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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.8581 Genus Tocoyena Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 131, t. 50 (1775)
Distribution: Tropical America, Caribbean
Species listed in database: 21
= Ucriana Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 961 (1798)
species :
Tocoyena arenicola Delprete; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(2): 988 (2008)
Distribution: Brazil (Tocantins, Goiás)
84 BRA
species :
Tocoyena atlantica R.Borges & Gaem; Phytotaxa 470(3): 244 (2020)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo)
84 BRA
species :
Tocoyena brevifolia Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 196 (1965)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)
82 VEN
species :
Tocoyena bullata (Vell.) Mart.; Flora 24(2. Beibl.): 80 (1841)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Paraíba, Bahia, Sergipe); SE-Brazil (Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia bullata Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 3: t. 12 (1825 publ. 1829)
= Gardenia lanuginosa A.Rich.; Mém. Rubiac. 161 (1830)
= Gardenia richardii A.St.-Hil.; Voy. Distr. Diam. 2: 450 (1833)
= Gardenia richardii var. rugosissima A.St.-Hil.; Voy. Distr. Diam. 2: 451 (1833)
species :
Tocoyena costanensis Steyerm.; Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 25: 73 (1963)
subspecies :
subsp. costanensis
Distribution: Venezuela (Aragua, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Miranda, Táchira)
82 VEN
subspecies :
subsp. andina Steyerm.; Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 125 (1971)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Quindío, Santander, Valle); Venezuela (Mérida, Táchira, Yaracuy)
82 CLM VEN
species :
Tocoyena cubensis Britton ex Standl.; N. Amer. Fl. [Britton et al., eds.] 32(2): 155 (1921)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Genipa longiflora (Griseb.) M.Gómez; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 288 (1894)
= Sphinctanthus longiflorus Griseb.; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 8(2): 503 (1863)
= Tocoyena longiflora (Griseb.) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 74 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Ucriana longiflora (Griseb.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 798 (1839)
species :
Tocoyena foetida Poepp.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Poeppig & Endlicher] 3: 25 (1845)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Bolívar); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Maranhão)
82 CLM 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Tocoyena acutiflora Mart.; Flora 24(2. Beibl.): 82 (1841)
species :
Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 347 (1889)
Distribution: ?Guyana; Surinam; Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amapá, Pará, Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Maranhão, Ceará, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay (Amambay, Canindeyu, Concepcion, Cordillera, Paraguari, San Pedro)
82 SUR 83 BOL 84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia formosa Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 4: 200 (1829)
= Gardenia maritima Vahl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 388 (1830), pro syn.
= Tocoyena bullata f. puberula Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 170 (1904)
= Tocoyena bullata f. tomentella Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 170 (1904)
= Tocoyena bullata var. speciosa Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 170 (1904)
= Tocoyena formosa var. maxima Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 170 (1904)
= Tocoyena formosa var. microdon (Mart.) Gottsb. & Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 181: 163 (1992)
= Tocoyena formosa var. petropolitana Glaz.; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 3: 343 (1909), opus utique oppr.
= Tocoyena formosa var. pseudobrasiliensis Gottsb. & Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 181: 162 (1992)
= Tocoyena hirsuta Moric. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 375 (1830)
= Tocoyena microdon Mart.; Flora 24(2. Beibl.): 82 (1841)
= Tocoyena mollis K.Krause; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 202 (1914)
= Tocoyena stipulacea K.Schum. ex Glaziou; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56(Mem. 3): 343 (1909)
= Tocoyena stipulosa K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25(Beibl. 60): 81 (1898)
= Tocoyena surinamensis Bremek.; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 33: 710 (1936)
= Tocoyena velutina Mart.; Flora 24(2. Beibl.): 81 (1841)
= Ucriana hirsuta (Moric. ex DC.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 798 (1839)
species :
Tocoyena guianensis K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 346 (1889)
Distribution: Colombia (Guaviare); Venezuela (Amazonas); Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Amazonas); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
82 CLM FRG SUR VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Tocoyena guianensis var. communis Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 194 (1965)
= Tocoyena guianensis var. glabriuscula Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 195 (1965)
species :
Tocoyena hispidula Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 283 (1937)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará)
84 BRA
species :
Tocoyena longiflora Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 131 (1775)
Distribution: French Guiana
82 FRG
Synonyms: hidden
= Ucriana speciosa Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 961 (1798)
species :
Tocoyena megistantha Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 223 (1937)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Santander); Peru; N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM 83 PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Posoqueria speciosa K.Krause; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 50: 104 (1908)
= Tocoyena longilobata R.Borges; Phytotaxa 477(2): 297 (2020), nom. nov.
species :
Tocoyena neglecta N.E.Br.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 6: 35 (1901)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar); Guyana; N-Brazil (Roraima, Acre); NE-Brazil (Maranhão); WC-Brazil (Goiás)
82 GUY VEN 84 BRA
species :
Tocoyena orinocensis Standl. & Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 617 (1953)
Distribution: Colombia (Guainía); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar)
82 CLM VEN
species :
Tocoyena pendulina Spruce ex Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 391 (1931)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)
82 VEN
species :
Tocoyena pittieri (Standl.) Standl.; Contr. Arnold Arbor. 5: 151 (1933)
Distribution: Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Caquetá, Chocó, Valle); Ecuador
80 COS HON PAN 82 CLM 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Posoqueria obliquinervia Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 167 (1928)
= Posoqueria pittieri Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 167 (1928)
= Tocoyena cuatrecasasii Steyerm.; Acta Biol. Venez. 4: 113 (1964)
= Tocoyena obliquinervia (Standl.) Standl.; Contr. Arnold Arbor. 5: 152 (1933)
species :
Tocoyena prostrata Silberb.-Gottsb. & Gottsb.; Pl. Diversity Evol. 132(1): 49 (2019)
Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso)
84 BRA
species :
Tocoyena sellowiana (Cham. & Schltdl.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 349 (1889)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Maranhão); SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia sellowiana Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 4: 197 (1829)
species :
Tocoyena sprucei Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 350 (1931)
Distribution: Bolivia (Beni); N-Brazil (Pará); NE-Brazil (Maranhão, Ceará, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso); SE-Brazil (Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Tocoyena brasiliensis Mart.; Flora 24(2. Beibl.): 82 (1841), nom. illeg.
= Tocoyena lychnophora Casar. ex K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 348 (1889), pro syn.
species :
Tocoyena viscidula Mart.; Flora 24(2. Beibl.): 80 (1841)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Tocantins); NE-Brazil (Bahia, Piauhi); WC-Brazil (Brasilia Distrito Federal, Goiás)
84 BRA
species :
Tocoyena williamsii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 349 (1931)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Caquetá, Santander, Valle); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amazonas, Acre)
82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life