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465.0000 Family Apiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 21 (1836), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 460 - 480 genera, ca. 3900 spp. Phylogeny still partially incomplete, taken from recent partial revisions (Downie et al. etc.), and Clarkson et al. (2021) who do cover only 290 genera. Genus circumscriptions mostly following Kubitzki (ed., 2018)
Species listed in database: 3893; hybrids: 17
= Actinotaceae Konstant. & Melikyan; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 90: 1763 (2005)
= Ammiaceae Bercht. & C.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Angelicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 29 (1820)
= Bupleuraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 258 (1820)
= Caucalidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Coriandraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 773, 783, 1093, 1128 (1835)
= Daucaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 183 (1820)
= Eryngiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Ferulaceae Sacc.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 4: 214 (1872)
= Imperatoriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 328 (1820)
= Lagoeciaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Mackinlayaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: lii (2001)
= Pastinacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 457 (1820)
= Pimpinellaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 258 (1820)
= Saniculaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Scandicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Selinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Sileraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Smyrniaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 773, 1093, 1128 (1835)
= Umbelliferae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 218 (1789), nom. cons.
465.8796 Genus Torilis Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 99 (1763)
Distribution: Canary Isl., Eurasia, incl. (8) S-European part of Russia, Northern Caucasus, Middle Asia, Russian Far East, N-Africa
Species listed in database: 18
= Daucalis Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 148 (1874)
= Lappularia Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 149 (1874)
= Lorinsera Opiz; Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. [Berchtold et al.] 2(2): 28 (1839)
= Ozotrix Raf.; Good Book 54 (1840)
= Pullipes Raf.; Good Book 54 (1840)
species :
Torilis africana Spreng.; Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 55 (1815)
Name: Roter Klettenkerbel (DE); Red Hedge-parsley (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Baleares (Mallorca, Menorca); France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. Kiklades, Sporades, Ionian Isl.); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma, Hierro); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey; Iraq; Iran; Iran; Afghanistan (Balkh, Kunar / Nuristan, Qunduz, Takhar); Cyprus; Syria; USA [I] (California [I], Louisiana [I], Oregon [I])
11 ger 12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY mdr 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ SYR TUR 73 usa 76 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Caucalis africana Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 49 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Caucalis africana (Spreng.) Schönland; Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 1: 80 (1919), nom. illeg.
= Caucalis heterophylla Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 326 (1827)
= Caucalis infesta subsp. heterophylla (Guss.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 475 (1878)
= Caucalis infesta subsp. purpurea (Ten.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 301 (1882)
= Caucalis purpurea Ten.; Fl. Med. Univ. 1: 209 (1822)
= Caucalis torgesiana Hausskn.; Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2(1): 135 (1889), et Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 5: 107 (1893)
= Torilis africana var. heterophylla (Guss.) Reduron; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, Numero Special 28 (Ombellif. France) 30: 2490 (2008)
= Torilis arvensis subsp. heterophylla (Guss.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1057 (1926)
= Torilis arvensis subsp. purpurea (Ten.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 1057 (1927)
= Torilis arvensis var. heterophylla (Guss.) Burnat; Fl. Alpes Marit. 4: 88 (1906)
= Torilis arvensis var. heterophylla (Guss.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1057 (1926), isonym
= Torilis arvensis var. homoeomorpha (Chabert) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 525 (1932)
= Torilis arvensis var. purpurea (Guss.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5: 1057 (1926)
= Torilis arvensis var. purpurea (Ten.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 525 (1932)
= Torilis helvetica subsp. purpurea (Guss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 281 (1879)
= Torilis helvetica var. pauciradiata Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 1: 33 (1871)
= Torilis helvetica var. purpurea (Ten.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 219 (1830)
= Torilis heterophylla Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 326 (1827)
= Torilis heterophylla var. homoeomorpha Chabert; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: 585 (1892)
= Torilis hillebrandii H.Wolff ex Engl.; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3(2): 801 (1921)
= Torilis infesta f. purpurea (Ten.) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 375 (1889)
= Torilis infesta subsp. heterophylla (Guss.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 125 (1894)
