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353.0000 Family Ximeniaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 72 (1834)
4 genera, 13 spp.
Species listed in database: 13
= Ximenieae Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 1: 145, 147 (1897)
= Ximeniinae G.King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 64: 96 (1895)
353.0003 Genus Ximenia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1193 (1753)
Distribution: Florida, tropical America, Caribbean, tropical and South Africa, tropical Asia, Australia, New Caledonia, Pacific
Species listed in database: 10
= Heymassoli Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 324 (1775)
= Rottboelia Scop.; Intr. Hist. Nat. 233 (1777)
= Ximeniopsis Alain; Phytologia 47(3): 168 (1980)
species :
Ximenia americana L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1193-1194 (1753)
Name: Spanish plum, Tallow wood (Bahamas), Ciruelillo, Ciruelo cimarron, Jia manzanilla, Yana, Zarza ciruela, Zarza limon (Cuba), Ciruelillo, Hicaco, Limoncillo (Dominican Republic), Croc, Macaby (Haiti), Iguana berry, Tallow plum (Jamaica), Bois puant, Orange falaise, Pomme-nette, Prune bord-de-mer, Prune epice (Lesser Antilles)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl.); Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Annobon Isl.; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; ?D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; S-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; Seychelles; China (S-Hainan); India (Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobar Isl., Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Rakhine, Taninthayi); Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (coastal widespread); Singapore; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Flores, Timor); Moluccas; Cocos [Keeling] Isl.; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Solomon Isl.; Australia (N Queensland: Torres Strait islands to Rockhampton, extending inland to vicinity of Blackall); New Caledonia (widespread, incl. Loyalty Isl.); Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (Late Isl., Tongatapu, Nomuka, Lifuka, Vava´u); Fiji; Wallis & Futuna (´Uvea Isl. and islets [Wallis]); [Western] Samoa (Savai´i, ´Upolu, Manono Isl.); American Samoa (Tutuila); Tuvalu (Nui Atoll); S-Line Isl. (Caroline Atoll); Cook Isl. (Atiu, Manihiki, Penrhyn); Society Isl. (Mopelia Atoll, Tahiti, Moorea, Raiatea, Bora Bora); Tuamotu Arch. (Takapoto Atoll); Palau (Sonsorol, Babeldaob, Angaur, Peleliu); Northern Marianas (Agrihan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Piis, Satawan, Pohnpei, Nukuoro, Kosrae); Marshall Isl. (Enewetok, Bikini, Ujae, Lae, Arno); USA (Florida); Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatan, Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. John); Anguilla; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Trinidad; Bonaire; Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Chocó, Magdalena, Sucre); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Aragua, Bolívar, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Miranda, Nueva Esparta, Sucre); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Pará, Acre, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Piauí, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas, Sergipe); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina); Argentina (Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman)
21 CVI 22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 ANN BIO BUR CAF CMN CON EQG GAB RWA SAO 24 CHA ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM 29 SEY 36 CHI 40 BAN IND SRL 41 AND MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR CKI JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL XMS 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 ASA FIJ NWC ROT SAM TON TUV VAN WAL 61 COO LIN SCI TUA 62 GUM MIC MRN MRS PLU 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 AGU BAH BON CAY CUB DOM GDL HIS JAM MAR PUE STL STV TCI TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU 84 BRA 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Amyris arborescens P.Br.; (1756)
= Heymassoli inermis Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 324 (1775)
= Heymassoli spinosa Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 324 (1775)
= Ximenia aculeata Crantz; Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 381 (1766)
= Ximenia americana f. inermis (Aubl.) Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 9 (1872), nom. illeg.
