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184.0000 Family Ranunculaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 231 (1789), nom. cons.
52 genera, ca. 3700 spp.
Species listed in database: 3821; hybrids: 107
= Aconitaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 216 (1820)
= Actaeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 1(16-53): 2, 140 (1823)
= Anemonaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 264, 275 (1818)
= Aquilegiaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 375, 861, 979 (1870)
= Calthaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 92 (1820)
= Cimicifugaceae Bromhead; Mag. Nat. Hist. 4: 336, 338 (1840)
= Clematidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 134 (1820)
= Delphiniaceae Brenner; Florist. Handb. 52 (1886)
= Glaucidiaceae M.Tamura; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 85: 40 (1972)
= Helleboraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 264, 274 (1818)
= Hydrastidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Nigellaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 76 (1858)
= Thalictraceae Raf.; Anal. Nat. 176 (1815)
= Xanthorhizaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 1(16-53): 2, 145 (1823)
184.5412 Genus Ficaria Guett.; Hist. Acad. Roy. Sci. Mém. Math. Phys. (Paris, 4to) 355 (1754)
Distribution: Europe, Mediterranean to Iran
Species listed in database: 7; hybrids: 1
species :
Ficaria ambigua Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 20 (1857)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isle of Man, St. Kilda Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Netherlands [I]; Switzerland; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); N- & NW-Italy
10 GRB IRE 11 net SWI 12 CIS FRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ficaria fertilis (A.R.Clapham ex Laegaard) Galasso, Banfi & Soldano; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 152(2): 92 (2011)
= Ficaria verna subsp. fertilis (Laegaard) Stace; Watsonia 27(3): 246 (2009)
= Ranunculus fertilis (A.R.Clapham ex Laegaard) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 270 (2010)
= Ranunculus ficaria subsp. fertilis A.R.Clapham ex Laegaard; Nordic J. Bot. 20: 526 (2000 publ. 2001)
= Ranunculus ficaria subsp. fertilis Laegaard; Nordic J. Bot. 20: 526 (2001)
species :
Ficaria calthifolia Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 718 (1832)
Name: Fig buttercup (EN), Nacktstängel-Scharbockskraut (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Bayern [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. many islands); E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Libya; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey; USA [I] (Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Tennessee [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I])
11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 20 LBY 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 EAI TUR 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Ficaria holubyi Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 15(2): 32 (1877)
= Ficaria intermedia Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 14 (1866)
= Ficaria ledebourii Grossh. & Schischk.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim] 2: 108 (1930)
= Ficaria nudicaulis A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 13: 188 (1863)
= Ficaria popovii subsp. abchasica A.P.Khokhr.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 75: 77 (fig.) (1969)
= Ficaria pumila Velen.; N. Beitr. Kenntn. Fl. Ost-Rumel. und Bulg. ex Bornm. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 23: 108 (1888)
= Ficaria ranunculoides var. incumbens F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. France Allem. [F.W.Schultz] 1: 122 (1855)
= Ficaria stepporum P.A.Smirn.; Fl. Lushkensis 142 (1958)
= Ficaria transsilvanica Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 14 (1866)
= Ficaria verna agamosp. calthifolia (Rchb.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114(1): 52 (1961)
= Ficaria verna subsp. calthifolia (Rchb.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 7 (1878)
= Ficaria verna subsp. ledebourii (Grossh. & Schischk.) Soó
= Ranunculus calthifolius (Rchb.) Bluff, Nees & Schauer; Comp. Fl. German., ed. 2 [Bluff & Fingerhuth] 1(2): 295 (1837)
= Ranunculus ficaria f. incumbens (F.W.Schultz) F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. 224 (1856)
= Ranunculus ficaria subsp. calthifolius (Rchb.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 11 (1882)
= Ranunculus ficaria subsp. calthifolius (Rchb.) Simonk.; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 45 (1887)
= Ranunculus ficaria subsp. nudicaulis (A.Kern.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 3: 543 (1912)
= Ranunculus ficaria subsp. nudicaulis (A.Kern.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 1: 73 (1893)
= Ranunculus ficaria var. incumbens (F.W.Schultz) Syme; Engl. Bot., ed. 3B, 1: 48 (1863)
= Ranunculus ficaria var. peltiformis Brittinger; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 12(Abh.): 1087 (1862)
= Ranunculus nudicaulis (A.Kern.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 1: 73 (1893)
species :
Ficaria chrysocephala (P.D.Sell) Galasso, Banfi & Soldano; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 152(2): 93 (2011)
Distribution: Greece (Kiklades); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos, etc.)
