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177.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017) and Soreng et al. (2022)
Species listed in database: 12112; hybrids: 385
= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 221 (1820)
= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 19 (1820)
= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 28 (1820)
= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)
= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)
= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 270 (1827)
= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 60. 31 (1820)
= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 9, 268 (1827)
= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 269 (1827)
= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. [Pfeiffer] 1(2): 818. ante (1873)
= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 51, 269 (1827)
= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271, 272 (1827)
= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Festucaceae Spreng.; Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)
= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 28 (1789), nom. cons.
= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 252 (1833)
= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)
= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 6, 267 (1827)
= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 91, 270 (1827)
= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 413 (1820)
= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 3, 268 (1827)
= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 47, 269 (1827)
= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)
= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)
= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 46, 268 (1827)
= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 22, 268 (1827)
= Zeaceae A.J.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)
= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 8, 268 (1827)
177.4931 Genus Leucopoa Griseb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 383 (1852)
Distribution: montane temperate Eurasia. The genus is frequently included in Festuca s. lat.
Species listed in database: 14
= Festuca Subgen.Leucopoa (Griseb.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1253 (1971)
= Xanthochloa (Krivot.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 91(2): 275 (2006)
species :
Leucopoa albida (Turcz. ex Trin.) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 495 (1934)
Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan); Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan; China (Nei Mongol, NE-China); Mongolia; Pakistan (Chitral, Gilgit, Baltistan, Karakorum)
30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI 37 MON 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca albida (Turcz. ex Trin.) Malyschev; Vysokogorn. Fl. Sayana 68 (1965), p. p. non Lowe (1831)
= Festuca sibirica Hack. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 626 (1884)
= Festuca sibirica subvar. karoi St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 132 (1924)
= Festuca sichotensis var. brevipaniculata Krivot.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 77 (1955), no Latin descr.
= Koeleria sibirica Rudolph ex Griseb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 383 (1852), pro syn.
= Leucopoa kreczetoviczii Sobolevsk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 75 (1951)
= Leucopoa sibirica Griseb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 383 (1852), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Poa albida Turcz. ex Trin.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 387 (1830)
= Schedonorus transparens Munro ex Lipsky; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 26: 610 (1910), pro syn.
species :
Leucopoa calabrica (Huter, Porta & Rigo) H.Scholz & Foggi; Willdenowia 35(2): 242 (2005)
Distribution: S-Italy
13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca calabrica Huter, Porta & Rigo; Exsicc. (Ital. Itin.) 3: no. 461 (1877), in sched., ex ex Hack., Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 190 (1882)
= Festuca spectabilis Guss. ex Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 191 (1882), pro syn.
species :
Leucopoa carpatica (F.Dietr.) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 35(2): 242 (2005)
Name: Karpaten-Schwingel
Distribution: S-Poland; Slovakia; Romania; W-Ukraine
11 POL SLO 13 ROM 14 UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Amphigenes carpathica Janka; Linnaea 30: 619 (1860)
= Amphigenes nutans Janka; Linnaea 30: 619 (1860), nom. inval.
= Festuca carpatica F.Dietr.; Vollst. Lex. Gärtn., Nachtr. 3: 333 (1817)
= Festuca carpatica f. elatior Krajina; Polska Akad. Umiejetn. Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr., Dzial B, Nauki Biol. 9: 219 (1930)
= Festuca carpatica f. subflavescens Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 4B(44B): 184 (1905)
= Festuca dimorpha Janka; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 16: 101 (1866) et auct.
