177.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.

ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017) and Soreng et al. (2022)

Species listed in database: 12106; hybrids: 385

= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 221 (1820)

= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)

= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 19 (1820)

= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 28 (1820)

= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)

= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)

= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)

= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)

= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 270 (1827)

= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 60. 31 (1820)

= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)

= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)

= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 9, 268 (1827)

= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 269 (1827)

= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)

= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)

= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. [Pfeiffer] 1(2): 818. ante (1873)

= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 51, 269 (1827)

= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271, 272 (1827)

= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)

= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)

= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)

= Festucaceae Spreng.; Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)

= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)

= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 28 (1789), nom. cons.

= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 252 (1833)

= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)

= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)

= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)

= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 6, 267 (1827)

= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)

= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 91, 270 (1827)

= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 413 (1820)

= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)

= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 3, 268 (1827)

= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)

= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)

= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)

= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)

= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 47, 269 (1827)

= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)

= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)

= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)

= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)

= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)

= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 46, 268 (1827)

= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)

= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)

= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 22, 268 (1827)

= Zeaceae A.J.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)

= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 8, 268 (1827)

177.5437 Genus Triticum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 85 (1753) s. str.

Distribution: S- and Southeast Europe, W-(incl. Caucasus) and Middle Asia, Russia (all areas except Arctic Regions and forest zone). The species delimitations are highly problematic due to the many cultivars. Also, taxonomic rank of the various taxa (subspecies vs. full species) is very controversial

Species listed in database: 12; hybrids: 1

Search for: Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum

Nothing found!

species :

Triticum aestivum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 85 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. aestivum

Name: Saat-Weizen (DE); Bread Wheat (EN); Trigo (ES)

Distribution: England [c]; Ireland [c]; Germany [c]; Czech Republic [c]; Slovakia [c]; Hungary [c]; Italy [c]; Slovenia [c]; Croatia [c]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [c]; European Turkey; Greece [c]; Estonia [c]; Latvia [c]; Lithuania [c]; Belarus [c]; European Russia; Morocco [c]; Algeria [c]; Tunisia [c]; Libya [c]; Egypt [c]; Madeira [c] (Madeira Isl. [c]); Canary Isl. [c]; Mauritania [c]; Mali [c]; Nigeria [c]; Cameroon [c]; D.R.Congo [Zaire] [c]; Rwanda [c]; Ethiopia [c]; Somalia [c]; Uganda [c]; Kenya [c]; Tanzania [c]; Zambia [c]; Zimbabwe [c]; Namibia [c]; Siberia [c]; Russian Far East [c]; Kazakhstan [c]; Turkmenistan [c]; Uzbekistan [c]; Kyrgyzstan [c]; Tajikistan [c]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. [c] ; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan [c]; Kuwait [c]; Yemen [c]; China [c]; Tibet [c]; Mongolia; South Korea [c]; Ryukyu Isl. [c]; Taiwan [c]; Pakistan [c]; Pakistan [c]; Nepal [c]; Bhutan [c]; India [c] (widespread); Sri Lanka [c]; Bangladesh [c]; Myanmar [c]; Philippines [c]; Java [c]; Australia [c] (Western Australia [c], South Australia [c], Queensland [c], New South Wales [c], Victoria [c], Tasmania [c]); New Zealand [c]; New Caledonia [c]; New Caledonia [c]; Fiji [c]; Easter Isl. [c]; Hawaii [c]; Hawaii [c] (Kauai [c], Oahu [c], Molokai [c], Lanai [c], Maui [c], Hawaii Isl. [c]); Alaska [c]; Greenland [c]; Canada [c] (Alberta [c], British Columbia [c], Manitoba [c], New Brunswick [c], Newfoundland [c], Nova Scotia [c], Northern Territories [c], Ontario [c], Prince Edward Isl. [c], Québec [c], Saskatchewan [c], Yukon [c]); USA [c] (Alabama [c], Arkansas [c], Arizona [c], California [c], Colorado [c], Connecticut [c], District of Columbia [c], Florida [c], Georgia [c], Iowa [c], Idaho [c], Illinois [c], Indiana [c], Kansas [c], Kentucky [c], Louisiana [c], Massachusetts [c], Maryland [c], Maine [c], Michigan [c], Minnesota [c], Missouri [c], Mississippi [c], Montana [c], North Carolina [c], Nebraska [c], New Hampshire [c], New Jersey [c], New Mexico [c], Nevada [c], New York [c], Ohio [c], Oklahoma [c], Oregon [c], Pennsylvania [c], Rhode Island [c], South Carolina [c], South Dakota [c], Tennessee [c], Texas [c], Utah [c], Virginia [c], Vermont [c], Washington State [c], Wisconsin [c], West Virginia [c], Wyoming [c]); Mexico [c]; Isla Guadalupe [c]; Guatemala [c]; El Salvador [c]; Honduras [c]; Costa Rica [c]; Cuba [c]; Hispaniola [c]; Puerto Rico [c]; Colombia [c]; Guyana [c]; Ecuador [c]; Peru [c]; Bolivia [c]; Brazil [c]; Uruguay [c]; Argentina [c]

10 grb ire 11 cze ger hun slo 13 bih cro grc ita slv TUE 14 blr est lat lit RUS 20 alg egy lby mor tun 21 cny mdr 22 mli mtn nga 23 cmn rwa zai 24 eth som 25 ken tan uga 26 zam zim 27 nam 30 sib 31 rfe 32 kaz kgz tkm tzk uzb 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 afg eai IRN IRQ TUR 35 kuw yem 36 chi tib 37 MON 38 kor nns tai 40 ban bhu ind nep pak srl 41 mya 42 jaw phi 50 aus 51 nzl 60 fij nwc 61 eas 63 haw 70 ask cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 glp mex 80 cos els gua hon 81 cub his pue 82 clm guy 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg uru

Synonyms: hidden

= Aegilops aestiva (L.) D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(4): 297 (2024)

= Aegilops straussii Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 15: 6 (1900), nomen

= Agropyron ichyostachyum (Seidl ex Opiz) P.Candargy; Étude Monogr. Tribu des Hordes 58 (1901)

= Frumentum triticum E.H.L.Krause; Bot. Centralbl. 73: 339 (1898)

= Triticum aegyptiacum Mazzuc.; Sopra Alc. Sp. Frum. 47 (1807)

= Triticum aestivum convar. tetraristatum Gandilyan; Byull. Vsesojuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 65: 78 (1976)

= Triticum aestivum f. albidum (Alef.) Junge; Gramin. Schlesw.-Holst. 302 (1913)

= Triticum aestivum subsp. hadropyrum (Flaksb.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 43 (1973)

= Triticum aestivum subsp. inflatum (Kudr.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 43 (1973)

= Triticum aestivum subsp. petropavlovskyi E.V.Zuev; Nauchno-Tekhn. Byull. Vseross. Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 223: 12 (1992), no type indicated.

= Triticum aestivum subsp. tibeticum J.Z.Shao; Acta Genet. Sin. 7(2): 155 (1980)

= Triticum aestivum subsp. transcaucasicum Dorof. & Laptev; Vestn. Sel´skokhoz. Nauki 11: 111 (1963)

= Triticum aestivum subsp. vavilovii (Jakubz.) Mac Key; Hereditas (Lund), Suppl. 2: 268 (1966)

= Triticum aestivum subsp. vavilovii (Jakubz.) Sears; Handb. Pflanzenzucht, ed. 2, 2: 164 (1959)

= Triticum aestivum subsp. vulgare (Vill.) Thell.; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg, Sér. 3, 38: 142 (1912)

= Triticum aestivum var. albidum (Alef.) Valev; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Bulg. (Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg.) 1: 469 (1963)

= Triticum aestivum var. albinflatocapitatum Udachin; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 75 (1978)

= Triticum aestivum var. alborubrum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 97 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Triticum aestivum var. album Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 97 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Triticum aestivum var. arnualru-claviformum Gandilyan; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 40: 58 (1965)

= Triticum aestivum var. arnuruciru-claviformum Gandilyan; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 40: 57 (1965)

= Triticum aestivum var. australianum Udachin & Shakhm.; Byull. Vsesojuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 75 (1978)

= Triticum aestivum var. blaringhemi (Chun) Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 2(3-4): 252 (1952)

= Triticum aestivum var. brezhnevii Udachin & Shakhm.; Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 40: 53 (1991)

= Triticum aestivum var. brunneum Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 259 (1954)

= Triticum aestivum var. chini (Chun) Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 2(3-4): 252 (1952)

= Triticum aestivum var. clementeae Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 258 (1954)

= Triticum aestivum var. dorofeevii Udachin & Shakhm.; Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 40: 54 (1991)

= Triticum aestivum var. duplicatum Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 260 (1954)

= Triticum aestivum var. erythrospermum (Körn.) Mansf.; Züchter 21: 53 (1951)

= Triticum aestivum var. erythrospermum (Korn.) Velican; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 12: 636 (1972)

= Triticum aestivum var. falsedelfii Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 148 (1976)

= Triticum aestivum var. falselutescens Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 147 (1976)

= Triticum aestivum var. falsenigricolor Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 149 (1976)

= Triticum aestivum var. ferrugineum (Alef) Velican; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 12: 636 (1972)

= Triticum aestivum var. ferrugineum (Alef.) Mansf.; Züchter 21: 52 (1951)

= Triticum aestivum var. golbekii Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 149 (1976)

= Triticum aestivum var. hybernum (L.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 107 (1896)

= Triticum aestivum var. ibraense K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 57: 1137 (2010)

= Triticum aestivum var. ischkaschimicum Udachin & Shakhm.; Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 40: 54 (1991)

= Triticum aestivum var. jakubzineri Puchalski & Maksimov; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 44: 55 (1971)

= Triticum aestivum var. japschorvi Nigmat.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 15(12): 47 (1972)

= Triticum aestivum var. korshinskyi Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 148 (1976)

= Triticum aestivum var. kurduculensecompactoides Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 259 (1954)

= Triticum aestivum var. lutescens (Alef.) Mansf.; Züchter 21: 57 (1951)

= Triticum aestivum var. lutescens (Alef.) Velican; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 12: 636 (1972)

= Triticum aestivum var. meridionale-inflatum Nigmat.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 20(12): 42 (1977)

= Triticum aestivum var. miltura (Alef.) Mansf.; Züchter 21: 56 (1951)

= Triticum aestivum var. mravianii (Tumanian) Mansf.; Züchter 21(1/2): 57 (1951)

= Triticum aestivum var. muticum (Alef.) Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 356 (1920), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Triticum aestivum var. navarrae Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 258 (1954)

= Triticum aestivum var. navrozkyi Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 147 (1976)

= Triticum aestivum var. nicolai Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 149 (1976)

= Triticum aestivum var. nigricolorinflatium Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 149 (1976)

= Triticum aestivum var. pampilonae Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 258 (1954)

= Triticum aestivum var. plenocreticum Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 258 (1954)

= Triticum aestivum var. plenolutescens Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 257 (1954)

= Triticum aestivum var. plenolutinflatum Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 257 (1954)

= Triticum aestivum var. plenomilturum Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 257 (1954)

= Triticum aestivum var. pseudosoharicum K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 57: 1137 (2010)

= Triticum aestivum var. quasibarbarossa Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 149 (1976)

= Triticum aestivum var. quasiheraticum Nigmat.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 21(12): 44 (1978 publ. 1979)

= Triticum aestivum var. quasimeridionale-inflatum Nigmat.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 20(12): 42 (1977)

= Triticum aestivum var. ramifera Koric; Sborn. U. V. T. I. (Ustav. Vedeckotech. Inf.) Genet. Slechteni 8: 301 (1972 publ. 1974)

= Triticum aestivum var. ramosoalborubrum Udachin & M.V.Novikova; Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 127: 147 (1989)

= Triticum aestivum var. ramosomilturum Udachin & M.V.Novikova; Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 127: 147 (1989)

= Triticum aestivum var. robroalbum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 97 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Triticum aestivum var. rubrum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 97 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Triticum aestivum var. ruchczianum Nigmat.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 15(12): 47 (1972)

= Triticum aestivum var. schrederi Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 148 (1976)

= Triticum aestivum var. soharicum K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 57: 1137 (2010)

= Triticum aestivum var. strampellii Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 259 (1954)

= Triticum aestivum var. subfalseerythroleucon Udachin; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 75 (1978)

= Triticum aestivum var. subfalsegraecum Udachin; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 75 (1978)

= Triticum aestivum var. subtadjicorum Udachin & Shakhm.; Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 40: 54 (1991)

= Triticum aestivum var. uralicum L.V.Semenova; Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 117: 127 (1988)

= Triticum aestivum var. vavilovianum Udachin & Shakhm.; Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 117: 129 (1988)

= Triticum aestivum var. vavilovianum Yakubts.; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 19: 25 (1971)

= Triticum aestivum var. vavilovii Jakubz.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 44: 56 (1971), nom. illeg.

