465.0000
Family
Apiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 21 (1836), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 460 - 480 genera, ca. 3900 spp. Phylogeny still partially incomplete, taken from recent partial revisions (Downie et al. etc.), and Clarkson et al. (2021) who do cover only 290 genera. Genus circumscriptions mostly following Kubitzki (ed., 2018)
Species listed in database: 3909; hybrids: 17
= Actinotaceae Konstant. & Melikyan; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 90: 1763 (2005)
= Ammiaceae Bercht. & C.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Angelicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 29 (1820)
= Bupleuraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 258 (1820)
= Caucalidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Coriandraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 773, 783, 1093, 1128 (1835)
= Daucaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 183 (1820)
= Eryngiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Ferulaceae Sacc.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 4: 214 (1872)
= Imperatoriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 328 (1820)
= Lagoeciaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Mackinlayaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: lii (2001)
= Pastinacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 457 (1820)
= Pimpinellaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 258 (1820)
= Saniculaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Scandicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Selinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Sileraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Smyrniaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 773, 1093, 1128 (1835)
= Umbelliferae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 218 (1789), nom. cons.
465.9444
Genus
Tetrataenium (DC.) Manden.; Trudy Tbilissk. Bot. Inst. 20: 16 (1959)
Distribution: India, Indochina, S-Himalaya, China, few to C-Asia
Species listed in database: 28
species :
Tetrataenium aquilegifolium
(C.B.Clarke) Manden.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 80(4): 92 (1995)
Distribution: S-India (Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum aquilegifolium C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 715 (1879)
species :
Tetrataenium birmanicum
(Kurz) Manden.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 41: 46 (1986)
Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland); Myanmar (Bago); Thailand
40 IND 41 MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum birmanicum Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 41(2): 309 (1872), et II. 116 (1877) (as ´barmanicum´)
= Heracleum siamicum Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1930: 420 (1930)
= Heracleum siamicum var. gracilis Craib; Fl. Siam 1: 793 (1931)
species :
Tetrataenium bivittatum
(C.B.Clarke) Manden.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 41: 45 (1986)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, SW-Sichuan, W-Yunnan, S-Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim); Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP 41 LAO VIE
Remarks: placement in Tetrataenium confirmed by molecular results (Yu et al. 2011)
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum bivittatum (C.B.Clarke) H.Boissieu; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 855 (1903)
= Heracleum nepalense var. bivittatum C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 714 (1879), non H. bivittatum Boiss.
= Heracleum woodii M.F.Watson; Edinburgh J. Bot. 53(1): 133 (1996)
= Peucedanum angelicoides H.Wolff ex Kretschmer; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 313 (1930)
species :
Tetrataenium candicans
(Wall. ex DC.) Manden.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 41: 44 (1986)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinghai); S-Tibet; Pakistan (Swat, Hazara, Murree); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Mizoram, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Myanmar (Mandalay, Shan)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA
Remarks: needs transfer in one or two separate genera close to Semenovia (Yu et al. 2011)
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum candicans Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 18, no. 573 (1829), nomen
= Heracleum candicans Wall. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 192 (1830)
= Heracleum cinereum Lindl.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 232 (1835)
= Heracleum hypoleucum Vis.; Linnaea 18: 512 (1845)
species :
Tetrataenium canescens
(Lindl.) Manden.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 42: 12 (1991)
Distribution: Pakistan (Swat, Murree); W-Nepal; NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Kumaon)
40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum canescens Lindl.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 232 (1835)
= Heracleum hirsutum Edgew.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 57 (1846)
= Tetrataenium himalayense Manden.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 42: 13-14 (1991)
species :
Tetrataenium cardiocarpum
(Rech.f. & Riedl) Manden.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 162: 505 (1987)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum cardiocarpum Rech.f. & Riedl; Biol. Skr. 13(4) [Symb. Afghan. 5]: 81 (1963)
species :
Tetrataenium ceylanicum
(Gardner ex C.B.Clarke) Manden.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 41: 46 (1986)
Distribution: S-India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum ceylanicum Gardner ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 716 (1879)
= Heracleum sprengelianum Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 131 (1859)
= Palimbia ceylanica (Gardner) M.Hiroe; Umbelliferae World 619 (1979)
= Palimbia ramosissima Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 131 (1859), nom. illeg.