= Torilis infesta subsp. heterophylla (Guss.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 4: 84 (1921)
= Torilis infesta subsp. purpurea (Guss.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 301 (1882)
= Torilis neglecta var. pauciradiata (Trautv.) Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim] 3: 135 (1932)
= Torilis purpurea (Ten.) Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 325 (1827)
= Torilis torgesiana (Hausskn.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 1056 (1927)
species :
Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 265 (1821)
subspecies :
subsp. arvensis
Name: Feld-Klettenkerbel (DE); Field-hedgeparsley (EN); Bardanilla (ES)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (widespread in mainland); Crete (rare); Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Corvo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura); Cameroon; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; N-Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; SW-Angola; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa [I] (Cape Prov. [I]); St. Helena [I]; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; New Zealand [I]; Chile [I] (Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I])
11 AUT CZE ger HUN POL SLO 12 ADO BAL COR POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 KRY 20 ALG MOR 21 AZO CNY 23 BUR CMN RWA ZAI 24 DJI ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZIM 27 saf 28 sth 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 51 nzl 85 cle
Remarks: many distribution data for subsp. arvensis belong to subsp. recta
Synonyms: hidden
= Anthriscus arvensis (Huds.) Koso-Pol.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, n. s. 29: 151 (1916)
= Caucalis aglochis (Simonk.) M.Hiroe; Umbelliferae World 562 (1979)
= Caucalis angustifolia Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab., Suppl. 206 (1775)
= Caucalis arvensis Huds.; Fl. Angl. [Hudson] 98 (1762)
= Caucalis aspersa Savi; Fl. Pis. 1: 290 (1798)
= Caucalis divaricata F.Heller; Fl. Wirceb. 1: 295 (1810), nom. illeg.
= Caucalis infesta (L.) Curtis; Fl. Londin. [Curtis] 2(6): t. 23 (1778)
= Caucalis infesta var. minus Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 315 (1828)
= Caucalis segetalis Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 312 (1841)
= Caucalis segetum Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 236 (1799)
= Daucus infestus (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 12: 156 (1904)
= Lappularia infesta (L.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 150 (1874)
= Scandix infesta L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 732 (1767)
= Tordylium segetum Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 484 (1820)
= Torilis aglochis Simonk.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 40: 208 (1890)
= Torilis arvensis f. pseudoelatior Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1056 (1926)
= Torilis arvensis var. aglochis (Simonk.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1056 (1926)
= Torilis arvensis var. anthriscoides (DC.) Link ex Schinz & R.Keller; Fl. Schweiz [Schinz], ed. 3: 260 (1914)
= Torilis arvensis var. divaricata (DC.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1056 (1926), nom. inval.
= Torilis arvensis var. divaricata (Moench) Täckh.; Student Fl. Egypt [Täckholm] 206 (1956)
= Torilis arvensis var. sessiliflora (Ces.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1056 (1926)
= Torilis chlorocarpa Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 898 (1824)
= Torilis friedrichsthalii Ces.; Reise Neu-Griechenl. [Friedrichsthal] 4: 280 (1838)
= Torilis helvetica var. divaricata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 219 (1830)
= Torilis infesta (L.) Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse 78 (1811)
= Torilis infesta (L.) Roth; Enum. Pl. Phan. Germ. 1: 901
= Torilis infesta subsp. divaricata (DC.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 439 (1913)
= Torilis syriaca Boiss. & C.I.Blanche; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 2: 98 (1856)
subspecies :
subsp. neglecta (Spreng.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1055 (1926)
Name: Übersehener Klettenkerbel (DE); Neglected Hedge-parsley (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares (Mallorca, Menorca); France; ?Corsica; Italy; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. Kiklades, Sporades, Ionian Isl.); Crete; European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Egypt (Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Pico); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Tenerife, La Palma, Hierro); ?Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Balkh, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Qunduz, Takhar); Afghanistan (Parwan); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (W-Yemen); Pakistan (Kurram); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
11 AUT ger POL SWI 12 BAL FRA GIB POR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SRB TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU YEM 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Caucalis infesta subsp. neglecta Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 301 (1882)
= Caucalis infesta var. neglecta (Schult.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 478 (1878)
= Caucalis jacksonii M.Hiroe; Umbelliferae World 563 (1979)
= Caucalis neglecta (Schult.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, Abbild., 12: 157 (1904)
= Lappularia neglecta (Spreng.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 150 (1874)
= Torilis arvensis var. biformis Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 525 (1932)
= Torilis brevipes Lowe; Man. Fl. Madeira 1(3): 372 (1864)
= Torilis dominici Sennen; Pl. Espagne [Exsicc.] 1925 no. 5314 (1925-26), in sched.
