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504.0000 Family Plantaginaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 89 (1789), nom. cons.
93 genera, ca. 2050 spp.
Species listed in database: 2100; hybrids: 91
= Antirrhinaceae Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 154, 640 (1807)
= Aragoaceae D.Don; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 19: 109, 113 (1835)
= Callitrichaceae Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 7 (1821), nom. cons.
= Chelonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 124 (1820)
= Digitalidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 202 (1820)
= Ellisiophyllaceae Honda; Daikou Nippon Shokubutsu Bunraigaku [Syst. Pl. Japon.]: 372 (1930)
= Erinaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. [Pfeiffer] 1: 1236 (1874)
= Globulariaceae DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 3: 427 (1805), nom. cons.
= Gratiolaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 294 (1820)
= Hippuridaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 265, 278 (1818), nom. cons.
= Linariaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 243 (1820)
= Littorellaceae Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 290, 294 (1822)
= Oxycladaceae Schnizl.; Iconogr. Fam. Regn. Veg. 2: ad t. 151xx (1857-1870)
= Psylliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 69 (1834)
= Sibthorpiaceae D.Don; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 19: 114 (1835)
= Trapellaceae Honda & Sakis.; Daikou Nippon Shokubutsu Bunraigaku [Syst. Pl. Japon.]: 378 (1930)
= Veronicaceae Cassel; Lehrb. Nat. Pflanzenord. 366 (1817)
504.6509 Genus Synthyris Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 454 (1846)
Distribution: North America. Often included in Veronica s. l. but kept separate by Flora of North America (2019)
Species listed in database: 19
= Besseya Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 279 (1903)
species :
Synthyris alpina A.Gray; Amer. J. Sci. Arts, Ser. 2, 34: 251 (1862)
Name: Alpine kittentails (EN)
Distribution: USA (Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Remarks: Subgen. Synthyris
Synonyms: hidden
= Besseya alpina (A.Gray) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 280 (1903)
= Veronica besseya M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 441 (2004), nom. nov.
= Wulfenia alpina (A.Gray) Greene; Erythea 2: 83 (1894)
species :
Synthyris borealis Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 88 (1933)
Name: Northern kittentails (EN)
Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Northern Territories, Yukon)
70 ASK CDN
Synonyms: hidden
= Veronica alaskensis M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 441 (2004), nom. nov.
species :
Synthyris bullii (Eaton) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 4 (1900)
Name: Bull´s coraldrops (EN)
Distribution: USA (Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, +Ohio, Wisconsin)
74 USA 75 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Besseya bullii (Eaton) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 280 (1903)
= Gymnandra bullii Eaton & Wright; Man. Bot. [A.Eaton], ed. 8: 259 (1840)
= Synthyris houghtoniana Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 454 (1846)
= Veronica bullii (Eaton) M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 441 (2004)
= Wulfenia bullii (Eaton) Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 378 (1899)
= Wulfenia houghtoniana (Benth.) Greene; Erythea 2: 83 (1894)
species :
Synthyris canbyi Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 93 (1933)
Name: Canby´s kittentails (EN)
Distribution: USA (NW-Montana: Mission, Rattlesnake, and Swan Mts.)
73 USA
Remarks: Subgen. Synthyris
Synonyms: hidden
= Veronica canbyi (Pennell) M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 441 (2004), nom. nov.
species :
Synthyris cordata (A.Gray) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 4 (1900)
Name: Snow Queen (EN)
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Synthyris reniformis var. cordata A.Gray; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 1: 571 (1876)
= Synthyris rotundifolia var. cordata (A.Gray) A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 285 (1878)
= Veronica californica M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 441 (2004), nom. nov.
= Wulfenia cordata (A.Gray) Greene; Man. Bot. San Francisco 280 (1894)
species :
Synthyris dissecta Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 691 (1909)
Name: Cut-leaf kittentails (EN)
Distribution: USA (EC-Idaho, SW-Montana)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Synthyris cymopteroides Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 95 (1933)
= Synthyris cymopteroides subsp. canescens Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 95 (1933)
= Synthyris hendersonii Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 94 (1933)
= Synthyris pinnatifida var. canescens (Pennell) Cronquist; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L.Hitchcock et al.] 4: 415 (1959)
= Veronica dissecta (Rydb.) M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 441 (2004)
species :
Synthyris laciniata (A.Gray) Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 353 (1900)
Name: Western kittentail
Distribution: USA (WC- and S-Utah)
Error
Synonyms: hidden
= Veronica utahensis M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 443 (2004), nom. nov.
= Synthyris laciniata subsp. ibapahensis Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 92 (1933)
= Synthyris pinnatifida var. laciniata A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 286 (1878)
species :
Synthyris lanuginosa (Piper) Pennell & J.W.Thomps.; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 93 (1933)
Distribution: USA (NW-Washington State: Olympic Mts.)
