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495.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6680; hybrids: 9
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 256 (1858)
495.1331 Genus Willughbeia Roxb.; Pl. Coromandel 3: 77, t. 280 (1819)
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar Isl., Malesia
Species listed in database: 17
= Ancylocladus Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 45 (1832)
= Bentheka Neck. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 321 (1844)
= Urnularia Stapf; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 27: t. 2711 (1901)
= Willughbeiopsis Rauschert; Taxon 31(3): 556 (1982)
species :
Willughbeia angustifolia (Miq.) Markgr.; Blumea 20(2): 414 (1972 publ. 1973)
Distribution: Nicobar Isl.; peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Penang, Kelantan, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Johor); +Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Moluccas (Buru)
41 NCB THA 42 BOR MLY MOL SNG SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ancylocladus rufescens (Dyer ex Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 412 (1891)
= Chilocarpus brachyanthus Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n. s. 1: 101 (1898)
= Urnularia rufescens (Dyer ex Hook.f) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 24: 155 (1948)
= Vahea angustifolia Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 394 (1857)
= Willughbeia angustifolia var. gracilior Markgr.; Blumea 20: 414 (1972 publ. 1973)
= Willughbeia apiculata Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 551 (1861)
= Willughbeia elmeri Merr.; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15: 253 (1929)
= Willughbeia flavescens var. rufescens (Dyer ex Hook.f.) Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 325 (1923)
= Willughbeia rufescens Dyer ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 626 (1882)
= Willughbeiopsis rufescens (Dyer ex Hook.f.) Rauschert; Taxon 31(3): 556 (1982)
species :
Willughbeia anomala Markgr.; Blumea 20(2): 415 (1972 publ. 1973)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak); Philippines (Mindanao)
42 BOR PHI
species :
Willughbeia beccariana K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 2: 55 (1900)
Distribution: Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi
42 BOR BRN SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ancylocladus beccarianus Kuntze ex Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n. s. 1: 98 (1898)
= Melodinus curvinervius Boerl.; Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 10 (1900)
= Melodinus curvinervius var. parvifolius Boerl.; Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 16 (1900)
= Urnularia beccariana (Kuntze ex Pierre) Stapf; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 28: t. 2711 (1901)
= Willughbeiopsis beccariana (Kuntze ex Pierre) Rauschert; Taxon 31: 556 (1982)
species :
Willughbeia cirrhifera Abeyw.; Ceylon J. Sci., Biol. Sci. 2: 211 (1959)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Ancylocladus ceylanicus (Wight) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 412 (1891)
= Chilocarpus ceylanicus Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4: t. 1288 (1848)
= Willughbeia ceylanica (Wight) Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 191 (1860), nom. illeg.
species :
Willughbeia coriacea Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 45 (1832)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (widespread); Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Java
41 THA 42 BOR JAW MLY SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ancylocladus coriaceus (Wall.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 412 (1891)
= Ancylocladus firmus (Blume) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 412 (1891)
= Ancylocladus minutiflorus Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n. s. 1: 95 (1898)
= Ancylocladus nodosus Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n. s. 1: 96 (1898)
= Ancylocladus vriesianus Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n. s. 1: 95 (1898)
= Tabernaemontana macrocarpa Korth. ex Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 154 (1850)
= Willughbeia burbidgei Dyer; Rep. Progr. Condition Roy. Gard. Kew 1880: 44 (1880)
= Willughbeia firma Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 154 (1850)
= Willughbeia firma var. macrophylla Boerl.; Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 4 (1900)
= Willughbeia firma var. oblongifolia Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 154 (1850)
= Willughbeia firma var. obtusifolia Boerl.; Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 4 (1900)
= Willughbeia firma var. platyphylla Boerl.; Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 4 (1900)
= Willughbeia minutiflora (Pierre) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 2: 55 (1900)
= Willughbeia nodosa (Pierre) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 2: 55 (1900)
= Willughbeia vrieseana (Pierre) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 2: 55 (1900)
species :
Willughbeia edulis Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 20 (1814), Pl. Coromandel 3: 77 (1820)
Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam); Bangladesh; Nicobar Isl. (Great Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Johor); +Singapore; Java
40 BAN IND 41 CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 JAW MLY SNG
Synonyms: hidden
= Ambelania edulis (Roxb.) J.Presl; Nowoceská Bibl. [Wseobecný Rostl.] 2: 1065 (1846)
= Ancylocladus cochinchinensis Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n. s. 1: 97 (1898)
= Ancylocladus curtisianus Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n. s. 1: 96 (1898)
= Ancylocladus edulis (Roxb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 412 (1891)
= Pacouria roxburghii Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 3: 1070 (1834)
= Willughbeia cochinchinensis (Pierre) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 2: 55 (1900)
= Willughbeia curtisiana (Pierre) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 2: 55 (1900)
= Willughbeia dulcis Ridl.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 3: 319 (1893)
= Willughbeia gudara Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 787 (1841), nom. inval.