= Torilis helvetica proles neglecta Rouy & E.G.Camus; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 7: 249 (1901)
= Torilis helvetica var. neglecta (Spreng.) Merino; Fl. Galicia [Merino] 1: 560 (1905)
= Torilis infesta subsp. neglecta (E.H.L.Krause) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 440 (1913)
= Torilis infesta var. neglecta (Schult.) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 375 (1889)
= Torilis infesta var. neglecta (Spreng.) Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 15 (1874)
= Torilis neglecta Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 484 (1820)
= Torilis neglecta Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 484 (1820), nom. illeg.
= Torilis obscura Lowe; Man. Fl. Madeira 1(3): 372 (1864)
= Torilis radiata Moench; Methodus [Moench] 103 (1794)
= Torilis syriaca Boiss. & C.I.Blanche; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 2: 98 (1856)
= Torilis tenuifolia Lowe; Man. Fl. Madeira 1(3): 370 (1864)
subspecies :
subsp. recta Jury; Lagascalia 18: 282 (1996), nom. nov.
Name: Aufrechter Feld-Klettenkerbel (DE), Spreading Hedge-parsley (EN)
Distribution: England (England, +Wales); Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hessen [I], +Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland, Sachsen [I], Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Portugal; Spain; Baleares (Mallorca); France; Italy; Morocco; Tunisia; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I]); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], District of Columbia [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maryland [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], Nebraska [I], New Jersey [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I], West Virginia [I]); Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]
10 GRB 11 AUT BGM GER LUX NET SWI 12 BAL FRA POR SPA 13 ITA 20 MOR TUN 63 haw 71 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 84 bra 85 uru
Remarks: distribution incomplete - many records for subsp. arvensis belong here. In recent years in Germany in rapid expansion
Synonyms: hidden
= Caucalis helvetica Jacq.; Hort. Bot. Vindob. 3: 12 (1777)
= Caucalis infesta var. elatior Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 314 (1828), nom. inval.
= Ozotrix helvetica (Jacq.) Raf.; Good Book 54 (1840)
= Torilis anthriscus var. helvetica (C.C.Gmel.) Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 727 (1843)
= Torilis arvensis subsp. divaricata (Moench) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5: 1055 (1926)
= Torilis arvensis var. elatior (Gaudin) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1056 (1926)
= Torilis divaricata Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 84 (1802), nom. illeg.
= Torilis divaricata Wibel; Prim. Fl. Werth. [Wibel] 193 (1799), nom. illeg.
= Torilis helvetica (Jacq.) C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. [C.C.Gmelin] 1: 617 (1805)
= Torilis helvetica var. anthriscoides DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 219 (1830)
subspecies :
subsp. turcomanica Geld.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70(12): 1645 (1985)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
species :
Torilis chrysocarpa Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 2: 98 (1856)
Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); Lebanon; ?Syria
34 IRN IRQ LEB
Synonyms: hidden
= Caucalis chrysocarpa (Boiss. & C.I.Blanche) Bornm.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 48: 594 (1898)
= Caucalis fallax Boiss. & C.I.Blanche; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 2: 1086 (1872)
= Torilis leucorhaphis Rech.f. & Riedl; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 98: 223 (1961)
= Torilis leucotricha Pau; Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 14: 29 (1918)
species :
Torilis elongata (Hoffmanns. & Link) Samp.; Ann. Sci. Acad. Polytecn. Porto 14: 154 (1921)
Name: Verlängerter Klettenkerbel (DE); Cuernecillo (ES)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; ?France; ?Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Croatia; Montenegro; Albania; European Turkey; N-Greece (rare); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos); Turkey (Anatolia)
12 POR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA MNT PTL SIC TUE 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Caucalis bifrons (Pomel) Coss. & Durieu ex Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 478 (1878)
= Caucalis bifrons (Pomel) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 13: 216 (1922), isonym
= Caucalis bifrons var. cordisepala (Murb.) Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 22: 35 (1929 publ. 1930)
= Caucalis bifrons var. heterocarpa (Ball) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 51 (1931)
= Caucalis bifrons var. subtuberculata Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 22: 35 (1929 publ. 1930)
= Caucalis coerulescens Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 93, 53 (1838)
= Caucalis cordisepala Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 33(12): . 85 (1897)
= Caucalis elongata Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 392 (1820)
= Caucalis elongata Hoffmanns. & Link ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 169 (1821)
= Caucalis heterocarpa (Ball) Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 36, Afd. 2(1): 33 (1900)
