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495.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6680; hybrids: 9
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 256 (1858)
495.3101 Genus Wrightia R.Br.; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 73 (1809)
Distribution: Tropical and S-Africa, trop. Asia eastward to Solomon Isl. and northem Australia
Species listed in database: 34
= Balfouria R.Br.; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 70 (1810)
= Piaggiaea Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 290 (1932)
= Scleranthera Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 1: 74 (1951), sine descr. lat., et in Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 88 (1951)
= Walidda (A.DC.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 1: 74 (1951)
species :
Wrightia angustifolia Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 193 (1860)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
species :
Wrightia antidysenterica (L.) R.Br.; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 73 (1809)
Distribution: Sri Lanka; Laos [c]; Philippines [c]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [c] (Bali [c])
40 SRL 41 lao 42 lsi phi
Synonyms: hidden
= Nerium antidysentericum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 209 (1753)
= Nerium divaricatum Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 142 (1790), nom. illeg.
= Nerium zeylanicum L.; Cent. Pl. II: 12 (1756)
= Walidda antidysenterica (L.) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 1: 74 (1951), et in Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 88 (1951)
= Wrightia zeylanica (L.) R.Br.; Asclepiadeae 59 (1810)
species :
Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb.; Taxon 26(5-6): 533 (1977)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl.); Myanmar (Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Sulawesi; Java
36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Beaumontia wallichii (A.DC.) Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 3: 39 (1852)
= Chonemorpha vestita G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 76 (1837)
= Echites tomentosus Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 137 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Echites vestitus Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 394 (1819)
= Hunteria eugeniifolia Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 105 (1837)
= Nerium coraea Buch.-Ham. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 407 (1844)
= Nerium tomentosum (Roem. & Schult.) Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 6 (1832)
= Periploca arborea Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 13, 23, 25 (1818)
= Wrightia coalita Buch.-Ham. ex Dillwyn; Rev. Hortus Malab. 40 (1839)
= Wrightia coraia Wall. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 407 (1844), nom. superfl.
= Wrightia hamiltoniana Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4461 (1831), nomen
= Wrightia mollissima A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 406 (1844)
= Wrightia mollissima Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1627 (1831)
= Wrightia pubescens Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 120 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Wrightia rheedei Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 3: 1060 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Wrightia tomentosa (Roxb.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 414 (1819)
= Wrightia tomentosa subsp. pauciflora Ngan; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52(2): 149 (1965)
= Wrightia tomentosa subsp. tomentosa Ngan; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 148 (1965)
= Wrightia tomentosa var. roxburghii A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 405 (1844)
= Wrightia wallichii A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 405 (1844)
species :
Wrightia calcicola D.J.Middleton; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 41: 81 (2013)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Wrightia candollei Vidal; Phan. Cuming. Philipp. 186 (1885)
Distribution: Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Langen)
42 PHI PLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Wrightia pubescens subsp. candollei (Vidal) Ngan; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 153 (1965)
species :
Wrightia coccinea (Lodd.) Sims; Bot. Mag. 53: t. 2696 (1826)
Distribution: China (SE-Guangxi, S-Yunnan); Pakistan; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Mizoram, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; Java
36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND PAK 41 MYA THA VIE 42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Nerium coccineum Lodd.; Bot. Cab. t. 894 (1824)
species :
Wrightia collettii Ngan; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 169 (1965)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
species :
Wrightia demartiniana Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 13: 405 (1915)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Piaggiaea boranensis Chiov.; Missione Biol. Borana 159 (1939)
= Piaggiaea demartiniana (Chiov.) Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 291 (1932)
= Wrightia boranensis (Chiov.) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 30: Suppl., 692 (1960)
species :
Wrightia dolichocarpa Bahadur & Bennet; Indian Forester 104(1): 32 (1978)
Distribution: India (Dadar & Nagar Raveli)
40 IND
Conservation Status: IUCN I
species :
Wrightia dubia (Sims) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 638 (1824)
Distribution: Myanmar (Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Penang, Perlis, Perak, Terengganu); ?Philippines
41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Cameraria dubia Sims; Bot. Mag. 40: t. 1646 (1814)
= Scleranthera cambodiensis (Pierre) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 1: 74 (1951), sine descr. lat., et in Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 89 (1951)
= Scleranthera dubia (Sims) Pichon; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 1: 74 (1951), sine descr. lat., et in Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 90 (1951)
= Strophanthus jackianus Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 85 (1837), descr.