Error
Synonyms: hidden
= Synthyris pinnatifida subsp. lanuginosa Piper; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 504 (1906)
= Synthyris pinnatifida var. lanuginosa (Piper) Cronquist; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L.Hitchcock et al.] 4: 415 (1959)
= Veronica dissecta subsp. lanuginosa (Piper) M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 442 (2004)
species :
Synthyris missurica (Raf.) Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 89 (1933)
subspecies :
subsp. missurica
Name: Tailed kittentails (EN)
Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington State)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Synthyris major A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 5 (1900)
= Synthyris missurica f. rosea H.St.John; Fl. S.-e. Washington [St. John] 382 (1937)
= Synthyris missurica subsp. hirsuta Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 91 (1933)
= Veronica missurica Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 175 (1818)
= Veronica purshii G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 573 (1838)
= Veronica reniformis Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 10 (1813), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. major (Hook.) Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 91 (1933)
Distribution: USA (Washington State, Idaho)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Synthyris major (Hook.) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 5 (1900)
= Synthyris reniformis var. major Hook.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 257 (1853)
= Veronica missurica subsp. major (Hook.) M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 442 (2004)
= Wulfenia major (Hook.) A.Heller; Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 7 (1898), nomen
subspecies :
subsp. stellata (Pennell) Kartesz & Gandhi; Phytologia 67(6): 464 (1989)
Name: Western mountain kittentails (EN)
Distribution: USA (Oregon, Washington State)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Synthyris stellata Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 89 (1933)
= Veronica missurica subsp. stellata (Pennell) M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 442 (2004)
species :
Synthyris oblongifolia (Pennell) L.Hufford & M.McMahon; Syst. Bot. 29(3): 735 (2004)
Name: Eggleaf kittentail (EN)
Distribution: USA (New Mexico)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Besseya oblongifolia Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 101 (1933)
= Veronica oblongifolia (Pennell) M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 442 (2004)
species :
Synthyris pinnatifida S.Watson; Botany (Fortieth Parallel) 227, t. 22 (1871) non Rydb.
Name: Featherleaf kittentails (EN)
Distribution: USA (Idaho, Utah, Wyoming)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Synthyris paysonii Pennell & Williams; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 96 (1933)
= Veronica paysonii (Pennell & L.O.Williams) M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 442 (2004)
= Wulfenia pinnatifida (S.Watson) Greene; Erythea 2: 83 (1894)
species :
Synthyris plantaginea (E.James) Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 455 (1846)
subspecies :
subsp. plantaginea
Name: Arizona coraldrops, White River coraldrops
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming); Mexico (Chihuahua)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Atelianthus veronicoides Nutt. ex Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 455 (1846)
= Besseya arizonica Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 103 (1933)
= Besseya goodingii Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 101 (1933)
= Besseya plantaginea (E.James) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 280 (1903)
= Veronica plantaginea E.James; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 2: 173 (1825)
= Wulfenia plantaginea (E.James) Greene; Erythea 2: 83 (1894)
subspecies :
subsp. arizonica J.M.Porter; Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 124: 727, 1048 (2013)
Distribution: USA (Arizona)
76 USA
species :
Synthyris platycarpa Gail & Pennell; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 40 (1937)
Name: Evergreen kittentails (EN)
Distribution: USA (Idaho: Clearwater Co., Idaho Co.)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Veronica idahoensis M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 442 (2004), nom. nov.
species :
Synthyris ranunculina Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 92 (1933)
Name: Charleston Mountains kittentails (EN)
Distribution: USA (S-Nevada: Charleston Mts.)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Veronica ranunculina (Pennell) M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 442 (2004)
species :
Synthyris reniformis Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 454 (1846)
Name: Round-leaf kittentails (EN)
Distribution: USA (Oregon, Washington State, N-California)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Synthyris rotundifolia A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 285 (1878)
= Synthyris rotundifolia var. sweetseri L.F.Hend.; Rhodora 32: 27 (1930)
= Veronica regina-nivalis M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 442 (2004), nom. nov.
= Wulfenia reniformis Douglas ex Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 46 (1835), et in Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 102, t. 71
= Wulfenia rotundifolia (A.Gray) Greene; Erythea 2: 82 (1894)
species :
Synthyris ritteriana Eastw.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 123 (1898)
Name: Ritter´s kittentails (EN)
Distribution: USA (Colorado: San Juan Mts., La Plata Mts.)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Besseya reflexa (Eastw.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 280 (1903)
= Besseya ritteriana (Eastw.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 280 (1903)
= Synthyris flavescens A.Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 34: 33 (1902)
= Synthyris reflexa Eastw.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 124 (1898)
= Synthyris ritteriana var. obtusa A.Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 34: 34 (1902)
= Veronica ritteriana (Eastw.) M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 443 (2004)
species :
Synthyris rubra (Douglas ex Hook.) Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 455 (1846)
Name: Red kittentails (EN)
Distribution: USA (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington State)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Bartsia gymnandra Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 430 (1813)
= Besseya rubra (Douglas ex Hook.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 280 (1903)
= Gymnandra rubra Douglas ex Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 2: 103 (1838)
= Lunellia rubra (Douglas ex Hook.) Nieuwland; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 189 (1914)
= Veronica rubra (Douglas ex Hook.) M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 443 (2004)
= Wulfenia rubra (Douglas ex Hook.) Greene; Erythea 2: 83 (1894)
species :
Synthyris schizantha Piper; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 223 (1902)
Name: Fringepetal kittentails (EN)
Distribution: USA (Oregon: Clatsop Co., Washington State: Lewis Co., Grays Harbor Co.)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Veronica schizantha (Piper) M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 443 (2004)
species :
Synthyris wyomingensis (A.Nelson) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 5 (1903)
Name: Wyoming kittentails (EN)
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan); USA (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming)
71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Besseya cinerea (Raf.) Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 104 (1933)
= Besseya gymnocarpa (A.Nelson) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 280 (1903)
= Besseya wyomingensis (A.Nelson) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 280 (1903)
= Synthyris gymnocarpa (A.Nelson) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 5 (1903)
= Synthyris wyomingensis var. gymnocarpa (A.Nelson) A.Nelson; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt., ed. 2: 450 (1909)
= Veronica cinerea Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 39 (1838), nom. rej. prop.
= Veronica schinzii Asch. & Sint. ex Römpp; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 50: 116 (1928), pro syn.
= Veronica wyomingensis (A.Nelson) M.M.Mart.Ort. & Albach; Taxon 53(2): 443 (2004)
= Wulfenia gymnocarpa A.Nelson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 282 (1898)
= Wulfenia wyomingensis A.Nelson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 281 (1898)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life