= Festuca pseudolaxa Schur; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 8: 22 (1858), nomen
species :
Leucopoa caucasica (Boiss.) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 496 (1934)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus (incl. Daghestan); Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Mtiuleti)
33 GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca caucasica (Boiss.) Hack. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 626 (1884)
= Festuca caucasica (Boiss.) Hack. ex Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9(1): 401 (1884)
= Festuca sibirica var. caucasica Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 626 (1884)
species :
Leucopoa dimorpha (Guss.) H.Scholz & Foggi; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
Distribution: SE-France; C-Italy; NW-Italy
12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca dimorpha Guss.; Pl. Rar. Neapol. [Gussone] 34 (1826)
= Festuca dimorpha var. majellensis Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur. 504 (1910)
= Festuca laxa subsp. dimorpha (Guss.) St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 132 (1924)
species :
Leucopoa hedgei Bor; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 70: 71 (1970)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca hedgei (Bor) E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 82(3): 100 (1977)
species :
Leucopoa karatavica (Bunge) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 496 (1934)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Baghlan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Kabul, Laghman, Wardak, Parwan, Takhar); NW-India
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca griffithiana (St.-Yves) Krivot.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 70 (1955)
= Festuca karatavica (Bunge) B.Fedtsch.; Rastitel´n. Turkest. [B.Fedtschenko] 136 (1915)
= Festuca kronenburgii Hack.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 11: 132 (1905)
= Festuca subspicata (Regel) Lipsky; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 26: 609 (1910)
= Festuca subspicata var. griffithiana St.-Yves; Rev. Bretonne Bot. Pure Appl. 2: 95 (1927)
= Festuca turkestanica Franch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 6, 18: 273 (1884)
= Glyceria subspicata Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 624 (1880)
= Leucopoa griffithiana (St.-Yves) Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 1: 205 (1957)
= Lolium karatavicum (Bunge) Sennikov; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tian-Shan 82 (2021)
= Poa karatavica Bunge; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 7: 525 (1851)
= Xanthochloa karatavica (Bunge) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 91(2): 275 (2006)
species :
Leucopoa kingii (S.Watson) W.A.Weber; Univ. Colorado Stud., Ser. Biol. 23: 2 (1966)
Name: Spike fescue
Distribution: USA (SE-Oregon, Nevada, E-California, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, NW-Nebraska, N-Kansas, NW-New Mexico)
73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca confinis Vasey; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 11: 126 (1884)
= Festuca kingii (S.Watson) Cassidy; Bull. Colorado State Univ. Exp. Sta. 12: 36 (1890)
= Festuca watsonii Nash; Man. Fl. N. States [Britton] 148 (1901), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Hesperochloa kingii (S.Watson) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 106 (1912)
= Poa glumaris Thunb.; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 2: 313 non Trin.
= Poa kingii S.Watson; Botany (Fortieth Parallel) 387 (1871)
= Wasatchia kingii (S.Watson) Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 14: 16 (1912)
species :
Leucopoa laxa (Host) H.Scholz & Foggi; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
Name: Schlaffer Schwingel
Distribution: S-Austria; Slovenia
11 AUT 13 SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca laxa Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 2: 58 (1802)
species :
Leucopoa olgae (Regel) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 495 (1934)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Wakhan, Herat, Orozgan / Daykundi); China (Xinjiang, Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan (Baltistan); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Colpodium afghanicum Bor; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 70: 57 (1970)
= Festuca deasyi Rendle; J. Bot. 38: 429 (1900)
= Festuca olgae (Regel) Krivot.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 56 (1960)
= Festuca olgae subsp. deasyi (Rendle) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 30 (1972)
= Festuca olgae var. deasyi (Rendle) Tzvelev; Rast. Tsentral. Azii 4: 163 (1968)
= Festuca sibirica var. deasyi (Rendle) St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 132 (1924)
= Leucopoa deasyi (Rendle) L.Liu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 232 (2002)
= Lolium olgae (Regel) Sennikov; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tian-Shan 83 (2021)
= Molinia olgae Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 625 (1880)
species :
Leucopoa pulchella (Schrad.) H.Scholz & Foggi; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
subspecies :
subsp. pulchella
Name: Zierlicher Schwingel (DE)
Distribution: S-Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; ?Romania
11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO ITA SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca atrorubens Wulfen; Fl. Norica Phan. 151 (1858), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Festuca cernua Schult.; Oesterr. Fl., ed. 2, 1: 242 (1814)
= Festuca genuflexa Krock.; Fl. Siles. [Krocker], Suppl. 1: 172 (1823)
= Festuca pseudonutans Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 796 (1866), nom. inval.
= Festuca pulchella Schrad.; Fl. Germ. [Schrader] 336 (1806)
= Festuca pulchella subvar. plicata Huter ex Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 192 (1882)
= Festuca pulchella var. angustifolia (Ducommun) Bech.; Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 37: 159 (1928)
= Festuca pulchella var. latifolia (Ducommun) Bech.; Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 37: 159 (1928)
= Festuca pulchella var. punctulata Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur. 504 (1910)
= Festuca refracta Krock.; Fl. Siles. [Krocker], Suppl. 1: 172 (1823), pro syn.