= Wrightia cambodiensis Pierre; Prodr. Apocyn. [Planchon] (1894) 333, nomen, et ex Pit., in Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1184 (1933), descr.
= Wrightia dubia var. membranifolia King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74(2): 466 (1907)
= Wrightia kontumensis Lý; Feddes Repert. 96: 175 (1985)
= Wrightia rubriflora Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1185 (1933)
species :
Wrightia flavorosea Trimen; J. Bot. 23: 238 (1885)
Distribution: +Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Conservation Status: IUCN I
species :
Wrightia hanleyi Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4: 1465 (1912)
Distribution: Palawan
42 PLW
species :
Wrightia indica Ngan; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 140 (1965)
Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Wrightia karaketii D.J.Middleton; Gard. Bull. Singapore 61(2): 370 (2010)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Wrightia laevis Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3(9): 654 (1882)
subspecies :
subsp. laevis
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan); Myanmar; peninsular Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Johor); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Philippines; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Australia (NE-Queensland)
36 CHI 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR MLY NWG PHI SNG SUM 43 BIS 50 AUS
Conservation Status: critically endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Wrightia balansae Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1188 (1933)
= Wrightia hainanensis Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 352 (1922)
= Wrightia hainanensis var. variabilis Tsiang; Sunyatsenia 4(1-2): 47, t. 14 (1939)
= Wrightia laevis subsp. millgar (F.M.Bailey) Ngan; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 137 (1965)
= Wrightia laevis subsp. novoguineensis Ngan; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 138 (1965)
= Wrightia macrocarpa Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1190 (1933)
= Wrightia millgar F.M.Bailey; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric. Queensland 7: 65 (1893)
= Wrightia sorsogonensis Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 10: 3698 (1939), no latin descr.
= Wrightia tinctoria var. laevis (Hook.f.) Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14(2): 80 (1951)
species :
Wrightia lanceolata Kerr; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 89 (1937)
Distribution: SW-Thailand; Cambodia
41 CBD THA
species :
Wrightia lecomtei Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1188 (1933)
Distribution: Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam
41 CBD THA VIE
species :
Wrightia natalensis Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1907: 51 (1907)
Name: Saddle Pod
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ ZIM 27 SAF SWZ
species :
Wrightia novobritannica (Ngan) D.J.Middleton; Harvard Pap. Bot. 10(2): 171 (2005)
Distribution: Bismarck Arch.