= Caucalis homoeophylla Coincy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 571 (1896)
= Caucalis leptophylla subsp. elongata (Hoffmanns. & Link) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 281 (1879)
= Caucalis leptophylla var. heterocarpa Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 478 (1878)
= Caucalis mauritanica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 241 (1753)
= Daucalis mauritanica (L.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 149 (1874)
= Lappularia bifrons Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 150 (1874)
= Torilis arvensis subsp. elongata (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cannon; Feddes Repert. 79: 62 (1968)
= Torilis arvensis var. heterocarpa (Batt.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 525 (1932), isonym
= Torilis arvensis var. heterocarpa (Batt.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1056 (1926)
= Torilis bifrons (Pomel) Jafri; Fl. Libya 117: 120 (1985)
= Torilis caerulescens (Boiss.) Calest.; Webbia 1: 255 (1905), orth. var.
= Torilis coerulescens (Boiss.) Drude; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 8: 156 (1897)
= Torilis homoeophylla (Coincy) Calest.; Webbia 1: 255 (1905)
= Torilis homophylla Stapf & Wettst.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 28 (1886)
= Torilis infesta f. bifrons (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 375 (1889)
= Torilis infesta f. heterocarpa Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 375 (1889)
= Torilis leptophylla var. elongata (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout.; Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 523 (1939)
species :
Torilis gaillardotii (Boiss.) Drude; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 8: 156 (1898)
Distribution: Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, Jbel Druze); Israel (Rift Valley)
34 ISR SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Caucalis gaillardotii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 2: 1085 (1872)
species :
Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 219 (1830)
Name: Gewöhnlicher Klettenkerbel (DE), Upright Hedgeparsley (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl. [I]); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread in mainland); S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; NW-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; ?Morocco; Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Primorye); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); Israel (N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); China (Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Jilin, Liaoning, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong); Tibet; Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan; Taiwan; Pakistan (Swat, Hazara, Murree); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Myanmar (Kachin); Vietnam; Sumatra; Java; New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], California [I], District of Columbia [I], Iowa [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I]); Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 31 RFE 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN ISR JOR TUR 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA VIE 42 JAW SUM 51 ctm nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 81 his
Remarks: japonica agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Anthriscus vulgaris Bernh.; Syst. Verz. Pfl. Erfurt [Bernhardi] 168 (1800)
= Caucalis anthriscus (L.) Huds.; Fl. Angl. [Hudson] 99 (1762)
= Caucalis anthriscus var. flavescens Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 590 (1831)
= Caucalis aspera Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 424 (1779)
= Caucalis coniifolia Wall. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 220 (1830)
= Caucalis elata D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 183 (1825)
= Caucalis japonica Houtt.; Nat. Hist. [Houttuyn] 2 8: 42, t. 45, f. 1 (1777)
= Caucalis orientalis Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 177 (1790), nom. illeg., non L. (1753)
= Caucalis scandicina Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 121 (1788), nom. illeg.
= Chaerophyllum hispidum Thunb. ex Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 64 (1867)
= Daucus anthriscus (L.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. [Baillon] 7: 88 (1879)
= Selinum anthriscus (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 12: 74 (1904)
= Selinum torilis E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 12: 155 (1904)
= Tordylium anthriscus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 240 (1753)
= Tordylium asperum Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 11 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Tordylium verecundum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 160 (1796)
= Torilis anthrisca St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 136 (1880)
= Torilis anthriscus (L.) C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. [C.C.Gmelin] 1: 613 (1805) (non Gaertn. 1788)
= Torilis anthriscus f. flavescens (Ten.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1053 (1926)
= Torilis anthriscus var. calcarea R.Uechtr.; (1852)
= Torilis anthriscus var. japonica (Houtt.) H.Boissieu; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3(10): 856 (1903)
= Torilis anthriscus var. sylvestris Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 727 (1843), nom. inval.
