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147.0000 Family Asparagaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 40 (1789), nom. cons., s. l.
ca. 140 genera, ca. 3400 spp. The family is nowadays expanded very much to include all of former Asparagales (from Tecophilaeaceae to Ruscaceae)
Species listed in database: 3577; hybrids: 35
= Agavaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 57, 58 (1829), nom. cons.
= Anemarrhenaceae Conran, M.W.Chase & Rudall; Kew Bull. 52: 995 (1997)
= Anthericaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 27 (1858)
= Aphyllanthaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 421, 1153 (1835), Family
= Aspidistraceae Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 32 (1844)
= Behniaceae Conran, M.W.Chase & Rudall; Kew Bull. 52: 996 (1997)
= Chlorogalaceae Doweld & Reveal; Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 71: 53 (2005)
= Convallariaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 53 (1834)
= Dracaenaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl. [Salisbury] 73 (1866), nom. cons.
= Eriospermaceae Orb.; Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 5: 402 (1845)
= Eucomidaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl. [Salisbury] 16 (1866)
= Eustrephaceae Chupov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 79(3): 7 (1994)
= Herreriaceae Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 5: 290 (1850)
= Hesperocallidaceae Traub; Pl. Life (Stanford) 28: 131 (1972)
= Hostaceae B.Mathew; Kew Bull. 43: 302 (1988)
= Hyacinthaceae Batsch ex Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 315 (1797), Family
= Lachenaliaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl. [Salisbury] 20 (1866)
= Laxmanniaceae Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 4: 111 (1902), Family
= Lomandraceae Lotsy; Vortr. Bot. Stammesgesch. 3: 761 (1911)
= Nolinaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 226 (1943)
= Ophiopogonaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 397, Comm. 308 (1842)
= Ornithogalaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl. [Salisbury] 33 (1866)
= Peliosanthaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl. [Salisbury] 63 (1866)
= Polygonataceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl. [Salisbury] 63 (1866)
= Ruscaceae M.Roem.; Handb. Allg. Bot. [M.J.Römer] 3: 446 (1840), nom. cons.
= Sansevieriaceae Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 779 (1936)
= Scillaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 267, 284 (1818)
= Themidaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl. [Salisbury] 84 (1866), Family
= Tupistraceae Schnizl.; Iconogr. Fam. Regn. Veg. 1: 72 (1846)
= Yuccaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 8 (1858)
147.7611 Genus Muscari Tourn. ex Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 4: s. p. (1754)
Distribution: Mediterranean, Caucasus, Asia Minor to Pakistan and Middle Asia. Leopoldia, Muscarimia and Pseudomuscari are frequently treated as separate genera but re-included by Böhnert et al. (2023). Six species described by Ravenna from ´Palestine´ with lost types are not listed.
Species listed in database: 84
= Botryanthus Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 310 (1843)
= Botrycomus Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 160 (1869)
= Botryphile Salisb.; Gen. Pl. [Salisbury] 25 (1866)
= Comus Salisb.; Gen. Pl. [Salisbury] 24 (1866)
= Czekelia Schur; Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 237 (1856)
= Etheiranthus Kostel.; Index Hort. Bot. Prag. 56 (1844)
= Eubotrys Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 5 (1837)
= Leopoldia Herb.; Bot. Mag. sub t. 2113 (1819)
= Moscharia Tourn. ex Salisb.; Gen. Char. Engl. Bot. 25 (1806), nom. illeg.
= Muscarimia Kostel. ex Losinsk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 4: 411 (1935)
= Pelotris Raf.; Autik. Bot. 125 (1840)
= Pseudomuscari Garbari & Greuter; Taxon 19: 334 (1970)
species :
Muscari adilii M.B.Güner & H.Duman; Karaca Arbor. Mag. 5(2): 59 (1999)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari albiflorum (Täckh. & Boulos) Hosni; Taeckholmia 11: 54 (1988)
Distribution: Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt)
20 EGY
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia albiflora Täckh. & Boulos; Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 80 (1974)
= Muscari albiflorum (Täckh. & Boulos) D.Heller; Consp. Fl. Orient. 6: 32 (1991), isonym
species :
Muscari alpanicum Schchian; Zametki Syst. Geogr. Rast. 2: 13 (1938)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO
Remarks: possibly a synonym of M. armeniacum
species :
Muscari anatolicum Cowley & Özhatay; Kew Bull. 49(3): 485 (1994)
Distribution: S-Greece (Peloponnisos: Mt. Klokos); Turkey (S-Anatolia)
13 GRC 34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari archibaldii (Ruksans) comb.ined.
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. and status unconfirmed
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia archibaldii Ruksans; Int. Rock Gard. 134: 9, photogrs. (2021)
species :
Muscari armeniacum H.J.Veitch; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 1: 687 (1872)
Name: Armenisches Träubel (DE), Armenian Grape-hyacinth, Garden Grape-hyacinth (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I] (widespread); Austria [I]; Switzerland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Poland [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Guernsey [I], Jersey [I], Sark [I]); Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered NE-Greece, rare Mt. Agrafa, Mt. Athos); Ukraine [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Racha-Lechkhumi, Adzharia, Kartli, Javakheti, Kakheti); Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh, Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iran (NW-Iran: Iranian Azerbaijan); Australia [I] (South Australia [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Canada [I] (Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Illinois [I], Louisiana [I], Ohio [I])
10 grb ire 11 aut bgm cze ger lux net pol slo swi 12 cis fra 13 BUL GRC KOS NMA SRB TUE 14 ukr 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa
Remarks: subgen. Muscari. By far the most commonly cultivated species and escaping frequently
Synonyms: hidden
= Bellevalia aperta (Freyn & Conrath) Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim] 1: 233 (1928)
= Botryanthus micranthus Baker; Gard. Chron., n. s. 9: 799 (1878)
= Botryanthus szovitsianus Baker; Gard. Chron., n. s. 9: 799 (1878)
= Muscari alexandrae Khokhr.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 96(4): 106 (1991)
= Muscari apertum Freyn & Conrath; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 194 (1896)
= Muscari argaei Anon.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 20: 394 (1883)
= Muscari argaei f. album Tubergen; Nursery Cat. (van Tubergen) 1935: ? (1935)
= Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker; Gard. Chron., n. s. 9: 798 (1878), nom. illeg.
