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479.0000 Family Solanaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 124 (1789), nom. cons.
96 genera, ca. 2900 spp. Phylogeny: Olmstead et al. (2008), Cole et al. (2020)
Species listed in database: 2781; hybrids: 19
= Atropaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 57 (1820)
= Browalliaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 243 (1820)
= Cestraceae Schltdl.; Linnaea 8: 250 (1833)
= Daturaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 243 (1820)
= Duckeodendraceae Kuhlm.; Arq. Serv. Florest. 3: 7 (1950)
= Goetzeaceae Miers; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 191 (1870)
= Hyoscyamaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 272, 294 (1818)
= Lyciaceae Raf.; Autik. Bot. 1: 15 (1840)
= Nicotianaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 416 (1820)
= Nolanaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 244 (1820), nom. cons.
= Salpiglossidaceae Hutch.; Evol. Phylogeny Fl. Pl. 631 (1969)
= Sclerophylacaceae Miers; London J. Bot. 7: 58 (1848)
479.8035 Genus Witheringia L´Hér.; Sert. Angl. 1, 33, t. 1 (1788)
Distribution: Mexico, C- and tropical S-America, West Indies
Species listed in database: 16
= Brachistus Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 3: 264 (1849)
= Fregirardia Dunal; Index Sem. (Montpellier) (1849)
= Sicklera Sendtn.; Flora 29: 194 (1846)
= Sicklera Sendtn.; Flora 29: 194 (1846)
species :
Witheringia asterotricha (Standl.) Hunz.; Kurtziana 5: 151 (1969)
Distribution: Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Santander)
80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Capsicum asterotrichum Standl.; Trop. Woods, No. 16: 24 (1928), nomen, et Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 259 (1929), descr.
= Capsicum costaricense Standl. & C.V.Morton; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1040 (1938)
= Capsicum multiflorum Standl. & C.V.Morton; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1043 (1938)
species :
Witheringia bristaniana D´Arcy; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60(3): 763 (1973 publ. 1974)
Distribution: Panama
80 PAN
species :
Witheringia coccoloboides (Dammer) Hunz.; Kurtziana 5: 132 (1969)
Distribution: Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Nariño, Quindío, Tolima, Valle); Ecuador
80 COS NIC PAN 82 CLM 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Acnistus coccoloboides Dammer; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 389 (1919)
= Brachistus fuscoviolaceus Cufod.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 10: 44 (1934)
= Brachistus poasensis Cufod.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 10: 45 (1934)
= Capsicum fuscoviolaceum (Cufod.) C.V.Morton & Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1041 (1938)
= Witheringia fuscoviolacea (Cufod.) Hunz.; Kurtziana 5: 125 (1969)
species :
Witheringia hunzikeri D´Arcy; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60(3): 768 (1973 publ. 1974)
Distribution: Panama; Colombia (Chocó)
80 PAN 82 CLM
species :
Witheringia killipiana Hunz.; Kurtziana 5: 127 (1969)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó)
82 CLM
species :
Witheringia knappiae (Mont.-Castro & Sousa-Peña) Bohs; Syst. Bot. 49(2): 501 (2024)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama
80 COS PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Brachistus knappiae Mont.-Castro & Sousa-Peña; Brittonia 60(2): 167 (2008)
species :
Witheringia laxissima (Standl.) D´Arcy; Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 18 (Fl. Panama Checkl. Index 2): 663, 362 (1987)
Distribution: Panama
80 PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Lycianthes laxissima Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 169 (1940)
species :
Witheringia maculata (C.V.Morton & Standl.) Hunz.; Kurtziana 5: 117 (1969)
Distribution: Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama
80 COS NIC PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Capsicum macranthum Standl. & C.V.Morton; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1042 (1938)
= Capsicum maculatum Standl. & C.V.Morton; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1043 (1938)
= Witheringia correana D´Arcy; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60(3): 766 (1973 publ. 1974)
= Witheringia macrantha (Standl. & C.V.Morton) Hunz.; Kurtziana 5: 114 (1969)
species :
Witheringia meiantha (Donn.Sm.) Hunz.; Kurtziana 5: 147 (1969)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama
79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Brachistus meianthus Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 57: 424 (1914)
= Capsicum meianthum (Donn.Sm.) Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 273 (1940)
= Capsicum silvigaudens Standl. & L.O.Williams; Ceiba 3: 57 (1952)
= Witheringia solanacea var. silvigaudens (Standl. & L.O.Williams) Hunz.; Kurtziana 5: 146 (1969)
species :
Witheringia mexicana (B.L.Rob.) Hunz.; Kurtziana 5: 131 (1969)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Coahuila, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Bassovia mexicana B.L.Rob.; Enum. Pl. Guatem. 2: 53 (1891), et Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 171 (1891)
= Bassovia mexicana var. latifolia J.M.Coult. & B.L.Rob.; Enum. Pl. Guatem. 2: 53 (1891)
species :
Witheringia mortonii Hunz.; Kurtziana 5: 123 (1969)
Distribution: Costa Rica
80 COS
species :
