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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35209; hybrids: 676
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.7723 Genus Vicoa Cass.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 17: 418 (1829)
Distribution: mostly temperate Asia, 2 to Africa
Species listed in database: 16
species :
Vicoa albertoregelia C.Winkl.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11: 277 (1890)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Baghlan, Bamyan, Ghorat)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula albertoregelia B.Fedtsch.; Rastitel´n Turkest. [B.Fedtschenko] 731 (1915)
= Pentanema albertoregelia (C.Winkl.) Gorschk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 25: 479 (1959)
species :
Vicoa anisopappoides Anderb. & Bengtson; Willdenowia 52(3): 378 (2022)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Vicoa cernua Dalzell; Bombay Fl. [Dalzell & Gibson] 126 (1861)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Pakistan (Sind); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra Rajasthan, West Bengal); N-Thailand
36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula cernua (Dalzell) R.R.Stewart; Fl. W. Pakistan Annot. Cat. 753 (1972), nom. illeg.
= Inula dalzellii Hand.-Mazz.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13(120): 632 (1937)
= Jacobaea cernua (Dalzell) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 347 (1891)
= Pentanema cernuum (Dalzell) Y.Ling; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10(2): 180 (1965)
= Printzia cernua (Dalzell) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 642 (1916 publ. 1917)
species :
Vicoa chodzhakasiani (Kinzik.) Nabiev; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 10: 462 (1993)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentanema chodzhakasiani Kinzik.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 9: 529, 312 (1988)
species :
Vicoa discoidea (Nabiev) Kamelin; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 281 (1971)
Distribution: Uzbekistan
32 UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentanema discoideum Nabiev; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 17: 16 (1962)
species :
Vicoa glanduligera Krasch.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 177 (1933)
Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghazni, Kabul, Logar, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Pakistan (Chitral, Pamirs)
32 TZK 34 AFG 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula afghanica Rech.f. & Köie; Biol. Skr. 8(2) [Symb. Afghan. 2]: 31 (1955)
= Pentanema glanduligerum (Krasch.) Gorschk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 25: 485 (1959)
species :
Vicoa gokhalei Gosavi, Madhav, Chandore & S.R.Yadav; Phytotaxa 471(3): 291 (2020)
Distribution: S-India (Karnataka, Maharashtra)
40 IND
species :
Vicoa indica (L.) DC.; Contr. Bot. India [Wight] 10 (1834)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha da Boa Vista, Fogo Isl.); Mauritania; Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Togo; Benin; Central African Republic; SW-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (North-West Prov.); Iran (S-Iran); China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Pakistani Punjab, Rawalpindi, Hazara); Nepal; India (Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jammu & Kashmir); Sri Lanka; Myanmar (Sagaing); Thailand; Vietnam
21 CVI 22 BEN BKN GNB GUI IVO MLI MTN SEN TOG 23 CAF 24 CHA ERI ETH SSU SUD 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF 34 IRN 36 CHI 40 IND NEP PAK SRL 41 MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Aster lofouensis H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8(173-175): 281-282 (1910)
= Doronicum calcaratum Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 61 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 434 (1832)
= Erigeron linearis Spreng. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 474 (1836)
= Erigeron sanguineus Parsa; Kew Bull. [3]: 208 (1948)
= Inula appendiculata Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2966 (1831), nomen
= Inula auriculata (Cass.) Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2965 (1831), nomen
= Inula indica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 1236 (1763)
= Inula indica var. hypoleuca Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(4): 1107 (1936)
= Inula leptoclada Webb; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 137 (1849)
= Inula scabra Wall. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 474 (1836)
= Inulaster kotschyi Sch.Bip.; Flora 24(1. Intell.): 42 (1841), nom. inval.
= Jacobaea indica (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 347 (1891)
= Pentanema indicum (L.) Y.Ling; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10(2): 179 (1965)
= Pentanema indicum var. hypoleucum (Hand.-Mazz.) Y.Ling; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10(2): 179-180 (1965)
= Pentanema indicum var. sivarajanianum R.R.V.Raju & C.P.Raju; Rheedea 6(2): 55 (1996)
= Varthemia kotschyi Sch.Bip.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 161, 307 (1867)
= Vicoa appendiculata Wall. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 474 (1836)
= Vicoa auriculata Cass.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 17: 418 (1829)
= Vicoa aurita DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 474 (1836)
= Vicoa leptoclada (Webb) Dandy; Fl. Pl. Sudan 3: 62 (1956)
species :
Vicoa krascheninnikovii Kamelin; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 244 (1976)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentanema krascheninnikovii (Kamelin) Anderb.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 176(1-2): 100 (1991), isonym
= Pentanema krascheninnikovii (Kamelin) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 88 (1981)
species :
Vicoa lignea (Mesfin) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Taxon 67(1): 160 (2018)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentanema ligneum Mesfin; Kew Bull. 50(2): 404 (1995)
species :
Vicoa multicaulis (Boiss.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 335 (1873)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Inula pulicariiformis var. alpina Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 200 (1875)
= Pentanema multicaule Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 75 (1846)
species :
Vicoa parietarioides Nevski; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 279 (1937)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
32 TKM UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentanema parietarioides (Nevski) Gorschk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 25: 484 (1959)
species :
Vicoa propinqua Nevski; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 280 (1937)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan (Kuhitang)
32 TKM UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentanema propinquum (Nevski) Gorschk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 25: 484 (1959), Nabiev in Fl. Uzbekist. [A.N.Sennikov] 6: 91 (1962)
species :
Vicoa rupicola Krasch.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 344 (1937)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentanema rupicolum (Krasch.) Gorschk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 25: 483 (1959)
= Pentanema rupicolum var. zobicum Kamelin & Kinzik.
= Inula rupicola Krasch.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 344 (1937), pro syn.
species :
Vicoa sahyadrica Nandikar & Sardesai; Phytotaxa 514(3): 280 (2021)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra, Karnataka)
40 IND
species :
Vicoa varzobica (Kamelin & Kinzik.) Nabiev; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 10: 463 (1993)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
Synonyms: hidden
= Pentanema varzobicum Kamelin & Kinzik.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 9: 528, 312 (1988)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life