= Muscari colchicum Grossh.; Trudy Azerbaijdzansk. Otd. Zakavkazsk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 1: 50 (1933)
= Muscari concinnum Baker; Gard. Chron., n. s. 9: 799 (1878)
= Muscari conicum Baker; Gard. Chron., n. s. 9: 799 (1878)
= Muscari cyaneoviolaceum Turrill; Bot. Mag. 157: t. 9372 (1934)
= Muscari elegantulum Schchian; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 17: 114 (1953)
= Muscari maweanum Baker; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 1889(III): 5: 648 (1889)
= Muscari micranthum Baker; Gard. Chron., n. s. 9: 799 (1878)
= Muscari pauperulum Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 78 (1885)
= Muscari pendulum Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 2: 484 (1873)
= Muscari polyanthum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 297 (1882)
= Muscari pyramidatum Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovsky] 556 (1891)
= Muscari schliemannii Freyn & Asch.; Flora 68: 6 (1885)
= Muscari sosnovskyi Schchian; Trudy Tbilissk. Bot. Inst. 10: 224 (1946)
= Muscari szovitsianum Baker; Gard. Chron., n. s. 9: 799 (1878)
= Muscari woronowii Tron & Losinsk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 4: 744 (1935)
= Pseudomuscari apertum (Freyn & Conrath) Garbari; Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa, Mem. B 77: 112 (1970 publ. 1971)
species :
Muscari artvinense Demirci & E.Kaya; Türk. Geofitleri 3: 544 (2014)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari atillae Yildirim; Phytotaxa 213(3): 291 (2015)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari atlanticum Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 114 (1852)
Distribution: Spain (mountains); Morocco
12 SPA 20 MOR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari, neglectum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Botryanthus atlanticus (Boiss. & Reut.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 734 (1882)
= Botryanthus granatensis (Freyn) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2(1): 307 (1889)
= Muscari atlanticum var. valentinum Pau; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 27: 447 (1899)
= Muscari fontqueri Sennen; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s., 71: 15 (1925)
= Muscari granatense Freyn; Flora 68: 7 (1885)
= Muscari neglectum subsp. atlanticum (Boiss. & Reut.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 4: 100 (2001)
= Muscari neglectum var. atlanticum (Boiss. & Reut.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 133 (1931)
= Muscari neglectum var. fontqueri (Sennen) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 4: 100 (2001)
= Muscari neglectum var. valentinum (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 4: 100 (2001)
species :
Muscari aucheri (Boiss.) Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 418 (1871)
Name: Aucher-Träubel (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
11 ger 34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
Synonyms: hidden
= Botryanthus aucheri Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 63 (1844)
= Muscari lingulatum Baker; J. Bot. 12: 6 (1874)
= Muscari sintenisii Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 193 (1896)
= Muscari tubergenianum Hoog ex Turrill; Bot. Mag. 169: t. 195 (1952), et J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 77: 367 (1952)
= Scilla tubergeniana Hoog; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 99: 330, anglice. (1936)
species :
Muscari azureum Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 4 (1858); et in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 12: 165 (1859)
Name: Himmelblaues Träubel (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)
11 ger 34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Pseudomuscari
Synonyms: hidden
= Bellevalia azurea (Fenzl) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 307 (1882)
= Hyacinthella azurea (Fenzl) Chouard; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), Sér. 2, 3: 178 (1931)
= Muscari praecox Siehe; Gartenflora 77: 56 (1928)
= Pseudomuscari azureum (Fenzl) Garbari & Greuter; Taxon 19: 334 (1970)
species :
Muscari babachii Eker & Koyuncu; Nordic J. Bot. 26(1-2): 49 (2008)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia babachii (Eker & Koyuncu) Eker; e-Fl. Turkey (Muscari, Muscarimia, Leopoldia): 89 (2022)
species :
Muscari baeticum Blanca, Ruíz Rejón & Suár.-Sant.; Taxon 56(4): 1184 (2007)
Distribution: Spain (N- & C-Spain: mountains)
12 SPA
Remarks: subgen. Muscari, neglectum agg.
species :
Muscari bicolor Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 294 (1882)
Distribution: Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel)
20 EGY 34 ISR LEB
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia bicolor (Boiss.) Eig & Feinbrun; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 4: 58 (1947)
species :
Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 1 (1768)
Name: Kleine Traubenhyazinthe, Common grape hyacinth
Distribution: Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany (Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen [I], Hamburg [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz [I], Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland, Sachsen [I], +Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (mainland, mostly north); Belarus [I]; Ukraine; European Russia [I]; Iran [I] (SW-Iran [I]); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I])
11 AUT bgm GER HUN LIE net POL SLO SWI 12 COR FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB 14 blr rus UKR 34 irn 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
Synonyms: hidden
= Botryanthus alpestris Jord. & Fourr.; Icon. Fl. Eur. [Jordan & Fourreau] 2: 23 (1870)
= Botryanthus boraeanus Jord. & Fourr.; Icon. Fl. Eur. [Jordan & Fourreau] 2: 22 (1870)
= Botryanthus candidus Jord. & Fourr.; Icon. Fl. Eur. [Jordan & Fourreau] 2: 23 (1870)
= Botryanthus compactus Jord. & Fourr.; Icon. Fl. Eur. [Jordan & Fourreau] 2: 24 (1870)
= Botryanthus conicus Jord. & Fourr.; Icon. Fl. Eur. [Jordan & Fourreau] 2: 24 (1870)
= Botryanthus festinus Jord. & Fourr.; Icon. Fl. Eur. [Jordan & Fourreau] 2: 23 (1870)
= Botryanthus kerneri (Marches.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2(1): 307 (1889)
= Botryanthus lelievrei (Boreau) Jord. & Fourr.; Icon. Fl. Eur. [Jordan & Fourreau] 2: 23 (1870)
= Botryanthus odorus var. compactus (Jord. & Fourr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 734 (1882)
= Botryanthus vulgaris Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 311 (1843)
= Botryanthus vulgaris var. kerneri (Marches.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 307 (1890)
= Botryanthus vulgaris var. transsilvanicus (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 734 (1882)
= Botryphile botryoides (L.) Salisb.; Gen. Pl. [Salisbury] 25 (1866)
= Czekelia transsylvanica (Schur) Schur; Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 237 (1856)
= Eubotrys arvensis Raf.; Autik. Bot. 124 (1840), nom. superfl.
= Hyacinthus botryoides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 318 (1753)
= Muscari alpinum Szafer ex Racib.; Kosmos (Lvov) 35: 739 (1910), nom. illeg.