= Festuca rhomboidea Kit.; Linnaea 32: 314 (1863)
= Festuca scheuchzeri Gaudin; Alpina 3: 70 (1811)
= Festuca scheuchzeri var. angustifolia Ducommun; Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot. 882 (1869)
= Festuca scheuchzeri var. latifolia Ducommun; Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot. 882 (1869)
= Festuca scheuchzeri var. plicata Huter ex Krajina; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel Zürich 10: 52 (1933), pro syn.
= Festuca scheuchzeriformis Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 796 (1866)
= Festuca spadicea Miel.; Bot. Taschenb. Anfänger Wiss. Apothekerkunst 11: 184 (1801), nomen
= Schedonorus nutans Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 704 (1817)
= Schedonorus pulchellus (Schrad.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 99 (1812)
= Schedonorus scheuchzeri (Gaudin) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 99 (1812)
subspecies :
subsp. jurana (Gren.) H.Scholz & Foggi; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
Name: Jura-Schwingel (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland (Jura); Austria; SE-France; N-Italy; Slovenia
11 AUT GER SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca jurana (Gren.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 1: 352 (1908), nom. inval.
= Festuca jurana Gren. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 826 (1882), nom. inval.
= Festuca pulchella var. jurana Gren.; Mém. Soc. Émul. Doubs, Sér. 3, 10: 925 (1864)
species :
Leucopoa sclerophylla (Boiss. ex Bisch.) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 497 (1934)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anatherum tauricola Nábelek; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 111: 11 (1929)
= Avena anathera Nábelek; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 111: 12 (1929), pro syn.
= Festuca sclerophylla Boiss. ex Bisch.; Index Sem. (Heidelberg) (1849) 4, Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 1, 13: 59
= Festuca sclerophylla var. parvigluma Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 31 (1972)
= Festuca spectabilis f. sclerophylla (Boiss. ex Bisch.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 625 (1884)
= Festuca spectabilis subsp. sclerophylla (Boiss. ex Bisch.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 625 (1884)
= Nabelekia tauricola (Nábelek) Roshev.; Zlaki 254 (1937)
species :
Leucopoa spectabilis (Bertol.) H.Scholz & Foggi; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
subspecies :
subsp. spectabilis
Distribution: Italy; Croatia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (rare mountains of NW-, C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos)
13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca affinis Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 2(4): 137 (1859), pro syn.
= Festuca affinis Hack.; Exsicc. (Fl. Graec.) 1852: no. 2776 (1852)
= Festuca affinis var. multiflora (Boiss. & Heldr.) Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. ETH Stiftung Rübel Zürich 56: 170 (1976)
= Festuca cyllenica var. multiflora Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 2(4): 137 (1859)
= Festuca sieberi Tausch; Flora 20: 127 (1837)
= Festuca spadicea var. nemorosa Pollini; Fl. Veron. 1: 117 (1822)
= Festuca spectabilis Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 1: 612 (1834)
= Festuca spectabilis subsp. affinis (Boiss. & Heldr. ex Hack.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 189 (1882)
= Leucopoa spectabilis subsp. affinis (Hack.) H.Scholz & Foggi; Willdenowia 35: 243 (2005)
subspecies :
subsp. carniolica (Hack.) H.Scholz & Foggi; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
Distribution: Italy; Slovenia
13 ITA SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca carniolica (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 106 (1890)
= Festuca sieberi subsp. carniolica (Hack.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 530 (1900)
= Festuca spectabilis subsp. carniolica (Hack.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 288 (1932)
= Festuca spectabilis var. carniolica Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 189 (1882)
subspecies :
subsp. croatica (A.J.Kern.) Foggi, Parolo, Gr.Rossi, Ardenghi & Quercioli; Inform. Bot. Ital. 42(1): 351 (2010)
Distribution: Croatia
13 CRO
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca croatica A.J.Kern.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. [Kerner] 1: 105 (1881)
species :
Leucopoa stygia (H.Scholz & Strid) H.Scholz & Foggi; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
Distribution: S-Greece (N-Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca stygia H.Scholz & A.Strid; Willdenowia 22(1-2): 85 (1992)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life