= Triticum aestivum var. velutinum (Schübl.) Valev; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Bulg. (Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg.) 1: 469 (1963)

= Triticum aestivum var. vigorovii L.V.Semenova; Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 117: 127 (1988)

= Triticum album Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2(1): 8, t. 81, f. 1, a, g-i (1790)

= Triticum amylosum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 501 (1915), nomen

= Triticum antiquorum (Heer) Udachin; Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 40: 52 (1991)

= Triticum antiquorum var. vavilovianum Udachin; Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 40: 52 (1991)

= Triticum aristatum Haller f. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 715 (1841), pro syn.

= Triticum aristatum Schübl.; Diss. Char. Descr. Cereal. 11 (1818), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Triticum arundinaceum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 806 (1866), nom. illeg.

= Triticum asiaticum Kudr.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Uzbekistansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 4: 16 (1941)

= Triticum bicolor Risso; Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 362, 473 (1826)

= Triticum bucharicum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 501 (1915), nomen

= Triticum caeruleum Ard. ex Bayle-Bar.; Monogr. Agron. Cereal. 39 (1809), nomen

= Triticum cereale Bernh.; Syst. Verz. Pfl. Erfurt [Bernhardi] 46 (1800), nom. illeg.

= Triticum cereale Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 387 (1789), pro syn.

= Triticum cereale var. aestivum (L.) Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 118 (1830)

= Triticum cereale var. aestivum (L.) Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 387 (1789), nom. illeg.

= Triticum cereale var. hybernum (L.) Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 118 (1830)

= Triticum cereale var. hybernum (L.) Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 387 (1789), nom. illeg.

= Triticum clavatum Seidl ex Opiz; Naturalientausch 9: 106 (1825)

= Triticum duriusculum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 501 (1915), nomen

= Triticum ghelfa Risso; Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 363 (1826)

= Triticum hexangulare Risso; Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 361, 473 (1826)

= Triticum hieminflatum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 501 (1915), nomen

= Triticum horstianum Clemente; Agricultura (Bogota) 1: 81 (1818)

= Triticum hybernum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 86 (1753), nom. rej.

= Triticum hybernum var. aristatum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 98 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Triticum ichyostachyum Seidl ex Opiz; Naturalientausch 9: 106 (1825)

= Triticum imberbe Desv.; Mém. Soc. Agric. Angers 1: 270 (1833)

= Triticum inflatum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nomen

= Triticum inflatum Kudr.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Uzbekistansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 4: 18 (1941)

= Triticum koeleri Clemente; Agricultura (Bogota) 1: 77 (1818)

= Triticum labile Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 501 (1915), nomen

= Triticum lutinflatum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 501 (1915), nomen

= Triticum manettianum Mazzuc.; Tritic. Def. 23 (1812)

= Triticum martius Risso; Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 363 (1826)

= Triticum mauritanicum Risso; Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 363 (1826)

= Triticum muticum Schübl.; Diss. Char. Descr. Cereal. 10 (1818), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Triticum pilosum Dalzell & A.Gibson; Bombay Fl. [Dalzell & Gibson] Suppl. 97 (1861), nom. illeg.

= Triticum poltawense Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 501 (1915), nomen

= Triticum pubescens Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 107 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Triticum pulverulentum Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 106 (1813)

= Triticum quadratum Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: 4 (1768)

= Triticum rossicum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 501 (1915), nomen

= Triticum rufinflatum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 501 (1915), nomen

= Triticum sativum proles hybernum (L.) Koeler; Descr. Gram. [Koeler] 340 (1802)

= Triticum sativum f. velutinum (Schübl.) Junge; Gramin. Schlesw.-Holst. 302 (1913)

= Triticum sativum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 625 (1779), nom. illeg.

= Triticum sativum subsp. vulgare (Vill.) Bertsch & F.Bertsch; Fl. Württemberg Hohenzollern [Bertsch], ed. 2: 81 (1948)

= Triticum sativum subsp. vulgare (Vill.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 89 (1934), nom. inval.

= Triticum sativum subsp. vulgare (Vill.) Thell.; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg, Sér. 4, 38: 142 (1912)

= Triticum sativum subvar. rubrum Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 162 (1833)

= Triticum sativum subvar. vulgare (Vill.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; Fl. Centralkarpath. [Sagorski & Gus.Schneider] 563 (1891)

= Triticum sativum var. aestivum (L.) Bellynck; Fl. Namur 307 (1855), nom. illeg.

= Triticum sativum var. aestivum (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 109 (1805), nom. inval.

= Triticum sativum var. aestivum (L.) Wood; Class-book Bot. (ed. 2) 619 (1847)

= Triticum sativum var. album Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 165 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. brigantiacum Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 164 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. capense Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 163 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. compositum (L.) Wood; Class-book Bot. (ed. 2) 619 (1847)

= Triticum sativum var. etruscum Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 160 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. etruscum-robustior Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 161 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. giganteum Nois.; Hort. Belge 1: 170 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. herinaceum Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 161 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. hybernum (L.) Bellynck; Fl. Namur 307 (1855), nom. illeg.

= Triticum sativum var. hybernum (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 109 (1805)

= Triticum sativum var. neapolitanum Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 164 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. pictetianum Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 163 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. rubeolarium Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 165 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. rubescens Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 163 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. rubrum-villosum Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 165 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. semibarbatum Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 159 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. siculum Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 160 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. sinense Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 159 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. spartheum Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 160 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. trimestre Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 161 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. trimestre-nanum Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 164 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. trimestre-villosum Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 166 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. vulgare (Vill.) Hack.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] II, 2: 85 (1887)

= Triticum segetale Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 27 (1796), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Triticum sibiricum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 501 (1915), nomen

= Triticum siliginum Risso; Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 362 (1826)

= Triticum spelta subsp. vavilovii (Jakubz.) L.B.Cai; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 11: 222 (1991)

= Triticum sunpanii Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 501 (1915), nomen

= Triticum tustella Risso; Fl. Nice 533 (1844), nomen

= Triticum vavilovii (Thurn) Jakubz.; Sotsialist. Rasteniev. [Alexandrov] 7: 222 (1933)

= Triticum vavilovii var. lorenze Galst.-Avan.; Biol. Zhurn. Armenii 39(6): 522 (1986)

= Triticum vavilovii var. mravianii (Tumanian) Jakubz.; Priroda (Moscow) 11: 73 (1933)

= Triticum vavilovii var. munuru Gandilyan; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 65: 77 (1976)

= Triticum vavilovii var. mupuru Gandilyan; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 65: 78 (1976)

= Triticum vavilovii var. ramocoeruleum Galst.-Avan.; Biol. Zhurn. Armenii 39(6): 522 (1986)

= Triticum vavilovii var. ramomuticum Galst.-Avan.; Biol. Zhurn. Armenii 39(6): 521 (1986)

= Triticum vavilovii var. rubromirabile Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 150 (1976)

= Triticum vavilovii var. sisianicum Galst.-Avan.; Biol. Zhurn. Armenii 39(6): 521 (1986)

= Triticum vavilovii var. vaneum Jakubz.; Priroda (Moscow) 11: 73 (1933)

= Triticum vavilovii var. vavilovolutescens Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 150 (1976)

= Triticum vavilovii var. vavilovomilturum Udachin; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 73 (1978)

= Triticum velutinum Schübl.; Diss. Char. Desc. Cereal. 13 (1818)

= Triticum vulgare convar. aristatum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 330 (1866), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare convar. muticum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 328 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare f. blaringhemi Chun; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 11, 10: 177 (1949)

= Triticum vulgare f. chini Chun; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 11, 10: 177 (1949)

= Triticum vulgare subsp. aestivum (L.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 803 (1882), nom. illeg.

= Triticum vulgare subsp. aristatum Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg 44 (1834)

= Triticum vulgare subsp. hadropyrum Flaksb.; Izv. Gosud. Inst. Opydn. Agron. 6(2): 47 (1928)

= Triticum vulgare subsp. hybernum (L.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 803 (1882)

= Triticum vulgare subsp. iranoasiaticum Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 42 (1935)

= Triticum vulgare subsp. muticum Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg 44 (1834)

= Triticum vulgare subsp. sativum Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 370 (1894), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare subvar. inflatum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 3: 144 (1910), nomen

= Triticum vulgare subvar. karbulakianum Anikina; Trudy Vsesojuzn. Sezda Gen. Selekts. Semenov. Plemem. Zhivotnov. 1929(3): 48 (1929)

= Triticum vulgare var. aestivum (L.) Merrem; Handb. Pflanzenk. [Merrem] 48 (1809), nom. illeg.

= Triticum vulgare var. aestivum (L.) Spenn.; Fl. Friburg. 1: 163 (1825)

= Triticum vulgare var. aestivum (L.) Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 1: 133 (1809), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare var. albidum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 329 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. alborubrum Körn.; Syst. Uebers. Cereal. Bot. Gart. Königl. Preuss. Acad. Poppelsdorf 10 (1873), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare var. antiquorum Heer; Neujahrsbl. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 68: 13 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. aristatum (Schübl. & G.Martens) Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 70 (1843), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare var. barbarossa Alef.; Landw. Fl. 330 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. caesium Alef.; Landw. Fl. 330 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. coeruleovelutinum Körn.; Syst. Uebers. Cereal. Bot. Gart. Königl. Preuss. Acad. Poppelsdorf 12 (1873), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare var. erythrospermum Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 47 (1885)

= Triticum vulgare var. ferrugineum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 330 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. fuliginosum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 330 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. glabrum Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg 44 (1834)

= Triticum vulgare var. graecum Körn.; Syst. Uebers. Cereal. Bot. Gart. Königl. Preuss. Acad. Poppelsdorf 11 (1873), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare var. humboltii Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 52 (1885)

= Triticum vulgare var. hybernum (L.) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 438 (1833)

= Triticum vulgare var. hybernum (L.) Merrem; Handb. Pflanzenk. [Merrem] 48 (1809)

= Triticum vulgare var. hybernum (L.) Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 1: 133 (1809)

= Triticum vulgare var. hystrix Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 140 (1842)

= Triticum vulgare var. intermedium Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 139 (1842)

= Triticum vulgare var. iranicum Vavilov; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 13: 171 (1923)

= Triticum vulgare var. kurdistanicum Vavilov; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 13: 171 (1923)

= Triticum vulgare var. lammas Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 129 (1842)

= Triticum vulgare var. leucospermum Körn.; Syst. Uebers. Cereal. Bot. Gart. Königl. Preuss. Acad. Poppelsdorf 10 (1873), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare var. linaza Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 53 (1885)

= Triticum vulgare var. lutescens Alef.; Landw. Fl. 330 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. mesopotamicum Vavilov; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 13: 171 (1923)

= Triticum vulgare var. miltura Alef.; Landw. Fl. 329 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. mravianii Tumanian; Hatsabuyseri Voroshich 73, 194 (1933)

= Triticum vulgare var. muticum (Schübl. & G.Martens) Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 70 (1843)

= Triticum vulgare var. nemausense Wittm.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 59 (1885)

= Triticum vulgare var. nigroatrum Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum vulgare var. nigroerythrospermum Jakuschk.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 13(1): 95 (1923)

= Triticum vulgare var. pilosum Danguy; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 17: 452 (1911)

= Triticum vulgare var. pyrothrix Alef.; Landw. Fl. 329 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. saisette Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 122 (1842)

= Triticum vulgare var. submuticum Hausm.; Fl. Tirol [Hausmann] 2: 1017 (1852)

= Triticum vulgare var. subvelutinum Körn.; Syst. Uebers. Cereal. Bot. Gart. Königl. Preuss. Acad. Poppelsdorf 12 (1873), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare var. vavilovii (Jakubz.) Tumanian; Trudy Prikl. Bot., Ser. 5, Zernov. Kul´t. 2: 273, 281 (1934)

= Triticum vulgare var. velutinum (Schübl.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg 45 (1834)

= Triticum vulgare var. villosum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 329 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. villosum Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 1(2): 187 (1850), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare var. wernerianum Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 52 (1885)

= Triticum vulgare var. xanthura Alef.; Landw. Fl. 329 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 2: 153 (1787)

subspecies :

subsp. macha (Dekapr. & Menabde) McKey; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 48: 586 (1954)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO

Synonyms: hidden

= Triticum imereticum Dekapr.; Opred. Rast. Kavk. 718 (1949), no Latin descr.