= Muscari botryoides f. candicum Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 1125 (1895)
= Muscari botryoides lusus lacteiflorum (Borbás) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 16: 365 (1970 publ. 1971)
= Muscari botryoides subsp. hungaricum Priszter; Bot. Közlem. 59(1): 46 (1972)
= Muscari botryoides subsp. kerneri (Marches.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 227 (1890)
= Muscari botryoides subsp. lelievrei (Boreau) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 227 (1890)
= Muscari botryoides subsp. lelievrei (Boreau) Garbari; Webbia 38: 142 (1984), isonym
= Muscari botryoides subsp. longifolium (Rigo) Garbari; Inform. Bot. Ital. 28(1): 59 (1996)
= Muscari botryoides subsp. motelayi (Foucaud) Kerguélen; Lejeunia 120: 130 (1987)
= Muscari botryoides subsp. transsilvanicum (Schur) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 10: 376 (1964)
= Muscari botryoides var. bifolium Pancic; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Vereins Wien 6: 579 (1856)
= Muscari botryoides var. lelievrei (Boreau) Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 418 (1870)
= Muscari botryoides var. longifolium (Rigo) Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 12: 152 (1905)
= Muscari botryoides var. motelayi (Foucaud) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 178 (1935)
= Muscari botryoides var. podolicum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 6B(46B): 84 (1906)
= Muscari carpaticum Racib.; Fl. Polska 1: 137 (1919)
= Muscari hymenophorum Heldr. ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 109 (1859)
= Muscari inodorum Montandon; Syn. Fl. Jura, ed. 2: 313 (1868)
= Muscari kerneri (Marches.) Soldano; Annot. Checkl. Italian Vasc. Fl. 20 (2005)
= Muscari kerneri var. lacteiflorum Borbás; Természzettud. Közl. 1896: 277 (1896)
= Muscari lelievrei proles motelayi (Foucaud) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 438 (1910)
= Muscari lelievrei Boreau; Notes Pl. Franç. 2: 29 (1846)
= Muscari longifolium Rigo; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 12: 152 (1905)
= Muscari motelayi Foucaud; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Charente-Infér. 60 (1891) cum ic.
= Muscari pocuticum Zapal.; Bull. Int. Acad. Sci. Cracovie, Cl. Sci. Math. 1906(2): 100 (1906)
= Muscari polyphyllum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 676 (1866)
= Muscari racemosum subsp. botryoides (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 300 (1894)
= Muscari racemosum subsp. lelievrei (Boreau) Douin; Fl. Ill. France 10: 90 (1929)
= Muscari racemosum var. motelayi (Foucaud) Douin; Fl. Ill. France 10: 90 (1929)
= Muscari transsilvanicum Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 76 (1853)
= Scilla inflata Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 243 (1796), nom. superfl.
species :
Muscari bourgaei Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 416 (1870)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Pulchella
species :
Muscari buseanum (Yildirim) comb.ined.
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia buseana Yildirim; Phytotaxa 625(1): 53 (2023)
species :
Muscari caucasicum (Griseb.) Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 414 (1870)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, NW-Iran: Iranian Azerbaijan, W-Iran)
33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Bellevalia caucasica Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 387 (1846)
= Leopoldia caucasica (Griseb. ex Baker) Losinsk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 4: 410 (1935)
= Muscari comosum var. mutilatum Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 514 (1880)
= Muscari mutilatum (Trautv.) Miscz. ex Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim] 1: 236 (1928)
= Muscari pallens Hohen. ex Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 414 (1870), nom. inval.
species :
Muscari cazorlanum C.Soriano, Rivas Ponce, R.Lozano & M.Ruíz; Lagascalia 15(2): 145 (1990)
Distribution: Spain (Jaen: Sa. de Cazorla etc.)
12 SPA
Remarks: subgen. Muscari, neglectum agg.
species :
Muscari chalusicum D.C.Stuart; Lily Year-Book 1967: 125 (1967), nom. nov.
Distribution: Iran (N-Iran)
34 IRN
Remarks: subgen. Pseudomuscari
Synonyms: hidden
= Bellevalia pseudomuscari Boiss. & Buhse; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 110 (1859)
= Botryanthus pseudomuscari (Boiss. & Buhse) Feinbrun
= Hyacinthella pseudomuscari (Boiss. & Buhse) Chouard; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 3: 178 (1931)
= Hyacinthus pseudomuscari (Boiss. & Buhse) Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 428 (1870)
= Muscari pseudomuscari (Boiss. & Buhse) Wendelbo; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38: 433 (1980)
= Pseudomuscari chalusicum (D.C.Stuart) Garbari; Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa, Mem. 77: 112 (1970 publ. 1971)
species :
Muscari coeleste Fomin; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 9: 11 (1908)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Pseudomuscari
Synonyms: hidden
= Bellevalia coelestis (Fomin) Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim] 1: 233 (1928)
= Bellevalia turkewiczii (Woronow) Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim] 1: 278 (1928)
= Hyacinthella turkewiczii Woronow; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 88 (1924), et Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 26: 610 (1927)
= Muscari elegans Miscz. ex Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim] 1: 237 (1928)
= Muscari turkewiczii (Woronow) Losinsk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 4: 420 (1935)
= Pseudomuscari coeleste (Fomin) Garbari; Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa, Mem., Ser. B 77: 112 (1970 publ. 1971)
= Pseudomuscari turkewiczii (Woronow) Garbari; Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa, Mem., Ser. B 77: 112 (1970 publ. 1971)
species :
Muscari coeruleum Losinsk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 4: 421, 745 (1935)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia)
33 GEO NCS
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
Synonyms: hidden
= Bellevalia coerulea (Losinsk.) Schchian; Fl. Gruzii 2: 508 (1941)
= Pseudomuscari coeruleum (Losinsk.) Garbari; Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa, Mem., Ser. B 77: 112 (1970 publ. 1971)
species :
Muscari commutatum Guss.; Pl. Rar. Neapol. [Gussone] 145 (1826), et Fl. Sic. Prodr. 1: 426 (1827)
Distribution: Italy; Sicily; Croatia; ?Montenegro; Greece (mainland, incl. most islands); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Lipsi, Leros, Kalimnos, Nisyros, Tilos, Karpathos, Rhodos); Iran (EC-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
13 CRO GRC ITA KRI SIC 34 EAI IRN ISR JOR LEB SYR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
Synonyms: hidden
= Botryanthus albovirens Tod.; Nuov. Gen. Sp. 76 (1861)
= Botryanthus commutatus (Guss.) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 311 (1843)
= Botryanthus commutatus var. albovirens (Tod.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 734 (1882)
= Botryanthus commutatus var. lafarinae (Lojac.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 734 (1882)
= Botryanthus commutatus var. latifolius Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 2: 503 (1857)
= Botryanthus lafarinae Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 3: 97 (1909)
= Botryanthus odorus var. acutilobus (Bertol.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 734 (1882)
= Hyacinthus bifolius Gouan ex Schult. & Schult.f.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(1): 594 (1829), nom. illeg.
= Hyacinthus commutatus (Guss.) Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 176 (1831)
= Muscari acutilobum Bertol.; Misc. Bot. [Bertoloni] 1: 21 (1842)
= Muscari albovirens (Tod.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 65 (1865)
= Muscari commutatum var. leonis Heldr. & Halácsy; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 46: 18 (1896)
= Muscari lafarinae (Lojac.) C.Brullo & Brullo; Gruppi Crit. Fl. Ital. 43 (2009)
= Muscari levieri Heldr. ex Sommier & Levier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 267 (1890)
species :
Muscari comosum (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 2 (1768)
Name: Schopfige Traubenhyazinthe (DE); Tassel Hyacinth (EN); Jacinto silvestre (ES)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Denmark [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares (Mallorca); France; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Guernsey [I], Jersey [I]); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. most islands); Crete; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, NW-Iran: Iranian Azerbaijan, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I]); USA [I] (Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Kentucky [I], Missouri [I], North Carolina [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I])
10 den grb 11 AUT bgm CZE GER HUN net POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL cis COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 KRY UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 50 aus 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Bellevalia bouriana Heldr. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 733 (1882)
= Bellevalia calandriniana (Parl.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 732 (1882)
= Bellevalia comosa (L.) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 306 (1843)
= Bellevalia graeca Heldr.; Atti Congr. Int. Bot. Firenze 1874: 228 (1876)
= Bellevalia graminifolia Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 733 (1882)
= Bellevalia holzmannii Freyn; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 27: 449 (1877), nom. illeg.