= Torilis convexa Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 361 (1867)
= Torilis elata (D.Don) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(2) (Cur. Post.): 119 (1827), Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 220 (1830)
= Torilis japonica f. pallida-silvicola (Schur) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 243 (1965)
= Torilis persica Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 102 (1860)
= Torilis rubella f. calcarea (R.Uechtr.) Ahlfv.; Sver. Fl. 242 (1901)
= Torilis rubella f. gracilis C.G.Westerl.; Bot. Not. 1904: 13 (1904)
= Torilis rubella Moench; Methodus [Moench] 103 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Torilis stricta Wibel; Prim. Fl. Werth. [Wibel] 192 (1799), nom. illeg.
species :
Torilis leptocarpa (Hochst.) C.C.Towns.; Kew Bull. 17: 434 (1964)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (N-Iran); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze)
34 IRN IRQ SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrodaucus leptocarpus (Hochst.) Drude; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 8: 157 (1898)
= Caucalis sintenisii (Freyn) Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 44: 144 (1894)
= Daucus leptocarpus Hochst.; Wanderungen Morgenl. [Lorent] 337 (1845)
= Daucus scabricaulis Boiss. & Noë; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 2: 95 (1856)
= Torilis sintenisii Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 167 (1892)
= Torilis stenocarpa C.C.Towns.; Kew Bull. 17: 435 (1963 publ. 1964)
species :
Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 21: sub t. 169 (1866)
Name: Bristlefruit hedgeparsley (EN); Feinblättriger Klettenkerbel (DE); Cadejas (ES)
Distribution: Netherlands [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Portugal; Spain; Baleares (Mallorca); France; +Corsica; Italy; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. Kiklades, Sporades, Ionian Isl.); Crete (incl. islets); C-European Russia; Ukraine [I]; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma, Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badghys, Balkh); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); United Arab Emirates [I]; Japan [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan (Peshawar, Swat, Hazara, Murree, Jhelum, Rawalpindi); Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab); USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], Pennsylvania [I])
11 aut ger net swi 12 BAL COR FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI NMA SRB TUE 14 KRY RUS ukr 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY MDR 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 uae 38 jap tai 40 BHU IND PAK 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Anthriscus leptophyllus (L.) Koso-Pol.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, n. s. 29: 151 (1916)
= Caucalis bifrons Coss. & Durieu ex Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 478 (1878), nom. inval.
= Caucalis daucoides subsp. leptophylla (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 124 (1894), nom. illeg.
= Caucalis humilis Jacq.; Hort. Bot. Vindob. 2: 92 (1773)
= Caucalis leptophylla L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 242 (1753)
= Caucalis leptophylla var. bifrons Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 376 (1889)
= Caucalis parviflora Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 657 (1783)
= Caucalis xanthotricha Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(2): 353 (1856)
= Daucalis leptophylla (L.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 149 (1874)
= Daucus leptophyllus (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 190 (1771)
= Nigera parviflora Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 405 (1900)
= Pullipes leptophylla (L.) Raf.; Good Book 54 (1840)
= Torilis leptophylla f. peduncularis (Boiss.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1050 (1926)
= Torilis xanthotricha (Steven) Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 16: 164 (1950)
variant :
var. erythrotricha (Rchb.f.) Zohary; Fl. Palaest. [Zohary & Feinbrun-Dothan] 2: 397 (1972)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Caucalis erythrotricha (Rchb.f.) Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 2: 1085 (1873)
= Torilis erythrotricha Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 21: 84 (1866)
species :
Torilis nemoralis (Brullo) Brullo & Giusso; Inform. Bot. Ital. 35(1): 239 (2003)
Distribution: ?Sardinia; Sicily
13 SIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Torilis nodosa subsp. nemoralis Brullo; Colloq. Phytosoc. 12: 76 (1983)
species :
Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 82 (1788)