= Triticum macha Dekapr. & Menabde; Trudy Prikl. Bot., Ser. 5, Zernov. Kul´t. 1: 14, 38 (1932)

= Triticum spelta subsp. macha (Dekapr. & Menabde) Dorof.; Genetica 3: 30 (1966)

= Triticum tubalicum Dekapr.; Opred. Rast. Kavk. 718 (1949), no Latin descr.

species :

Triticum boeoticum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 2(13): 69 (1853), as ´baeoticum´

Distribution: Spain [I]; Serbia; Kosovo; ?North Macedonia; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Samangan); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (Jazira)

12 spa 13 BUL GRC KOS SRB TUE 14 KRY UKR 33 ARM AZE NCS 34 AFG EAI IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Aegilops crithodium Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 355 (1854)

= Crithodium aegilopoides Link; Linnaea 9: (1834) 132, t. 3

= Crithodium jerevanii (Thumanjan) Á.Löve; Feddes Repert. 95: 491 (1984), nom. inval.

= Crithodium monococcum subsp. aegilopoides (Link) Á.Löve; Feddes Repert. 95(7-8): 490 (1984)

= Triticum aegilopoides (Link) Balansa ex Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 109 (1885), nom. illeg.

= Triticum aegilopoides proles boeoticum (Boiss.) Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 13-14: 67 (1899)

= Triticum aegilopoides proles tenax Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 13-14: 67 (1899)

= Triticum aegilopoides proles thaoudar Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 13-14: 66 (1899)

= Triticum aegilopoides f. bulgaricum (Stranski) Stoj. & Stef.; Fl. Bulg. [Stojanov & Stefanoff], ed. 3: 175 (1948)

= Triticum aegilopoides f. zuccarinii (Flaksb.) Stoj. & Stef.; Fl. Bulg. [Stojanov & Stefanoff], ed. 2, 1: 350 (1939)

= Triticum aegilopoides var. albonigrum Thumanjan; Trudy Prikl. Bot., Ser. 5, Zernov. Kul´t. 2: 257 (1934)

= Triticum aegilopoides var. album Thumanjan; Trudy Prikl. Bot., Ser. 5, Zernov. Kul´t. 2: 255 (1934)

= Triticum aegilopoides var. boeoticum (Boiss.) Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 166 (1921), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Triticum aegilopoides var. garniense Thumanjan; Trudy Prikl. Bot., Ser. 5, Zernov. Kul´t. 2: 257 (1934)

= Triticum aegilopoides var. thaoudar (Hausskn.) Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 167 (1921)

= Triticum aegilopoides var. zuccarinii (Flaksb.) Flaksb.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 19(1): 463 (1929)

= Triticum boeoticum subsp. aegilopoides (Link) Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim], ed. 2, 1: 350 (1939)

= Triticum boeoticum subsp. thaoudar (Hausskn.) Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim], ed. 2, 1: 350 (1939)

= Triticum boeoticum var. abovjanii Filat. & Dorof.; Fl. Cult. Pl. 1: 290 (1979)

= Triticum boeoticum var. albinigrescens (Flaksb.) Filat. & Dorof.; Fl. Cult. Pl. 1: 290 (1979)

= Triticum boeoticum var. albonigrum (Thumanjan) Filat. & Dorof.; Fl. Cult. Pl. 1: 287 (1979)

= Triticum boeoticum var. balansae (Flaksb.) Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim], ed. 2, 1: 350 (1939)

= Triticum boeoticum var. bulgaricum (Stranski) Valev; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Bulg. (Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg.) 1: 463 (1963)

= Triticum boeoticum var. clusii Hammer & Szabó; Proc. First Int. Workshop Hulled Wheats 14 (1996)

= Triticum boeoticum var. ebrahimzadehae Salimi; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 52: 356 (2005)

= Triticum boeoticum var. garniense (Thumanjan) Filat. & Dorof.; Fl. Cult. Pl. 1: 288 (1979)

= Triticum boeoticum var. ilamicum Salimi; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 52: 357 (2005)

= Triticum boeoticum var. khorramabadicum Salimi; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 52: 355 (2005)

= Triticum boeoticum var. pseudobaeticum (Flaksb.) Filat. & Dorof.; Fl. Cult. Pl. 1: 289 (1979)

= Triticum boeoticum var. reuteri (Flaksb.) Hammer & Szabó; Proc. First Int. Workshop Hulled Wheats 13 (1996)

= Triticum boeoticum var. subaznaburticum K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44(4): 286 (1997)

= Triticum boeoticum var. subbuluchevskajae K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44(4): 288 (1997)

= Triticum boeoticum var. sublarionovii K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44(4): 288 (1997)

= Triticum boeoticum var. taleghanicum Salimi; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 52: 357, fig. 4 (2005)

= Triticum boeoticum var. viridialbinigrescens K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44(4): 288 (1997)

= Triticum boeoticum var. viridihaussknechtii K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44(4): 288 (1997)

= Triticum boeoticum var. viridinigrireuteri K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44(4): 288 (1997)

= Triticum boeoticum var. zuccarinii (Flaksb.) Valev; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Bulg. (Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg.) 1: 463 (1963)

= Triticum jerevanii Thumanjan; Dokl. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 16: 334 (1937), no Latin descr.

= Triticum monococcum subsp. aegilopoides (Link) Thell.; Naturwiss. Wochenschr., N. F. 17: 470 (1918)

= Triticum monococcum subsp. boeoticum (Boiss.) C.Yen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 21(3): 292 (1983), isonym

= Triticum monococcum subsp. boeoticum (Boiss.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30(3): 228 (1932)

= Triticum monococcum subsp. thaoudar (Reut. ex Hausskn.) Zhuk.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 53: 442 (1968)

= Triticum monococcum var. boeoticum (Boiss.) Kneuck.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 9: 34 (1903)

= Triticum monococcum var. bulgaricum Stranski; Izv. Bulg. Bot. Druzh. 3: 202, 255 (1929)

= Triticum monococcum var. lasiorrhachis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 673 (1884)

= Triticum monococcum var. pseudobaeticum Flaksb.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 25: 207 (1925)

= Triticum monococcum var. thaoudar (Reut. ex Hausskn.) Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 6: 673 (1913)

= Triticum monococcum var. zuccarinii Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 6: 683 (1913)

= Triticum spontaneum f. albonigrum (Thumanjan) Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 352 (1935)

= Triticum spontaneum f. album (Thumanjan) Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 350 (1935)

= Triticum spontaneum f. garniense (Thumanjan) Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 354 (1935)

= Triticum spontaneum Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 339 (1935)

= Triticum spontaneum var. albinigrescens (Flaksb.) Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 346 (1935)

= Triticum spontaneum var. pseudobaeticum (Flaksb.) Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 351 (1935)

= Triticum spontaneum var. zuccarinii (Flaksb.) Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 353 (1935)

= Triticum thaoudar (Hausskn.) Flaksb.; Izv. Gosud. Inst. Opydn. Agron. 6(2): 40 (1928)

= Triticum thaoudar Reut. ex Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 13-14: 66 (1899)

= Triticum thaoudar var. albinigrescens Flaksb.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 21: 465 (1929)

= Triticum thaoudar var. atratum Thumanjan; Trudy Prikl. Bot., Ser. 5, Zernov. Kul´t. 2: 259 (1934)

= Triticum thaoudar var. balansae Flaksb.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 21: 463 (1929)

= Triticum thaoudar var. reuteri Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 345 (1935)

= Triticum thaoudar var. roseum Thumanjan; Trudy Prikl. Bot., Ser. 5, Zernov. Kul´t. 2: 259 (1934)

species :

Triticum compactum Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 4 (1809)

Name: Zwerg-Weizen (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [c]; Hungary [c]; Libya; Madeira; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan [I]; Uzbekistan [c]; Tajikistan [c]; Azerbaijan [I]; Iraq; Afghanistan [I]; Mongolia [I]

11 ger hun slo 20 LBY 21 MDR 31 rfe 32 kaz tzk uzb 33 aze 34 afg IRQ 37 mon

Synonyms: hidden

= Hordeum bulbosum Sieber ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 449 (1833), pro syn.

= Hordeum sieberianum Besser ex Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.]: 662 (1827)

= Secale creticum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 84 (1753), nom. utique rej.

= Triticum aestivum proles compactum (Host) Thell.; Naturwiss. Wochenschr., N. F. 17: 471 (1918)

= Triticum aestivum f. creticum (Mazzuc.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30(2): 230 (1932)

= Triticum aestivum subsp. compactum (Host) H.Messik.; Pfahlbauten Robenhausen 82 (1913)

= Triticum aestivum subsp. compactum (Host) Thell.; Naturwiss. Wochenschr., N. F. 17: 471 (1918)

= Triticum aestivum var. baladseetense K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 50: 85 (2003)

= Triticum aestivum var. compactum (Host) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 107 (1896)

= Triticum aestivum var. creticum (Mazzuc.) Mansf.; Züchter 21(1/2): 57 (1951)

= Triticum aestivum var. maqtaense Filat. & K.Hammer; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 50: 85, (2003)

= Triticum afghanicum Kudr.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Uzbekistansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 4: 19 (1941)

= Triticum amplissifolium Zhuk.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 69: 263 (1949)

= Triticum brachystachyon Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 107 (1813)

= Triticum burnaschewii Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 501 (1915), nomen

= Triticum compactum subsp. iranoasiaticum Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 101 (1935)

= Triticum compactum var. anatolicum Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum compactum var. arpualtriru Gandilyan; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 40: 60 (1965)

= Triticum compactum var. baladseetense (K.Hammer & Filat.) Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 57: 1138 (2010)

= Triticum compactum var. bar-darai Nigmat.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 16(9): 72 (1973)

= Triticum compactum var. creticum (Mazzuc.) Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 4: 10, 24 (1911)

= Triticum compactum var. griseovavilovianum Udachin; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 74 (1978)

= Triticum compactum var. maqtaense (Filat. & K.Hammer) Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 57: 1138 (2010)

= Triticum compactum var. nepalicum Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 149 (1976)

= Triticum compactum var. nigmatullinii Udachin & Shakhm.; Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 40: 54 (1991)

= Triticum compactum var. omanense Filat. & K.Hammer; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 57: 1138 (2010)

= Triticum compactum var. pseudoerinaceum Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum compactum var. pseudosplendens Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum compactum var. sarezicum Nigmat.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 16(9): 72 (1973)

= Triticum compactum var. sedabense Filat. & K.Hammer; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 57: 1137 (2010)

= Triticum compactum var. vysozkyi Udachin & Shakhm.; Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 40: 54 (1991)

= Triticum creticum (L.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 769 (1817), nom. illeg.

= Triticum creticum Mazzuc.; Sopra Alc. Sp. Frum. 41 (1807)

= Triticum persoonianum Mazzuc.; Tritic. Def. 22 (1812), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Triticum sativum subsp. compactum (Host) Bertsch & F.Bertsch; Fl. Württemberg Hohenzollern [Bertsch], ed. 2: 81 (1948)

= Triticum sativum subproles compactum (Host) Hack.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] II, 2: 85 (1887)

= Triticum sativum var. compactum (Host) Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 164 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. compactum (Host) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 129 (1890)

= Triticum sativum var. compactum (Host) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 89 (1934), nom. inval.

= Triticum sparsum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 501 (1915), nomen

= Triticum vulgare convar. compactum (Host) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 327 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare subsp. compactum (Host) Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 41 (1885)

= Triticum vulgare var. clavatum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 328 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. compactum (Host) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 327 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. creticum (Mazzuc.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 328 (1866), nom. illeg.