= Bellevalia holzmannii Heldr.; Atti Congr. Int. Bot. Firenze 1874: 228 (1876)
= Bellevalia holzmannii var. curta (Heldr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 733 (1882)
= Bellevalia pharmacusana (Heldr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 733 (1882)
= Bellevalia pinardii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 62 (1844)
= Bellevalia sartoriana (Heldr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 733 (1882)
= Bellevalia sartoriana subsp. pharmacusana (Heldr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 733 (1882)
= Bellevalia tenuiflora subsp. constricta (Tausch) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 306 (1890)
= Botrycomus vulgaris Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 160 (1869)
= Etheiranthus constrictus (Tausch) Kostel.; Index Hort. Bot. Prag. 56 (1844)
= Etheiranthus milleri Kostel.; Index Hort. Bot. Prag. 56 (1844)
= Eubotrys comosa (L.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 124 (1840)
= Hyacinthus comosus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 318 (1753)
= Hyacinthus fuliginosus Pall.; Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. Hist. Acad. 10: 309 (1797), nomen
= Hyacinthus monstrosus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 318 (1753)
= Hyacinthus paniculatus Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 193 (1789)
= Hyacinthus plumosus Reider; Ann. Blumisterei Gartenbesitz. 6: 287 (1830)
= Leopoldia anguliflora Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 3: 93 (1909)
= Leopoldia bormaniana Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 3: 94 (1909)
= Leopoldia bouviana Heldr. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 733 (1882)
= Leopoldia calandriniana Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 2: 496 (1857)
= Leopoldia clusiana Heldr. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 732 (1882)
= Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl.; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2(2): 160 (1847)
= Leopoldia constricta Heldr.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 53(1): 71 (1878)
= Leopoldia curta Heldr.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 53(1): 65 (1878)
= Leopoldia graeca (Heldr.) Heldr.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 53(1): 67 (1878)
= Leopoldia graminifolia Heldr. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 733 (1882)
= Leopoldia holzmannii (Heldr.) Heldr.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 53(1): 65 (1878)
= Leopoldia neumannii Böhnert & Lobin; Willdenowia 47(2): 180 (2017) (fide Strid 2024)
= Leopoldia pharmacusana Heldr.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 53(1): 66 (1878)
= Leopoldia pinardii (Boiss.) Parl.; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2(2): 162 (1847)
= Leopoldia pyramidalis (Tausch) Heldr.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 53(1): 71 (1878)
= Leopoldia sartoriana Heldr.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 53(1): 66 (1878)
= Leopoldia trojana Heldr.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 53(1): 68 (1878)
= Muscari bouvianum Heldr. ex Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: 135 (1891)
= Muscari bulgaricum Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovsky] 557 (1891)
= Muscari calandrinianum (Parl.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 65 (1865)
= Muscari charrellii Heldr. ex Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: 135 (1891)
= Muscari clusianum K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 253 (1850)
= Muscari comosum f. monstrosum (L.) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 5: 208 (1958)
= Muscari comosum subsp. courtilieri (Boreau) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 228 (1890)
= Muscari comosum subsp. holzmannii (Heldr.) Cif. & Giacom.; Nomenclator Fl. Ital. 1: 114 (1950)
= Muscari comosum subsp. monstrosum (L.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 228 (1890)
= Muscari comosum var. monstrosum (L.) Gillet & Magne; Nouv. Fl. Franç. [Gillet], ed. 1(reissue): 390 (1863)
= Muscari constrictum Tausch; Flora 24: 234 (1841)
= Muscari courtilieri Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 621 (1857)
= Muscari cousturieri Gand.; Fl. Cret. [Gandoger] 101, No. 1794 (1916)
= Muscari cretensium Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 63: 242 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Muscari curtum (Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 292 (1882)
= Muscari giennense Pau & Cuatrec.; Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 12 (Fl. Mágina): 249 (1929)
= Muscari graecum (Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 291 (1882)
= Muscari graminifolium Heldr. & Holzm. ex Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: 135 (1891)
= Muscari holzmannii (Heldr.) Hirc; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 33: 358 (1883)
= Muscari longissimum Medik.; Ann. Bot. [Usteri] 2: 15 (1791), nom. illeg.
= Muscari monstrosum (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: 4 (1768)
= Muscari neumannii (Böhnert & Lobin) Böhnert; Taxon 72(2): 274 (2023) (fide Strid 2024)
= Muscari paniculatum (Lam.) Medik.; Ann. Bot. [Usteri] 2: 16 (1791), nom. illeg.
