolia Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 49 (1878)
= Echites brasiliensis Thunb.; Echites [Thunberg] 5 (1819)
= Peschiera surinamensis Miq.; Linnaea 18: 742 (1845)
= Stemmadenia nervosa Standl. & L.O.Williams; Ceiba 3: 126 (1952)
= Tabernaemontana albescens Rusby; Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 83 (1920)
= Tabernaemontana obliqua (Miers) Leeuwenb.; Meded. Landbouwhoogeschool 83(7): 60 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Tabernaemontana perrottetii A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 362 (1844)
species :
Tabernaemontana vanheurckii Müll.Arg.; Obs. Bot. [Van Heurck] 168 (1871)
Distribution: Colombia (Valle); Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Acre)
82 CLM 83 BOL PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Peschiera blanda Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 44 (1878), nom. illeg.
= Peschiera lingulata Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 42 (1878)
= Peschiera vanheurckii (Müll.Arg.) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 154 (1985)
= Stenosolen macrosiphon (Herzog) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 177 (1938)
= Stenosolen vanheurckii (Müll.Arg.) Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 177 (1938)
= Tabernaemontana macrosiphon Herzog; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 66 (1909)
species :
Tabernaemontana ventricosa Hochst. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 366 (1844)
Name: Forest Toad Tree
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
22 NGA 23 BUR CMN ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Conopharyngia rutshuruensis De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 1: 399 (1922)
= Conopharyngia usambarensis (K.Schum. ex Engl.) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 148 (1902)
= Conopharyngia ventricosa (Hochst. ex A.DC.) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 149 (1902)
= Domkeocarpa pendula Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 421 (1941)
= Sarcopharyngia ventricosa (Hochst. ex A.DC.) Boiteau; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 16: 272 (1976)
= Tabernaemontana usambarensis K.Schum. ex Engl.; Abh. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Phys.-Math. Cl. 1894: 36 (1895)
species :
Tabernaemontana venusta (J.F.Morales) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress; Taxon 59(3): 788 (2010)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Stemmadenia venusta J.F.Morales; Candollea 60(2): 360 (2005)
species :
Tabernaemontana wullschlaegelii Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 409 (1861)
Distribution: Jamaica
81 JAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Anartia wulfschlaegelii (Griseb.) Miers; Apocyn. S. Amer. 81 (1878)
= Tabernaemontana calcicola Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 472 (1915)
= Tabernaemontana glaucescens Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 6: 35 (1909)
= Tabernaemontana lactea Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 6: 34 (1909)
= Tabernaemontana rendlei Stearn; J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 618 (1971)
= Tabernaemontana wullschlaegelii var. glaucescens (Urb.) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 27 (1985)
= Tabernaemontana wullschlaegelii var. rendlei (Stearn) L.Allorge; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 30: 27 (1985)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 9th, 2025)

Covering 356,641 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,731* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life