= Willughbeia martabanica Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 45 (1832)
species :
Willughbeia flavescens Dyer ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 624 (1881)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Pahang, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo
42 BOR MLY SNG SUM
Conservation Status: critically endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Ancylocladus beccarii Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n. s. 1: 98 (1898)
= Ancylocladus flavescens (Dyer ex Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 412 (1891)
= Chilocarpus flavescens Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 625 (1882)
= Melodinus beccarii (Pierre) Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n. s. 1: 98 (1898)
= Melodinus cymosus Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 10: 146 (1920)
= Melodinus pulchrinervius Boerl.; Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 10 (1900)
= Melodinus rhytidiphyllus Boerl.; Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 11 (1900)
= Urnularia beccarii (Pierre) Markgr.; Blumea 20: 409 (1972 publ. 1973), nom. illeg.
= Urnularia flavescens (Dyer ex Hook.f.) Stapf; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 28: t. 2711 (1901)
= Urnularia oblongifolia Stapf; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 27: t. 2711 (1901)
= Willughbeia beccarii (Pierre) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 2: 55 (1900)
= Willughbeia stapfii Merr.; J. Malayan Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 1: 29 (1923)
= Willughbeiopsis beccarii (Kuntze) Rauschert; Taxon 31(3): 556 (1982)
= Willughbeiopsis flavescens (Dyer ex Hook.f.) Rauschert; Taxon 31(3): 556 (1982)
species :
Willughbeia gigantea (Boerl.) Markgr.; Blumea 20(2): 413 (1972 publ. 1973)
Distribution: Sumatra; Borneo
42 BOR SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Leuconotis gigantea Boerl.; Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 8 (1900)
= Leuconotis gigantea var. crassifolia Boerl.; Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 8 (1900)
= Leuconotis gigantea var. ovalis Boerl.; Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5: 8 (1900)
species :
Willughbeia grandiflora Dyer ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 625 (1882)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Selangor, Johor, Melaka); +Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo
41 THA 42 BOR MLY SNG SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ancylocladus glaucinus Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n. s. 1: 98 (1898)
= Ancylocladus grandiflorus (Dyer ex Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 412 (1891)
= Willughbeia glaucina (Pierre) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 2: 55 (1900)
species :
Willughbeia javanica Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1024 (1826)
Distribution: Java
42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Ancylocladus javanicus (Blume) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 412 (1891)
= Urnularia javanica (Blume) Stapf; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 27: t. 2711 (1901)
= Willughbeiopsis javanica (Blume) Rauschert; Taxon 31(3): 556 (1982)
species :
Willughbeia kontumensis Lý; J. Biol. (Vietnam) 1(2): 17 (1979)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Willughbeia lanceolata (Markgr.) D.J.Middleton; Blumea 38(1): 15 (1993)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah)
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Urnularia lanceolata Markgr.; Blumea 20(2): 409 (1972 publ. 1973)
= Willughbeiopsis lanceolata (Markgr.) Rauschert; Taxon 31(3): 556 (1982)
species :
Willughbeia lunduensis D.J.Middleton; Blumea 41(1): 123 (1996)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)
42 BOR
species :
Willughbeia oblonga Dyer ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 625 (1882)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Johor)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Ancylocladus oblongus (Dyer ex Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 412 (1891)
species :
Willughbeia ovatifolia Merr.; J. Malayan Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 1: 29 (1923)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Willughbeiopsis ovatifolia (Stapf) Rauschert; Taxon 31(3): 556 (1982)
= Urnularia ovatifolia Stapf; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 27: t. 2711 (1901)
species :
Willughbeia sarawacensis (Pierre) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 2: 55 (1900)
Distribution: Borneo; Palawan
42 BOR PLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Ancylocladus sarawacensis Pierre; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n. s. 1: 96 (1898)
= Willughbeia treacheri Dyer; Rep. Progr. Condition Roy. Gard. Kew 1880: 44 (1880), nomen
species :
Willughbeia tenuiflora Dyer; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 625 (1882)
Distribution: India (Nagaland); peninsular Malaysia (widespread); Singapore; Sumatra
40 IND 42 MLY SNG SUM
Conservation Status: critically endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Ancylocladus tenuiflorus Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 412 (1891)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.05 (May 23rd, 2025)

Covering 356,547 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,107 synonyms,
in total 1,416,616* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life