= Muscari pharmacusanum (Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 291 (1882)
= Muscari pinardii (Boiss.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 110 (1846)
= Muscari pyramidale Tausch; Flora 24: 235 (1841)
= Muscari sartorianum (Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 292 (1882)
= Muscari segusianum E.P.Perrier & Songeon; Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 436 (1894)
= Muscari trojanum (Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 290 (1882)
= Pelotris paniculatus (Lam.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 125 (1840)
= Scilla comosa (L.) Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 243 (1796)
= Scilla monstrosa (L.) Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 243 (1796)
species :
Muscari cycladicum P.H.Davis & Stuart; Lily Year-Book 30: 123 (1966)
subspecies :
subsp. cycladicum
Distribution: Greece (C-Kiklades)
13 GRC
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia cycladica (P.H.Davis & Stuart) Garbari; Webbia 27(1): 294 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. subsessilis (Bentzer) Raus; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 98: 272 (1996)
Distribution: Greece (C-Kiklades)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia cycladica subsp. subsessilis Bentzer; Bot. Not. 126(1): 82 (1973)
species :
Muscari dionysicum Rech.f.; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105(2, 1): 167 (1943)
Distribution: Greece (SE-Kiklades: Anafi, Sirina, Zafora, Astakida); Crete (Dia Isl., Dragonada group)
13 GRC KRI
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia dionysica (Rech.f.) Greuter; Florist. Rep. Cretan Area [Greuter] 17 (1972)
= Leopoldia dionysica (Rech.f.) Bentzer; Bot. Not. 126(1): 82 (1973), isonym
species :
Muscari discolor Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 300 (1882)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari dolichanthum Woronow & Tron; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 4: 744 (1935)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia)
33 GEO
Synonyms: hidden
= Muscari steupii Woronow & Tron; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 4: 418, 745 (1935)
species :
Muscari eburneum (Eig & Feinbrun) Stuart; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 190 (1970)
Distribution: Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, N-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai)
20 EGY 34 ISR SIN
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia eburnea Eig & Feinbrun; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 4: 58 (1947)
species :
Muscari elmasii Yildirim; Turk. J. Bot. 40(4): 380 (2016)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia, near M. weissii
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia elmasii (Yildirim) Eker; e-Fl. Turkey (Muscari, Muscarimia, Leopoldia): 79 (2022)
= Leopoldia elmasii (Yildirim) Ruksans & Zetterl.; Int. Rock Gard. 147: 15 (2022), isonym
species :
Muscari erdalii Özhatay & Demirci; Phytotaxa 154(1): 40 (2013)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia erdalii (Özhatay & Demirci) Eker; e-Fl. Turkey (Muscari, Muscarimia, Leopoldia): 90 (2022)
= Leopoldia erdalii (Özhatay & Demirci) Ruksans & Zetterl.; Int. Rock Gard. 147: 15 (2022), isonym
species :
Muscari erzincanicum Eker; Phytotaxa 487(1): 44, figs. 2-5 (2021)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia erzincanica (Eker) Eker; e-Fl. Turkey (Muscari, Muscarimia, Leopoldia): 92 (2022)
species :
Muscari fatmacereniae Eker; Phytotaxa 397(1): 102 (2019)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari forniculatum Fomin; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 9: 11 (1908)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Pseudomuscari
Synonyms: hidden
= Bellevalia forniculata (Fomin) Delaney; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 1: 44 (1922-23)
= Pseudomuscari forniculatum (Fomin) Garbari; Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa, Mem. B 77: 112 (1970 publ. 1971)
species :
Muscari ghouschtchiense (Jafari & Maassoumi) Böhnert; Taxon 72(2): 273 (2023)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia ghouschtchiensis Jafari & Maassoumi; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 48(5): 397 (2011)
species :
Muscari gussonei (Parl.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 65 (1865)
Distribution: Italy; Sicily
13 ITA SIC
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Bellevalia cupaniana (Taranto & Gerbino ex Guss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 733 (1882)
= Botryanthus gussonei Tod.; Index Sem. (Panormitani) 1872: 38 (1872)
= Botryanthus odorus var. gussonei (Parl.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 734 (1882)
= Leopoldia cupaniana (Taranto & Gerbino ex Guss.) Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 2: 497 (1857)
= Leopoldia gussonei Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 2: 498 (1857)
= Muscari aestivale Baker; Bot. Mag. 102: t. 6269 (1876)
= Muscari cupanianum Taranto & Gerbino ex Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 814 (1845)
= Muscari gussonei (Parl.) Tod.; Index Sem. (Panormitani) 1872: 58 (1872), isonym
= Muscari maritimum Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 426 (1827), nom. illeg.
species :
Muscari haradjianii Briq. ex Rech.f.; Ark. Bot., a. s. 5: 88 (1960)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia haradjianii (Briq. ex Rech.f.) Ruksans & Zetterl.; Int. Rock Gard. 147: 15 (2022)
= Muscari ufukii E.Kaya & Demirci; Türk. Geofitleri 3: 545 (2014)
species :
Muscari heldreichii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 109 (1859)
Distribution: C-Greece (Mt. Parnassos, Mt. Giona, Mt. Vardousia)
13 GRC
Remarks: subgen. Muscari. Often included in M. botryoides s. l. as high-altitude form
Synonyms: hidden
= Botryanthus heldreichii (Boiss.) Jord. & Fourr.; Icon. Fl. Eur. [Jordan & Fourreau] 2: 24 (1870)
species :
Muscari inconstrictum Rech.f.; Ark. Bot., a. s. 2: 314 (1952)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (NW-Iran: Iranian Azerbaijan, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Syria (NW-Syria); Jordania (S-Jordania)
34 CYP IRN IRQ JOR SYR TUR
Remarks: subgen. Pseudomuscari
Synonyms: hidden
= Muscari racemosum var. brachyanthum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 295 (1882)
= Pseudomuscari inconstrictum (Rech.f.) Garbari; Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa, Mem., Ser. B 77: 112 (1970 publ. 1971)
species :
Muscari inundatum Yildirim & Eker; Phytotaxa 484(2): 182 (2021)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari kerkis Karlén; Willdenowia 14: 112, f. 9 (1984)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Samos); Turkey (W-Anatolia)
34 EAI TUR
Remarks: subgen. Pulchella
species :
Muscari kurdicum Maroofi; Iran. J. Bot. 13(2): 75 (2007)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
Remarks: subgen. Pseudomuscari
Synonyms: hidden
= Pseudomuscari kurdicum (Maroofi) Jafari; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 171-175: 123 (2023)
species :
Muscari latifolium Armitage, J.Kirk & Playne ex J.Kirk; Edinburgh New Philos. J., Ser. 2, 7: 317 (1858)
Name: Breitblättriges Träubel (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)
11 ger 34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Pulchella
Synonyms: hidden
= Bellevalia monophylla J.Gay ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 294 (1882)
= Bellevalia muscarioides Mast.; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 113 (1859), nom. prov.
species :
Muscari longipes Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 13: 37 (1854)
subspecies :
subsp. longipes
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, NW-Iran: Iranian Azerbaijan, W-Iran); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Jordania (E-Jordania, S-Jordania, W-Jordania); United Arab Emirates
33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN SYR TUR 35 UAE
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Bellevalia fuliginosa (Freyn) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2, 1: 306 (1889)
= Bellevalia longipes (Boiss.) Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 47: 122 (1939), nom. illeg., non Post
= Leopoldia deserticola (Rech.f.) Feinbrun; Fl. Palaestina [Zohary & Feinbrun-Dothan] 4: 70 (1986)
= Leopoldia longipes (Boiss.) Losinsk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 4: 410 (1935)
= Muscari aaronsohnii Oppenh. & P.Beauv.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 22: 278 (1930 publ. 1931)
= Muscari albicaule Post; Pl. Postianae 1: 13 (1890)
= Muscari atropatanum Grossh.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armenii 8: 33 (1948)
= Muscari bushiricum var. pumilum Parsa; Kew Bull. [4]: 35 (1949)
= Muscari deserticola Rech.f.; Ark. Bot., a. s. 5: 87 (1960)
= Muscari dinsmorei Rech.f.; Ark. Bot., a. s. 1: 507 (1952)
subspecies :
subsp. negevensis (Feinbrun & Danin) Hosni; Taeckholmia 12: 83 (1989)
Distribution: Israel; Sinai peninsula
34 ISR SIN
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia longipes subsp. negevensis Feinbrun & Danin; Fl. Palaestina [Zohary & Feinbrun-Dothan] 4: 397, 71 (1986)
species :
Muscari longistylum (Täckh. & Boulos) Hosni; Taeckholmia 11: 55 (1988)
Distribution: Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai)
34 SIN
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia longistyla Täckholm & Boulos; Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 81 (1972 publ. 1974)
= Muscari longistylum (Täckh. & Boulos) D.Heller; Consp. Fl. Orient. 6: 33 (1991), isonym
species :
Muscari macbeathianum Kit Tan; Herbertia 44(1): 26 (1988)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari macrocarpum Sweet; Brit. Fl. Gard. [Sweet] Ser. 1, t. 210 (1827)
Distribution: Greece (Kiklades: Denousa, Amorgos, Keros); East Aegaean Isl. (Ikaria, Fourni, Samos, Lipsi, Leros, Kalimnos, Kos, Simi); Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
13 GRC 34 EAI TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscarimia
Synonyms: hidden
= Muscari creticum (Baker) N.E.Br.; Suppl. Johnson´s Gard. Dict. 965 (1882), non Vierh.