Witheringia nelsonii (Fernald) Hunz.; Kurtziana 5: 160 (1969)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Athenaea affinis C.V.Morton; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 4 (Stud. Trop. Am. Pl. I.) 24 (1940)
= Athenaea nelsonii Fernald; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 35: 567 (1900)
= Athenaea viscida (Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 18 (1943)
= Brachistus affinis (C.V.Morton) D´Arcy, J.L.Gentry & Averett; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68(1): 227 (1981)
= Brachistus nelsonii (Fern) D´Arcy, J.L.Gentry & Averett; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68(1): 227 (1981)
= Capsicum lundellii C.V.Morton; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 4: 25 (1940)
= Capsicum viscidum Standl.; Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. No. 461, 84 (1935)
= Witheringia affinis (C.V.Morton) Hunz.; Kurtziana 5: 162 (1969)
species :
Witheringia solanacea L´Hér.; Sert. Angl. 1, 33, t. 1 (1788)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Caquetá, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Valle); Venezuela (Amazonas, Aragua, Bolívar, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); ?French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amazonas, Acre)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 HIS JAM 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Bassovia macrophylla (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal) J.M.Coult.; Bot. Gaz. 16: 145 (1891)
= Bassovia solanacea (L´Hér.) Benth. ex F.Muell.; Select Pl., ed. 3: 46 (1881)
= Bassovia solanacea var. glabrescens (Kuntze) Hochr.; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 6: 285 (1910)
= Brachistus hebephyllus Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 3: 266 (1849)
= Brachistus macrophyllus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 3: 263 (1849)
= Brachistus solanaceus (L´Hér.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 424 (1882)
= Capsicum hebephyllum (Miers) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 449 (1891)
= Capsicum isothrix Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1567 (1938)
= Capsicum macrophyllum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal) Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 16 (1927)
= Capsicum solanaceum (L´Hér.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 219 (1898)
= Capsicum solanaceum var. glabrescens Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450 (1891)
= Capsicum solanaceum var. macrophyllum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450 (1891)
= Capsicum solanaceum var. pubescens Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 450 (1891)
= Capsicum stenophyllum C.V.Morton & Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1044 (1938)
= Capsicum tetramerum Standl. & C.V.Morton; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1045 (1938)
= Saracha solanacea (L´Hér.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 3(18): 450 (1849)
= Sicklera solanacea (L´Hér.) Sendtn.; Flora 29: 195 (1846)
= Sicklera tetrandra A.Braun & C.D.Bouché; Index Sem. (Berlin) App. 10 (1853)
= Solanum panamense Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.; Observ. Bot. [Van Heurck] 2: 128 (1871)
= Solanum peckii S.F.Blake; Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 87 (1917)
= Witheringia acuminata Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 403 (1852)
= Witheringia aspera Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. [Sprengel] 1: 266 (1820)
= Witheringia capsicoides Mart. ex Colla; Herb. Pedem. 4: 277 (1835)
= Witheringia conica Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 788 (1841)
= Witheringia filipes Alain; Phytologia 65(6): 421 (1989)
= Witheringia lanceolata Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 404 (1852)
= Witheringia macrophylla Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal; Solan. Syn. 1 (1816)
= Witheringia pogonandra Lem.; Ill. Hort. 7: t. 242 (1860), et Rev. Hortic. Ser. IV. 9: 587 (1860)
species :
Witheringia stellata (Greenm.) Hunz.; Kurtziana 5: 129 (1969)
Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Bassovia stellata Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 41(9): 246 (1905)
species :
Witheringia stramonifolia Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 13 (1818)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama
79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Athenaea locuples Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 375 (1940)
= Bassovia donnell-smithii Coult.; Enum. Pl. Guatem. 2: no. 53 (1891), et Bot. Gaz. 16: 145 (1891)
= Bassovia stramoniifolia (Kunth) Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1303 (1924)
= Brachistus stramonifolius (Kunth) Miers; Ill. S. Amer. Pl. 2: 7 (1849)
= Capsicum malacophyllum Standl.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 260 (1929)
= Capsicum stramoniifolium (Kunth) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450 (1891)
= Capsicum stramoniifolium (Kunth) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1044 (1938)
= Capsicum subulatum Standl. & C.V.Morton; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1044 (1938)
= Witheringia fournieri Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.; Observ. Bot. Descript. Pl. Nov. Herb. Van Heurckiani 1: 91 (1870)
species :
Witheringia wurdackiana Benítez; BioLlania, Ed. Espec. 6 (Wurdack Festschr.): 247 (1997)
Distribution: Venezuela (Merida, Tachira)
82 VEN
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life