= Triticum vulgare var. creticum Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 142 (1842)

= Triticum vulgare var. humboldtii Körn.; Syst. Uebers. Cereal. Bot. Gart. Königl. Preuss. Acad. Poppelsdorf 12 (1873), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare var. icterinum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 328 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. sericeum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 328 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. splendens Alef.; Landw. Fl. 328 (1866)

species :

Triticum dicoccum Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 389 (1789) ex Schübl.

subspecies :

subsp. dicoccum

Name: Emmer (DE)

Distribution: Germany [c]; Slovakia [c]; SE-Europe [c]; Slovenia [c]; Croatia [c]; European Russia [c]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); India [c]; Bangladesh [c]

11 ger slo 13 cro slv 14 rus 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR 40 ban ind

Synonyms: hidden

= Gigachilon polonicum subsp. dicoccon (Schübl.) Á.Löve; Feddes Repert. 95(7-8): 497 (1984)

= Spelta amylea (Ser.) Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 114 (1842)

= Trisetum subspontaneum (Tzvelev) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 392 (1981)

= Triticum aestivum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell.; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg, Sér. 3, 38: 141 (1912)

= Triticum aestivum var. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 108 (1896)

= Triticum amyleum Ser.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 1: 124 (1818)

= Triticum amyleum var. atratum (Host) Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 30 (1827)

= Triticum armeniacum (Stolet.) Nevski; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 683 (1934)

= Triticum arras Hochst.; Flora 31: 450 (1848)

= Triticum atratum Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 5 (1809)

= Triticum cienfuegos Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 6 (1816)

= Triticum dicoccum convar. turgidoides Mustafaev & Ali-Zade; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 137 (1980)

= Triticum dicoccum f. armeniacum Stolet.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 14(1): 91, 110 (1925)

= Triticum dicoccum f. caucasicum Stolet.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 14(1): 90, 110 (1925)

= Triticum dicoccum f. supatoshvilii Supat.; Bull. Exp. Agron. Inst. Ga. 1: 92 (1929)

= Triticum dicoccum f. volgense Flaksb.; Opred. Nast. Khlebov 5: 24 (1923)

= Triticum dicoccum grex farrum (Bayle-Bar.) Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 306 (1935)

= Triticum dicoccum subsp. asiaticum Vavilov; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 51: 224 (1931)

= Triticum dicoccum subsp. atratum (Host) Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 145 (1824)

= Triticum dicoccum subsp. atratum (Host) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg 46 (1834)

= Triticum dicoccum subsp. azerbaidzhanicum Dorof. & Laptev; Vestn. Sel´skokhoz. Nauki 5: 30 (1967)

= Triticum dicoccum subsp. europaeum Vavilov; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 51: 224 (1931)

= Triticum dicoccum subsp. eurorum Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 296 (1935)

= Triticum dicoccum subsp. nudicoccon Kobyl. & Smekalova; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts., Priloz. 180: 150 (2019)

= Triticum dicoccum subsp. subspontaneum Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 41 (1973)

= Triticum dicoccum subsp. tricoccum (Schübl.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg 46 (1834)

= Triticum dicoccum subsp. volgense (Flaksb.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 41 (1973)

= Triticum dicoccum var. ajar Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 193 (1921)

= Triticum dicoccum var. album Schübl.; Flora 3: 450 (1820)

= Triticum dicoccum var. arpurunial Gandilyan; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 65: 74 (1976)

= Triticum dicoccum var. atratum (Host) Schrad.; Linnaea 12: 465 (1838)

= Triticum dicoccum var. carabahicum Dorof. & Laptev; Vestn. Sel´skokhoz. Nauki 5: 30 (1967), no type indicated.

= Triticum dicoccum var. caucasicum (Stolet.) Flaksb.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 19(1): 503 (1928)

= Triticum dicoccum var. cetae Gasan. & L.V.Semenova; Metodol. & Metodika Nauchn. Issl. Obl. Biol. & Ekol. Obrazov. 2: 149 (2003)

= Triticum dicoccum var. falcaterythromelan Ali-Zade; Izv. Akad. Nauk Azerbaijdzhansk. S.S.R., Ser. Biol. Med. Nauk 1980(6): 29 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. falcaticoerulescens Ali-Zade; Izv. Akad. Nauk Azerbaijdzhansk. S.S.R., Ser. Biol. Med. Nauk 1980(6): 29 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. falcatimelaleucum Ali-Zade; Izv. Akad. Nauk Azerbaijdzhansk. S.S.R., Ser. Biol. Med. Nauk 1980(6): 29 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. falcatimurciense Ali-Zade; Izv. Akad. Nauk Azerbaijdzhansk. S.S.R., Ser. Biol. Med. Nauk 1980(6): 29 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. falcatniloticum Ali-Zade; Izv. Akad. Nauk Azerbaijdzhansk. S.S.R., Ser. Biol. Med. Nauk 1980(6): 29 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. farrum (Bayle-Bar.) Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 64 (1915)

= Triticum dicoccum var. italicum K.Hammer; Proc. First Int. Workshop Hulled Wheats 18 (1996)

= Triticum dicoccum var. jakubzineri Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 149 (1976)

= Triticum dicoccum var. levimurciense Ali-Zade; Izv. Akad. Nauk Azerbaijdzhansk. S.S.R., Ser. Biol. Med. Nauk 1980(6): 29 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. mustafaevii Gasan. & L.V.Semenova; Gertsenovskie Chteniya 4: 14 (2004)

= Triticum dicoccum var. nigralbimuticum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 68(1): 137 (1980), et in Izv. Akad. Nauk Az. S.S.R., Biol. Nauk 1980(6): 27 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. nigrirubrimuticum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 68(1): 137 (1980), et in Izv. Akad. Nauk Az. S.S.R., Biol. Nauk 1980(6): 27 (1980 publ. 1981), as ´nigrirubromuticum´

= Triticum dicoccum var. nigrum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 68(1): 137 (1980), et in Izv. Akad. Nauk Az. S.S.R., Biol. Nauk 1980(6): 137 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. peterburghum Gasan. & Krjukova; Metodol. & Metodika Nauchn. Issl. Obl. Biol. & Ekol. Obrazov. 2: 149 (2003)

= Triticum dicoccum var. pseudoalbifumidum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 68(1): 137 (1980), et in Izv. Akad. Nauk Az. S.S.R., Biol. Nauk 1980(6): 28 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. pseudoalbispicatum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 68(1): 137 (1980), et in Izv. Akad. Nauk Az. S.S.R., Biol. Nauk 1980(6): 28 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. pseudoerythrurum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 68(1): 138 (1980), et in Izv. Akad. Nauk Az. S.S.R., Biol. Nauk 1980(6): 28 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. pseudonigralbum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 68(1): 137 (1980), et in Izv. Akad. Nauk Az. S.S.R., Biol. Nauk 1980(6): 28 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. pseudonigrirubrum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 68(1): 138 (1980), et in Izv. Akad. Nauk Az. S.S.R., Biol. Nauk 1980(6): 28 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. pseudorubrispicatum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 68(1): 138 (1980), et in Izv. Akad. Nauk Az. S.S.R., Biol. Nauk 1980(6): 28 (1980 publ. 1981), as ´pseudorubrospicatum´

= Triticum dicoccum var. pseudouncinatum Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 195 (1921)

= Triticum dicoccum var. ramosolencurum Ali-Zade; Izv. Akad. Nauk Azerbaijdzhansk. S.S.R., Ser. Biol. Med. Nauk 1980(6): 29 (1980 publ. 1981), as ´(Gandil.)´

= Triticum dicoccum var. ramosoprovinciale Ali-Zade; Izv. Akad. Nauk Azerbaijdzhansk. S.S.R., Ser. Biol. Med. Nauk 1980(6): 30 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. ramosoreichenbachii Ali-Zade; Izv. Akad. Nauk Azerbaijdzhansk. S.S.R., Ser. Biol. Med. Nauk 1980(6): 30 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. rubrifumidum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 68(1): 138 (1980), et in Izv. Akad. Nauk Az. S.S.R., Biol. Nauk 1980(6): 28 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. rubrimuticum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 68(1): 138 (1980), et in Izv. Akad. Nauk Az. S.S.R., Biol. Nauk 1980(6): 28 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. rubrispicatum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 68(1): 138 (1980), et in Izv. Akad. Nauk Az. S.S.R., Biol. Nauk 1980(6): 28 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. rubrospicalbum Gasan. & L.V.Semenova; Gertsenovskie Chteniya 4: 14 (2004)

= Triticum dicoccum var. rufescens Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 196 (1921)

= Triticum dicoccum var. rufum Schübl.; Flora 3: 450 (1820)

= Triticum dicoccum var. suberythromelan Ali-Zade; Izv. Akad. Nauk Azerbaijdzhansk. S.S.R., Ser. Biol. Med. Nauk 1980(6): 29 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. taschkentum Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 150 (1976)

= Triticum dicoccum var. tomentosum Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 195 (1921)

= Triticum dicoccum var. tricoccum (Schübl.) Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 1: 125 (1855)

= Triticum dicoccum var. turgidoides Mustafaev & Ali-Zade; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 68(1): 138 (1980), et in Izv. Akad. Nauk Az. S.S.R., Biol. Nauk 1980(6): 28 (1980 publ. 1981)

= Triticum dicoccum var. uncinatum Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 194 (1921)

= Triticum farrum Bayle-Bar.; Monogr. Agron. Cereal. 50 (1809)

= Triticum gaertnerianum Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 6 (1816)

= Triticum immaturatum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nomen

= Triticum maturatum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nomen

= Triticum monococcum var. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) P.Vilm.; Hort. Vilmor. 328 (1905)

= Triticum monococcum var. majus Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 2: 110 (1811)

= Triticum sativum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Hack.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] II, 2: 81, 84 (1887)

= Triticum sativum var. dicoccon (Schrank) Hack.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] II, 2: 81, 84 (1887)

= Triticum spelta subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Husn.; Graminées 4: 81 (1899)

= Triticum spelta subsp. tricoccon (Schübl.) Douin; Fl. Ill. France 62 (1934)

= Triticum spelta var. dicoccon Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 389 (1789)

= Triticum subspontaneum (Tzvelev) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 392 (1981)

= Triticum tricoccum Schübl.; Flora 3: 458, tt. 1, 2 (1820)

= Triticum turgidum subsp. asiaticum (Vavilov) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 40(2): 202 (2010)

= Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell.; Mitt. Naturwiss. Ges. Winterthur 12: 146 (1918)

= Triticum turgidum subsp. subspontaneum (Tzvelev) Valdés & H.Scholz; Willdenowia 36(2): 661 (2006)

= Triticum turgidum subsp. volgense (Flaksb.) Á.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 49 (1961)

= Triticum unibarbe Desv.; Mém. Soc. Agric. Angers 1: 245 (1833)

= Triticum volgense (Flaksb.) Nevski; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 683 (1934)

= Triticum vulgare convar. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 331 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare subsp. amyleum (Ser.) P.Vilm.; Hort. Vilmor. 328 (1905)

= Triticum vulgare subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 41, 81 (1885)

= Triticum vulgare var. atratum (Host) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 333 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. brunneum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 331 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. cladura Alef.; Landw. Fl. 333 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. dicoccon (Schrank) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 331 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. farrum (Bayle-Bar.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 331 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. fuchsii Alef.; Landw. Fl. 332 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. krausei Körn.; Syst. Uebers. Cereal. Bot. Gart. Königl. Preuss. Acad. Poppelsdorf 14 (1873), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare var. leucochiton Alef.; Landw. Fl. 332 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. leucocladus Alef.; Landw. Fl. 332 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. majus Körn.; Syst. Uebers. Cereal. Bot. Gart. Königl. Preuss. Acad. Poppelsdorf 14 (1873), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare var. melanura Alef.; Landw. Fl. 333 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. metzgeri Alef.; Landw. Fl. 332 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. phaeocladum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 332 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. pycnura Alef.; Landw. Fl. 333 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. seotinum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 331 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. subtricoccum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 332 (1866)

subspecies :

subsp. dicoccoides (Körn.) L.B.Cai; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 11(3): 221 (1991)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)

34 IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Gigachilon polonicum subsp. dicoccoides (Asch. & Graebn.) Á.Löve; Feddes Repert. 95: 496 (1984)

= Triticum dicoccoides (Asch. & Graebn.) Schweinf.; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 26a(4): 309 (1908)

= Triticum dicoccoides f. straussiana A.A.H.Schulz; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 31: 226, 229 (1913)

= Triticum dicoccoides subsp. palestinicum Jakubz.; Trudy Prikl. Bot., Priloz. 53-e: 160 (1932)

= Triticum dicoccoides var. johnsonii Filat. & K.Hammer; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 54(2): 232 (231) (2007)

= Triticum dicoccoides var. straussiana (A.A.H.Schulz) Flaksb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 56: 107 (1929)

= Triticum dicoccum var. dicoccoides Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 679 (1901)

= Triticum dicoccum var. straussiana (A.A.H.Schulz) Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 7: 765 (1914)