= Muscari luteum Tod. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 733 (1882)
= Muscari moschatum var. flavum Ker Gawl.; Bot. Mag. 38: t. 1565 (1813)
= Muscari moschatum var. creticum Baker; Gard. Chron., n. s. 4: 130 (1875)
= Muscari moschatum var. flavum Ker Gawl.; Bot. Mag. 38: t. 1565 (1813)
= Muscarimia flava (Ker Gawl.) Garbari; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 102: 94 (1968)
= Muscarimia macrocarpa (Sweet) Garbari; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 103: 613 (1970)
species :
Muscari maritimum Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 308 (1798)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Iran; Lebanon; Syria; Palestine
20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 34 IRN LEB PAL SYR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Bellevalia fontanesii Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 733 (1882)
= Bellevalia maritima (Desf.) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 307 (1843)
= Etheiranthus maritimus (Desf.) Kostel.; Index Hort. Bot. Prag. 56 (1844)
= Hyacinthus maritimus (Desf.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 375 (1805)
= Leopoldia maritima (Desf.) Parl.; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2(2): 162 (1847)
species :
Muscari massayanum C.Grunert; Gartenwelt 35: 205 (1931)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia massayana (C.Grunert) Eker; e-Fl. Turkey (Muscari, Muscarimia, Leopoldia): 91 (2022)
= Leopoldia massayana (C.Grunert) Ruksans & Zetterl.; Int. Rock Gard. 147: 15 (2022)
species :
Muscari matritense M.Ruíz, Pascual, C.Ruíz Rejón, Valdés & J.L.Oliv.; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 13(3): 249 (1985), nom. inval. (no holotype cited), et Lagascalia 14(2): 295 (1986)
Distribution: Spain (SC- & C-Spain); S-France
12 FRA SPA
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia matritensis (Ruíz Rejón, Pascual, C.Ruíz Rejón, Valdés & J.L.Oliv.) Aymerich & L.Sáez; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 82: 109 (2018)
species :
Muscari microstomum P.H.Davis & D.C.Stuart; Lily Year-Book 30: 124 (1966)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Pulchella
species :
Muscari mirum Speta; Phyton (Horn) 29: 107, Abb. 2 (1989)
Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia mira (Speta) Eker; e-Fl. Turkey (Muscari, Muscarimia, Leopoldia): 80 (2022)
= Leopoldia mira (Speta) Ruksans & Zetterl.; Int. Rock Gard. 147: 15 (2022), isonym
species :
Muscari muglaensis Eker, H.Duman & Yildirim; Phytotaxa 475(4): 268 (2020)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia, near M. weissii
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia muglaensis (Eker, H.Duman & Yildirim) Eker; e-Fl. Turkey (Muscari, Muscarimia, Leopoldia): 79 (2022)
= Leopoldia muglaensis (Eker, H.Duman & Yildirim) Ruksans & Zetterl.; Int. Rock Gard. 147: 15 (2022), isonym
species :
Muscari nazimiyense Yild. & Kiliç; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 26(1): 14 (2019)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. uncertain
species :
Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. & Sangiov.; Ann. Civili Regno Due Sicilie 26: 48 (1841)
Name: Weinbergs-Träubel, Übersehenes Träubel (DE); Grape Hyacinth (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Germany (Brandenburg [I], Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Thüringen [I]); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; +Monaco; Channel Isl. [I] (Sark [I], Guernsey [I], Jersey [I]); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread mainland, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., Sporades, Evvoia, Thasos, Samothraki, Limnos, Skiros, Kiklades: Naxos, Anafi); Crete; S-European Russia; E-European Russia; C-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Russian Far East [I] (Kuril Isl. [I]); Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Kartli); Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, NW-Iran: Iranian Azerbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badghys, Farah, Herat, Kabul); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Pakistan (Quetta); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I])
10 grb ire 11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL cis COR FRA MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SMA SRB TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 31 rfe 32 KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 40 PAK 74 usa 75 usa 77 usa 78 usa
Remarks: subgen. Muscari, neglectum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Botryanthus breviscapus Tod.; Hort. Bot. Panorm. 1: 5 (1875)
= Botryanthus lelievrei var. strangwaysii (Ten.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 734 (1882)
= Botryanthus mandraliscae Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 3: 99 (1909)
= Botryanthus mordoanus (Heldr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 734 (1882)
= Botryanthus neglectus (Guss. ex Ten. & Sangiov.) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 679 (1843)
= Botryanthus neglectus subsp. odorus O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 4: 100 (2001)
= Botryanthus neglectus var. speciosa (Marches.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 307 (1890)
= Botryanthus odorus Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 311 (1843), nom. superfl.
= Botryanthus racemosus (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 160 (1869)
= Botryanthus saulii Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 44 (1851)
= Botryanthus speciosus (Marches.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2(1): 307 (1889)
= Botryanthus strangwaysii (Ten.) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 679 (1843)
= Botryanthus vulgaris var. strangwaysii (Ten.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 307 (1890)
= Etheiranthus jacquinii Kostel.; Index Hort. Bot. Prag. 56 (1844)
= Eubotrys odorata Raf.; Autik. Bot. 124 (1840), nom. superfl.
= Hyacinthus juncifolius Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 271 (1779), nom. superfl.
= Hyacinthus neglectus (Guss. ex Ten. & Sangiov.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 1: 106 (1906)
= Hyacinthus racemosus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 318 (1753), nom. ambig.