Name: Knäuel-Klettenkerbel (DE); Knotted Hedge-parsley (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, S-Scotland, Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, +Northern Ireland); Netherlands; Belgium; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares (Ibiza, Mallorca); France; Monaco; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (very widespread); Crete; NW-European Russia [I]; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); South Africa [I] (Cape Prov. [I]); Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); East Aegaean Isl. (very widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Balkh, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Qunduz); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia); Qatar [I]; United Arab Emirates [I]; Japan [I]; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Chitral, Drosh, Hazara, Jhelum); N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Hawaii [I] (Hawaii Isl. [I]); Canada [I] (New Brunswick [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Louisiana [I], Maryland [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], New Jersey [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I]); Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]
10 GRB IRE 11 aut BGM ger NET swi 12 BAL CIS COR FRA GIB MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV sma SRB TUE 14 rus 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY MDR 27 saf 29 mau reu 32 TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 35 qat SAU uae 38 jap 40 IND PAK 50 aus lhi nfk 51 nzl 60 nwc 63 haw 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 83 bol per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Anthriscus nodiflora (Lam.) Koso-Pol.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, n. s. 29: 151 (1916)
= Anthriscus nodosa (L.) Spreng.; Pl. Umbell. Prodr. 27 (1813)
= Caucalis humilis Viv. ex Coss.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 12: 277 (1865)
= Caucalis lappulacea Poepp. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 219 (1830)
= Caucalis leptophylla Viv.; Fl. Libyc. Spec. 16 (1824) non L. 1753
= Caucalis nodiflora Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 424 (1779), nom. illeg.
= Caucalis nodosa (L.) Crantz; Cl. Umbell. Emend. 112 (1767)
= Caucalis nodosa (L.) Durande; Fl. Bourgogne 1: 286 (1782), isonym
= Caucalis nodosa (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 192 (1771), isonym
= Caucalis nodosa var. heterocarpa Ball; Spicil. Fl. Marocc. [Ball]: 487 (1878)
= Caucalis nodosa var. peduncularis Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 131 (1831)
= Caucalis tenerrima Scheele; Linnaea 25: 256 (1852)
= Daucus nodosus (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, Abbild., 12: 157 (1904)
= Lappularia nodosa (L.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 150 (1874)
= Tordylium nodiflorum (Lam.) Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 160 (1796)
= Tordylium nodosum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 240 (1753)
= Torilis bracteosa Bianca ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 282 (1881)
= Torilis nodiflora (Lam.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 406 (1899)
= Torilis nodosa f. breviaculeata (Halácsy) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1059 (1926)
= Torilis nodosa f. homaeocarpa Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5: 1059 (1926)
= Torilis nodosa f. intermedia (Kuntze) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1059 (1926)
= Torilis nodosa f. subinermis (Coss. & Germ.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1059 (1926)
= Torilis nodosa f. subsessilis (Kuntze) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1059 (1926)
= Torilis nodosa subsp. bracteosa (Bianca) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 282 (1879)
= Torilis nodosa var. bracteosa (Bianca) Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 33(12): 84 (1897)
= Torilis nodosa var. breviaculeata Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec., Suppl. 1: 42 (1908)
= Torilis nodosa var. peduncularis (Ten.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 187 (1932)
species :
Torilis pseudonodosa Bianca; Atti Accad. Gioenia Sci. Nat. Catania, Ser. 2, 3: 31 (1846)
Distribution: Spain; Baleares (Ibiza, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Corsica; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, NW-coastal Egypt); Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Tenerife, Lanzarote); Turkey; Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (S-Iran); Cyprus (N-Cyprus); Israel (coastal W-Israel)
12 BAL COR FRA SPA 13 SIC 20 ALG EGY MOR TUN 21 CNY 34 CYP IRN IRQ ISR TUR
Remarks: status uncertain, possibly only a variety of T. nodosa
Synonyms: hidden
= Caucalis fallax var. brevipes Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 2: 1086 (1872)
= Torilis nodosa f. homoeocarpa Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1059 (1926)
= Torilis nodosa f. longipedunculata Porta & Rigo; Iter III Hispanicum 1891 no. 699 (135) (1891), in sched.