= Triticum sativum var. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. & Graebn.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 679 (1901)

= Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides (Asch. & Graebn.) Thell.; Naturwiss. Wochenschr., N. F. 17: 470 (1918)

= Triticum vulgare var. dicoccoides Körn.; Verh. Naturhist. Vereins Preuss. Rheinl. Westfalens 46(Sitz.-Ber.): 21 (1889), nomen

species :

Triticum durum Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 114 (1798)

Name: Hart-Weizen (DE); Durum wheat (EN); Trigo duro (ES)

Distribution: Germany [c]; Slovakia [c]; Hungary [c]; S- & SC-Europe [c]; Italy [c]; San Marino [c]; Croatia [c]; European Turkey; Morocco [c]; Algeria [c]; Tunisia [c]; Libya [c]; Canary Isl. [c] Mauritania; Sudan [c]; Ethiopia; Zimbabwe [c]; Siberia [I] (W-Siberia [I]); Turkmenistan [c]; Uzbekistan [c]; Kyrgyzstan [c]; Tajikistan [c]; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan [c]; Cyprus (N-Cyprus); China [c]; Pakistan [c]; India [c]; Myanmar [c]; Canada [c] (Alberta [c], Manitoba [c], Saskatchewan [c]); Honduras [c]

11 ger hun slo 13 cro ita sma TUE 20 alg lby mor tun 24 ETH sud 26 zim 30 sib 32 kgz tkm tzk uzb 34 afg CYP IRN IRQ TUR 36 chi 40 ind pak 41 mya 71 cdn 80 hon

Synonyms: hidden

= Gigachilon aethiopicum (Jakubz.) Á.Löve; Feddes Repert. 95(7-8): 497 (1984)

= Gigachilon polonicum subsp. durum (Desf.) Á.Löve; Feddes Repert. 95: 497 (1984)

= Triticum abyssinicum (Vavilov) Flaksb.; Opred. Nast. Khlebov, ed. 4: 13, 92 (1939), nom. illeg.

= Triticum abyssinicum (Vavilov) Vavilov; Pshenitsy Gruzii, ed. 2: 118(adnot.), 134 (1938), nom. illeg.

= Triticum accessorium Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nomen

= Triticum aestivum subsp. durum (Desf.) Chenevard; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Tessin 105 (1910)

= Triticum aestivum subsp. durum (Desf.) Thell.; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg, Sér. 3, 38: 143 (1912)

= Triticum aestivum var. durum (Desf.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 108 (1896)

= Triticum aestivum var. erinaceum (Hornem.) Mansf.; Züchter 21: 52 (1951)

= Triticum aethiopicum Jakubz.; Selekts. Semenov. (Moscow) 14(5): 46 (1947)

= Triticum aethiopicum var. hajirense Filat. & K.Hammer; Emirates J. Food. Agric. 26: 124 (2014)

= Triticum aethiopicum var. mahsanense Filat. & K.Hammer; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 57: 1135 (2010)

= Triticum alatum Peterm.; Flora 27: 234 (1844)

= Triticum algeriense Desf. ex Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 3, 1: 697 (1823), pro syn.

= Triticum bauhinii Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 6 (1816)

= Triticum brachystachyum Lag. ex Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.]: 656 (1827), pro syn.

= Triticum candidissimum Ard. ex Bayle-Bar.; Monogr. Agron. Cereal. 1: 42 (1809)

= Triticum caucasicum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nomen

= Triticum cochleare Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 6 (1816)

= Triticum compactum grex erinaceum (Hornem.) Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 114 (1935)

= Triticum compactum var. compressum Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 55 (1885)

= Triticum compactum var. copticum Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 55 (1885)

= Triticum compactum var. erinaceum (Hornem.) Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 177 (1915)

= Triticum compactum var. recognitum (Steud.) Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 55 (1885)

= Triticum densiusculum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nomen

= Triticum dicoccum var. arraseita (Hochst. ex Körn.) Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 195 (1921)

= Triticum dicoccum var. schimperi (Körn.) Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 196 (1921)

= Triticum diversifolium Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 342 (1854)

= Triticum durum convar. thumanjanii Gandilyan; Byull. Vsesojuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 65: 74 (1976)

= Triticum durum acutidenticulatum Flaksb.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 21: 456 (1929)

= Triticum durum f. breviaristatum Chiov.; Monogr. Rapp. Colon., Roma (Etiopia: Osserv. Bot. Agrar. Indust.) 19: 19 (1912)

= Triticum durum f. taganrocense Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 99 (1915), nom. illeg.

= Triticum durum f. trevesium (Mazzuc.) Vakar; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 19(1): 310, 356 (1928)

= Triticum durum f. tristeboeufii Lyapunova; Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017), nom. subnud.

= Triticum durum f. tristecauleucomelan Lyapunova; Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017), nom. subnud.

= Triticum durum f. tristehoranileucomelan Lyapunova; Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017), nom. subnud.

= Triticum durum f. tristemuticoboeufii Lyapunova; Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017), nom. subnud.

= Triticum durum f. tristepseudoalbiprovinciale Lyapunova; Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017), nom. subnud.

= Triticum durum f. tristepseudoprovinciale Lyapunova; Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017)

= Triticum durum grex leucura (Alef.) Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 196 (1935)

= Triticum durum group acutodenticulatum Flaksb.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 21: 456 (1929)

= Triticum durum subsp. abyssinicum Vavilov; Trudy Prikl. Bot., Priloz. 1931: 51 (1931)

= Triticum durum subsp. caucasicum Dorof.; Sel´skokhoz. Biol. 3: 347 (1968)

= Triticum durum var. aliendii M.I.Rudenko; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 41 (1978)

= Triticum durum var. arraseita Hochst. ex Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 70 (1885)

= Triticum durum var. atromarginatum Chiov.; Monogr. Rapp. Colon., Roma (Etiopia: Osserv. Bot. Agrar. Indust.) 19: 18 (1912)

= Triticum durum var. belizii Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 256 (1954)

= Triticum durum var. bicolor Chiov.; Monogr. Rapp. Colon., Roma (Etiopia: Osserv. Bot. Agrar. Indust.) 19: 16 (1912)

= Triticum durum var. candicans G.K.Meister; Zhurn. Opytn. Agron. Yugo-Vostoka 1: 55 (1922)

= Triticum durum var. cauaffine Dorof.; Sel´skokhoz. Biol. 3: 348 (1968)

= Triticum durum var. cauapulicum Dorof.; Sel´skokhoz. Biol. 3: 348 (1968), contrary to Art. 40 (ICN 2012)

= Triticum durum var. cauhordeiforme Dorof.; Sel´skokhoz. Biol. 3: 348 (1968)

= Triticum durum var. cauleucomelan Dorof.; Sel´skokhoz. Biol. 3: 348 (1968)

= Triticum durum var. cauleucurum Dorof.; Sel´skokhoz. Biol. 3: 347 (1968)

= Triticum durum var. compactum Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 173 (1842)

= Triticum durum var. complanatum Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 176 (1842)

= Triticum durum var. corvalanii M.I.Rudenko; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 41 (1978)

= Triticum durum var. dubium Chiov.; Monogr. Rapp. Colon., Roma (Etiopia: Osserv. Bot. Agrar. Indust.) 19: 16 (1912)

= Triticum durum var. falcataffine Lyapunova; Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 154 (2017)

= Triticum durum var. falcaterythromelan Lyapunova; Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 154 (2017)

= Triticum durum var. falcaticaerulescens Lyapunova; Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017)

= Triticum durum var. falcatiprovinciale Lyapunova; Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017)

= Triticum durum var. falcatoapulicum Udachin; Byull. Vsesojuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 74 (1978)

= Triticum durum var. fereafricanum Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 255 (1954)

= Triticum durum var. ferereichenbachii Jakubziner & Nikolaenko; Trudy Prikl. Bot., Priloz. 53: 38 (1932)

= Triticum durum var. feretristeleucomelan Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 256 (1954)

= Triticum durum var. griseofastuosum Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 255 (1954)

= Triticum durum var. heterochromum Chiov.; Monogr. Rapp. Colon., Roma (Etiopia: Osserv. Bot. Agrar. Indust.) 19: 17 (1912)

= Triticum durum var. hordeiforme (Host) Orlov; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 13(1): 374 (1923)

= Triticum durum var. hordeiforme (Host) Stolet.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 23: 121, 338 (1930)

= Triticum durum var. jakubzinerii Kurkiev; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 58: 158 (1976)

= Triticum durum var. leucura (Alef.) Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8(1-2): 79 (1915)

= Triticum durum var. marginatum Chiov.; Monogr. Rapp. Colon., Roma (Etiopia: Osserv. Bot. Agrar. Indust.) 19: 18 (1912)

= Triticum durum var. nigroviolaceum Orlov; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 13: 374 (1923)

= Triticum durum var. nosatovskii Grebenn.; Novye Formy Yar. Pshen. Donu [Grebennikov] 23, fig. 4 (1925)

= Triticum durum var. pilosoaffine Kurkiev; Sborn. Trudov Aspir. Molod. Nauchn. Sotrudn. Vsesojuzn. Inst. Rasteniev. 17: 40 (1970)

= Triticum durum var. pilosohordeiforme Kurkiev; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 58: 158 (1976)

= Triticum durum var. pilosomelanopus Kurkiev; Sborn. Trudov Aspir. Molod. Nauchn. Sotrudn. Vsesojuzn. Inst. Rasteniev. 17: 41 (1970)

= Triticum durum var. pilosomurciense Kurkiev; Sborn. Trudov Aspir. Molod. Nauchn. Sotrudn. Vsesojuzn. Inst. Rasteniev. 17: 41 (1970)

= Triticum durum var. pseudoboeufii Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 256 (1954)

= Triticum durum var. pseudocopticum Chiov.; Monogr. Rapp. Colon., Roma (Etiopia: Osserv. Bot. Agrar. Indust.) 19: 17 (1912)

= Triticum durum var. pseudoerythromelan Chiov.; Monogr. Rapp. Colon., Roma (Etiopia: Osserv. Bot. Agrar. Indust.) 19: 17 (1912)

= Triticum durum var. pyramidale (Delile) Heynh.; Nomencl. Bot. Hort. 824 (1841)

= Triticum durum var. ramosoapulicum Jakubz.; Dokl. Vsesoyuzn. Akad. Sel´skokhoz. Nauk Lenina 18(1): 46 (1953)

= Triticum durum var. ramosohordeiforme Jakubz.; Dokl. Vsesoyuzn. Akad. Sel´skokhoz. Nauk Lenina 18(1): 46 (1953)

= Triticum durum var. ramosoleucomelan Jakubz.; Dokl. Vsesoyuzn. Akad. Sel´skokhoz. Nauk Lenina 18(1): 46 (1953)

= Triticum durum var. ramosoleucurum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade; Byull. Vsesojuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 76 (1978)

= Triticum durum var. ramoso-obscurum Jakubz.; Dokl. Vsesoyuzn. Akad. Sel´skokhoz. Nauk Lenina 18(1): 46 (1953)

= Triticum durum var. schechurdinii G.K.Meister; Zhurn. Opytn. Agron. Yugo-Vostoka 1: 55 (1922)

= Triticum durum var. schimperi Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 71 (1885)

= Triticum durum var. sphaeroaffine N.P.Popov & I.T.Stankov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 34: 1699 (1981)

= Triticum durum var. sphaeroafricanum N.P.Popov & I.T.Stankov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 34: 1670 (1981)

= Triticum durum var. sphaeroleucurum N.P.Popov & I.T.Stankov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 34(12): 1699 (1981), without type

= Triticum durum var. sphaeromelanopus N.P.Popov & I.T.Stankov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 34(12): 1699 (1981), without type

= Triticum durum var. stebutii G.K.Meister; Zhurn. Opytn. Agron. Yugo-Vostoka 1: 55 (1922)

= Triticum durum var. taganrocense Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 149 (1833), nom. illeg.

= Triticum durum var. taganrocense Dunal ex Ser.; Mélang. Bot. 1(2): 109 (1818)

= Triticum durum var. taganrocense Risso; Bull. Soc. Agric. Nice 1832: 68 (1832), nom. illeg.