= Leopoldia neumayeri Heldr.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 53(1): 70 (1878)
= Muscari ammophilum Sennen; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s., 69: 109 (1922 publ. 1923)
= Muscari atlanticum subsp. alpinum (Fiori) Garbari; Webbia 38: 144 (1984)
= Muscari bootanensis Griff.; Icon. Pl. Asiat. t. 280 (1851)
= Muscari botryoides var. bucharicum Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 8: 655 (1884)
= Muscari breviscapum (Tod.) N.E.Br.; Suppl. Johnson´s Gard. Dict. 965 (1882)
= Muscari bucharicum Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 8: t. 19 (1884)
= Muscari compactum Baker; Gard. Chron., n. s. 9: 799 (1878)
= Muscari conillii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 138 (1936 publ. 1951)
= Muscari dolioliforme Sobko; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 28(4): 439 (1971)
= Muscari elwesii Baker; Gard. Chron., n. s. 9: t. 798 (1878)
= Muscari flaccidum O.Schwarz; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 73 (1934)
= Muscari grandifolium Baker; Refug. Bot. [Saunders] 3: t. 173 (1870)
= Muscari grandifolium var. populeum (Braun-Blanq. & Maire) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. (1931)
= Muscari grandifolium var. rifanum Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. (1931)
= Muscari grossheimii Schchian; Zametki Syst. Geogr. Rast. 17: 112 (1953)
= Muscari letourneuxii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 299 (1882)
= Muscari leucostomum Woronow; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 267 (1930)
= Muscari macranthum Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 192 (1896)
= Muscari marianicum Pau; Cavanillesia 8: 114 (1937)
= Muscari mordoanum Heldr.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 28: 52 (1878)
= Muscari neglectum f. bertramii Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. (1941)
= Muscari neglectum subsp. odorum (Kunth) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 4: 100 (2001)
= Muscari neglectum subsp. speciosum (Marches.) Garbari; Webbia 38: 148 (1984)
= Muscari neglectum var. macranthum (Freyn) Eker; e-Fl. Turkey (Muscari, Muscarimia, Leopoldia): 18 (2022)
= Muscari neumayeri (Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 293 (1882)
= Muscari nivale Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 13 (1885)
= Muscari odoratum Montandon; Syn. Fl. Jura, ed. 2: 313 (1868)
= Muscari populeum Braun-Blanq. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 13: 194 (1922)
= Muscari racemosum (L.) Medik.; Ann. Bot. [Usteri] 2: 13 (1793), nom. illeg.
= Muscari racemosum lusus albiflorum Soó ex Priszter; Magyar Fl. Veg. 6: 185 (1980)
= Muscari racemosum lusus pallidum Priszter; Magyar Fl. Veg. 6: 185 (1980)
= Muscari racemosum subsp. neglectum (Guss. ex Ten. & Sangiov.) Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie 575 (1894)
= Muscari racemosum var. alpinum Fiori; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 7: 253 (1900)
= Muscari racemosum var. neglectum (Guss. ex Ten. & Sangiov.) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 790 (1896)
= Muscari skorpili Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovsky] 557 (1891)
= Muscari speciosum Marches.; Boll. Soc. Adriat. Sci. Nat. Trieste 8: 267 (1882)
= Muscari strangwaysii Kotschy ex Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 417 (1871), nom. illeg.
= Muscari strangwaysii Ten.; Index Sem. (Naples, Neapolitano) 1839: 11 (1839)
= Muscari szovitsianum Rupr. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 295 (1882)
= Muscari vandasii Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovsky] 555 (1891)
= Muscari vinyalsii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 99 (1936 publ. 1951)
= Scilla suaveolens Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 243 (1796), nom. superfl.
species :
Muscari olivetorum Blanca, Ruíz Rejón & Suár.-Sant.; Taxon 56(4): 1184 (2007)
Distribution: Spain (S-, C- & E-Spain)
12 SPA
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari nigdeense (Eker, Eroglu & Pinar) comb.ined.
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia nigdeensis Eker & Eroglu; Phytotaxa 635(1): 61 (2024)
species :
Muscari oztasii (Eker, Eroglu & Pinar) comb.ined.
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia oztasii Eker, Eroglu & Pinar; Phytotaxa 633(1): 19 (2024)
species :
Muscari pallens (M.Bieb.) Fisch.; Cat. Jard. Pl. Gorenki, ed. 2: 9 (1812)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Svaneti, Guria, Shiga Kartli, Mtiuleti); Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iran (NW-Iran: Iranian Azerbaijan)
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
Synonyms: hidden
= Bellevalia pallens (M.Bieb.) Vis.; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 16: 67 (1871)
= Botryanthus pallens (M.Bieb.) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 312 (1843)
= Hyacinthus pallens M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 283 (1808)
= Muscari stoloniferum Kharkev.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 39: 905 (1954)
= Pseudomuscari pallens (M.Bieb.) Garbari; Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa, Mem., Ser. B 77: 112 (1970 publ. 1971)
= Scilla dalmatica J.Presl ex Avé-Lall.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 11: 71 (1846)
species :
Muscari pamiryigidii Eker; Phytotaxa 408(4): 256 (2019)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari parviflorum Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 309 (1798)
Name: Kleinblütige Traubenhyazinthe (DE); Lesser Grape Hyacinth (EN)
Distribution: SE-Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares (Mallorca); Italy; Sicily; Croatia; ?Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; ?North Macedonia; European Turkey; Greece (rare Evvoia, Sporades, Zakynthos, S-Peloponnisos, Attiki); Crete; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Samos, Kos, Simi, Karpathos, Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel)
12 BAL GIB SPA 13 CRO GRC ITA KRI MNT SIC TUE 20 ALG EGY LBY TUN 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB SYR TUR
Remarks: subgen. Pseudomuscari
Synonyms: hidden
= Botryanthus autumnalis (Guss.) Heynh.; Alph. Aufz. Gew. 2: 75 (1846)
= Botryanthus parviflorus (Desf.) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 312 (1843)
= Hyacinthus parviflorus (Desf.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 375 (1805)
= Muscari autumnale Guss.; Index Sem. (Boccadifalco) (1825)
= Muscari cilicicum Kotschy; Reise Taur. 379 (1858)
= Muscari filifolium Wahlenb.; Resor Eur. Österländ. [Berggren] 2(Bihang): 60 (1826)
species :
Muscari parvipoldium (Ruksans & Zetterl.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Turkey (Cappadocia)
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia, status unconfirmed
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia parvipoldia Ruksans & Zetterl.; Int. Rock Gard. 147: 7, figs. 1-12 (2022)
species :
Muscari pseudopallens Eker, Yildirim & Armagan; e-Fl. Turkey (Muscari, Muscarimia, Leopoldia): 37 (2022)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Muscari pulchellum Heldr. & Sart.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 109 (1859)
subspecies :
subsp. pulchellum
Distribution: Greece (scattered Attiki, Peloponnisos, Kiklades: Andros, Paros, Kea, Kithnos, Serifos, Milos)
13 GRC
Remarks: subgen. Pulchella
Synonyms: hidden
= Botryanthus lelievrei var. pulchellus (Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 734 (1882)
= Botryanthus pulchellus (Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss.) Jord. & Fourr.; Icon. Fl. Eur. [Jordan & Fourreau] 2: 23 (1870)
= Botryanthus sartorii Tod.; Hort. Bot. Panorm. 1: t. 5 (1876)
= Muscari racemosum subsp. pulchellum (Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss.) Stoj. & Stef.; Fl. Bulg. [Stojanov & Stefanoff], ed. 3: 260 (1948)
= Muscari racemosum var. pulchellum (Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss.) W.Mast.; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 6: 5 (1874)
subspecies :
subsp. clepsydroides Karlén; Willdenowia 14: 112 (1984)
Distribution: Greece (Kiklades)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Muscari pulchellum var. amoenum Heldr. ex Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 271 (1903)
species :
Muscari racemosum Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: 3 (1768)
Name: Moschus-Träubel (DE)
Distribution: Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Slovenia [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)
13 ita sic slv 33 geo 34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscarimia
Synonyms: hidden
= Hyacinthus muscari L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 317 (1753)
= Moscharea muscari (L.) Salisb.; Gen. Pl. [Salisbury] 25 (1866)
= Muscari ambrosiacum Moench; Methodus [Moench] 633 (1794)
= Muscari moschatum Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 378 (1809)
= Muscari muscari (L.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 1124 (1895)
= Muscari muscarimi Medik.; Ann. Bot. [Usteri] 2: 15 (1791)
= Muscari racemosum var. byzantinum W.Mast.; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 6: 5 (1874)
= Muscarimia muscari (L.) Losinsk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 4: 411 (1935)
= Scilla fragrans Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 243 (1796), nom. superfl.