= Peucedanum ceylanicum Gardner; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 8: 14 (1847)
= Peucedanum zeylanicum Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 131 (1859), orth. var.
species :
Tetrataenium dalgadianum
(S.M.Almeida) C.Rekha & Manudev; Rheedea 34(1): 66, fig. 1 (2024)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum dalgadianum S.M.Almeida; Indian Forester 111(3): 158 (1985)
species :
Tetrataenium grande
(Dalzell & A.Gibson) Manden.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 42: 14 (1991)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum grande (Dalzell & A.Gibson) P.K.Mukh.; Sci. & Cult. 39(12): 542 (1973)
= Heracleum grandis (Dalzell & A.Gibson) S.M.Almeida; Indian Forester 111(3): 160 (1985), isonym
= Pastinaca grandis Dalzell & A.Gibson; Bombay Fl. [Dalzell & Gibson] 107 (1861)
= Peucedanum grande (Dalzell & A.Gibson) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 710 (1879)
species :
Tetrataenium hookerianum
(Wight & Arn.) Manden.; Trudy Tbilissk. Bot. Inst. 20: 18 (1959)
Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum hookerianum Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. [Wight & Arnott] 373 (1834)
= Pastinaca hookeriana (Wight & Arn.) Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] t. 1010 (1845)
species :
Tetrataenium kingdonii
(H.Wolff) H.F.Wang, X.Y.Dong & K.P.Ma; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. E. Asia 2: 2265 (2025)
Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, Guizhou, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; NE-Myanmar
36 CHI TIB 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum kingdonii H.Wolff; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 76 (1933)
species :
Tetrataenium kumaonense
Kljuykov & Ukrainsk.; Bot. Lett. 166(4): 418 (2019)
Distribution: N-India (Uttarakhand)
40 IND
species :
Tetrataenium lallii
(C.Norman) Cauwet, Carb. & Farille; Candollea 37(2): 558 (1982)
Distribution: C-Nepal; India (Sikkim)
40 IND NEP
Remarks: possibly only a small variant of Heracleum candicans
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum lallii C.Norman; J. Bot. 67: 247 (1929)
species :
Tetrataenium leucocarpum
(Aitch. & Hemsl.) Manden.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 162: 506 (1987)
Distribution: Pakistan (Kurram)
40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum leucocarpum Aitch. & Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 165 (1882)
species :
Tetrataenium manilalianum
C.Rekha, Sundaran, Manudev & Sujana; Nordic J. Bot. 2026(1)-e04966: 2 (2025)
Distribution: S-India (Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Tetrataenium mianguaqi
Ze H.Wang & L.Chen; Phytotaxa 491(1): 86 (2021)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Tetrataenium munnarense
Karupp., Bharath & V.Ravich.; J. Jap. Bot. 100(4): 319 (2025)
Distribution: S-India (Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Tetrataenium nepalense
(Don) Manden.; Trudy Tbilissk. Bot. Inst. 20: 17 (1959)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Assam, Chhattisgarh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Myanmar
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Remarks: placement in Tetrataenium confirmed by molecular results (Yu et al. 2011)
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum nepalense D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 185 (1825)
= Heracleum nyalamense R.H.Shan & T.S.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(3): 378 (1980)
species :
Tetrataenium nephrophyllum
(Leute) Manden.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 162: 505, t. 461 (1987)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum nephrophyllum Leute; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 120: 303, f. 8 (1972)
species :
Tetrataenium obtusifolium
(DC.) Manden.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 42: 13 (1991)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, Yunnan); S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Remarks: needs transfer in one or two separate genera close to Semenovia (Yu et al. 2011)
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum candicans var. obtusifolium (Wall. ex DC.) F.T.Pu & M.F.Watson; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 42(6): 562 (2004)
= Heracleum obtusifolium Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 18, no. 577 (1829), nomen
= Heracleum obtusifolium Wall. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 191 (1830)
species :
Tetrataenium olgae