13 GRC KRI 34 EAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ranunculus ficaria subsp. chrysocephalus P.D.Sell; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 106(2): 117 (1991)
= Ficaria verna subsp. chrysocephala (P.D.Sell) Stace; Watsonia 27(3): 246 (2009)
species :
Ficaria grandiflora Robert; Pl. Phan. Toulon 112 (1838)
Name: Großblütiges Scharbockskraut (DE); Large-flowered Celandine (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. [I] (Guernsey [I]); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Croatia; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; European Russia; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Northern Caucasus; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey; Cyprus; Lebanon; Syria; Israel; ?Jordania; Chatham Isl. [I]
10 grb ire 12 BAL cis COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT SIC TUE 14 KRY RUS 20 ALG MOR TUN 33 NCS 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB SYR TUR 51 ctm
Synonyms: hidden
= Ficaria calthifolia subsp. grandiflora (Robert) Trinajstic; Zborn. I. Simp. Biosist. Jugosl. 160 (1971)
= Ficaria degenii Herv.; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 15: 27 (1905)
= Ficaria ficariiformis (Rouy & Foucaud) O.Schwarz; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 84 (1934), nom. inval.
= Ficaria ficariiformis (Rouy & Foucaud) O.Schwarz ex A.W.Hill; Index Kew., Suppl. 9: 116 (1938), isonym
= Ficaria ranunculoides subsp. grandiflora (Robert) Cadevall & Sallent; Fl. Catalunya 1: 42 (1913)
= Ficaria roberti F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. France Allem. [F.W.Schultz] 346 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Ficaria verna f. disjuncta Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 272 (1924)
= Ficaria verna subsp. ficariiformis (F.W.Schultz ex Rouy & Foucaud) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 21: 59 (1930)
= Ficaria verna subsp. ficariiformis (Rouy & Foucaud) B.Walln.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 109: 277 (2008), isonym
= Ficaria verna subsp. ficariiformis (Rouy & Foucaud) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 21: 59 (1930)
= Ficaria verna subsp. ficariiformis (Rouy & Foucaud) Quézel & Santa; Nouv. Fl. Algér. 369 (1962) (comb. inval.)
= Ficaria verna subsp. ficariiformis (Rouy & Foucaud) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12(1-2): 111 (1966)
= Ficaria verna subsp. grandiflora (Robert) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.):327 (1924)
= Ficaria verna var. africana Pau
= Ficaria verna var. intermedia (Ball) Font Quer; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. 1930 no. 211 (1932), in sched.
= Ranunculus ficaria f. divergens F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. 2: 224 (1856), nom. inval.
= Ranunculus ficaria f. incumbens F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. 2: 224 (1856), nom. inval.
= Ranunculus ficaria subsp. ficariiformis F.W.Schultz ex Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 1: 73 (1893)
= Ranunculus ficaria subsp. grandiflora (Robert) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 232 (1913)
= Ranunculus ficaria var. grandiflora (Robert) F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. 2: 224 (1856)
= Ranunculus ficaria var. intermedius Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 304 (1877)
= Ranunculus ficariiformis (Rouy & Foucaud) Beck; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 26: p. ? (1914)
species :
Ficaria ficarioides (Bory & Chaub.) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 26 (1900)
Distribution: Greece (mountains of Peloponnisos, Mt. Grammos, Mt. Vardousia); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Kasos, Karpathos); Turkey; Syria; Iran (N-Iran)
13 GRC 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 EAI IRN SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ficaria verna subsp. ficarioides (Bory & Chaub.) Veldkamp; Gorteria 37(3-4): 107 (2015)
= Ranunculus ficarioides Bory & Chaub.; Nouv. Fl. Pélop. 34 (1838)
= Ficaria peloponnesiaca Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 179 (1855)
species :
Ficaria kochii (Ledeb.) Iranshahr & Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 171: 126 (1992)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, W-Iran)
32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ficaria calthifolia var. adzharica Kem.-Nath.; Fl. Gruzii, ed. 2, 3: 241 (1975)
= Ficaria edulis (Boiss. & Hohen.) Grossh.; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s., 3-4: 17 (1926-1927 publ. 1927)
= Ficaria fascicularis K.Koch; Linnaea 15: 249 (1841) (non Ranunculus fascicularis Bigelow 1814)
= Ficaria kochii var. bulbifera Pakravan; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 153: 294 (2023)
= Ficaria popovii Khokhr.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 73: 76 (1969)
= Ficaria popovii var. abchasica A.P.Khokhr.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 73: 77 (1969)
= Ficaria varia Otsch.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 25: 6 (1965)
= Ficaria verna subsp. kochii (Ledeb.) Veldkamp; Gorteria 37(3-4): 107 (2015)
= Ranunculus edulis Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 4 (1849)
= Ranunculus kochii Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 731 (1843)
species :
Ficaria verna Huds.; Fl. Angl. [Hudson] 214 (1762)
subspecies :
subsp. verna
Name: Knöllchen-Scharbockskraut (DE); Lesser Celandine (EN)
Distribution: Iceland; Svalbard; Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Isle of Man); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Romania; European Turkey; Canary Isl. [I] (Tenerife [I]); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); Australia [I] (Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]
10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SVA SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ITA MLT ROM SIC SMA TUE 21 cny 32 KAZ 33 NCS 34 CYP IRN ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 50 aus 51 nzl
Synonyms: hidden
= Chelidonium minus Garsault; Fig. Pl. Med., t. 220 (1764)
= Ficaria aperta Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 15(2): 31 (1877)
= Ficaria communis Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 4: 445 (1811), nom. inval.