species :
Muscari sabihapinariae Eroglu, Pínar & Fidan; Nordic J. Bot. 37(11)-e02514: 2 (2019)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari salah-eidii (Täckh. & Boulos) Hosni; Taeckholmia 11: 55 (1988)
Distribution: Egypt (NE-Egypt); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai)
20 EGY 34 SIN
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia salah-eidii Täckh. & Boulos; Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 81 (1972 publ. 1974)
= Muscari salah-eidii (Täckh. & Boulos) D.Heller; Consp. Fl. Orient. 6: 34 (1991), isonym
species :
Muscari sandrasicum Karlén; Willdenowia 16: 375, f. 1 (1987)
Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari savranii Uysal & Dogu; Phytotaxa 402(3): 157 (2019)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia savranii (Uysal & Dogu) Eker; e-Fl. Turkey (Muscari, Muscarimia, Leopoldia): 90 (2022)
= Leopoldia savranii (Uysal & Dogu) Ruksans & Zetterl.; Int. Rock Gard. 147: 15 (2022), isonym
species :
Muscari serpentinicum Yildirim, Altioglu & Pirhan; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 21(1): 3 (2015)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari sivrihisardaghlarensis Yild. & B.Selvi; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 9(1): 9 (2002)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari spreitzenhoferi (Heldr. ex Osterm.) Vierh.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 66: 166 (1916)
Distribution: Crete (widespread, incl. islets)
13 KRI
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia amoenocoma (Rech.f.) Garbari; Webbia 27(1): 294 (1972)
= Leopoldia spreitzenhoferi Heldr. ex Osterm.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 40: 299 (1890)
= Muscari amoenocomum Rech.f.; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105(2), Abt. 1: 168 (1943)
= Muscari creticum Vierh.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 66: 166 (1916), nom. illeg.
species :
Muscari stenanthum Freyn; Flora 68: 4 (1885)
Distribution: Libya
20 LBY
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari tabrizianum (Jafari) Böhnert; Taxon 72(2): 274 (2023)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia tabriziana Jafari; Feddes Repert. 123(4): 293 (2013)
species :
Muscari tauricum Demirci, Özhatay & E.Kaya; Phytotaxa 399(2): 112 (2019)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari tenuiflorum Tausch; Flora 24: 234 (1841)
Name: Schmalblütiges Träubel (DE)
Distribution: Germany (+Bayern, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece (incl. Thasos); Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, NW-Iran: Iranian Azerbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir)
11 AUT CZE GER HUN SLO 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB 14 UKR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ JOR SYR TUR 35 SAU
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Bellevalia tenuiflora (Tausch) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 732 (1882)
= Hyacinthus tenuiflorus (Tausch) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 1: 107 (1906)
= Leopoldia tenuiflora (Tausch) Heldr.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 53(1): 70 (1878)
= Leopoldia tubiflora (Steven) Juz.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 8 (1951)
= Muscari alpinum J.Gay ex Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 413 (1871)
= Muscari bushiricum Parsa; Kew Bull. [4]: 35 (1949)
= Muscari comosum var. tenuiflorum (Tausch) W.Mast.; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 6: 5 (1874)
= Muscari iranicum Parsa; Kew Bull. [4]: 35 (1949)
= Muscari laxum Freyn; Flora 68: 21 (1885)
= Muscari persicum Hausskn. & Bornm. ex Bornm. & Gauba; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 47: 122 (1939), pro syn.
= Muscari tenuiflorum lusus flavescens Priszter; Magyar Fl. Veg. 6: 185 (1980)
= Muscari tenuiflorum var. angustifolium Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 6B(46B): 85 (1906)
= Muscari tubiflorum Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 30(2): 84 (1857)
= Muscarimia alpina (J.Gay ex Baker) Garbari; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 102: 94 (1968)
species :
Muscari tijtijense (Jafari) Böhnert; Taxon 72(2): 274 (2023)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia tijtijensis Jafari; Phytotaxa 43: 62 (2012)
species :
Muscari turcicum Uysal, Ertugrul & Dural; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 154(2): 233 (2007)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Pulchella
species :
Muscari tuzgoluense Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 18(1): 9 (2011)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari vanense Uysal; Phytotaxa 536(1): 55 (2022)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Muscari vuralii Bagci & Dogu; Nordic J. Bot. 27(3): 243 (2009)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Muscari
species :
Muscari wallii Rech.f.; Ark. Bot., a. s. 1: 506 (1952)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Leopoldia wallii (Rech.f.) Eker; e-Fl. Turkey (Muscari, Muscarimia, Leopoldia): 89 (2022)
species :
Muscari weissii Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 28: 87 (1878)
Name: Weiss-Traubenhyazinthe (DE); Weiss´ Grape-Hyacinth (EN)
Distribution: Greece (rare C- & S-Greece, widespread Sporades, Kiklades, Limnos, Ag. Evstratios); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Dodecanese, Kos, Simi, Tilos, Kasos, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
13 GRC 34 EAI TUR
Remarks: subgen. Leopoldia
Synonyms: hidden
= Bellevalia maritima subsp. weissii (Freyn) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 733 (1882)
= Bellevalia theraea (Heldr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 733 (1882)
= Bellevalia weissii Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 28: 87 (1878)
= Leopoldia theraea Heldr.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 53(1): 69 (1878)
= Leopoldia weissii (Freyn) Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 28: 87 (1878) ex Heldr.
= Muscari theraeum (Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 290 (1882)
species :
Muscari zagricum Eker, Alipour & Majidi; Phytotaxa 652(2): 134 (2024)
Distribution: Iran (Zagros Mts.)
34 IRN
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.07 (July 5th, 2025)

Covering 356,783 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,637 synonyms,
in total 1,417,272* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life