43 BIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Wrightia pubescens subsp. novobrittanica Ngan; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 153 (1965)
species :
Wrightia nuichuaensis Tagane & V.S.Dang; Phytotaxa 683(1): 87 (2025)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Wrightia palawanensis D.J.Middleton; Harvard Pap. Bot. 10(2): 172 (2005)
Distribution: Palawan
42 PLW
species :
Wrightia poomae D.J.Middleton; Gard. Bull. Singapore 61(2): 376 (2010)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Wrightia puberula (Thwaites) Ngan; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 145 (1965)
Distribution: +Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Wrightia rothii var. puberula Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 193 (1866)
species :
Wrightia pubescens R.Br.; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 73 (1809)
subspecies :
subsp. pubescens
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan); Taiwan [I]; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Sulawesi; Philippines (Masbate, Panay, Guimaras, Negros, Cebu, Biliran, Leyte, Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya); Australia (Northern Territory, N-Western Australia)
36 CHI 38 tai 41 CBD LAO THA VIE 42 JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL SUM 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Nerium macrocarpum Span.; Linnaea 15: 325 (1841), nomen
= Wrightia annamensis Eberh. & Dubard; Agric. Colon. 1: 38 (1913)
= Wrightia annamensis var. coronata Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1192 (1933)
= Wrightia calycina A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 406 (1844)
= Wrightia javanica A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 405 (1844)
= Wrightia kwangtungensis Tsiang; Sunyatsenia 6(2): 118-120, f. 8 (1941)
= Wrightia multiflora Zipp. ex Span.; Linnaea 15: 325 (1841), nomen
= Wrightia pubescens Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1045 (1826)
= Wrightia spanogheana Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 434 (1857)
subspecies :
subsp. lanitii (Blanco) Ngan; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 153 (1965)
Distribution: S-China; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Terengganu, Penang, Perak); Sumatra; Sulawesi; Palawan (incl. Culion); Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Negros, Mindanao); Java
36 CHI 41 CBD LAO THA VIE 42 JAW MLY PHI PLW SUL SUM
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Anasser lanitii Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 112 (1837)
= Wrightia lanitii (Blanco) Merr.; Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 27: 59 (1905)
= Wrightia ovata A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 405 (1844)
= Wrightia tomentosa var. cochinchinensis Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1192 (1933)
subspecies :
subsp. penicillata (F.M.Bailey) Ngan; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 153 (1965)
Distribution: Australia (N-Queensland: Townsville to Cape York)
50 AUS
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Wrightia pubescens var. penicillata F.M.Bailey; Queensl. Fl. 6: 2010 (1902)
species :
Wrightia religiosa (Teijsm. & Binn.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 653 (1882)
Distribution: China (S-Guangdong); Myanmar (Taninthayi); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Langkawi Isl., Perlis, Kedah, Johor); Singapore [I]; Philippines [c]; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.)
36 CHI 41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 JAW LSI MLY phi sng
Remarks: widely cultivated
Synonyms: hidden
= Echites religiosa Teijsm. & Binn.; Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 27: 34 (1864)
species :
Wrightia saligna (R.Br.) F.Muell. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 4: 316 (1868)
Distribution: Australia (N-Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Balfouria saligna R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 467 (1810)
species :
Wrightia siamensis D.J.Middleton; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 35: 80 (2007)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Wrightia sikkimensis Gamble; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908(10): 447-448 (1908)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan); India (Sikkim, West Bengal, ?Arunachal Pradesh)
36 CHI 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Wrightia hainanensis var. chingii Tsiang; Sunyatsenia 4(1-2): 47-48 (1939)
= Wrightia schlechteri H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11(274-278): 67 (1912)
species :
Wrightia sirikitiae D.J.Middleton & Santisuk; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 29: 1 (2001)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Wrightia tinctoria R.Br.; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 73 (1809)
subspecies :
subsp. tinctoria
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Raryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Dadar & Nagar Raveh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Bangladesh; Vietnam
40 BAN IND 41 AND VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Allamanda verticillata Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 2: 93 (1815), provisional synonym.
= Alstonia oleandrifolia Lodd. ex Loudon; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 67 (1830)
= Nerium jaspideum Span.; Linnaea 15: 325 (1841)
= Nerium tinctorium Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 19 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 4 (1824)
= Nerium tinctorium Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 274 (1826), nom. illeg.
= Wrightia laciniata A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 406 (1844)
= Wrightia timorensis Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 433 (1857)
subspecies :
subsp. rothii (G.Don) Ngan; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 144 (1965)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Wrightia rothii G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 86 (1837)
= Wrightia tinctoria var. rothii (G.Don) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 653 (1882)
species :
Wrightia tokiae D.J.Middleton; Gard. Bull. Singapore 61(2): 372 (2010)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Wrightia versicolor S.T.Blake; Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 59: 163 (1948)
Distribution: Australia (Charters Towers region and far N-Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Wrightia vietnamensis Hazell & D.J.Middleton; Kew Bull. 78(4): 622 (2023)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Wrightia viridiflora Kerr; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 90 (1937)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life