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511.0000 Family Acanthaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 102 (1789) (´Acanthi´), nom. cons.
ca. 192 genera, ca. 5500 spp. Phylogeny: Manzitto-Tripp et al. 2022
Species listed in database: 5501
= Avicenniaceae Miq.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 353 (1845), nom. cons.
= Justiciaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 60 (1838)
= Mendonciaceae Bremek.; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 56: 540 (1954)
= Meyeniaceae Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Nelsoniaceae (Nees) Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Thunbergiaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 979 (1870)
511.5074 Genus Thyrsacanthus Nees; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 9: 97, t. 13 (1847)
Distribution: Tropical America. Reinstatement of genus: Cortes & Rapini 2010
Species listed in database: 7
= Drejera Nees; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 9: 112, t. 17 (1847)
species :
Thyrsacanthus angustissimus (A.L.A.Côrtes & Rapini) Alcantara & M.Alves; Syst. Bot. 47(1): 182 (2022)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia angustissima A.L.A.Côrtes & Rapini; Kew Bull. 66(3): 454 (2011 publ. 2012)
species :
Thyrsacanthus boliviensis (Nees) A.L.A.Côrtes & Rapini; Taxon 59(3): 967 (2010)
Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Tarija); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Concepcion, Paraguari); Argentina (Jujuy, Salta)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Adhatoda orbigniana Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 404 (1847)
= Anisacanthus boliviensis (Nees) Wassh.; Novon 2(2): 149 (1992)
= Anisacanthus caduciflorus (Griseb.) Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19(Beibl. 48): 18 (1894)
= Anisacanthus caducifolius (Griseb.) Ariza; Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 22(1-4): 255 (1983), isonym
= Anisacanthus malmei Lindau; Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 662 (1897)
= Anisacanthus ruber Lindau; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 371 (1895)
= Drejera boliviensis Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 334, p. p. (1847)
= Ecbolium orbignianum (Nees) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 981 (1891)
= Jacobinia boliviensis (Nees) Woodrow; Gard. India, ed. 5: 415 (1889)
= Jacobinia caducifolia Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 261 (1879)
= Odontonema scandens Lindau; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 198 (1914)
= Schaueria caduciflora Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 261 (1879)
species :
Thyrsacanthus microphyllus A.L.A.Côrtes & Rapini; Taxon 59(3): 967 (2010)
Distribution: Brazil (Piauí)
84 BRA
species :
Thyrsacanthus ramosissimus Moric.; Pl. Nouv. Amér. 165, t. 96 (1847); ex Nees, Fl. Bras. [Martius] 9: 98 (1847)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisacanthus brasiliensis Lindau; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 371 (1895)
= Anisacanthus ramosissimus (Moric.) V.M.Baum; Brittonia 34(4): 433 (1982)
= Jacobinia ramosissima (Moric.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2(2): 1119 (1876)
species :
Thyrsacanthus ramosus (Pohl ex Nees) A.L.A.Côrtes & Rapini; Taxon 59(3): 970 (2010)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Drejera ramosa Pohl ex Nees; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 9: 112 (1847)
= Justicia ramosa Pohl ex Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 334 (1847)
species :
Thyrsacanthus secundus (Leonard) A.L.A.Côrtes & Rapini; Taxon 59(3): 971 (2010)
Distribution: Venezuela (Anzoategui, Bolívar, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Miranda, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Trujillo, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Roraima, Amapa, Pará); NE-Brazil (Maranhao)
82 FRG GUY SUR VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisacanthus secundus Leonard; Lloydia 2: 213 (1939)
species :
Thyrsacanthus sulcatus (Nees) C.Ezcurra & A.L.A.Côrtes; Phytotaxa 395(2): 85 (2019)
Distribution: Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Alto Paraná, Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Luis, Tucuman)
85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carlowrightia sulcata (Nees) C.Ezcurra; Fl. Prov. Jujuy 8: 9: 319 (1993)
= Dianthera sulcata (Nees) Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 224 (1874) (non Vahl)
= Jacobinia sulcata Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 333 (1847)
= Siphonoglossa gentianifolia Lindau; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 370 (1905)
= Siphonoglossa sulcata (Nees) Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19(Beibl. 48): 19 (1894)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life