= Torilis nodosa subsp. webbii (Jury) Kerguélen; ERICA (France) 10: 10 (1998)
= Torilis webbii Jury; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 95: 297 (1987)
species :
Torilis samia Pantavos, Kit Tan & Polymenakos; Phytol. Balcan. 30(2): 198 (2024)
Distribution: East Aegean Isl. (Samos)
Error
species :
Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 219 (1830)
Name: Rough hedgeparsley, Rauher Klettenkerbel
Distribution: China (Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong); South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan; Taiwan; USA [I] (Oregon [I])
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR TAI 73 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Anthriscus scabra (Thunb.) Koso-Pol.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, n. s. 29: 151 (1916)
= Caucalis scabra (Thunb.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 7(73): 44 (1893)
= Chaerophyllum scabrum Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 119 (1784) ex A. Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14 [J.A.Murray] 289 (1784)
= Myrrhis scabra (Thunb.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 902 (1824)
= Torilis henryi C.Norman; J. Bot. 67(5): 147-148 (1929)
= Torilis praetermissa Hance; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 5: 214 (1866)
= Caucalis praetermissa (Hance) Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 26: 86 (1879)
species :
Torilis stocksiana (Boiss.) Drude; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 8: 156 (1898)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iraq (NW-Iraq, NE-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Paktia / Khost); Oman (Mascat & Oman); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
32 TKM 33 ARM AZE NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ 35 OMA 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Anthriscus stocksiana Koso-Pol.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, n. s. 29: 151 (1915 publ. 1916)
= Caucalis stocksiana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 89 (1859)
species :
Torilis tenella (Delile) Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 21: 84 (1867)
Name: Zarter Klettenkerbel (DE); Slender Hedge-parsley (EN)
Distribution: Greece (Attiki, Sporades, E-Peloponnisos); Libya; Egypt; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Samos, Rhodos); Turkey; Iran; Cyprus; Lebanon; Syria; Sinai peninsula; Jordania
13 GRC 20 EGY LBY 33 AZE 34 CYP EAI IRN JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Caucalis tenella Delile; Descr. Égypte, Hist. Nat. 202, t. 21, f. 3 (1813)
species :
Torilis trichosperma (L.) Spreng.; Sp. Umbell. 142 (1818)
Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jbel Druze); Israel (Negev Desert, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, C-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
34 ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Acularia trichosperma (L.) Raf.; Good Book 53 (1840)
= Anthriscus trichosperma (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 320 (1805)
= Caucalis trichosperma (L.) Delile; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 312 (1841)
= Chaerefolium trichospermum (L.) Stankov; Syst. Classif. Vasc. Pl. Eur. Russ. [Stankov & Taliev] 536 (1949)
= Chaerophyllum sativum M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 232 (1808), nom. illeg.
= Chaerophyllum trichospermum (L.) Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 685 (1783)
= Chaetosciadium trichospermum (L.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 2: 1078 (1872)
= Rhabdosciadium trichospermum (L.) M.Hiroe; Umbelliferae World 642 (1979)
= Scandix trichosperma L.; Mant. Pl. 57 (1767)
species :
Torilis triradiata Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 48 (1849)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Torilis ucranica Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 485 (1820)
Name: Ukrainischer Klettenkerbel (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; SE-Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece; S-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
11 ger HUN POL SLO 13 BUL CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB 14 MLD RUS UKR 33 GEO NCS 34 TUR
Remarks: japonica agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Daucus microcarpus (Besser) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 12: 156 (1904)
= Torilis anthriscus subsp. ucranica (Spreng.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5: 1053 (1926)
= Torilis anthriscus var. aculeata (Boiss.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 1054 (1926)
= Torilis grandiflora Boiss.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 2: 56 (1844)
= Torilis japonica subsp. ucranica (Spreng.) Soó
= Torilis microcarpa Besser; Enum. Pl. [Besser] 43 (1822)
= Torilis microcarpa var. aculeata Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 2: 1081 (1872)
= Torilis ucranica var. aculeata (Boiss.) Ciocârlan; Acta Horti Bot. Bucurest. 27: 158 (1998 publ. 1999)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.08 (August 18th, 2025)

Covering 357,029 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,070 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,054 synonyms,
in total 1,417,941* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life