= Triticum durum var. tetraristatum Achmedov; Byull. Vsesojuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 106: 85 (1981)

= Triticum durum var. tristeaffine Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 256 (1954)

= Triticum durum var. tristeafricanum Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 255 (1954)

= Triticum erinaceum Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 106 (1813)

= Triticum fastuosum Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 6 (1816)

= Triticum hallerianum Mazzuc.; Tritic. Def. 13 (1812)

= Triticum hordeiforme Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 3 (1809)

= Triticum laxiusculum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nomen

= Triticum longisemineum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nomen

= Triticum maurorum Sennen; Cat. Fl. Rif Orient. 135 (1933), nomen

= Triticum molle Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 770 (1817), nomen

= Triticum nigrum Risso; Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 362, 473 (1826)

= Triticum orientale Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nomen

= Triticum platystachyum Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 6 (1816)

= Triticum pruinosum Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 107 (1813)

= Triticum pyramidale Delile ex Schult.; Mant. 2 [Schultes]: 414 (1824), pro syn.

= Triticum pyramidale Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 156, 262 (1921)

= Triticum pyramidale var. aydiniense Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum pyramidale var. diyabekiricum Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum pyramidale var. mudanianum Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum pyramidale var. pseudoaffine Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum pyramidale var. pseudodiyabekiricum Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum pyramidale var. pseudoreichenbachii Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum rarum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nomen

= Triticum recognitum Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 342 (1854)

= Triticum sativum subsp. durum (Desf.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 130 (1890)

= Triticum sativum subvar. candidissimum (Ard. ex Bayle-Bar.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 694 (1901)

= Triticum sativum var. durum (Desf.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 109 (1805)

= Triticum sativum var. erinaceum (Hornem.) Desv.; Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 161 (1833)

= Triticum sativum var. leucura (Alef.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 693 (1901)

= Triticum sativum var. pyramidale Delile; Descr. Égypte, Hist. Nat. 2: 53, 178 (1813)

= Triticum siculum Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 765 (1817)

= Triticum tanaiticum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nomen

= Triticum tiflisiense Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nomen

= Triticum tomentosum Bayle-Bar.; Monogr. Agron. Cereal. 40 (1809)

= Triticum transcaucasicum Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nomen

= Triticum trevesium Mazzuc.; Sopra Alc. Sp. Frum. 30 (1807)

= Triticum trevisium Desv.; Mém. Soc. Agric. Angers 1: 252 (1833), pro syn.

= Triticum turgidum convar. durum (Desf.) Bowden; Canad. J. Bot. 40: 1709 (1962)

= Triticum turgidum subsp. abyssinicum Vavilov; Theor. Pl. Breed. [Vavilov] 2: 8 (1935)

= Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.; Graminées 4: 80 (1899)

= Triticum turgidum subsp. pyramidale (Percival) Valdés & H.Scholz; Willdenowia 36: 661 (2006)

= Triticum turgidum Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 342 (1854), pro syn.

= Triticum turgidum var. durum (Desf.) P.C.Kuo; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 48 (1987)

= Triticum venulosum Hochst. ex Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 342 (1854), pro syn.

= Triticum venulosum Ser.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 1: 133 (1818)

= Triticum villosum Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 4 (1809)

= Triticum vulgare convar. durum (Desf.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 324 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare subsp. durum (Desf.) Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 41 (1885)

= Triticum vulgare subsp. durum (Desf.) Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 182 (1833)

= Triticum vulgare var. barbarum Körn.; Syst. Uebers. Cereal. Bot. Gart. Königl. Preuss. Acad. Poppelsdorf 13 (1873), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare var. bauhinii (Lag.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 332 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. candidissimum (Ard. ex Bayle-Bar.) Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 69 (1885)

= Triticum vulgare var. durum (Desf.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 324 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. erinaceum (Hornem.) Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 51, 54 (1885)

= Triticum vulgare var. erion Alef.; Landw. Fl. 325 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. hordeiforme (Host) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 325 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. italicum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 325 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. leptura Alef.; Landw. Fl. 325 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. leucomelan Alef.; Landw. Fl. 324 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. leucura Alef.; Landw. Fl. 324 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. melanopogon Chiov.; Monogr. Rapp. Colon., Roma (Etiopia: Osserv. Bot. Agrar. Indust.) 19: 13 (1912)

= Triticum vulgare var. melanpus Alef.; Landw. Fl. 325 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. provinciale Alef.; Landw. Fl. 325 (1866)

= Triticum vulgarioides Flaksb.; Opred. Nast. Khlebov, ed. 4: 13 (1939)

species :

Triticum monococcum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 86 (1753)

Name: Einkorn (DE)

Distribution: Germany [c]; Slovakia [c]; Hungary [c]; Italy [c]; Croatia [c]; Romania [c]; European Turkey; European Russia; Morocco [c]; Algeria [c]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq; Iran (W-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); China [c]; India [c]

11 ger hun slo 13 cro ita rom TUE 14 RUS 20 alg mor 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR 36 chi 40 ind

Synonyms: hidden

= Aegilops hordeiformis Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 354 (1854)

= Aegilops monococca (L.) D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(4): 297 (2024)

= Agropyron nigricans (Pers.) P.Candargy; Étude Monogr. Tribu des Hordes 58 (1901)

= Agropyron pubescens (M.Bieb.) Schischk.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 1928(2): 1 (1928)

= Brachypodium nigricans (Pers.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 101, 155, 180 (1812)

= Crithodium monococcum (L.) Á.Löve; Feddes Repert. 95: 490 (1984)

= Festuca poliens (Tausch) Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 317 (1854)

= Nivieria monococca (L.) Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 114 (1842)

= Nivieria venulosa (Ser.) Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 114 (1842)

= Triticum aegilopoides var. larionowii (Flaksb.) Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 168 (1921)

= Triticum aegilopoides var. pancicii (Flaksb.) Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 167 (1921)

= Triticum aestivum var. monococcum (L.) L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 1: 133 (1923)

= Triticum hornemannii Clemente; Agricultura (Bogota) 1: 73 (1818)

= Triticum monococcum grex sofianum (Stranski) Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 366 (1935)

= Triticum monococcum subsp. aegilopoides Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 701 (1901)

= Triticum monococcum subsp. cereale Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 702 (1901), nom. inval.

= Triticum monococcum subsp. sinskajae (Filat. & Kurkiev) Valdés & H.Scholz; Willdenowia 36(2): 661 (2006)

= Triticum monococcum var. albanicum K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44(4): 285 (1997)

= Triticum monococcum var. fertile Lej.; Rev. Fl. Spa 30 (1825)

= Triticum monococcum var. flavescens Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 112 (1885)

= Triticum monococcum var. gaterslebense K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44(4): 285 (1997)

= Triticum monococcum var. larionowii Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 6: 681, 691 (1913)

= Triticum monococcum var. mansfeldii K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44(4): 285 (1997)

= Triticum monococcum var. pancicii Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 6: 682, 692 (1913)

= Triticum monococcum var. reuteri (Flaksb.) K.Hammer & A.T.Szabó; Proc. First Int. Workshop Hulled Wheats 13 (1996)

= Triticum monococcum var. rubrum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 99 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Triticum monococcum var. sinskajae (Filat. & Kurkiev) Mac Key; Durum Wheat Breeding 01: 39 (2005)

= Triticum monococcum var. sofianum Stranski; Izv. Bulg. Bot. Druzh. 3: 208, 258 (1929)

= Triticum monococcum var. tingitianum Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 254 (1954)

= Triticum monococcum var. viridivulgare Filat. & K.Hammer; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44(4): 285 (1997)

= Triticum pubescens M.Bieb.; Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp. 81 (1798)

= Triticum sativum var. monococcum (L.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 1218 (1896)

= Triticum sinskajae Filat. & Kurkiev; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 54: 239 (1975)

= Triticum spelta subsp. monococcum (L.) Douin; Fl. Ill. France 62 (1934)

= Triticum tenax Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 13-14: 67 (1899)

= Triticum vulgare convar. monococcum (L.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 333 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. bidens Alef.; Landw. Fl. 334 (1866)

species :

Triticum polonicum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 127 (1762)

Name: Polnischer Weizen (DE)

Distribution: Germany [c]; Slovakia [c]; Hungary [c]; Croatia [c]; European Russia; Morocco [c]; Algeria [c]; Tunisia [c]; Libya [c]; Ethiopia [c]; Kazakhstan [c]; Uzbekistan [c]; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iraq (NE-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan); China [c]; Tibet; India [c]

11 ger hun slo 13 cro 14 RUS 20 alg lby mor tun 24 eth 32 kaz uzb 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN IRQ 36 chi TIB 40 ind

Synonyms: hidden

= Agropyron brevissimum P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 102 (1812) orth. var.

= Deina polonica (L.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 336 (1866)

= Deina polonica var. alba Alef.; Landw. Fl. 336 (1866)

= Deina polonica var. clavata Alef.; Landw. Fl. 337 (1866)

= Deina polonica var. ramosa Alef.; Landw. Fl. 336 (1866)

= Deina polonica var. semiaristata Alef.; Landw. Fl. 336 (1866)

= Deina polonica var. velutina Alef.; Landw. Fl. 336 (1866)

= Gigachilon polonicum (L.) Seidl; Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. [Berchtold et al.] 1: 425 (1836), in syn.

= Triticum abyssinicum Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 342 (1854)

= Triticum acuminatum Kajanus; Bibliogr. Genet. 3: 145 (1927), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Triticum aestivum var. polonicum (L.) L.H.Bailey; Man. Cult. Pl. 116 (1924)

= Triticum cevallos Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 6 (1816)

= Triticum glaucum Moench; Methodus [Moench] 174 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Triticum ispahanicum Heslot; Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 247: 2479 (1958), no type indicated.

= Triticum ispahanicum var. ispahanorufum Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 150 (1976), nom. inval.

= Triticum laevissimum Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 716 (1841), pro syn.

= Triticum maximum Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 2: 156 (1787)

= Triticum petropavlovskyi subsp. mexicanum Bogusl.; Byull. Vsesojuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 119: 74 (1982), no type indicated.

= Triticum petropavlovskyi Udachin & Migush.; Vestn. Sel´skokhoz. Nauki 9: 20 (1970)

= Triticum petropavlovskyi var. petroerythroleucon Udachin & Migush.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 150 (1976)

= Triticum petropavlovskyi var. petroferrugineum Udachin & Migush.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 150 (1976)

= Triticum petropavlovskyi var. petropseudobarbarossa Udachin & Migush.; Byull. Vsesojuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 74 (1978)

= Triticum polonicum subsp. abyssinicum (Steud.) Vavilov; Trudy Prikl. Bot., Priloz. 51: 159 (1931)

= Triticum polonicum subsp. compactum (Ser.) Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 98 (1885)

= Triticum polonicum subsp. oblongum (Ser.) Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 97 (1885)

= Triticum polonicum subsp. quadratum (Ser.) Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 98 (1885)

= Triticum polonicum var. abyssinicum (Steud.) Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 103 (1885)

= Triticum polonicum var. aristatum Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 28 (1827), nom. inval.

= Triticum polonicum var. chrysospermum Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 101 (1885)

= Triticum polonicum var. compactum Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 28 (1827)

= Triticum polonicum var. deformatum Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 187 (1842)

= Triticum polonicum var. dubium Börner; Fl. Deut. Volk 784 (1912)

= Triticum polonicum var. elvense Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 255 (1954)

= Triticum polonicum var. grandiflorum Döll; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 2(3): 224 (1880)

= Triticum polonicum var. longearistatum Körn.; Syst. Uebers. Cereal. Bot. Gart. Königl. Preuss. Acad. Poppelsdorf 15 (1873), nom. inval.

= Triticum polonicum var. oblongum Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 185 (1842)

= Triticum polonicum var. quadratum Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 183 (1842)

= Triticum polonicum var. sporadicum Vavilov & Fortun.; Trudy Prikl. Bot., Priloz. 51: 160 (1931)

= Triticum polonicum var. submuticum Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 28 (1827)

= Triticum polonicum var. tibeticum Udachin; Byull. Vsesojuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 74 (1978)

= Triticum turgidum subsp. polonicum (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 50 (1961)

= Triticum turgidum subsp. polonicum (L.) Thell.; Naturwiss. Wochenschr., N. F. 17: 470 (1918)

= Triticum turgidum var. polonicum (L.) Yan ex P.C.Kuo; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 48 (1987)

species :

Triticum spelta L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 86 (1753)

Name: Spelz, Dinkel (DE), Spelt (EN)

Distribution: C- & NW-Europe [c]; Germany [c]; Slovakia [c]; Hungary [c]; Slovenia [c]; Croatia [c]; Estonia [c]; Morocco [c]; Algeria [c]; Tunisia [c]; Libya [c]; Ethiopia [c]; Zimbabwe [c]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iraq (W-Iraq); Cyprus (C-Mountains); India [c]; USA [c] (Kentucky [c], Vermont [c])

11 ger hun slo 13 cro slv 14 est 20 alg lby mor tun 24 eth 26 zim 33 ARM AZE 34 CYP IRQ 40 ind 75 usa 78 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Agropyron filiforme (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 760 (1817)

= Spelta vulgaris Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 114 (1842)

= Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta (L.) Thell.; Mitt. Naturwiss. Ges. Winterthur 12: 147 (1918)

= Triticum aestivum subsp. tibetanum Q.Q.Shao; Acta Genet. Sin. 7: 155 (1980), no type indicated.