= Ximenia americana var. elliptica Valeton; Crit. Overz. Olacin. 76 (1886)
= Ximenia americana var. inermis Hochst.; Flora 27: 97 (1844)
= Ximenia americana var. oblonga DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 533 (1824)
= Ximenia americana var. ovata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 533 (1824)
= Ximenia americana var. oxypyrena Chiov.; Atti Reale Accad. Italia, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. 11 [Pl. Nov. Aethiop.]: 25 (1940)
= Ximenia americana var. sphaerica Chiov.; Atti Reale Accad. Italia, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. 11 [Pl. Nov. Aethiop.]: 25 (1940)
= Ximenia arborescens Tussac ex Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 377 (1842)
= Ximenia elliptica G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 27 (1786)
= Ximenia exarmata F.Muell.; Trans. & Proc. Philos. Inst. Victoria 3: 22 (1859)
= Ximenia fluminensis M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 22 (1846)
= Ximenia gabonensis Baill. ex Laness.; Pl. Util. Col. Franç. 834 (1886)
= Ximenia laurina Delile; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 20: 89 (1843)
= Ximenia loranthifolia Span.; Linnaea 15: 177 (1841)
= Ximenia montana Macfad.; Fl. Jamaica [Macfadyen] 1: 121 (1837)
= Ximenia multiflora Jacq.; Enum. Syst. Pl. 19 (1760)
= Ximenia oblonga Lam. ex Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 1: 185 (1880)
= Ximenia russeliana Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6784 (1832), nom. inval.
= Ximenia spinosa (Aubl.) Lam. ex Forsyth f.; Bot. Nomencl. 228 (1794)
= Ximenia spinosa Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 276 (1796) (nom. illeg.)
= Ximenia subscandens Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 691 (1854)
= Ximenia verrucosa M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 23 (1846)
= Ximenia ×inermis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 1: 497 (1762) (nom. illeg.)
variant :
var. argentinensis DeFilipps; Trans. Illinois State Acad. Sci. 62: 351, f. 1 (1969)
Distribution: Bolivia; Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman)
83 BOL 85 ARG PAR
variant :
var. microphylla Welw. ex Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 1: 347 (1868)
Name: Blue Sourplum (EN)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 ZIM 27 BOT SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Ximenia rogersii Burtt Davy; Man. Pl. Transvaal [Burtt Davy] 2: 35: 454 (1932)
species :
Ximenia afra Sond.; Linnaea 23: 21 (1850)
Name: Sourplum (EN)
Distribution: South Sudan; Ethiopia; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Comores (Mayotte, etc.)
24 ETH SSU 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 29 COM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ximenia americana var. afra (Sond.) Engl.; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3(1): 82 (1915)
= Ximenia americana var. tomentosa Engl.; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3: 82 (1915)
variant :
var. natalensis Sond.; Linnaea 23: 21 (1850)
Name: Natal Sourplum (EN)
Distribution: Zambia; Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar
26 ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Ximenia afra var. glabra Cavaco & Keraudren; Fl. Madagasc., Fam. 59: 13 (1955)
= Ximenia afra var. longipedicellata Cavaco & Keraudren; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 102: 118 (1955)
= Ximenia madagascariensis Cavaco & Keraudren; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 102: 118 (1955)
species :
Ximenia coriacea Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 10 (1872)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
species :
Ximenia glauca (DeFilipps) Bentouil; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Sér. 4, 16(2-4): 314 (1994 publ. 1995)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Ximenia parviflora var. glauca DeFilipps; Trans. Illinois State Acad. Sci. 62(4): 353 (1969)
species :
Ximenia horrida Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 19 (1926)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Ximeniopsis horridus (Urb. & Ekman) Alain; Phytologia 47(3): 168 (1980)
species :
Ximenia intermedia (Chodat & Hassl.) DeFilipps; Trans. Illinois State Acad. Sci. 62: 355 (1969)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Brasilia Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); Paraguay (Amambay)
84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ximenia coriacea var. intermedia Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 64 (1903)
species :
Ximenia parviflora Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 7 (1839)
Distribution: Mexico (Sinaloa, Durango, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosi, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Nayarit, Jalisco, Michoacan, Chiapas, Oaxaca)
79 MEX
species :
Ximenia perrieri Cavaco & Keraudren; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 102: 118 (1955)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Ximenia pubescens Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 212 (1919)
Distribution: Mexico (Sinaloa, Michoacan, Oaxaca, etc.)
79 MEX
species :
Ximenia roigii León; Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 5: 79 (1948)
Name: Almendro de costa, Pinipini de sabana (Cuba)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Conservation Status: endangered (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba) and IUCN V
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

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