= Ficaria communis J.St.-Hil.; Expos. Fam. Nat. 1: 489 (1805)
= Ficaria ficaria (L.) H.Karst.; Ill. Repert. Pharm.-Med. Bot. 565 (1886)
= Ficaria polypetala Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 259 (1782), nom. utique oppr.
= Ficaria ranunculiflora Moench ex St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 13 (1889)
= Ficaria ranunculoides Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 2(1): 622 (1789)
= Ficaria ranunculoides var. divergens F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. France Allem. [F.W.Schultz] 1: 122 (1855)
= Ficaria rotundifolia Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 15(2): 32 (1877)
= Ficaria verna f. divergens (F.W.Schultz) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18(1-2): 176 (1973)
= Ficaria verna f. dolichopetala (Zapal.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18(1-2): 176 (1973), without basionym date
= Ficaria verna f. elongata (Zapal.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18(1-2): 176 (1973), without basionym date
= Ficaria verna f. marmorata Priszter; Magyar Fl. Veg. 6: 184 (1980)
= Ficaria verna f. parviflora (Peterm.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12(1-2): 111 (1966)
= Ficaria verna f. podolica (Zapal.) Soó; Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 8: 298 (1966)
= Ficaria verna f. polypetala (Zapal.) Soó; Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 8: 298 (1966)
= Ficaria vulgaris J.St.-Hil.; Pl. France 2: 50 (1808)
= Ranunculus claviformis Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 221 (1867)
= Ranunculus ficaria f. divergens (F.W.Schultz) F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. 2: 224 (1856)
= Ranunculus ficaria f. divergens (F.W.Schultz) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 3: 543 (1912)
= Ranunculus ficaria f. marmorata Priszter; Magyar Fl. Veg. 6: 184 (1980)
= Ranunculus ficaria f. nigromaculatus (Schur) Gajic; Fl. Serbia 1: 368 (1992)
= Ranunculus ficaria L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 550 (1753)
= Ranunculus ficaria var. adzharica Kem.-Nath.; Fl. Gruzii, ed. 2, 3: 241 (1975)
= Ranunculus ficaria var. bulbifer Albert; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Var [Albert & Jahandiez] 7 (1908)
= Ranunculus ficaria var. cordifolius Brittinger; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 12(Abh.): 1087 (1862)
= Ranunculus ficaria var. divergens (F.W.Schultz) Syme; Engl. Bot., ed. 3B, 1: 48 (1863)
= Ranunculus ficaria var. humilis Brittinger; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 12(Abh.): 1087 (1862)
= Ranunculus ficaria var. incumbens (F.W.Schultz) Syme; Engl. Bot., ed. 3B, 1: 48 (1863)
= Ranunculus praecox Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 372 (1796)
subspecies :
subsp. bulbifera Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 52 (1961)
Distribution: Germany; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Turkey
11 GER HUN SLO 12 FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS NMA SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Caltha hiranoi M.Tamura; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 17: 117 (1958)
= Ficaria bulbifera (Á.Löve & D.Löve) Holub; Preslia 33: 400 (1961)
= Ficaria verna subsp. bulbifera Marsden-Jones ex Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114(1): 52 (1961), nom. illeg.
= Ranunculus ficaria subsp. bulbifer Lawalrée; Fl. Gén. Belgique, Spermatoph. 2: 60 (1955), nom. illeg.
= Ranunculus ficaria subsp. bulbilifer Lambinon; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 51: 462 (1981)
= Ranunculus ficaria var. bulbifer Marsden-Jones; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 50: 40 (1935) (non Albert in Cat. Pl. Vasc. Var [Albert & Jahandiez] 7 (1908))
species :
Ficaria ×sellii Duchoslav, Popelka & Trávn.; Preslia 91(3): 205 (2019)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Bayern); Czech Republic
11 CZE GER
Remarks: Ficaria verna x calthifolia
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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