= Triticum aestivum subsp. yunnanense King ex S.L.Chen; Novon 7(3): 230 (1997)

= Triticum aestivum var. spelta (L.) Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 1: 133 (1923)

= Triticum aestivum var. spelta (L.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 108 (1896)

= Triticum arduinoi Mazzuc.; Sopra Alc. Sp. Frum. 50 (1807)

= Triticum arias Clemente; Agricultura (Bogota) 1: 74 (1818)

= Triticum bengalense P.Lawson; Agric. Man. 28 (1836)

= Triticum duhamelianum Mazzuc.; Sopra Alc. Sp. Frum. 55 (1807)

= Triticum elymoides Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 107 (1813)

= Triticum forskalei Clemente; Agricultura (Bogota) 1: 74 (1818)

= Triticum palmovae G.I.Ivanov; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 142: 79 (1984)

= Triticum rufescens Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 717 (1841), pro syn.

= Triticum sativum subsp. spelta (L.) Hack.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] II, 2: 81 (1887)

= Triticum sativum subsp. spelta (L.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 120 (1890), nom. illeg.

= Triticum spelta f. arduinoi (Mazzuc.) Brand; Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3 [Hallier & Brand] 2793 (1907)

= Triticum spelta f. aristatum (Schübl. & G.Martens) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 92 (1914)

= Triticum spelta f. duhamelianum (Mazzuc.) Brand; Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3 [Hallier & Brand] 2793 (1907)

= Triticum spelta f. muticum (Schübl. & G.Martens) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 92 (1914)

= Triticum spelta grex duhamelianum (Mazzuc.) Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 136 (1935), nom. inval.

= Triticum spelta subsp. aristatum (Schübl.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg 46 (1834)

= Triticum spelta subsp. aristatum Schübl.; Flora 3: 461 (1820)

= Triticum spelta subsp. kuckuckianum Gökgöl; Getreide & Mehl 7: 80 (1963)

= Triticum spelta subsp. muticum (Schübl.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg 46 (1834)

= Triticum spelta subsp. muticum-album Schübl.; Flora 3: 461 (1820)

= Triticum spelta subsp. muticum-rufum Schübl.; Flora 3: 461 (1820)

= Triticum spelta subsp. tibetanum (Q.Q.Shao) N.P.Gonch.; Comp. Genet. Wheats Related Sp., ed. 2: 403 (2012), nom. inval.

= Triticum spelta subsp. velutinum Schübl.; Flora 3: 461 (1820)

= Triticum spelta subsp. yunnanense (King ex S.L.Chen) N.P.Gonch.; Comp. Genet. Wheats Related Sp., ed. 2: 403 (2012)

= Triticum spelta var. albumcompactoides Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 257 (1954)

= Triticum spelta var. arduinoi (Mazzuc.) Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 130 (1915)

= Triticum spelta var. aristatum (Schübl. & G.Martens) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 869 (1864)

= Triticum spelta var. duhamelianum (Mazzuc.) Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 171, 197 (1915)

= Triticum spelta var. griseoturanorecens Udachin; Byull. Vsesojuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 74 (1978)

= Triticum spelta var. ispharosubbaktiaricum Udachin; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 73 (1978)

= Triticum spelta var. kuckuckianum Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 150 (1976)

= Triticum spelta var. muticum (Schübl.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 100 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Triticum spelta var. saharae Ducell.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 11: 92 (1920)

= Triticum spelta var. subbuldoji Udachin; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 74 (1978)

= Triticum spelta var. tarakanovii Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56: 150 (1976)

= Triticum spelta var. tashausicum Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 45(2): 47 (1971)

= Triticum spelta var. turanoalborescens Udachin; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 74 (1978)

= Triticum spelta var. turanoalefeldii Udachin; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 74 (1978)

= Triticum spelta var. viridoalbispicatum Jakubz.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 44: 55 (1971)

= Triticum spelta var. viridoarduinii Jakubz. & Puchalski; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 44: 55 (1971)

= Triticum spelta var. zea (Host) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 3 (Clav. Enum. Gen.): III (1833)

= Triticum speltiforme Seidl ex Opiz; Naturalientausch 9: 106 (1825)

= Triticum speltoides Flaksb.; Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 498 (1915), nomen

= Triticum vulgare convar. spelta (L.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 334 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare subsp. spelta (L.) Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 41, 75 (1885)

= Triticum vulgare var. album Alef.; Landw. Fl. 335 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. alefeldii Körn.; Syst. Uebers. Cereal. Bot. Gart. Königl. Preuss. Acad. Poppelsdorf 13 (1873), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare var. arduinoi (Mazzuc.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 334 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. coeruleum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 335 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. duhamelianum (Mazzuc.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 335 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. erubescens Körn.; Syst. Uebers. Cereal. Bot. Gart. Königl. Preuss. Acad. Poppelsdorf 14 (1873), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare var. fringillarum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 335 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. michauxii Alef.; Landw. Fl. 334 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. rubrovelutinum Körn.; Syst. Uebers. Cereal. Bot. Gart. Königl. Preuss. Acad. Poppelsdorf 14 (1873), nom. inval.

= Triticum vulgare var. rufum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 335 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. vulpinum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 335 (1866), nom. illeg.

= Triticum zea Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 3: 20 (1805)

= Zeia spelta (L.) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 226 (1915)

species :

Triticum sphaerococcum Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 321 (1921)

Distribution: Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Pakistan (Sind, Pakistani Punjab); India [c]; Bangladesh [c]

34 IRQ 40 ban ind PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Triticum aestivum subsp. sphaerococcum (Percival) Mac Key; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 48: 586 (1954)

= Triticum sphaerococcum var. ischkaschimicum Nigmat.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 15(10): 58 (1972)

= Triticum sphaerococcum var. jakubzineri I.T.Stankov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 30: 111 (1977)

= Triticum sphaerococcum var. kibraicum Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 149 (1976)

= Triticum sphaerococcum var. kostoffii I.T.Stankov & Tsikov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 26(6): 810 (1973)

= Triticum sphaerococcum var. malkoffii I.T.Stankov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 30: 111 (1977)

= Triticum sphaerococcum var. pakistanicum Udachin; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 149 (1976)

= Triticum sphaerococcum var. popovii I.T.Stankov & Tsikov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 26(6): 807 (1973)

= Triticum sphaerococcum var. pseudoalboglabrum B.Bochev; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 32: 968 (1979)

= Triticum sphaerococcum var. pseudoalbopubescens B.Bochev; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 32: 968 (1979)

= Triticum sphaerococcum var. pseudoechinatum B.Bochev; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 32: 968 (1979)

= Triticum sphaerococcum var. pseudorubra-aristatum B.Bochev; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 32: 968 (1979)

= Triticum sphaerococcum var. rubroalbum I.T.Stankov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 30: 111 (1977)

= Triticum sphaerococcum var. rubroaristatum I.T.Stankov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 30: 111 (1977)

= Triticum sphaerococcum var. rubiginosum Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 323 (1921)

species :

Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 19(2): 64 (1928)

subspecies :

subsp. timopheevii

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey; Iraq; Iran

33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Aegilops timopheevii (Zhuk.) D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(4): 297 (2024)

= Gigachilon timopheevii (Zhuk.) Á.Löve; Feddes Repert. 95(7-8): 497 (1984)

= Triticum araraticum Jakubz.; Selekts. Semenov. (Moscow) 14(5): 46 (1947)

= Triticum araraticum subsp. kurdistanicum Dorof. & Migush.; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 72: 76 (1977)

= Triticum araraticum var. hirtiglumis (Nábelek) Migush. & Dorof.; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 72: 76 (1977), without basionym ref.

= Triticum araraticum var. nudiglumis (Nábelek) Migush. & Dorof.; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 72: 76 (1977), withoutbasionym ref.

= Triticum chaldicum Menabde; Pshenitsy Gruzii 196 (1948)

= Triticum dicoccum var. timopheevi Zhuk.; Zap. Nauchno-Prikl. Otd. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 3: 1, f. 1 (1924)

= Triticum miguschovae Zhirov; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 16 (1980)

= Triticum militinae Zhuk. & Migush.; Vestn. Sel´skokhoz. Nauki 2: 16 (1969)

= Triticum nikolai Fed. & Takht. ex Zhuk.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 53: 442 (1968), nomen

= Triticum timonovum Heslot & Ferrary; Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 248: 455 (1959)

= Triticum timopheevii subsp. araraticum (Jakubz.) McKey; Hereditas (Lund), Suppl. 2: 267 (1966)

= Triticum timopheevii subsp. militinae (Zhuk. & Migush.) Valdés & H.Scholz; Willdenowia 36: 661 (2006)

= Triticum timopheevii var. araraticum (Jakubz.) C.Yen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 21(3): 294 (1983)

= Triticum turgidum subsp. timopheevii (Zhuk.) Á.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 50 (1961)

subspecies :

subsp. armeniacum (Á.Löve) van Slageren; Wageningen Agric. Univ. Pap. 94(7): 92 (1994)

Distribution: Armenia; etc.

33 ARM

Synonyms: hidden

= Gigachilon timopheevii subsp. armeniacum (Á.Löve) Á.Löve; Feddes Repert. 95: 497 (1984)

= Triticum armeniacum (Jakubz.) Makush.; Compt.-Rend. (Dokl.) Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S., n. s. 21: 345 (1938) non Nevski (1934)

= Triticum dicoccoides subsp. armeniacum Jakubz.; Trudy Prikl. Bot., Ser. 2, Genet. Rast. 5: 155 (1932), nomen

= Triticum montanum Makush.; Uchen. Zap. Leningradsk. Gosud. Pedagog. Inst. Gertsena 66(8): 138 (1948) [nom. illeg.]

= Triticum turgidum subsp. armeniacum Á.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 50 (1961)

species :

Triticum turgidum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 86 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. turgidum

Name: Rivet Wheat (EN), Rauh-Weizen, Englischer Weizen (DE)

Distribution: England [c]; Germany [c]; Slovakia [c]; Hungary [c]; Croatia [c]; European Turkey; European Russia; Algeria [c]; Egypt [c]; Ethiopia [c]; Tajikistan [c]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); China [c]; Pakistan (Sind, Kurram, ?Baluchistan); India [c]; Canada [c] (Manitoba [c], Ontario [c], Saskatchewan [c]); USA [c] (New York [c])

10 grb 11 ger hun slo 13 cro TUE 14 RUS 20 alg egy 24 eth 32 tzk 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR 36 chi 40 ind PAK 71 cdn 72 cdn 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Aegilops turgida (L.) D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(4): 297 (2024)

= Gigachilon polonicum subsp. turgidum (L.) Á.Löve; Feddes Repert. 95(7-8): 497 (1984)

= Triticum aestivum subsp. turgidum (L.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 99 (1913)

= Triticum aestivum subsp. turgidum (L.) Domin; Preslia 15: 43 (1935)

= Triticum aestivum var. turgidum (L.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 108 (1896)

= Triticum cereale var. turgidum (L.) Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 266 (1816)

= Triticum cereale var. turgidum (L.) Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 118 (1830)

= Triticum cereale var. turgidum Lilj.; Utkast Sv. Fl., ed. 2: 51 (1798)

= Triticum compositum (L.) Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 1: 133 (1809)

= Triticum compositum L.; Syst. Veg., ed. 13 [J.A.Murray] 108 (1774)

= Triticum dicoccum subsp. maroccanum Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 302 (1935)

= Triticum durum subsp. turgidum (L.) Dorof.; Sel´skokhoz. Biol. 3: 456 (1968)

= Triticum hosteanum Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 323 (1824), pro syn.