(Regel & Schmalh.) Manden.; Trudy Tbilissk. Bot. Inst. 20: 18 (1959)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan); China (Xinjiang); Pakistan (Chitral)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI 40 PAK
Remarks: placement in Tetrataenium confirmed by molecular results (Yu et al. 2011)
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum olgae Regel & Schmalh.; Izv. Imp. Obshch. Lyubit. Estestv. Moskovsk. Univ. 34(2): 38 (1882)
= Heracleum polyadenum Rech.f.; Biol. Skr. 13(4) [Symb. Afghan. 5]: 85 (1963)
= Pastinaca olgae (Regel & Schmalh.) Koso-Pol.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, n. s. 29: 113 (1916), nom. inval., non Regel & Schmalh. (1882)
= Platytaenia olgae (Regel & Schmalh.) Korovin; Fl. Uzbekist. [A.N.Sennikov] 4: 465 (1959)
species :
Tetrataenium pinnatum
(C.B.Clarke) Manden.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 42: 12 (1991)
Distribution: Tibet; Pakistan (Gilgit, Astor, Baltistan); NW-India (Nubra, Dras, Ladakh, Zanskar, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh)
36 TIB 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum pinnatum C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 712 (1879)
= Heracleum subtomentellum C.Y.Wu & M.L.Sheh; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 13(3): 274-275, f. 1 (1991)
species :
Tetrataenium rigens
(Wall. ex DC.) Manden.; Trudy Tbilissk. Bot. Inst. 20: 17 (1959)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum candolleanum (Wight & Arn.) Gamble; Fl. Madras 565 (1919)
= Heracleum courtallense Gamble; Fl. Madras 565 (1919)
= Heracleum rigens var. candolleana (Wight & Arn.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 715 (1879)
= Heracleum rigens var. candolleanum (Wight & Arn.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 715 (1879)
= Heracleum rigens var. elongatum Gamble; Fl. Madras 565 (1919)
= Heracleum rigens var. ligusticifolium (Wight) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 716 (1879)
= Heracleum rigens var. multiradiatum Gamble; Fl. Madras 565 (1919)
= Heracleum rigens Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 575 (1829) ex Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 191 (1830)
= Heracleum sprengelianum Dalz & Gibson; Bombay Fl. [Dalzell & Gibson] 108 (1861) non Wight & Arn.
= Pastinaca candolleana Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. [Wight & Arnott] 372 (1834)
= Pastinaca ligusticifolia Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. [Wight & Arnott] 372 (1834)
= Pastinaca rigens (Wall. ex DC.) Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 3: t. 1009 (1845)
= Tetrataenium candolleanum (Wight & Arn.) Manden.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 42: 11 (1991)
= Tetrataenium ligusticifolium (Wight, & Arn.) Manden.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 42: 11 (1991)
species :
Tetrataenium shrirangii
C.Rekha, Gosavi, Manudev & Dalavi; Nordic J. Bot. 2025(2)-e04546: 3 (2024)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
species :
Tetrataenium sprengelianum
(Wight & Arn.) Manden.; Trudy Tbilissk. Bot. Inst. 20: 17 (1959)
Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum sprengelianum Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. [Wight & Arnott] 872 (1834)
= Pastinaca sprengeliana (Wight & Arn.) Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] t. 1008 (1844)
species :
Tetrataenium sublineare
(C.B.Clarke) Manden.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 41: 47 (1986)
Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Darjeeling, Sikkim, Chumbi)
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum sublineare C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 713 (1879)
species :
Tetrataenium wallichii
(DC.) Manden.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 41: 47 (1986)
Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal, Chumbi)
40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum diversifolium Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 18, no. 574 (1829), nomen
= Heracleum wallichii DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 195 (1830)
= Peucedanum diversifolium Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 1: 919 (1867), nom. inval.
species :
Tetrataenium yunnanense
(Franch.) Manden. ex Q.Y.Xiao & X.J.He; Nordic J. Bot. 36(3)-e01563: 7 (2017)
Distribution: China (NE-Yunnan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Heracleum yunnanense Franch.; Bull. Annuel Soc. Philom. Paris, Sér. 8, 6: 143 (1894)