= Triticum hybernum var. compositum L.; Syst. Veg., ed. 13 [J.A.Murray], 2: 108 (1774)

= Triticum jakubzineri (Udachin & Shakhm.) Udachin & Shakhm.; Vestn. Sel´skokhoz. Nauki 2: 43 (1977)

= Triticum linnaeanum Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 6 (1816), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Triticum pilosum Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 106 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Triticum polonicum var. turgidum (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 109 (1805)

= Triticum sardinicum Koeler ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 323 (1824), pro syn.

= Triticum sativum subsp. turgidum (L.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 129 (1890), nom. illeg.

= Triticum sativum var. compositum (L.) Alph.Wood; Class-book Bot. (ed. 2a): 619 (1847)

= Triticum sativum var. sardinicum Koeler; Descr. Gram. [Koeler] 341 (1802)

= Triticum sativum var. turgidum (L.) Delile; Descr. Égypte, Hist. Nat. 2: 53, 177 (1813)

= Triticum sativum var. turgidum (L.) Jess.; Deutschl. Gräser 191 (1863)

= Triticum sphaerococcum nothomorph. jakubzineri I.T.Stankov; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 30(1): 111 (1977)

= Triticum turgidum subsp. jakubzineri Udachin & Shakhm.; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 23: 4 (1972), nom. prov.

= Triticum turgidum subsp. maroccanum (Flaksb.) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 40(2): 202 (2010)

= Triticum turgidum var. aristatum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 98 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Triticum turgidum var. caryopsirubrum Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum turgidum var. compactolusitanicum Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 254 (1954)

= Triticum turgidum var. complanatum Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 160 (1842)

= Triticum turgidum var. compositum (L.) Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 1: 124 (1857)

= Triticum turgidum var. compositum (L.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 358 (1828)

= Triticum turgidum var. compositum (L.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 21 (1830)

= Triticum turgidum var. feresalomonis Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 254 (1954)

= Triticum turgidum var. griseomegalopolitanum Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3(2): 254 (1954)

= Triticum turgidum var. izmiricum Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum turgidum var. kiharae Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 255 (1954)

= Triticum turgidum var. miscibile Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum turgidum var. nigroglumarum Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum turgidum var. quadratum Ser.; Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 148 (1842)

= Triticum turgidum var. pseudocervinum Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 59, 63 (1885)

= Triticum turgidum var. submuticum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 98 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Triticum turgidum var. tristespeciosissimum Sanchez-Monge & Villena; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 254 (1954)

= Triticum vulgare convar. compositum (L.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 326 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare convar. turgidum (L.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 325 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare subsp. turgidum (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 370 (1894)

= Triticum vulgare subsp. turgidum (L.) Körn.; Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 41 (1885)

= Triticum vulgare var. buccale Alef.; Landw. Fl. 326 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. cervinum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 327 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. coeleste Alef.; Landw. Fl. 327 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. columbinum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 327 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. compositum (L.) Alph.Wood; Class-book Bot. (ed. 1860): 802 (1860)

= Triticum vulgare var. compositum (L.) Merrem; Handb. Pflanzenk. [Merrem] 48 (1809)

= Triticum vulgare var. dinura Alef.; Landw. Fl. 326 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. gentile Alef.; Landw. Fl. 326 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. jodura Alef.; Landw. Fl. 326 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. linnaeanum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 327 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. pavoninum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 327 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. speciosum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 326 (1866)

= Triticum vulgare var. turgidum (L.) Merrem; Handb. Pflanzenk. [Merrem] 48 (1809)

= Triticum vulgare var. turgidum (L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 323 (1824)

subspecies :

subsp. carthlicum (Nevski) Á.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 49 (1961)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Gigachilon polonicum subsp. carthlicum (Nevski) Á.Löve; Feddes Repert. 95(7-8): 496 (1984)

= Triticum acuminatum subsp. persicum (Percival) Kajanus; Bibliogr. Genet. 3: 145 (1927)

= Triticum carthlicum (Vavilov ex Zhuk.) Nevski; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 685 (1934)

= Triticum carthlicum var. arnual Gandilyan; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 65: 75 (1976)

= Triticum carthlicum var. arnurual Gandilyan; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 65: 75 (1976)

= Triticum carthlicum var. arpual Gandilyan; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 65: 76 (1976)

= Triticum carthlicum var. narpual Gandilyan; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 65: 76 (1976)

= Triticum carthlicum var. narpurual Gandilyan; Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 65: 77 (1976)

= Triticum dicoccum var. persicum Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 196 (1921)

= Triticum ibericum Menabde; Pshenitsy Gruzii 50 (1948), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Triticum paradoxum (Vavilov ex Zhuk.) Parodi; Revista Argent. Agron. 7: 49 (1940)

= Triticum persicum (Percival) Vavilov; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 13: 4 (1923), nom. illeg.

= Triticum persicum var. coeruleum Zhuk.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 13: 49 (1923)

= Triticum persicum var. darginicum V.R.Berg & Muizhnek; Trudy Vsesojuzn. Sezda Gen. Selekts. Semenov. Plemem. Zhivotnov. 1929(3): 383 (1930)

= Triticum persicum var. fuliginosum Zhuk.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 13: 50 (1923)

= Triticum persicum var. osseticum Grebenn.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 24(2): 15 (1930)

= Triticum persicum var. rubiginosum Zhuk.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 13: 49 (1923)

= Triticum persicum var. stramineum Zhuk.; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 13: 49 (1923)

= Triticum persicum Vavilov; Izv. Petrovsk. Sel´skokhoz. Akad. (1917-20) 1918(1-4): 177 (1919), nom. prov.,et. Izv. Agron. Fak. Saratovsk. Univ. 1: 21 (1921), nom. illeg.

= Triticum spelta var. carthlicum Zhizhil. & Berishv.; Soobshch. Akad. Nauk Gruzinsk. S.S.R. 123(1): 147 (1986)

= Triticum turgidum var. carthlicum (Nevski) P.C.Kuo; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 48 (1987)

subspecies :

subsp. georgicum (Dekapr. & Menabde) Mac Key ex Hanelt; Mansfeld´s Encycl. 5: 2573 (6: 2826) (2001)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO

Synonyms: hidden

= Gigachilon polonicum subsp. palaeocolchicum (Menabde) Á.Löve; Feddes Repert. 95: 497 (1984)

= Triticum dicoccum subsp. georgicum (Dekapr. & Menabde) Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 301 (1935)

= Triticum dicoccum var. chwamlicum Supat.; Vest. Inst. Exp. Argon. Gruzii 1: 92 (1929)

= Triticum dicoccum grex georgicum Dekapr. & Menabde; Trudy Prikl. Bot., Ser. 5, Zernov. Kul´t. 1: 14, 37 (1932)

= Triticum dicoccum var. chvamlicum Supat.; Vest. Inst. Exp. Argon. Gruzii 1: 92 (1929)

= Triticum georgicum (Dekapr. & Menabde) Dekapr.; Sakharthw. S.S.R. Mec´niereb. Akad. Moambe 2(10): 916 (1941 publ. 1942), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Triticum georgicum convar. palaeocolchicum Mándy; Acta Agron. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 416 (1970), no replaced synonym ref.

= Triticum karamyschevii Nevski; Sovetsk. Bot. 1935(6): 127 (1935)

= Triticum macha subsp. palaeocolchicum (Á.Löve & D.Löve) L.B.Cai; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 11(3): 220 (1991)

= Triticum palaeocolchicum Menabde; Comm. Georg. Br. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R. 1: 686 (1940), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Triticum palaeocolchicum var. chvamlicum (Supat.) Menabde; Comm. Georg. Br. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R. 1: 686 (1940)

= Triticum palaeocolchicum var. rubidum Menabde; Comm. Georg. Br. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R. 1: 686 (1940)

= Triticum turgidum subsp. georgicum (Dekapr. & Menabde) Mackey ex Hanelt; Mansfeld´s Encycl. 5: 2573 (2001)

= Triticum turgidum subsp. palaeocolchicum (Menabde) Á.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 50 (1961)

subspecies :

subsp. turanicum (Jakubz.) Á.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 49 (1961)

Distribution: Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.); China (Xinjiang)

32 kaz KGZ TKM UZB 33 AZE NCS 34 IRN 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Gigachilon polonicum subsp. turanicum (Jakubz.) Á.Löve; Feddes Repert. 95(7-8): 497 (1984)

= Triticum acuminatum subsp. orientale Kajanus; Bibliogr. Genet. 3: 145 (1927)

= Triticum durum proles orientale (Kajanus) Flaksb.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 187 (1935)

= Triticum durum grex orientale (Kajanus) Kobelev; Zemledel. Turtsiya [Zhukovsky] 183, 806 (1933)

= Triticum durum subsp. turanicum (Jakubz.) L.B.Cai; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 11: 222 (1991)

= Triticum orientale Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 155, 204 (1921) [non M. Bieb. (1808)]

= Triticum orientale var. bandirmaicum Percival; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum orientale var. gazimustafakemalii Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum orientale var. generosum Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum orientale var. notabile Percival; Wheat Pl. Monogr. 205 (1921)

= Triticum orientale var. pseudobandirmaicum Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum orientale var. yalovanianum Hacizade; Züchter 4: 76 (1932)

= Triticum percivalianum (Percival) Parodi; Descr. Pl. Cult. 1: 143 (1959), nom. inval.

= Triticum percivalii C.E.Hubb. ex E.Schiem.; Züchter 19: 323 (1948), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Triticum turanicum Jakubz.; Selekts. Semenov. (Moscow) 14(5): 46 (1947)

= Triticum turanicum var. quasinotabile Udachin & Potokina; Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 117: 128 (1988)

= Triticum turgidum convar. turanicum (Jakubz.) Mac Key; Proc. Second Int. Wheat Genet. Symp., Hereditas (Lund), Suppl. 2: 268 (1966)

species :

Triticum urartu Thumanjan ex Gandilyan; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57(2): 176 (1972)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey [I]; Lebanon [I]

32 KAZ 33 ARM AZE 34 leb tur

Synonyms: hidden

= Aegilops urartu (Gandilyan) D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(4): 297 (2024)

= Crithodium urartu (Thumanjan ex Gandilyan) Á.Löve; Feddes Repert. 95: 491 (1984)

= Triticum boeoticum subsp. uruartu Dorof.; Euphytica 17: 453 (1968), nomen

= Triticum michaelii Zhuk.; Kult. Rast. Sorod., ed. 3: 96 (1971), nomen

= Triticum monococcum subsp. michaelii Fed. & Takht. ex Zhuk.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 53: 442 (1968), nomen

= Triticum monococcum subsp. uruartu Á.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 1 (1961), nomen

= Triticum urartu var. albonigricans Thumanjan ex Dorof. & Filat.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R., ed. 2, 1: 38 (1979)

= Triticum urartu var. binartulutriru Gandiljan ex Dorof. & Filat.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R., ed. 2, 1: 38 (1979)

= Triticum urartu var. binarturutriru Gandilyan; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 177 (1972)

= Triticum urartu var. iranicum Salimi; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 52: 358 (2005)

= Triticum urartu var. libanicum K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44(4): 286 (1997)

= Triticum urartu var. nigrum Thumanjan ex Dorof. & Filat.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R., ed. 2, 1: 38 (1979)

= Triticum urartu var. pubescentinigrum K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44(4): 286 (1997)

= Triticum urartu var. pubescentiurartu K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44(4): 286 (1997)

= Triticum urartu var. sardashticum Salimi; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 52: 358 (2005)

= Triticum urartu var. spontaneoalbum Thumanjan ex Dorof. & Filat.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R., ed. 2, 1: 38 (1979)

= Triticum urartu var. spontaneorubrum Thumanjan ex Dorof. & Filat.; Kul´t. Fl. S.S.S.R., ed. 2, 1: 38 (1979)

= Triticum urartu var. turcicum K.Hammer & Filat.; Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44(4): 286 (1997)

species :

Triticum ×zhukovskyi Menabde & Erizin; Sakharthw. S.S.R. Mec´niereb. Akad. Moambe 25: 732 (1960)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; etc.

33 GEO

Remarks: Triticum monococcum x T. timopheevii

Synonyms: hidden

= Gigachilon ×zhukovskyi (Menabde & Erizin) Á.Löve; Feddes Repert. 95: 498 (1984)

= Triticum timopheevii subsp. zhukovskyi (Menabde & Ericzjan) L.B.Cai; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 11(3): 220 (1991)

= Triticum ×timococcum Kostov; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 16: 252 (1936), no Latin descr.

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
**in total 1,416,144* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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Search

+ Family

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Search for: Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
**in total 1,416,144* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]